My favorite "Oblomov": Family life of Olga and Stolz. Literature lesson on the topic: "Oblomov and Stolz

Annex 1

Comparative characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz

Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was highly appreciated by critics of the second half of the 19th century. In particular, Belinsky noted that the work was timely and reflected the socio-political thought of the 50-60s of the nineteenth century. Two lifestyles - Oblomov and Stolz - are considered in this article in comparison.

Characteristics of Oblomov

Ilya Ilyich was distinguished by a desire for peace, inaction. Oblomov cannot be called interesting and varied: he used to spend most of the day in thought, lying on the couch. Plunging into these thoughts, he often throughout the day never got up from his bed, did not go out into the street, did not learn the latest news. He did not read newspapers as a matter of principle, so as not to bother himself with unnecessary, and most importantly, meaningless information. Oblomov can be called a philosopher, he is concerned about other issues: not everyday, not momentary, but eternal, spiritual. He looks for meaning in everything.

When looking at him, one gets the impression that he is a happy freethinker, not burdened by the hardships and problems of external life. But life "touches, gets everywhere" Ilya Ilyich, makes him suffer. Dreams remain only dreams, because he does not know how to translate them into real life. Even reading tires him: Oblomov has many books he has begun, but they all remain unread, misunderstood. The soul seems to be dormant in him: he avoids unnecessary anxieties, worries, anxieties. In addition, Oblomov often compares his calm, secluded existence with the lives of other people and finds that it’s not good to live the way others live: “When to live?”

This is what constitutes the ambiguous image of Oblomov. "Oblomov" (Goncharov I.A.) was created in order to describe the personality of this character - uncommon and extraordinary in his own way. He is not alien to impulses and deep emotional experiences. Oblomov is a true dreamer with a poetic, sensitive nature.

Stolz characteristic

Oblomov's way of life can in no way be compared with Stolz's worldview. The reader first meets this character in the second part of the work. Andrei Stoltz loves everything in order: his day is scheduled by the hour and minute, dozens of important things are planned that need to be urgently redone. Today he is in Russia, tomorrow, you see, he has already unexpectedly gone abroad. What Oblomov finds boring and meaningless is important and significant for him: trips to cities, villages, intentions to improve the quality of life of those around him.

He opens in his soul such treasures that Oblomov cannot even guess. Stolz's way of life consists entirely in activities that feed his whole being with the energy of cheerfulness. In addition, Stolz is a good friend: more than once he helped Ilya Ilyich in business matters. The way of life of Oblomov and Stolz is different from each other.

What is "Oblomovism"?

As a social phenomenon, the concept denotes a focus on an idle, monotonous, devoid of color and any kind of change in life. Andrei Stoltz called "Oblomovism" the very way of life of Oblomov, his desire for endless peace and the absence of any activity. Despite the fact that a friend constantly pushed Oblomov to the opportunity to change the way of existence, he did not budge at all, as if he did not have enough energy to do this. At the same time, we see that Oblomov admits his mistake, uttering the following words: "I have long been ashamed to live in the world." He feels useless, unnecessary and abandoned, and therefore he does not want to dust off the table, sort out books that have been lying there for a month, and leave the apartment once again.

Love in the understanding of Oblomov

Oblomov's way of life did not contribute in any way to the acquisition of real, and not fictitious, happiness. He dreamed and planned more than he actually lived. It is amazing, but in his life there was a place for a quiet rest, philosophical reflections on the essence of being, but there was a lack of strength for decisive action and the implementation of intentions. Love for Olga Ilyinskaya for a while pulls Oblomov out of his usual existence, makes him try new things, start taking care of himself. He even forgets his old habits and sleeps only at night, and goes about his business during the day. But still, love in Oblomov's worldview is directly related to dreams, thoughts and poetry.

Oblomov considers himself unworthy of love: he doubts whether Olga can love him, whether he suits her enough, whether he is capable of making her happiness. Such thoughts lead him to sad thoughts about his useless life.

Love in the understanding of Stolz

Stoltz approaches the issue of love more rationally. He does not indulge in ephemeral dreams in vain, as he soberly looks at life, without fantasy, without the habit of analyzing. Stolz is a business man. He does not need romantic walks in the moonlight, loud declarations of love and sighs on the bench, because he is not Oblomov. Stolz's lifestyle is very dynamic and pragmatic: he proposes to Olga at the moment when he realizes that she is ready to accept him.

What did Oblomov come to?

As a result of protective and cautious behavior, Oblomov misses the opportunity to build a close relationship with Olga Ilyinskaya. His marriage was upset shortly before the wedding - he gathered for too long, explained himself, asked himself, compared, estimated, analyzed Oblomov. The characterization of the image of Oblomov Ilya Ilyich teaches not to repeat the mistakes of an idle, aimless existence, raises the question of what love really is? Is she the object of lofty, poetic aspirations, or is it the calm joy, peace that Oblomov finds in the house of the widow Agafya Pshenitsyna?

Why did Oblomov's physical death occur?

The result of Ilya Ilyich's philosophical reflections is this: he preferred to bury his former aspirations and even lofty dreams in himself. with Olga, his life focused on everyday existence. He knew no greater joy than to eat well and sleep after dinner. Gradually, the engine of his life began to stop, subside: ailments and cases became more frequent. Even his former thoughts left him: there was no longer any place for them in a quiet room that looked like a coffin, in all this sluggish life that lulled Oblomov, more and more away from reality. Mentally, this man was long dead. Physical death was only a confirmation of the falsity of his ideals.

Achievements of Stolz

Stolz, unlike Oblomov, did not miss his chance to become happy: he built family well-being with Olga Ilyinskaya. This marriage was made out of love, in which Stolz did not fly into the clouds, did not stay in destructive illusions, but acted more than reasonably and responsibly.

The way of life of Oblomov and Stolz are diametrically opposed and opposed to each other. Both characters are unique, inimitable and significant in their own way. This may explain the strength of their friendship over the years.

Each of us is close to either the type of Stolz or Oblomov. There is nothing wrong with that, and the coincidences are likely to be only partial. Deep, loving to reflect on the essence of life, most likely, Oblomov's experiences, his restless mental throwing and searching will be understandable. Business pragmatists, who have left romance and poetry far behind, will embody themselves with Stolz.

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Presentation on the topic: Stolz and Oblomov

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Key questions: - Why didn't the author depict Oblomov's miraculous transformation? - How can one help a person achieve harmony with life, learn not to hide, but to open to the world all his intellectual and spiritual wealth? What needs to be done to help a person overcome apathy and return to a full life again? - What did Stoltz intend to do in order to save his friend? To what end did he come? - Why such noble spiritual impulses of Stolz did not lead to the expected result.

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Was the author right in believing that it was precisely such a person as Stolz who was able to save Oblomov? - Could such a person as Stolz awaken Oblomov's soul? - What features did the author endow Andrei Stolz with? Is it possible to consider that the image of Stolz is strictly opposed to the image of Oblomov? Compare the author's description of the way of life of Oblomov and Stolz. 1. How are Oblomov and Stolz opposed to each other? 2. What brings Oblomov and Stolz together?

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“Oblomov, a nobleman by birth, a collegiate secretary with rank, has been living without a break for the twelfth year in St. Petersburg” (1, V). “Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was neither a necessity, like a sick person or a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like a lazy person: this was his normal state” (1.1 ). “Stolz is the same age as Oblomov: and he is already over thirty years old ... He is constantly on the move ...” (2, II) “Stolz was only half German, according to his father; his mother was Russian; he professed the Orthodox faith; his natural speech was Russian...” (2.1) “He walked firmly, cheerfully; lived on a budget, trying to spend every day, like every ruble, with every minute, never dormant control of wasted time, labor, strength of soul and heart. It seems that he controlled both sorrows and joys like the movement of his hands, like the steps of his feet, or how he dealt with bad and good weather ”(2, II).

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“He kept getting ready and getting ready to start life, kept drawing in his mind the pattern of his future; but with each year that flashed over his head, he had to change and discard something in this pattern. Life in his eyes was divided into two halves: one consisted of work and boredom - these were synonyms for him; the other - from peace and peaceful fun "(1, V). “But he himself walked and walked stubbornly along the chosen path. They did not see him ponder over something painfully and painfully; apparently he was not devoured by the pangs of a weary heart; he did not get sick with his soul, he never got lost in difficult, difficult or new circumstances, but approached them as if he were former acquaintances, as if he lived a second time, passed familiar places ”(2, II). 1. Oblomov has been living in the same city for more than 12 years without a break, and his main occupation is lying down; Stolz is "constantly on the move." Oblomov was just getting ready and preparing to start life, Stolz "was walking and walking stubbornly along the chosen road." Oblomov was just creating in your imagination a picture of the future life; Stolz did everything deliberately and confidently, “as if he lived a second time.” 2. Oblomov and Stolz are peers, belong to the same social stratum.

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Oblomov and Stolz: relationship with parents -Compare the nature of the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz with their parents. 1. How are Oblomov and Stolz opposed to each other? (1, IX, 1, IX, 2,1) 2. What brings Oblomov and Stolz together? 1. Oblomov almost did not know male education; Stolz's father, on the contrary, strove to make a real man out of his son, he was a supporter of harsh methods of education and did not allow his wife to interfere with his communication with Andrei with pity and excessive care. 2. Both Oblomov and Stolz fondly remember their mothers, unable to hold back their tears. Their mothers - an example of tenderness, caring - cherished their sons, sought to protect them from dangers, could not stop looking at their children.

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Oblomov and Stolz: attitude to teaching -Compare the information about the attitude to the teaching of Oblomov and Stolz. How are Oblomov and Stolz opposed to each other? (1, VI ;2,1) 2. What brings Oblomov and Stolz together? 1. Oblomov studied involuntarily, not understanding why this punishment was prepared for him and why he needed this knowledge in life; parents sought to protect their son from hard teaching. Stolz's education was led by his father, gave him responsible assignments and asked him how he would from an adult. Stolz studied well. And soon he began to teach. 2. Both Oblomov and Stolz were provided with the necessary conditions for teaching. They both received a good education, and studied together for many years.

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Oblomov and Stolz: attitude towards service and society. -Compare the information about the attitude of Oblomov and Stolz to the service and role in society. 1. How are Oblomov and Stolz opposed to each other? (1, V; 2, II) 2. What brings Oblomov and Stolz together? 1. Oblomov was alien to the lifestyle that the service demanded from him, as well as the vanity and noise of secular life; he successfully isolated himself from them. Stolz felt confident both in the service and in the world, but he never attached much importance to this. Oblomov does not happen in the world; Stolz, despite his busyness, manages to appear in secular society. 2. Neither Oblomov nor Stolz believed that service or secular society was of particular importance in their lives. Both Oblomov and Stolz are retired.

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Oblomov and Stolz: understanding of love - Compare the nature of the experiences of Oblomov and Stolz in love - How are Oblomov and Stolz opposed to each other? (2,X; ,XI; 3,VI; 4,IV; 4,VII). 1. For Oblomov, love is a shock, a disease, it gives him mental and physical suffering. For Stolz, love is the work of the mind and soul. 2. Both Oblomov and Stolz are gifted with the ability to love deeply, sincerely.

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Conclusion. The author characterizes Stolz as a bright, attractive personality; if Oblomov is lazy, inactive, good-natured, harmless, sensitive, capable of spiritual impulse, indecisive, then Stolz is active, active, kind, benevolent, focused on his goal, immersed in thought, prudent, prudent, quickly makes decisions. The images of Oblomov and Stolz are opposed both in terms of upbringing, and in relation to teaching, and in terms of the perception of love ... However, it cannot be said that a strict opposition lies at the basis of the comparison of these images. The author presented the reader with two bright personalities, the inner world of which is not limited to mutually exclusive characteristics. He draws the reader's attention to the fact that these characters are brought together by their deep attachment to their mother, memories of childhood and youth, the ability to deeply and sincerely love. Obviously, Stolz is exactly the person who could awaken Oblomov's soul.

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Maybe Oblomov was afraid to trust Stolz? - What kind of relationship did Oblomov and Stolz have? Write out the words, phrases of the text that the author characterizes the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz. (I, III; 2, II) Oblomov and Stolz were connected not only by common pages of biography. They cherished each other, were always happy to meet, knew how to appreciate the best qualities and be indulgent to each other's weaknesses. Their relationship is a deep emotional attachment, sincere heartfelt feelings. Oblomov and Stolz needed each other and were grateful to fate for sending them each other. Oblomov trusted Stoltz, believed that he could help him, expected help from him.

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Maybe Stoltz made a mistake in choosing the means to save his friend? - Did Stoltz choose the right means to realize his plan? Stolz, it would seem, calculated everything correctly. Love is a feeling that causes the strongest shocks. If there are still living feelings in the soul of a person, love will not allow them to doze off. Stolz was sure that Olga would charm Oblomov. - Were Stolz's expectations justified? Oblomov and Olga: the awakening of love

1. Childhood impressions and personality traits.
2. Central ideas in worldviews.
3. Debunking myths.

In the novel "Oblomov" A. A. Goncharov created images of two people, each of whom is in many ways a typical representative of a certain circle of people, an exponent of ideas that were close to the corresponding strata of contemporary society. Andrey Stolts and Ilya Oblomov, at first glance, seem to have nothing in common, except for memories of childhood games. And yet, no matter how these characters of Goncharov's novel are assessed, it is impossible to deny that they are connected by sincere, disinterested friendship. What's the matter here? Do the dreamy lazy Oblomov and the prudent businessman Stolz attach so much importance to the past that it continues to unite them in the present, when their paths, in fact, have diverged? After all, many other people met in the life of both of them. But the old friendship, as you can easily see, after reading the novel to the end, will survive even the early death of Oblomov: Stolz willingly takes care of raising the son of a deceased friend.

Indeed, Oblomov and Stolz are strikingly different from each other in their way of life. In Stolz's view, the essence of being lies in movement: "Labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine." Oblomov, having not yet begun any business, is already dreaming of peace, which he already has plenty of: "... Then, in honorable inactivity, enjoy a well-deserved rest ...".

For a while, Oblomov and Stolz were brought up together - in a school that Andrei's father kept. But they came to this school, one might say, from different worlds: the undisturbed, once and for all established order of life in Oblomovka, similar to a long afternoon nap, and the active labor education of a German burgher, interspersed with the lessons of a mother who struggled to instill son love and interest in art. Gentle parents were afraid to let little Oblomov go further than their native porch, and what if something happened to their beloved child: the child was used to living, waving his hand at alluring, but painfully troublesome adventures. Stolz's mother, it should be noted, would have willingly followed the example of Ilya's parents, fortunately, Andrey's father turned out to be a much more practical person and gave his son the opportunity to show independence: “What kind of child if he never broke his nose or another one?”

Both Oblomov's parents and Stolz's parents, of course, had certain ideas about how the life of their children should develop in the future. However, the main difference is that Oblomov was not taught to set goals and go towards them, while Stoltz perceives this need naturally and sensibly - he knows how not only to make choices, but also diligently achieve results: “Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals : this was a sign of character in his eyes, and with this perseverance he never denied people respect, no matter how important their goals were.

It is also important to note how Oblomov and Stolz relate to life in general. According to Oblomov’s own feeling, his existence is more and more like a fruitless wandering in the forest thicket: no path, no ray of sun ... “Someone seemed to have stolen and buried in his own soul the treasures brought to him by the world and life.” Here is one of Oblomov's main miscalculations - he subconsciously seeks to lay responsibility, his failures, his inaction on someone else: on Zakhar, for example, or on fate. And Stolz "attributed the cause of all suffering to himself, and did not hang it like a caftan on someone else's nail," therefore "he enjoyed joy, like a flower plucked along the way, until he wilted in his hands, never drinking the cup to that drop of bitterness which lies at the end of all enjoyment. However, all of the above does not yet shed light on the foundations of strong friendship between people who are so different in their habits and aspirations. Apparently, their sincere, warm attitude to each other is rooted in the fact that both Stolz and Oblomov are inherently worthy people, endowed with many high spiritual qualities. It would seem that Stolz is a business man, he should strive to benefit from everything, but his attitude towards Oblomov is devoid of any calculations. He is sincerely trying to get his friend out of the swamp of apathy and inactivity, since Stolz is sincerely convinced that the existence that Oblomov leads is slowly but surely destroying him. As a man of action, Stolz always takes an active part in Oblomov's fate: he introduces his friend to Olga, he suppresses the intrigues of Tarantiev and Ivan Matveevich, he puts Oblomov's estate in order, and finally, he takes on the upbringing of his son who died early friend. Stolz strives to the best of his ability to do everything to change Oblomov's life for the better. Of course, for this it would first be necessary to change the nature of Ilya Ilyich, but this is only within the power of God. And it is not Stolz's fault that most of his efforts were in vain.

We can say that in Stolz everything that sleeps in Oblomov has reached a high degree of development: his realization in business, his susceptibility to art and beauty, his personality. This, as well as Andrei's sincere, benevolent attitude, of course, resonates in the soul of Ilya, who, despite his laziness, has not lost his spiritual nobility. Of course, we see that Ilya Ilyich is ready to trust everyone around him: the scoundrel Tarantiev, the chicane Ivan Matveyevich Pshenitsyn. At the same time, he trusts Andrei, a childhood friend, incomparably more - Stolz is really worthy of this trust.

However, in literary criticism and the minds of many readers, there are still myths regarding the positive and negative in the images of Oblomov and Stolz. The unambiguity of such myths leads to the fact that Stolz is often interpreted as a negative hero, whose main interest lies in acquiring money, while Oblomov is almost proclaimed a national hero. If you read the novel carefully, it is easy to notice the inferiority and injustice of this approach. The very fact of Stolz's friendship with Oblomov, the constant help that the allegedly heartless businessman tries to provide to his friend, should completely dispel the myth that Stolz is an anti-hero. At the same time, Oblomov’s kindness, “pigeon tenderness” and daydreaming, which, of course, evoke sympathy for this character, should not obscure from readers the unsightly aspects of his existence: inability to organize himself, useless projecting and aimless apathy.

No matter how we treat the heroes of Goncharov's novel Oblomov, we must remember that the author created images of living people, in whose characters, of course, there are various qualities, both worthy and those that may not seem so to us. And yet, one should not turn a blind eye to the fact that it is Stolz, who is sometimes regarded as a not too noble person, who works, benefits himself and others, while Oblomov not only does not suit the life of the peasants who depend on him, but also himself sometimes it's a burden.

Introduction

Goncharov's work "Oblomov" is a socio-psychological novel built on the literary method of antithesis. The principle of opposition can be traced both when comparing the characters of the main characters, and their basic values ​​and life path. Comparison of the way of life of Oblomov and Stolz in the novel "Oblomov" allows us to better understand the ideological intent of the work, to understand the reasons for the tragedy of the fates of both heroes.

Features of the lifestyle of heroes

The central character of the novel is Oblomov. Ilya Ilyich is afraid of life's difficulties, does not want to do or decide anything. Any difficulty and the need to act cause sadness in the hero and plunge him even more into an apathetic state. That is why Oblomov, after the first failure in the service, no longer wanted to try his hand at a career field and took refuge from the outside world on his favorite sofa, trying not only not to leave the house, but not even get out of bed unless absolutely necessary. The way of life of Ilya Ilyich is similar to a slow dying - both spiritual and physical. The personality of the hero is gradually degrading, and he himself is completely immersed in illusions and dreams that are not destined to come true.

Stolz, on the contrary, is spurred on by difficulties, any mistake for him is just an excuse to move on, achieving more. Andrei Ivanovich is in constant motion - business trips, meetings with friends and social evenings are an integral part of his life. Stolz looks at the world soberly and rationally, there are no surprises, illusions and strong shocks in his life, because he calculated everything in advance and understands what to expect in each specific situation.

The lifestyle of heroes and their childhood

The development and formation of the images of Oblomov and Stolz is shown by the author from the earliest years of the heroes. Their childhood, youthful and mature years proceed differently, they are instilled with different values ​​and life orientations, which only emphasizes the dissimilarity of the characters.

Oblomov grew like a greenhouse plant, fenced off from the possible influences of the outside world. Parents spoiled little Ilya in every possible way, indulged his desires, were ready to do everything to make their son happy and satisfied. The very atmosphere of Oblomovka, the hero's native estate, requires special attention. Slow, lazy and poorly educated villagers considered work to be something like a punishment. Therefore, they tried in every possible way to avoid it, and if they had to work, they worked reluctantly, without any inspiration or desire. Naturally, this could not but affect Oblomov, who from an early age absorbed the love of an idle life, absolute idleness, when Zakhar can always do everything for you - as lazy and slow as his master. Even when Ilya Ilyich finds himself in a new, urban environment, he does not want to change his lifestyle and start working intensively. Oblomov simply closes himself off from the outside world and creates in his imagination a certain idealized prototype of Oblomovka, in which he continues to “live”.

Stolz's childhood goes differently, which is primarily due to the roots of the hero - a strict German father tried to raise a worthy bourgeois from his son, who could achieve everything in life on his own, without fear of any work. The refined mother of Andrei Ivanovich, on the contrary, wanted her son to achieve a brilliant secular reputation in society, so from an early age she instilled in him a love of books and arts. All this, as well as the evenings and receptions regularly held at the Stoltsev estate, influenced little Andrey, forming an extroverted, educated and purposeful personality. The hero was interested in everything new, he knew how to confidently move forward, therefore, after graduating from the university, he easily took his place in society, becoming an indispensable person for many. Unlike Oblomov, who perceived any activity as an aggravating necessity (even university studies or reading a long book), for Stolz his activity was an impulse for further personal, social and career development.

Similarities and differences in the lifestyle of heroes

If the differences in the lifestyles of Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolz are noticeable and obvious almost immediately, correlating respectively as a passive, leading to degradation lifestyle and an active one, aimed at comprehensive development, then their similarities are visible only after a detailed analysis of the characters. Both heroes are "superfluous" people for their era, they both do not live in the present, and therefore are in constant search of themselves and their true happiness. The introverted, slow Oblomov clings with all his might to his past, to the "heavenly", idealized Oblomovka - a place where he will always feel good and calm.

Stoltz, on the other hand, strives exclusively for the future. He perceives his past as a valuable experience and does not try to cling to it. Even their friendship with Oblomov is full of unrealizable plans for the future - about how you can transform the life of Ilya Ilyich, make it more vivid and real. Stolz is always one step ahead, so it is difficult for him to be an ideal husband for Olga (however, Oblomov's "extra" nature in the novel also becomes an obstacle to developing relations with Olga).

Such isolation from others and inner loneliness, which Oblomov fills with illusions, and Stolz with thoughts of work and self-improvement, become the basis of their friendship. The characters unconsciously see in each other the ideal of their own existence, while completely denying their friend’s lifestyle, considering it either too active and saturated (Oblomov was upset even by the fact that he had to walk for a long time in boots, and not in his usual soft slippers), or excessively lazy and inactive (at the end of the novel, Stolz says that it was the “Oblomovism” that ruined Ilya Ilyich).

Conclusion

On the example of the way of life of Oblomov and Stolz, Goncharov showed how the fates of people who come from the same social stratum, but who received a different upbringing, can differ. Depicting the tragedy of both characters, the author shows that a person cannot live hiding from the whole world in an illusion or giving himself excessively to others, up to mental exhaustion - in order to be happy, it is important to find harmony between these two directions.

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