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Life and creative path of A.I

Kuprin's biography is similar to an adventure novel. In terms of the abundance of meetings with people and life observations, it was reminiscent of Gorky's biography. The writer’s autobiography contains a truly frightening list of the activities that he tried after parting with his military uniform: he was a reporter, a manager at the construction of a house, bred tobacco “silver shag” in the Volyn province, served in a technical office, was a psalmist, labored on stage, studied dentistry, even wanted to become a monk, served in an artel carrying furniture from the firm of a certain Loskutov, unloaded watermelons, etc. Chaotic, feverish throwing, changing “specialties” and positions, frequent trips around the country, an abundance of new meetings - all this gave Kuprin an inexhaustible wealth of impressions - it was necessary to artistically generalize them.

In the above list, the first is: reporter. And this is no coincidence. Reporting work in Kyiv newspapers - judicial and police chronicles, writing feuilletons, editorials and even "correspondence from Paris" - was Kuprin's main literary school. He always retained a warm attitude to the role of a reporter.

Is it any wonder, therefore, with what amazing details are captured in Kuprin's prose the military of all ranks - from private to general - circus performers, tramps, landladies, students, singers, perjurers, thieves. It is noteworthy that in these works of Kuprin, which convey his living experience, the writer's interest is directed not to an exceptional event, but to a phenomenon that repeats many times, to the details of everyday life, to recreating the environment in all its inconspicuous trifles, to reproducing the majestic and non-stop "river of life". The writer does not limit his task to well-aimed, but uncomplicated "sketches from nature." Unlike the popular newspaper essays of the late 19th century, he artistically generalizes reality. And when in 1896, having entered the head of accounting for a forge and a carpentry workshop (at one of the largest steel and rail-rolling plants in the Donetsk basin), Kuprin wrote a series of essays on the situation of workers, at the same time the contours of the first major work, the story "Moloch", were formed. .

In Kuprin's prose of the second half of the 1990s, Moloch stands out as a passionate, direct indictment of capitalism. It was already in many ways a real "Kuprin" prose with its, according to Bunin, "accurate and without excess generous language." Thus begins the rapid creative flowering of Kuprin, who created at the turn of two centuries almost all of his most significant works. Kuprin's talent, which was recently traded in the field of cheap fiction, is gaining confidence and strength. Following Moloch, works appear that put the writer forward in the front ranks of Russian literature. “Army Ensign”, “Olesya” and then, already at the beginning of the 20th century, “In the Circus”, “Horse Thieves”, “White Poodle” and the story “Duel”.

In 1901, Kuprin came to St. Petersburg. Behind the years of wandering, a kaleidoscope of bizarre professions, an unsettled life. In St. Petersburg, the doors of the editorial offices of the then most popular "thick" magazines - "Russian wealth" and "World of God" - were opened before the writer. In one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven, Kuprin met I. A. Bunin, a little later - with A. P. Chekhov, and in November of one thousand nine hundred and two - with M. Gorky, who had long been closely following the young writer. On his way to Moscow, Kuprin visits the literary association "Sreda" founded by N. D. Teleshov, and becomes close to wide writers' circles. The democratic publishing house Znanie, led by M. Gorky, published in 1903 the first volume of Kuprin's stories, which were positively received by critics.

Among the St. Petersburg intelligentsia, Kuprin especially draws close to the leaders of the journal "World of God" - its editor, literary historian F. D. Batyushkov, critic and publicist A. I. Bogdanovich and publisher A. A. Davydova, who highly appreciated Kuprin's talent. In 1902, the writer marries Davydova's daughter, Maria Karlovna. For some time he actively collaborated in the "World of God" and as an editor, and also published a number of his works there: "In the circus", "Swamp", "Measles", "From the street", but to a purely editorial work that interfered with his work, cools down soon.

In the work of Kuprin at this time accusatory notes sound louder and louder. A new democratic upsurge in the country causes him a surge of creative forces, a strengthening intention to carry out a long-conceived plan - to “enough” for the tsarist army, this focus of stupidity, ignorance, inhumanity, an idle-exhausting existence. So on the eve of the first revolution, the largest work of the writer is formed - the story "Duel", on which he began working in the spring of one thousand nine hundred and two. Work on the "Duel", according to M. K. Kuprina-Iordanskaya, proceeded with the greatest intensity in the winter of one thousand nine hundred and five, in the thunderous atmosphere of the revolution. The course of social events hurried the writer.

Kuprin, an extremely suspicious and unbalanced person, found confidence in himself, in his abilities, in the friendly support of M. Gorky. It is to these years (1904 - 1905) that the time of their greatest convergence belongs. “Now, finally, when everything is over,” Kuprin wrote to Gorky on May 5, 1905, after the completion of the “Duel”, “I can say that everything bold and violent in my story belongs to you. If you knew how much I have learned from you and how grateful I am to you for it.

Kuprin was an eyewitness to the Ochakov uprising. Before his eyes, on the night of November 15, the fortress guns of Sevastopol set fire to a revolutionary cruiser, and punishers from the pier fired machine guns and finished off with bayonets the sailors who tried to swim to escape from the flaming ship. Shocked by what he saw, Kuprin responded to the massacre of Vice Admiral Chukhnin with an insurgent angry essay "Events in Sevastopol", published in the St. Petersburg newspaper "Our Life" on December 1, 1905. After the appearance of this correspondence, the Chukhnins issued an order for the immediate expulsion of Kuprin from the Sevastopol District. At the same time, the vice-admiral initiated legal proceedings against the writer; after being interrogated by a judicial investigator, Kuprin was allowed to leave for St. Petersburg.

Soon after the Sevastopol events in the vicinity of Balaklava, where Kuprin lived, a group of eighty sailors appeared, who reached the shore from the Ochakov. In the fate of these people, exhausted by fatigue and persecution, Kuprin took the most ardent part: he got them civilian clothes, helped to throw the police off the trail. Partially, the episode with the rescue of the sailors is reflected in the story "The Caterpillar", but there the simple Russian woman Irina Platonovna is brought out as the "ringleader", and the "writer" is left in the shade. In the memoirs of Aspiz there is a significant clarification: "The honor of rescuing these Ochakov sailors belongs exclusively to Kuprin."

Cheerfulness, faith in the future of Russia, artistic maturity permeated the work of Kuprin of this time. He writes the stories "Staff Captain Rybnikov", "Dreams", "Toast", begins work on the essays "Listrigons". In a number of works, and above all in the story "Gambrinus", the revolution is captured, its "straightening" atmosphere. Kuprin is under constant police supervision. As never before, the social activity of the writer is high: he speaks at evenings with reading excerpts from the “Duel”, puts forward his candidacy for electors to the first State Duma. He openly declares in the parable "Art" about the beneficial effects of the revolution on the artist's work. However, welcoming the "proletarian spring". Kuprin saw in it the path to a utopian and vague system, "the world anarchist union of free people" ("Toast"), the implementation of which is remote for a whole thousand years. His revolutionary spirit is the revolutionary spirit of a petty-bourgeois writer at a time of general democratic upsurge.

During the first decade of the 900s, Kuprin's talent reaches its peak. In 1909, the writer received the academic Pushkin Prize for three volumes of fiction, sharing it with I. A. Bunin. In 1912, the publishing house of L. F. Marx published a collection of his works in an appendix to the popular magazine Nina. In contrast to the increasingly rampant decadence, Kuprin's talent remains at this time a realistic, eminently "earthly" artistic gift.

However, the years of reaction did not pass without a trace for the writer. After the defeat of the revolution, his interest in the political life of the country noticeably decreases. There was also no former closeness to M. Gorky. Kuprin places his new works not in issues of "Knowledge", but in "fashionable" almanacs - Artsybashev's "Life", the symbolist "Rosehip", eclectic collections of the Moscow publishing house of writers "Earth". If we talk about the fame of Kuprin - the writer, then during these years it continues to grow, reaching its highest point. In essence, in his work of the 910s, alarming symptoms of a crisis are already visible. The works of Kuprin of these years are extremely uneven. After "Gambrinus" imbued with active humanism and the poetic "Sulamith", he speaks with the story "Seasickness", which provoked protests from the democratic public. Next to the "Garnet Bracelet", which sings of selfless, holy feeling, he creates a faded utopia "King's Park", in which the hope for the voluntary relinquishment of power by the rulers sounds especially false, since it appeared shortly after the brutal suppression of the revolution of 1905-1907. Following the full-blooded - realistic cycle of essays "Listrigons", imbued with a cheerful feeling and filled with the aromas of the Black Sea, a fantastic story "Liquid Sun" appears, somewhat unusual for Kuprin in terms of the exotic nature of the material, in which despair in front of the omnipotent power of capital, disbelief in the future of mankind, doubts about the possibility of social reorganization of society.

The atmosphere in which Kuprin lived during these years was not conducive to serious literary work. Contemporaries talk with disapproval about Kuprin's stormy revelry in the "literary" restaurants "Vienna" and "Capernaum", they are outraged by the mention of his name in the tabloid album published by the restaurant "Vienna". And the cheap literary pub "Davydka", according to E. M. Aspiz, at one time "became the residence of Kuprin ... where, as they said, even correspondence addressed to him was sent." Suspicious personalities, tabloid reporters, restaurant regulars clung to the popular writer. From time to time, Kuprin closed up for work in Gatchina, or F. Batyushkov invited him to his Danilovskoye estate, or the writer himself "fled" from St. Petersburg "friends" in Balaklava.

Kuprin's literary work was also hampered by a constant lack of money, and family worries were also added. After a trip to Finland in 1907, he marries a second time, to the niece of D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak, Elizaveta Moritsovna Heinrich. The family grows, and with it - debts. Involuntarily, at the height of his literary fame, the writer was forced to return to the lightning-fast pace of unskilled journalism during his unsettled Kyiv life. In such conditions, he worked on the creation of a large story "The Pit".

The inconsistency of Kuprin's work in the 910s reflected the writer's confusion, his uncertainty and misunderstanding of what was happening. And when the Russian-German war began, he was among those writers who perceived it as "patriotic" and "liberation". In a patriotic frenzy, Kuprin again puts on the uniform of a lieutenant. Drafted into the army, the writer, according to the correspondent, "has bought statutes, collected all the circulars, dreams of getting into business with his squad." An elevated state of mind, the expectation of the beneficial consequences of the "cleansing" war continues with Kuprin until the end of 1915. Demobilized for health reasons, he organizes a military hospital in his Gatchina house at his own expense. At this time, Kuprin wrote a number of patriotic articles, while his artistic creativity almost dried up, and in his few works of these years, topics familiar from his previous work lose their social sharpness.

Thus, in the pre-revolutionary period, in an atmosphere of creative crisis, the main period of Kuprin's writing activity ends, when his most significant works were created.

In the extensive literary heritage of Kuprin, the original, Kuprin-like, that the writer brought with him, lies on the surface. According to contemporaries, he is always saved by the instinct of natural healthy talent, organic optimism, cheerfulness, and love for giani. Such an opinion, no doubt, was justified. A hymn to nature, "natural" beauty and naturalness runs through all of Kuprin's work. Hence his craving for solid, simple and strong natures. At the same time, the cult of external, physical beauty becomes for the writer a means of exposing that unworthy reality in which this beauty perishes.

And yet, despite the abundance of dramatic situations, life juices are in full swing in Kuprin's works, light, optimistic tones predominate. He rejoices in being childishly directly, “like a cadet on vacation,” as V. Lvov-Rogachevsky aptly remarked. This strong, squat man with narrow, keen gray-blue eyes on a Tatar face, which seems not so round due to a small chestnut beard, appears in his personal life as a healthy lover of life as in creativity. The impression of L. N. Tolstoy from meeting Kuprin: "Muscular, pleasant ... strong man." And in fact, with what passion Kuprin will surrender to everything related to testing the strength of his own muscles, will, which is associated with excitement and risk. He seems to be striving to squander the supply of vitality that was not used up during his poor childhood. Organizes an athletic society in Kyiv. Together with the famous athlete Sergei Utochkin, he rises in a balloon. He descends in a diving suit to the seabed. Flies with Ivan Zaikin on a Farman plane. Forty-three years old, he suddenly begins to seriously learn swimming in style from the world record holder L. Romanenko. A passionate lover of horses, the circus prefers opera.

In all these hobbies there is something recklessly childish. Here, living in the village, he receives a hunting rifle from St. Petersburg. Immediately abandoned work on a new major work - the novel "Beggars". “... Sending a gun,” Maria Karlovna anxiously reports to Batyushkov on June 22, 1906, “made an unexpected break in Alexander Ivanovich’s working mood, and he wanders around the neighborhood with a gun for days on end.” His friends: wrestlers Ivan Poddubny and Zaikin, athlete Utochkin, famous trainer Anatoly Durov, clown Jacomino, fisherman Kolya Kostandi. Living from year to year in Balaklava, Kuprin immediately "became friends with some fishing" chieftains "who were famous for their courage, luck and courage. He is more willing to work on a longboat with an oar or sit among the fishermen in a coffee shop than meet with the local intelligentsia, eager to talk about "high matters."

But there is something hectic, tense in the hasty change of all these hobbies - French wrestling and diving in a diving suit under water, hunting and cross-country style, weightlifting and free aeronautics. It was as if two people lived in Kuprin, little alike, and contemporaries who succumbed to the impression of one, the most obvious side of his personality, left an incomplete truth about him. Only the people closest to the writer, like F. D. Batyushkov, were able to discern this duality.

The February revolution, which Kuprin met enthusiastically, found him in Helsingfors. He immediately leaves for Petrograd, where, together with the critic P. Pilsky, he edits the Socialist-Revolutionary newspaper Free Russia for some time. In his works of art of this time (the stories "Brave Runaways", "Sashka and Yashka", "The Caterpillar", "The Star of Solomon") there are no direct responses to the turbulent events experienced by the country. Having sympathetically met the October Revolution, Kuprin collaborated, however, in the bourgeois newspapers Era, Petrogradsky Leaf, Echo, Evening Word, where he appeared with political articles Prophecy, Sensation, At the Grave (in memory prominent Bolshevik M. M. Volodarsky, who was killed by a Socialist-Revolutionary), "Monuments", etc. These articles reflect the writer's contradictory position. Sympathizing with the grandiose program for the transformation of old Russia, developed by V. I. Lenin, he doubts the timeliness of putting this program into practice.

A confluence of random circumstances leads Kuprin in 1919 to the camp of emigration. In exile, he writes the novel "Janet". This is a work about the tragic loneliness of a man who lost his homeland. This is a story about the touching attachment of an old professor, who ended up in exile, to a little Parisian girl - the daughter of a street newspaper woman.

The emigrant period of Kuprin is characterized by withdrawal into himself. A major autobiographical work of that period is the novel "Junker".

In exile, the writer Kuprin did not lose faith in the future of his homeland. At the end of his life, he still returns to Russia. And his work rightfully belongs to Russian art, the Russian people.

Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin is a talented and original Russian writer of the late XIX - early XX century. Kuprin's personality, like his work, is an explosive mixture of a nobleman, a noble robber and a poor wanderer. A huge, raw precious nugget, which retains the primitive beauty and strength of character, the power and magnetism of personal charm.

Biography of Kuprin briefly

Alexander Kuprin was born on August 26, 1870 in the Penza province. His father was a petty official of noble origin, and his mother's pedigree had Tatar roots. The boy was orphaned early and for almost seventeen years he was in military state institutions - an orphanage, a gymnasium, a cadet, and later, a cadet school. Intellectual inclinations made their way through the armor of military drill, and young Alexander had a dream of becoming a poet or writer. At first there were youthful poems, but after military service in the provincial garrisons, the first stories and novels appear. The novice writer takes the plot of these works from his own life. Kuprin's creative life begins with the story "Inquiry", written in 1894. In the same year, he retires and sets off to wander around the south of Russia. competitions of athletes, worked at a factory in the Donbass, served as a forest ranger in Volhynia, studied to be a dental technician, played in a provincial theater and circus, worked as a surveyor.These wanderings enriched his life and writing experience.Gradually Kuprin becomes a professional writer, printing his works not accepting the October Revolution, Kuprin emigrates and lives abroad until 1937. Nostalgia for his homeland responded not only with a creative decline, but also with physical ill health. .

Creativity Kuprin

In 1896, Kuprin wrote and published the story "Moloch", which is the beginning of a new stage in the creative life of a novice writer and a completely new work for Russian literature. Capitalism, despite its progressiveness, is a ruthless moloch that devours the lives and destinies of people to obtain material In 1898 he publishes the story "Olesya", the first of his few works about love. Naive and beautiful in its naivete, the pure love of a forest girl, or as she is called in the district of the “sorceress” Olesya, breaks down on the timidity and indecision of her lover. A person of a different circle and worldview was able to awaken love, but failed to protect his beloved. From the beginning of a new ", 20th century, Kuprin begins to be published in St. Petersburg magazines. The heroes of his works are ordinary people who know how to preserve honor and dignity, not to betray friendship. In 1905, the story "Duel" was published, which the author dedicates to Maxim Gorky. Alexander Ivanovich writes about love and human devotion in the story "Shulamith" and the story "Garnet Bracelet". There are not so many works in world literature that describe such a subtly hopeless, unrequited, and at the same time, selfless feeling of love, as Kuprin does in The Garnet Bracelet.

Alexander Kuprin himself is a great romantic, even an adventurer in some ways. In 1910 he takes off in a hot air balloon.
In the same year, but a little later, he was one of the first in Russia to fly an airplane.
He sinks to the seabed, studying diving, and befriends the Balaklava fishermen. And then everyone he meets in life appears on the pages of his works - from the millionaire capitalist to the beggar.

Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin was born on August 26 (September 7), 1870 in the city of Narovchat (Penza province) in a poor family of a petty official.

1871 was a difficult year in Kuprin's biography - his father died, and the impoverished family moved to Moscow.

Education and the beginning of a creative path

At the age of six, Kuprin was sent to the class of the Moscow Orphan School, from which he left in 1880. After that, Alexander Ivanovich studied at the military academy, the Alexander Military School. The training time is described in such works by Kuprin as: “At the Turning Point (Cadets)”, “Junkers”. "The Last Debut" - the first published story of Kuprin (1889).

Since 1890 he was a second lieutenant in an infantry regiment. During the service, many essays, stories, novels were published: "Inquiry", "Moonlight Night", "In the Dark".

The heyday of creativity

Four years later, Kuprin retired. After that, the writer travels a lot around Russia, trying himself in different professions. During this time, Alexander Ivanovich met Ivan Bunin, Anton Chekhov and Maxim Gorky.

Kuprin builds his stories of those times on life impressions gleaned during his travels.

Kuprin's short stories cover many topics: military, social, love. The story "Duel" (1905) brought Alexander Ivanovich real success. Love in Kuprin's work is most vividly described in the story "Olesya" (1898), which was the first major and one of his most beloved works, and the story of unrequited love - "Garnet Bracelet" (1910).

Alexander Kuprin also liked to write stories for children. For children's reading, he wrote the works "Elephant", "Starlings", "White Poodle" and many others.

Emigration and the last years of life

For Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin, life and work are inseparable. Not accepting the policy of war communism, the writer emigrates to France. Even after emigration in the biography of Alexander Kuprin, the writer's ardor does not subside, he writes novels, short stories, many articles and essays. Despite this, Kuprin lives in material need and yearns for his homeland. Only 17 years later he returns to Russia. At the same time, the last essay of the writer is published - the work "Moscow dear".

After a serious illness, Kuprin died on August 25, 1938. The writer was buried at the Volkovskoye cemetery in Leningrad, next to the grave

The work of Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin was formed during the years of the revolutionary upsurge. All his life he was close to the theme of the insight of a simple Russian man who eagerly sought the truth of life. Kuprin devoted all his work to the development of this complex psychological topic. His art, according to contemporaries, was characterized by a special vigilance in seeing the world, concreteness, and a constant desire for knowledge. At an early stage of his work, Kuprin was strongly influenced by Dostoevsky. It manifested itself in the stories "In the Dark", "Moonlight Night", "Madness". He writes about fatal moments, the role of chance in a person's life, analyzes the psychology of human passions. Some stories of that period say that the human will is helpless in the face of elemental chance, that the mind cannot know the mysterious laws that govern a person. A decisive role in overcoming the literary cliches coming from Dostoevsky was played by direct acquaintance with the life of people, with real Russian reality.

He starts writing essays. Their peculiarity is that the writer usually had a leisurely conversation with the reader. They clearly showed clear storylines, a simple and detailed depiction of reality.

The first creative searches of Kuprin ended with the largest thing that reflected reality. It was the story "Moloch". In it, the writer shows the contradictions between capital and human forced labor. He was able to capture the social characteristics of the latest forms of capitalist production. An angry protest against the monstrous violence against man, on which the industrial flourishing in the world of “Moloch” is based, a satirical demonstration of the new masters of life, the exposure of the shameless predation in the country of foreign capital - all this cast doubt on the theory of bourgeois progress.

In search of moral and spiritual ideals of life, which the writer opposed to the ugliness of modern human relations, Kuprin turns to the life of vagabonds, beggars, drunken artists, starving unrecognized artists, children of the poor urban population. It is a world of nameless people who form the mass of society. Among them, Kuprin tried to find his positive heroes. He writes the stories “Lidochka”, “Lokon”, “Kindergarten”, “In the Circus” - in these works the heroes of Kuprin are free from the influence of bourgeois civilization.

Poetizing life, unlimited by modern social cultural framework. Kuprin sought to show the clear advantages of a “natural person”, in whom he saw spiritual qualities lost in a civilized society (the story “Olesya”, where a bourgeois meets a girl who grew up far from civilization and is distinguished by immediacy and simplicity).

In 1902, Kuprin conceived the story "Duel". In this work, he shattered one of the main foundations of autocracy - the military caste, in the lines of decay and moral decline of which he showed signs of the decomposition of the entire social system. The story reflects the progressive aspects of Kuprin's work. The basis of the plot is the fate of an honest Russian officer, whom the conditions of army barracks life made him feel the illegality of people's social relations. Again, Kuprin is not talking about an outstanding personality, but about a simple Russian officer Romashov. The regimental atmosphere torments him, he does not want to be in the army garrison. He became disillusioned with the army. He begins to fight for himself and his love. And the death of Romashov is a protest against the social and moral inhumanity of the environment.

In 1909, the story "The Pit" was published from the pen of Kuprin. Here Kuprin pays tribute to naturalism. He shows the inhabitants of the brothel. The whole story consists of scenes, portraits and clearly breaks up into separate details of everyday life. However, in a number of stories written in the same years, Kuprin tried to point out the real signs of high spiritual and moral values in reality itself. “Garnet Bracelet” is a story about love. This is how Paustovsky spoke about him: this is one of the most “fragrant” stories about love.

In exile, he writes the novel "Janet". This is a work about the tragic loneliness of a man who lost his homeland. This is a story about the touching attachment of an old professor, who ended up in exile, to a little Parisian girl - the daughter of a street newspaper woman. The emigrant period of Kuprin is characterized by withdrawal into himself.

Russian writer Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin (1870-1938) was born in the city of Narovchat, Penza province. A man of difficult fate, a professional military man, then a journalist, an emigrant and a "returner" Kuprin is known as the author of works included in the golden collection of Russian literature.

Stages of life and creativity

Kuprin was born into a poor noble family on August 26, 1870. His father worked as a secretary in the regional court, his mother came from a noble family of the Tatar princes Kulunchakovs. In addition to Alexander, two daughters grew up in the family.

The life of the family changed dramatically when, a year after the birth of his son, the head of the family died of cholera. Mother, a native Muscovite, began to look for an opportunity to return to the capital and somehow arrange the life of the family. She managed to find a place with a boarding house in the Kudrinsky widow's house in Moscow. Three years of little Alexander's life passed here, after which, at the age of six, he was sent to an orphanage. The atmosphere of the widow's house is conveyed by the story "The Holy Lie" (1914), written by a mature writer.

The boy was accepted to study at the Razumovsky orphanage, then, after graduation, he continued his studies at the Second Moscow Cadet Corps. Fate, it seems, ordered him to be a military man. And in the early work of Kuprin, the theme of army everyday life, relationships among the military rises in two stories: "Army Ensign" (1897), "At the Turn (Cadets)" (1900). At the peak of his literary talent, Kuprin wrote the story "Duel" (1905). The image of her hero, Lieutenant Romashov, according to the writer, was written off from himself. The publication of the story caused a great discussion in society. In the military environment, the work was perceived negatively. The story shows the aimlessness, petty-bourgeois limitations of the life of the military class. A kind of completion of the dilogy "The Cadets" and "Duel" was the autobiographical story "Junker", written by Kuprin already in exile, in 1928-32.

Prone to rebellious Kuprin, army life was completely alien. Resignation from military service took place in 1894. By this time, the first stories of the writer, not yet noticed by the general public, began to appear in magazines. After leaving military service, wanderings began in search of earnings and life experiences. Kuprin tried to find himself in many professions, but the experience of journalism acquired in Kyiv became useful for starting professional literary work. The next five years were marked by the appearance of the best works of the author: the stories "The Lilac Bush" (1894), "The Picture" (1895), "The Overnight" (1895), "The Watchdog and Zhulka" (1897), "The Wonderful Doctor" (1897), " Breguet" (1897), the story "Olesya" (1898).

The capitalism that Russia is entering has depersonalized the working man. Anxiety in the face of this process leads to a wave of workers' revolts, which are supported by the intelligentsia. In 1896, Kuprin wrote the story "Moloch" - a work of great artistic power. In the story, the soulless power of the machine is associated with an ancient deity who demands and receives human lives as a sacrifice.

"Moloch" was written by Kuprin already on his return to Moscow. Here, after wandering, the writer finds a home, enters the circle of writers, gets acquainted and closely converges with Bunin, Chekhov, Gorky. Kuprin marries and in 1901 moves with his family to St. Petersburg. His stories "Swamp" (1902), "White Poodle" (1903), "Horse Thieves" (1903) are published in magazines. At this time, the writer is actively engaged in public life, he is a candidate for deputies of the State Duma of the 1st convocation. Since 1911 he has been living in Gatchina with his family.

Kuprin's work between the two revolutions was marked by the creation of the love stories Shulamith (1908) and The Garnet Bracelet (1911), which differ in their light mood from the works of literature of those years by other authors.

During the period of two revolutions and a civil war, Kuprin was looking for an opportunity to be useful to society, collaborating either with the Bolsheviks or with the Socialist-Revolutionaries. 1918 was a turning point in the life of the writer. He emigrates with his family, lives in France and continues to work actively. Here, in addition to the novel "Junker", the story "Yu-yu" (1927), the fairy tale "The Blue Star" (1927), the story "Olga Sur" (1929), more than twenty works were written.

In 1937, after an entry permit approved by Stalin, the already very ill writer returned to Russia and settled in Moscow, where Alexander Ivanovich died a year after returning from exile. Kuprin was buried in Leningrad at the Volkovsky cemetery.

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