Village wooden world presentation. Village - a wooden world Made by a teacher of fine arts and art
Village - wooden world
- Kireeva Tatyana Ivanovna
- art teacher
- MBOU Dorogobuzh secondary school No. 2
- Smolensk region
- Lesson of fine arts in the 4th grade according to the program of B.M. Nemensky
- Russian dwelling - Izba
- Village - wooden world
- Sometimes houses seemed to merge with the natural environment. The tree served as the main material in the construction of the house.
- VILLAGE - tree
- STREET - "at-face"
- The main place in it is occupied by a stove, therefore they call houses huts - (from the words "istba", "istopa" - a warm place), i.e.
- a hut is a dwelling that was heated from the inside, served as protection from the cold.
- The huts were built from hewn, unpainted logs, which looked like silver on a cloudy day, and like warm honey in the sun.
- Each row of logs fastened together makes up a crown. A crown upon a crown - and a cage, or a log house, grows.
- The huts are high, on two floors
- In houses, wooden floors are required, in attics - sand: everything is for warmth.
- lower floor - podklet - protects against dampness, cold, floods
- Near the hut they put cage, where clothes, grain, dishes and other supplies were stored
- Near the cage were placed barns, well
- gable roof - building cap. The higher it is, the easier snow and rain roll off it.
- A log crowns the roof - dumbass
- Coolness was perceived by the people
- as a protector of a peasant family
- dumbass
- Closes the junction of the log cabin with the triangle boards under the roof frontal board
- The edges of the roof protrude, and their ends cover the patterned boards - prichelina
- The junction of the prichelins is closed hanging down towel
- towel
- Often the windows of the house were decorated with carved platbands,
- shutters.
- wood carving
- What does I. Bunin compare the Russian forest with?
- What words does the author describe the forest and the tower?
- Based on this description, tell me what character corresponds to the image of the Russian tower?
- The image of a Russian dwelling is joyful, fabulous, hospitable!
- Forest, like a painted tower,
- Lilac, gold, crimson.
- Cheerful, colorful wall
- It stands over a bright meadow.
- Birches with yellow carving
- Shine in blue azure,
- Like towers, Christmas trees darken,
- And between the maples they turn blue
- Here and there, in the foliage
- through
- Clearances in the sky, that windows.
- The forest smells of oak and pine,
- During the summer it dried up from the sun,
- And autumn is a quiet widow
- Today she entered her own tower ...
- I. Bunin
- Exercise:
- Draw an image of a Russian hut against the backdrop of Russian nature.
- The design of the huts is similar, but the images are very different.
- There is a hut-bogatyr - a wide mighty house, and another hut is high, the slopes of its roof resemble a forest spruce in shape. And you can meet a grandmother's hut with one window, comfortably nestled among tall trees, etc.
VILLAGE - WOODEN WORLD Purposes and tasks: to acquaint students with wooden temple architecture; consider the variety of rural wooden buildings: huts, gates, wells, etc .; reveal the role of art in understanding the harmonious connection of Russian housing with nature; to learn to identify the means of artistic expression used in the works of landscape painters; develop constructive, graphic skills; to educate children in love for nature, the need to focus on the spiritual values of folk art; strengthen interdisciplinary connections. artistic taste, Equipment: for the teacher - reproductions, methodological tables; for students - graphic materials. Spectators: photographs of the northern wooden architecture, the Kizhi ensemble; reproduction of the painting by N. M. Romadin "The Village of Khmelevka". Literary series: A. Tvardovsky "Memories of childhood"; poems by S. Yesenin, N. Yazykov, L. Martynov. M u sical series: recording of folk instrumental melodies. I. Organizational moment. Fool Honor the sciences, love the arts, Take up work without regret. Children! Then noble feelings will find noble soil in you! II. Conversation on the topic of the lesson. Teacher. To find out the topic of the lesson, you need to read the rebus: Pupils (read the topic of the lesson). The village is a wooden world. Teacher. Today we will visit the Russian village, get acquainted with various types of huts, we will admire the beauty of wooden temple architecture. A recording of an instrumental Russian folk melody sounds. The teacher reads an excerpt from the memories of A. Tvardovsky's childhood: “For most people, the feeling of the motherland in the broad sense - the native country, the fatherland - is also complemented by the feeling of the small, original homeland in the sense of native places, fatherland, district, city or village. This small homeland with its own special appearance, with its most modest and unpretentious beauty, appears to a person in childhood, at the time of life-long impressions of a childish soul, and with it, this separate and personal homeland, he comes over the years to that big homeland, that embraces all the small and in its great whole is one for all. Where does the homeland begin? Students. From a house, street, village or city, that is, from a small homeland. Teacher. Thin birches, Russian huts and vegetable gardens, surrounded by a simple wattle fence - all this is so close and dear. This is all a small homeland, about which N. M. Romadin. Nikolai Mikhailovich Romadin was born in 1903 in the family of a railway worker. The artist writes: “My childhood was full of hardships and adventures. No benefits could make my father live and work peacefully in one place ... He traveled almost all the cities of Russia. From the age of eleven, Nikolai Romadin began to earn money himself and help a large family. He studied and worked at the same time - he was a newspaper seller, a bookbinder, and then a baker. As a young man, he volunteered for the Red Guard to defend the gains of the October Revolution. Romadin received his art education in Moscow, at the Vkhutemas (higher artistic and technical workshops). He painted a lot of landscape paintings. All of them speak of the artist's deep love for Russian nature with its wide expanses, deep rivers, hills and forests. The teacher invites students to consider the landscape "The Village of Khmelevka" by N. M. Romadin. QUESTIONS ABOUT THE CARTIN: – What feelings does this picture give you? - Where is the village of Khmelevka located? What season is shown in the picture? Can we say that these are the golden days of autumn? Why? - Compare the color of the autumn forest with the color of the water, the coast and the sky. What mood is expressed in this picture? Why did the color of the far bank of the river change? Can we say that the landscape is illuminated by the sun? Why? - How is the image of Russian nature and the image of the Russian village connected? What is your overall impression of the picture? Teacher. The artistic language of the painting "The Village of Khmelevka" is very expressive. On the banks of the Volga, the large village of Khmelevka is picturesquely spread out, freely located among the wide Russian expanses. The beam descending to the river reveals the blue expanse of the Volga, the distant banks, accentuated by haze, merge with the horizon. There is a farewell time when the golden autumn comes to replace the summer. The trees are still in their crimson yellow robes, but the leaves have already thinned out and, falling, cover the browned earth. The breath of autumn gives rise to sad feelings about something past and irretrievably lost. Closer to the river, the forest is denser with golden brown crowns. The blue-gray huts, covered in places with plank, and in places with straw, scattered along the slopes of the beam, leave the impression of some kind of lonely and tender bitterness. The village is quiet, almost deserted, only two women are slowly walking along the slope. And yet the landscape of the picture speaks of the life of courageous and hardworking people in a difficult time for the Motherland - the war with Nazi Germany. Through the disturbingly lyrical perception of nature, the artist expresses his ardent love for the Russian people. The landscape is imbued with a deep sense of nature. He is laconic, nothing here distracts attention to particulars. There is a lot of air and light in the picture. The sun is soft, without shine, but clearly illuminates the village and the surrounding landscape. The sky is clear and clear, without a single cloud. The expanse of the Volga, its power and greatness are in tune with the thoughts of the freedom of the Russian people. The artist, as it were, says with a picture: the Volga cannot put up with the enemies of the invaders of the Russian land. Here she is, the beautiful Volga, turning blue in the distance, so calm and majestic, severe and impregnable. The picture organically merged Russian nature and the life of the village of Khmelevka. During the years of military trials, huts, gardens surrounded by a simple wattle fence, and lonely birch trees, a young shrub, a majestic river are united by a common mood - sadness and sadness. So the artist showed the unity and harmonious connection of Russian nature and Russian people. III. An artistic word about the native land, about the Russian village. Students read poems prepared at home. Beloved edge! The heart dreams of Stacks of the sun in the waters of the womb. I would like to get lost In the greenery of your callous. S. Yesenin Unspeakable, blue, gentle ... . Quiet is my land after storms, after thunderstorms, And my soul - a boundless field - Breathes the smell of honey and roses. This street is familiar to me, And this low house is familiar. Wires blue straw Overturned under the window. I see a garden in blue specks, Quietly August lay down on the wattle fence. They hold lindens in their green paws Birds' hubbub and chirping. I love this wooden house, Formidable power glimmered in the logs, Our stove somehow wildly and strangely Howled on a rainy night. The voice is loud and the sob is loud, As about someone dead, alive. What did he see, brick camel, In the howl of the rain? The light of the moon, mysterious and long, The willows are crying, the poplars are whispering. But no one under the cry of a crane will fall out of love with his father's fields. And now, when here's a new light And life touched my fate, I still remained a poet of the Golden log hut. S. Yesenin My friend, what could be sweeter than the priceless native land? There the sun seems brighter, There the golden spring is more joyful, The light breeze is cooler, The flowers are fragrant, the hills are greener there, The stream sounds sweeter there, The nightingale sings louder there. N. Yazykov What feeling unites these works of art and the painting by N. M. Romadin “The Village of Khmelevka?” Students. A sense of pride and love for the Motherland, for Russian nature and the Russian people. Fiz k u l t m and n u t k a Zhurazhurazhuravel! He flew over a hundred lands. (Wave your arms.) He flew around, went around, Wings, worked his legs. (Walking on the spot.) We asked the crane: - Where is the best land? He answered, flying: - There is no better native land! (Circular rotation of the head.) IV. Acquaintance with wooden temple architecture. The teacher demonstrates photographs of northern wooden architecture and the Kizhi ensemble. Teacher. Beautiful Russian North. This is the land of dense forests, endless lakes and clean clear rivers. From time immemorial, villages, monasteries and towns have been built here. The North was famous for its skilled carpenters. Forests in abundance supplied the most affordable material for construction - wood. The main tool in the hands of the master was an ax. With his help, they left peasant huts, churches, boyar mansions. Russian masters were able to build in such a way that the creations of their hands seemed inseparable from the surrounding nature. A miracle is called the Church of the Transfiguration, which stands on the island of Kizhi in Lake Onega. You look at it and it seems that you are in a fairy tale. As if the master carved the temple from one whole piece of wood. There are no nails in the building! Everything is light, weightless, openwork: and 22 domes, similar to onions, and porches with chiseled columns. Here's what the legend says. The master built the Church of the Transfiguration, and he threw his ax into Lake Onega, saying: “There was not and will not be any more!” V. Independent work of students. 1. Repetition of the constituent parts of the Russian hut: log house - part of the building, consisting of four or more walls of a log structure; releases - the ends of the logs protruding from the log house, supporting the overhangs of roofs, porches; roof - the upper part of the building, which serves as its covering and protection from the weather; ridge - the upper junction of two roof slopes, this junction is covered with a hollowed-out log - frosting; prichelina - a board that closes the ends of the roofing slabs, it is usually covered with carvings, this is an integral part of plank roofs; towel - a short carved board covering the junction of the berths; ridge - a carved board standing on the ridge of the roof along its entire length; forehead (forehead) - the upper part of the building under the roof; frontal board - closing the transition of the wall logs to the boards of the pediment of the hut, usually covered with carvings; platband - a decorative frame of the "face" of the hut - a door or window opening. 2. Group work. In a playful way, a panel depicting a Russian village is made by a group of children on large sheets of gouache. Before starting the task, the teacher pays attention to the most difficult task - the transfer of space, perspective. drawing the attention of the class to the demonstration tablet, on which the blanks of the huts are located (made by the children in the previous lesson), the problem is solved by joint efforts: how to depict houses more expressively, more naturally, more beautifully, to achieve their harmonious entry into the surrounding nature. Moving the blanks of houses along the plane of the tablet, the children themselves draw a conclusion about the arrangement at which the houses look disconnected. They object to the clear alignment of buildings in a row. As the most successful arrangement, students choose one in which there are near and far houses, some block others, that is, a natural composition is created. As a result, children easily remember the rules that they will rely on when creating panels: houses should block one another; what is further is smaller in size, and what is closer is larger and is located on the sheet below. Structural option. Collective panel "The image of the Russian village" The next difficult task is the color solution of the panel. Before starting work, the teacher should draw the children's attention to the characteristic color of village huts (silver-gray, golden brown, like fabulous Khokhloma), show color techniques to convey the expressiveness of a log cabin, pay attention to the contrast between the faces of the hut. The teacher lays down wide, horizontal strokes, leaving narrow gaps between them. Adjacent walls are solved in contrast. The teacher recalls the meaning of the terms: Composition (lat. compositio - composition, compilation, connection, connection) - the construction of a work of art, due to its content, purpose, location and interconnection of its parts that form a single whole. Perspective (fr. perspective) - in the visual arts, a way of depicting three-dimensional bodies on a plane. VI. Summary of the lesson. Express exhibition, evaluation of works. A prepared student reads a poem. NAMES OF THE MASTERS Geniuses of the Old Architecture - People of unclear fate! What is your name and patronymic, Designer of the hut, Whose hand sketched out its modest estimate? From logs planed, hewn Your glorious name! Why didn’t you cut the name Though in the curlicues of the carving? Lord save me! Do I expect boasting: Here is your hut, God's paradise - and that's all! What do you care about our names? You are modest, you pretend, Architect of forgotten times, Creator of a five-walled frame, Its mica windows, You who preceded Bazhenov, his Vesnin brothers! Leonid Martynov Cleaning jobs. Homework: pick up reproductions of paintings depicting the image of a Russian woman.
This work will serve as a good visualization in immersing students in the material being studied. From historical origins to the well-known Russian village, we are brought slide by slide. The evolution of the village dwelling is covered in detail. Further, the following methodological material contains information on the construction of a wooden house, which helps to design it in the lessons of technology (artistic work)
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Slides captions:
Presentation "Russian Village" Compiled by: teacher of fine arts Maksimova Zhanna Anatolyevna school No. 411
our Motherland - Rus', Russia our ancestors - Slavs
Narrator Bayan
chronicler
A.Khutornoy Chronicler
Saida Afonina. Enlightener Joseph Volokolamsky
Center of education in Rus' - Orthodox monasteries
Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra Holy Dormition Kiev-Pechersk Lavra
Great Chronicler - Nestor the Monk
Religion of the ancient Slavs - paganism (polytheism)
World tree (tree of worlds)
The supreme lord of the Universe, the personification of the God of the Family. The name Svarog comes from the Old Slavonic root "sva" - the sky ("light, holy") and "horn" - a symbol of the masculine principle. Svarog
Perun - God of the ancient Slavs (Yarilo)
V.I.Filyakin Bereginya
Makosh - Earth - personifies the feminine principle of nature and is the wife of Svarog. The expression Mother - Earth, a modern version of the name of the ancient Slavic goddess The symbol of Mokosh in embroidery
Makoshi's daughters
Bird Gamayun-messenger of the gods, V. Korolkov telling people the future
Birds Sirin and Alkonost V.M.Vasnetsov 1896
people worshiped the gods consulted with them, brought offerings
swore military loyalty and courage
their idols stood everywhere Chugriev V.Yu. Slavic village
About the gods composed myths and legends
In honor of the gods, festivities were organized Lebedev K.V. Night on Ivan Kupala
So it was until Prince Vladimir brought the Christian Orthodox Faith to Rus'
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down with idols
Viktor Vasnetsov. The Baptism of Prince Vladimir Frescoes in the Vladimir Cathedral
Viktor Vasnetsov. Baptism of Rus' Frescoes of Vladimir Cathedral
Stanislav Babyuk. The overthrow of Perun
Slavic settlement
The Slavs lived in tribal communities, settlements, villages, cities.
The Slavs surrounded their settlements with the walls of Gardarik
They built on a hill so that they were nearby -
forest and river
Such Slavs represented the river
Boris Olshansky
Good bad places
Unkind - were considered places of old conflagrations
Places with distorted trees
Places with distorted trees
Places with strange
scary trees
For the settlement, they chose bright "clean" places without notoriety
Panasenko. Motherland
What does it cost us to build a house!
For the construction it was important to take the "right" tree
They believed that the trees are alive, everyone sees and hears
Mighty, old trees were not cut down
The Slavs believed that the souls of the wise men lived in them.
It was impossible to cut down young, growing trees
What tree species were used to build the house?
Shishkin I. Oak Grove
Shishkin I. Birch Grove
Shishkin I. Tops of pines
Shishkin I. Spruce forest
Before cutting down a tree, they bowed to him, asked his forgiveness and explained the need for a log house.
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Russian village
The center and soul of every village, every village is the church - the temple of God
Wooden houses were built simple - one-story and more complex, two-story
Archaeological excavations provide the most interesting and reliable information about the life of the settlements of our ancient and not very distant ancestors.
Trinity excavation, 12th century. Novgorod
Yuryevo settlement Novgorod Museums of wooden architecture
The Slavs arranged their first houses in the ground (dugouts)
A dugout without walls and with a stove
A dugout with walls, a roof and an adobe stove with a brazier
The walls and roof of the dugout are being strengthened
The house got out of the ground, a portage window and a porch appear
The roof structure is improved, the foundation is strengthened, the window is enlarged
From the memories of A. Tvardovsky's childhood: “Most people have a sense of homeland in the broad sense - their native country, homeland - is complemented by a sense of a small, original homeland in the sense of their native places, fatherland, district, city or village. This small homeland with its own special appearance, with its most modest and unpretentious beauty, appears to a person in childhood at the time of life-long impressions of a childish soul, and with it, this separate and personal homeland, he comes over the years to that big homeland that embraces all the small ones and in its great whole is one for all. “For most people, the feeling of the motherland in the broad sense - the native country, fatherland - is supplemented by the feeling of the homeland of the small, original, motherland in the sense of native places, fatherland, district, city or village. This small homeland with its own special appearance, with its most modest and unpretentious beauty, appears to a person in childhood at the time of life-long impressions of a childish soul, and with it, this separate and personal homeland, he comes over the years to that big homeland that embraces all the small ones and in its great whole is one for all.
My village stands on a sloping hill, My village stands on a sloping hill, A spring with cold water is at hand from us. Everything around me is gratifying, I know the taste of water, I love everything in my native land with my soul and body ... I will see a lot - after all, life is still long, And there is probably more than one road waiting for me; And only wherever I am, and no matter what I do, - You are in my memory and in my heart, dear side! G. Tukay G. Tukay
The author of the presentation Sharipova Alfina Kasimovna - a teacher of fine arts; Sharipova Alfina Kasimovna - teacher of fine arts; MOU "Bardym secondary school 2"; MOU "Bardym secondary school 2"; The highest category; The highest category; Teaching experience - 23 years; Teaching experience - 23 years;
Lesson type: combined.
Goals:
- Introduction to the origins of native art.
- Formation of aesthetic ideas about Russian wooden architecture.
- The development of creative abilities in creating an artistic image.
Tasks:
- To acquaint with the traditional image of the Russian village, the design of the house.
- Learn to portray the image of the hut.
- To give an idea of the traditional decorations of the hut and their meaning.
Equipment: presentations, illustrations, drawings, art supplies.
Lesson plan:
I. Organizational part:
Check readiness for the lesson.
II. Knowledge update:
From time immemorial in Rus', people lived in harmony with nature. The earth is not only the beauty of nature, it retains deep traces of the events of human life.
How were settlements built in Rus'?
Villages were built along the rivers, on hills with white churches on their tops, with domes burning in the sun and bells ringing far away. The huts were built from hewn, unpainted logs, which on a cloudy day looked like silver, and in the sun - like warm, luminous honey. All these are signs of the promised peace. These settlements were close to nature, decorated it.
But man can spoil nature, and there are many examples of this. The suburbs are built up with various buildings with garden plots that do not meet aesthetic criteria. In the old days, the villages had a certain structure, and carried the experience of centuries-old traditions.
III. Introduction to the topic: "The image of a traditional Russian house"
Master of Construction helps to understand the wisdom of wooden buildings of old Russian architecture. The hut is the structure of the forest region. Masters built mostly without nails, with an ax.
Viewing a presentation "Russian huts" about the beauty of Russian architecture ( Annex 1)
IV. Practical part
Creating the image of the village, you need to keep in mind the wealth of the wooden world: huts, barns, sheds, rigs, baths, mills, wells, churches, chapels, fences, gates.
There were many types of huts: barns, a basement hut with a “tale” (second floor), a porch, a grove (a function, an image of hospitality).
Exercise: Work on the image of a traditional Russian house - a hut.
Viewing the presentation "Village" ( Appendix 2)
Demonstration of work techniques (on the board) with gouache paints, wide horizontal strokes with gaps depict log walls. It is necessary to choose the characteristic color of the tree: silver-gray, golden brown. Adjacent walls are solved in contrast. You need to pay attention to the fact that it is better to depict windows after the walls are painted. Carved boards of decorations of the hut are depicted in a contrasting color with a thin brush. In the course of the work, the tasks of depicting space, the coloristic integrity of the image are solved.
V. Summary
Reflection, vernissage.
VI. Exercise: Preparation of art supplies.
