The shortest biography of Solzhenitsyn. Brief Biography of A.I.

Born in 1918 in Kislovodsk, in a Cossack family. Father, Isaakiy Semenovich, died on a hunt six months before the birth of his son. Mother - Taisiya Zakharovna Shcherbak - from a family of a wealthy landowner. In 1925 (some sources indicate 1924), the family moved to Rostov-on-Don. In 1939, Solzhenitsyn entered the correspondence department of the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature, and History (some sources indicate literary courses at Moscow State University). In 1941 Alexander Solzhenitsyn graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Rostov University (entered in 1936).

In October 1941 he was drafted into the army, and in 1942, after studying at the artillery school in Kostroma, he was sent to the front as the commander of a sound reconnaissance battery. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War 2nd class and the Order of the Red Star. On February 9, 1945, for criticizing the actions of I.V. Stalin in personal letters to his childhood friend Nikolai Vitkevich, Captain Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn was arrested and on July 27 was sentenced to 8 years in labor camps. He stayed in the camps from 1945 to 1953 in New Jerusalem near Moscow; in the so-called sharashka - a secret research institute in the village of Marfino near Moscow; in 1950-1953 he was imprisoned in one of the Kazakh camps. In February 1953 he was released without the right to reside in the European part of the USSR and sent to an eternal settlement (1953-1956); lived in the village of Kok-Terek, Dzhambul region (Kazakhstan).

On February 3, 1956, by decision of the Supreme Court of the USSR, Alexander Solzhenitsyn was rehabilitated and moved to Ryazan. Worked as a mathematics teacher. In 1962, in the journal Novy Mir, by special permission of N.S. Russian writer, public figure. Alexander Solzhenitsyn was born on December 11 Khrushchev published the first story of Alexander Solzhenitsyn - One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich (altered at the request of the editors the story Shch-854. One day of one convict). The story was nominated for the Lenin Prize, which caused active resistance from the communist authorities. In September 1965, Solzhenitsyn's archive fell into the State Security Committee (KGB) and, by order of the authorities, further publication of his works in the USSR was stopped; the already published works were removed from libraries, and new books began to be published through samizdat channels and abroad. In November 1969 Solzhenitsyn was expelled from the Writers' Union. In 1970, Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn won the Nobel Prize in Literature, but refused to travel to Stockholm for the award ceremony, fearing that the authorities would not let him back to the USSR. In 1974, after the book The Gulag Archipelago was published in Paris (in the USSR, one of the manuscripts was confiscated by the KGB in September 1973, and in December 1973 it was published in Paris), the dissident writer was arrested.

On February 12, 1974, a trial took place Alexander Solzhenitsyn was found guilty of high treason, deprived of his citizenship and sentenced to deportation from the USSR the next day. Since 1974, Solzhenitsyn lived in Germany, in Switzerland (Zurich), since 1976 - in the USA (near the city of Cavendish, Vermont). Despite the fact that Solzhenitsyn lived in the United States for about 20 years, he did not ask for American citizenship. He rarely spoke with representatives of the press and the public, which is why he was known as a Vermont recluse. He criticized both the Soviet order and American reality. For 20 years of emigration in Germany, the USA and France, he published a large number of works. In the USSR, Solzhenitsyn's works began to be published only from the end of the 1980s. In 1989, in the journal Novy Mir, the first official publication of excerpts from the novel The Gulag Archipelago took place. On August 16, 1990, by decree of the President of the USSR, the Soviet citizenship of Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn was restored. In 1990 Solzhenitsyn was awarded the State Prize for his book The Gulag Archipelago. May 27, 1994 the writer returned to Russia. In 1997 he was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation. He died on August 3, 2008 at his dacha in Troitse-Lykovo.

Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn(1918-2008) - Soviet writer, historian, politician. For most of his life he opposed communist ideas and the political structure of the USSR.

Was born December 11, 1918 in the city of Kislovodsk. His father died before his son was born. The impoverished family moved to Rostov-on-Don in 1924, where Alexander went to school.

After leaving school, he entered the Physics and Mathematics Department of Rostov University. The study of exact sciences did not distract from literary exercises.

In 1939, Alexander entered the Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History of Moscow, but interrupted his studies because of the war.

In 1941 he graduated from Rostov University. A year before that, he married Reshetkovskaya.

With the beginning of the war, despite poor health, he rushed to the front. After a vocation and a year of service, he was sent to the Kostroma Military School, where he received the rank of lieutenant.

Since 1943 he was the commander of a sound reconnaissance battery. For military services he was awarded two honorary orders, later became a senior lieutenant, then a captain. Solzhenitsyn wrote various literary works about this period.

He was critical of Stalin's policies, and in his letters to his friend Vitkevich he condemned the distorted interpretation of Leninism. For this he was arrested, sentenced to 8 years in the camps. During the years of condemnation, he wrote “Love the Revolution”, “In the First Circle”, “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”, “Tanks Know the Truth”.

A year before his release (in 1953), Solzhenitsyn was diagnosed with cancer. After he was sent into exile in South Kazakhstan. In 1956, the writer was released, he settled in the Vladimir region. There he met his ex-wife, who divorced him before his release, and remarried.

Solzhenitsyn's publications, saturated with anger at the party's mistakes, were criticized, banned, removed from libraries, and new books began to appear through samizdat channels and abroad.

In November 1969 Solzhenitsyn was expelled from the Writers' Union.

In 1970, Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn won the Nobel Prize in Literature, but refused to travel to Stockholm for the award ceremony, fearing that the authorities would not let him back to the USSR.

Because of the novel The Gulag Archipelago, Solzhenitsyn was accused of high treason, deprived of his citizenship and sentenced to expulsion from the USSR the next day.

From 1974 Solzhenitsyn lived in Germany, in Switzerland (Zurich), from 1976 - in the USA (he lived in Vermont for 20 years).

For 20 years of emigration in Germany, the USA and France, he published a large number of works. In the USSR, Solzhenitsyn's works began to be published only from the end of the 1980s.

In 1989, in the journal Novy Mir, the first official publication of excerpts from the novel The Gulag Archipelago took place. On August 16, 1990, by decree of the President of the USSR, the Soviet citizenship of Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn was restored.

In 1990 Solzhenitsyn was awarded the State Prize for his book The Gulag Archipelago.

May 27, 1994 the writer returned to Russia. In 1997 he was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation. Died August 3rd in 2008 as a result of heart failure.

Disputes and discussions of Solzhenitsyn's biography and his work continue even now, ten years after his death. For some, he is a moral guide, a great artist and freedom fighter. Someone will call him a distorter of history and an outstanding traitor to the Motherland. The stratum of neutral, indifferent or who have not heard anything about Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn is very thin. Isn't this evidence that we are talking about an extraordinary person.

School and University

When a person has an eventful biography, like Solzhenitsyn's, it is not easy to summarize it briefly. There are many secret pages, incomprehensible turns of events that biographers and journalists interpret to their taste, and Alexander Isaevich himself did not seek to clarify and comment.

He was born a hundred years ago, in 1918, on the eleventh of December in Kislovodsk. While still a schoolboy, he showed himself as a creative person - he studied in a drama circle, wrote articles, read a lot. At the same time, he studied at two universities: Rostov on physics and mathematics and the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History (he managed to complete two courses in absentia).

During his studies (1940) he married Natalya Reshetovskaya (Natalya Svetlova will become his second wife in 1973). Conceived and began to create a series of literary works about the revolution in Russia. The work was interrupted with the onset of the war.

War time

In the forty-first year, the war began - in Solzhenitsyn's biography, the most important event that directed his life, like the life of the entire Soviet state, was not at all in the direction that was planned. He managed to finish the university and was sent to the service. Passed military training at the Kostroma Artillery School. Was awarded:

• Order of the Patriotic War of the second degree;
• Order of the Red Star.

Toward the end of the war, he created projects for the removal of Stalin from the leadership of the state. He shared his thoughts on how to do this in letters with his acquaintances, for which he was arrested. This information is from the book of his first wife, Natalya Reshetovskaya. It is not taken for granted by everyone: everyone knew that the content of officers' letters was under censorship control.

Work in the "sharashka"

The first arrest happened at the end of the war, in February 1945. Army captain, sound intelligence battalion commander Solzhenitsyn was sent to the Lubyanka. In July of the same year, he was sentenced to eight years in the camps and exile for life. As a specialist in sound-measuring instruments, he was assigned to a "sharashka" - a closed design bureau (design bureau).

In two years, from the forty-fifth to the forty-seventh, he was transferred five times from one institution to another. Of particular interest is the design bureau located in Marfino. This is one of the most closed pages of Solzhenitsyn's biography: the Marfina "eighth laboratory" developed secret communication systems. It is believed that it was here that the presidential "nuclear suitcase" was created. The prototype of Rubin (“In the First Circle”), Lev Kopelev, also worked here, doing technical translations of foreign literature.

At this time, the youthful idea of ​​writing about the revolution was transformed: if he managed to get out, a series of his novels would be devoted to life in the camps.

There are a number of publications that mention that Solzhenitsyn was an informant in the camp. However, intelligible evidence or refutation of this is not presented.

After Stalin's death

In the fifty-third year, Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn's biography makes another deadly loop - he is diagnosed with an oncological disease. After radiation therapy, stomach cancer was cured, and the nightmarish memories of that time were reflected in the work "Cancer Ward". Its publication in 1967 in the Novy Mir magazine was banned, and in 1968 the story was published abroad. It has been translated into all European languages, and was first published in 1990 at home.

After Stalin's death, Solzhenitsyn was released, but did not have the right to move to the European part of the country. Lived in Kazakhstan. Three years later, rehabilitation followed, which allowed him to leave Kazakhstan and settle in the Ryazan region. There he worked as a school teacher, taught mathematics. He married again Natalya Reshetovskaya, whom he divorced while in prison. He spent a lot of time in nature and wrote his "Tiny".

What is "Tiny"

Charming and wise are Solzhenitsyn's "Krokhotki" - short observations filled with philosophical meaning. He called them poems in prose, since each such miniature of several paragraphs contains a complete, deep thought and evokes an emotional response from the reader. The works were composed during the author's cycling trips.

"Tiny" was created over two years and correlates with the period 1958-1960 in Solzhenitsyn's biography: briefly, most importantly, and touching the very soul. Just during this period, in parallel with the "Tiny", the most famous works were being written - "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" and "The Gulag Archipelago" (beginning of work). In Russia, poems in prose were not accepted for publication, they were known through samizdat. They were published only abroad, in the sixty-fourth year in Frankfurt (the magazine "Frontiers", number fifty-six).

"Ivan Denisovich"

A significant and symbolic fact of Solzhenitsyn's biography is the first publication of his work in the open press. This is One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. The story, which appeared in Novy Mir in 1962, made a stunning impression on the reading audience. Lydia Chukovskaya, for example, wrote that the material itself, the courage of its presentation, as well as the skill of the writer are amazing.

There is another opinion - Solzhenitsyn received the Nobel Prize in 1970 undeservedly. The main argument "for" was not the literary talent of the author, but the fact of his dissidence.

Initially, the work had a slightly different look and the name “Sch-854. One day for one convict. The editors asked for a redo. Some biographers are convinced that the reason for the appearance of the story in the press is not editorial changes, but a special order from N. S. Khrushchev as part of the exposing anti-Stalinist campaign.

Who is Russia based on?

By 1963, two more literary masterpieces of Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn were created - the biography and the list of works will be replenished with "The Incident at the Kochetovka Station" and "Matryona Dvor". The last piece was handed over to Alexander Tvardovsky for editing by Novy Mir at the end of 1961. It did not pass the first discussion in the magazine, Tvardovsky did not dare to publish it. However, in his diary, he noted that he was dealing with a true writer, far from trying to impress, but striving to express his own vision.

After the impressive appearance in the press of "Ivan Denisovich" and his success, an attempt is made to discuss the story for the second time: the editors insisted on changing the year in which the plot of the story develops and its original title "There is no village without a righteous man." The new name was proposed by Tvardovsky himself. In the sixty-third year, the publication took place. Matrenin Dvor was published in the magazine along with The Incident at the Kochetovka Station under the general heading Two Stories.

The public outcry was extraordinary, just like after Ivan Denisovich. Critical disputes raged for almost a year, after which the author's works disappeared from the Soviet press for decades. The re-publication of Matryona Dvor took place only in 1989 in Ogonyok, and the author did not give consent to it. The "pirate" circulation was huge - more than three million copies.

An almost documentary story was created by Alexander Solzhenitsyn - a brief biography of the main character given in the work is genuine. Her prototype was called Matrena Zakharova. She died in 1957, and a museum was opened in her hut in 2013.

According to Andrey Sinyavsky's vision, "Matryona's Dvor" is a fundamental work of "village literature". This thing poignantly resonates, for example, with documentaries about Russia by Leonid Parfyonov, or with the works of Vasil Bykov. The fundamental idea that Russia rests only on the patience and dedication of older people, mostly women, inspires palpable hopelessness. It is modern to this day.

Period of persecution

After 1964, the curve of Solzhenitsyn's biography goes down sharply. Khrushchev, who patronized the writer, was removed. Part of Solzhenitsyn's archive falls into the hands of the KGB (1965). Works that have already been published are removed from the library fund. In 1969, the Writers' Union got rid of Solzhenitsyn, excluding him from its membership. Having received the Nobel Prize in 1970, Alexander Isaevich would not dare to go to Stockholm for her. He fears that he won't be able to go back.

Open letter

In 1973, an open letter written and signed by a group of famous writers on August 31 was read in one of the issues of the Vremya news program. The letter was published in the Pravda newspaper. It expressed the support of a group of Soviet scientists who condemned the civic position of A. Sakharov. For their part, the writers accused Solzhenitsyn of slandering the Soviet system and expressed their contempt for him. In total, thirty-one signatures were published under the letter, among which:

• Ch. Aitmatov
• R. Gamzatov
• V. Kataev
• S. Mikhalkov
• B. Field
• K. Simonov
• M. Sholokhov and others.

It is noteworthy that Vasil Bykov's signature was also voiced from the television screen. However, V. Bykov refutes accusations of anti-Soviet Alexander Solzhenitsyn in his biography. He wrote in "The Long Way Home" that he did not give consent to the placement of his signature under the letter, but despite this, his name was given.

A Brief History of the Archipelago

In December of the same year, Solzhenitsyn's biography will be supplemented by another event that will put his name on the list of world celebrities. The first part of the author's study "The Gulag Archipelago" is published in Paris. Only fifty thousand copies.

Six months earlier, in the summer of 1973, Solzhenitsyn had given a long interview to foreign media journalists. This was the start for the creation of a protest letter by a group of writers. On the day of the interview, Alexander Isaevich's assistant, Elizaveta Voronyanskaya, was arrested. Under pressure from the people who conducted the interrogation, she reported where one of the handwritten copies of the Gulag was located, after which she was released. The woman committed suicide at home.

Solzhenitsyn found out about this only in the autumn, after which he ordered the publication of the work abroad. In February 1974 Solzhenitsyn was arrested and accused of treason, exiled to the FRG. Later he will move to Switzerland (Zurich), then to the United States (Vermont). With the fees from the Gulag, Ivan Isaevich created a fund to support political prisoners and help their families in the USSR.

Return of Solzhenitsyn

In the biography, the most important thing, perhaps, is the restoration of historical justice and the return to Russia in 1994. Since 1990, the motherland will try to rehabilitate itself before Solzhenitsyn - he will be returned citizenship, the criminal prosecution will be stopped and he will be presented for the State Prize as the author of The Gulag Archipelago. In the same year, Novy Mir will publish In the First Circle, and in 1995, Tiny.

Solzhenitsyn settled in the Moscow region, from time to time he traveled to his sons in America. In 1997 he became a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation. He is still being published: in 1998, his stories will appear in Literary Stavropol, and in 2002, a collection of works in thirty volumes will be published. The writer died in 2008, the cause of death was called heart failure.

Writer for "abroad"

Not everyone is inclined to consider Alexander Isaevich a patriot of his fatherland. Today, as in the seventies, they reproach Solzhenitsyn: his biography and work are oriented towards Western ideology. Most of the works were not published in the Soviet Union. Many accuse him, as a person who fought against the system, of the collapse of the country and that he enjoyed support:

• "Radio Liberty";
• "Voice of America";
• "Deutsche Wave";
• "BBC" (Russian department);
• "State Department" (Russian department)
• "Pentagon" (department of propaganda)

Conclusion

After one of the articles in LiveJournal about the juggling of facts in the works of Solzhenitsyn and his misanthropy, readers left a lot of different comments. One of them deserves special attention: “Too many outside opinions. Read the works - everything is there.

Indeed, Alexander Isaevich could be wrong. However, it is not easy to accuse a person who wrote, for example, "Getting Started" or any other "Baby" of dislike for the Motherland and lack of spirituality. His creations, like the ringing of bells in "Traveling along the Oka", raise us from sinking down on four legs.

Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn

Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn was born on December 11, 1918 in Kislovodsk. This is a great writer, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, politician and social activist, famous historian, dissident, Nobel laureate.
Father is a working peasant, and mother is a Cossack. A poor family from a hard life in 1924 moved to Rostov-on-Don.
Alexander's education begins in 1926, when he is sent to a local school. It is such an early age that becomes the beginning of his formation as a writer - at school he creates his debut poems and essays.
After 10 years, in 1936, Alexander continues his studies, entering the university in Rostov at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, but, at the same time, without giving up active literary activity. At the end of the university, in 1941, and having received a red diploma, Alexander Isaevich decides not to complete his education on this. In 1939, he submitted documents to the Institute of Philosophy in Moscow at the Faculty of Literature and History, but, due to the outbreak of hostilities, Alexander could not receive a diploma from this institute.
During the war, Alexander really wanted to go to the front, and, not paying attention to poor health, in 1941 he entered the service in the transport and horse-drawn direction. The military school of Kostroma meets the writer in 1942, where Alexander receives the rank of lieutenant. Already in 1943, the writer serves as commander of sound intelligence. The merits during the war years of Alexander were so noticeable that for them he received two honorary orders and the main rank for him - senior lieutenant, and after - captain.
Stalin's policy was alien to Alexander, which is why in 1945 he was convicted and sentenced to an eight-year stay in the camp and life exile. In the winter of 1952, doctors diagnosed Alexander with an incurable diagnosis - cancer.
Alexander Solzhenitsyn was married twice, and both times to girls named Natalia. The first wife was Natalya Reshetovskaya, and the second - Natalya Svetlova. From the marriage with Natalia Svetlova, the writer Alexander left three sons, not deprived of talents and gifts - Stepan, Ignat, and Yermolai Solzhenitsyn.
It is impossible to hide the fact that Alexander Isaevich, during his lifetime, was certified by more than twenty honorary awards, as well as the Nobel Prize, which he was awarded for his work The Gulag Archipelago.
In literary circles, he is very often spoken of as Tolstoy or Dostoevsky, but in his era.
Starting from 1975 and up to 1994, Alexander managed to visit Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Great Britain, the USA, France and Canada.
And already in 1994, the writer returned to his homeland, where he continued his literary activity. The first thirty volumes of the collected works of Alexander Solzhenitsyn are published in the period 2006-2007.
Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn died on August 3, 2008 in Moscow. The funeral of the writer took place at the Donskoy Monastery in the necropolis.
A stone cross stands on the grave of Alexander, which was created according to the design edition of the famous sculptor Shakhovsky.

Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn is an outstanding writer, public figure, whose work, unfortunately, was not available for some time. However, it has not lost its relevance, because the problems raised in his works remain important to this day. Surprisingly, only eight years after his first publication, the author was awarded the highest award, namely the Nobel Prize for his work. This is an absolute record and a source of pride for every Russian person.

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It should be noted that he received the Nobel Prize not for a specific work, but for the moral strength gleaned from the tradition of great Russian literature.

History of adolescence

The birthplace of the writer is Kislovodsk in which he was born in 1918. The boy lived in an incomplete family, and only his mother was involved in his upbringing, because his father, who went through the entire First World War to Berlin and won several awards, was killed on a hunt. Taisiya Zakharovna invested all her means and strength in the child, although their situation was very sad. After the revolution and due to the unstable economic situation in the country, the family went bankrupt and lived in extreme poverty. To improve her position, Taisiya Zakharovna moved with her child to Rostov-on-Don, because the state of affairs there was not so precarious.

The boy's mother was very religious, so love for God was brought up in him from early childhood and did not leave him until adolescence. It was because of this that the first problems of little Sasha with the new government began: the boy refused to take off the cross, to join the ranks of the pioneers.

With the advent of youth the worldview has noticeably changed, which was facilitated by the influence of school education and its ideology, which was actively imposed on students. The young man had a special passion for classical literature, excitedly read all the books that could then be obtained, and even dreamed of writing his own work of a revolutionary nature.

However, oddly enough, when Solzhenitsyn has to choose an educational institution for admission, he prefers the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. Mainly this choice was made because the young man believed that the most educated and capable people enter the mathematical fields, and he really wanted to see himself among them. Alexander Isaevich graduated from a higher educational institution with a red diploma and became one of the best graduates of that year.

After his passion for the exact sciences Solzhenitsyn was drawn to theatrical art. He wanted to enter the theater school, but his attempts were in vain. However, he did not despair and decided to try himself in the literary field, becoming one of the students of the Faculty of Literature at Moscow University. Unfortunately, Solzhenitsyn was not destined to finish it because of the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War. They wanted to call him as a private, however, this was impossible due to health problems.

But for Alexander Isaevich, who was an ardent patriot, it was not a problem to obtain the right to study at military courses, and after that he ended up in an artillery regiment under the rank of lieutenant. For his exploits, Solzhenitsyn was awarded the Order of the Red Star, as well as the Order of the Patriotic War.

Solzhenitsyn: the history of dissidence

Later, Solzhenitsyn rose to the rank of captain and perfectly carried his duty to the fatherland, faithfully serving him. However, every day more and more began to be disappointed in the great leader of the USSR, Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. More than once he wrote about these experiences to his friend, Witkevich.

And then one day a letter with such content, and therefore undermining the entire communist system, falls directly into the hands of the head of military censorship. Reprisal against the disaffected followed immediately. He was stripped of his rank and sent to Moscow. At the Lubyanka, he was interrogated for a long time, using all possible methods, and after the war hero was sentenced to seven years of corrective labor, and after the end of the term - to life exile.

The story of Solzhenitsyn's life during his imprisonment was very difficult.. First of all, he was sent to build houses, which, by the way, still stand on Gagarin Square in Moscow to this day. The government then decided to take into account Solzhenitsyn's brilliant abilities in the mathematical field and transferred him to another prison, which was part of the system that was under the control of the design bureau.

However, after his serious quarrel with superiors, it was decided to transfer the future writer to a prison with more stringent conditions, located in Kazakhstan. Solzhenitsyn spent all seven years there, and after his release he received a strict ban on approaching Moscow. Thus, he stayed in South Kazakhstan, taught exact sciences at a local school.

book ban

Closer to the sixties, the Solzhenitsyn case was decided to be reviewed and found that there is no corpus delicti in it. This was followed by a return home. He decided to live in the small town of Ryazan while continuing his teaching activities. After the publication of the very first works of Solzhenitsyn was carried out.

The aspiring writer received good support from General Secretary Khrushchev, who was very interested in promoting anti-Stalinist literature, and indeed everything that somehow undermined Stalin's reputation. However, Brezhnev came to power, who cheated Solzhenitsyn, whose literature later became banned in the country.

Without the permission of the same author his books have been published in the USA and France and created an extraordinary sensation. The government began to consider Solzhenitsyn and all his activities as a real threat to the entire communist system. To avoid unpleasant consequences, the authorities decided to offer Solzhenitsyn emigration. The writer, of course, refused, which was followed by an attack on him by a KGB officer. Alexander Isaevich was injected with a serious dose of poison, which did not lead to death, but greatly harmed his health. Nevertheless, the Soviet authorities managed to get rid of the writer: in 1974 he was accused of treason, deprived of citizenship and expelled from the USSR.

Solzhenitsyn settled in Germany, then moved to the USA. He was active as a writer, and with the help of proceeds from publications, he helped persecuted people, as well as their families. Often he held various conferences at which he spoke about how imperfect the communist system is. However, he was soon somewhat disappointed with the American regime, so he began to complain about the failure of democracy.

As you know, during the reign of Gorbachev, perestroika was launched, during which the works of Solzhenitsyn were no longer considered anti-social. But the writer was in no hurry to return to his homeland. And only Yeltsin Boris Nikolayevich managed to persuade him to return to his homeland. He was given the Sosnovka-2 dacha for permanent use..

Solzhenitsyn: books

Among researchers and literary critics, it is customary to divide all of Solzhenitsyn's work, whether it be novels, short stories or novels, into two groups: historical and autobiographical. At the very beginning of his writing career, the main area of ​​interest for Alexander Isaevich was everything that was somehow connected with either the October Revolution or the First World War.

The following works of the writer were devoted to these important dates:

• "Two hundred years together" (research work);
• "Reflections on the February Revolution" (essay);
• "Red Wheel" (epic novel);
• "August the Fourteenth" (the first knot of the first act of the "Red Wheel"). It was this part of the epic novel that was especially popular in the West.

Many of Solzhenitsyn's works are dedicated to various events in his life. Their list is as follows:

All of Solzhenitsyn's books have become cult and incredibly popular in a short amount of time, both in the writer's homeland and abroad. A complete list of the most popular books is presented below:

• "Matryonin Dvor";
• "For the good of the cause"
• "Right hand";
• "Ego";
• "Easter procession";
• "Doesn't matter".

The specificity of Solzhenitsyn's work is that he likes to intrigue the reader with some epic scenes of a serious scale. His works are good because they represent a variety of people who have completely different views on the same situation, and therefore, this gives a huge amount of food for thought, and the reader can analyze the action, being both in the place of one and the same and another hero.

It is interesting that in the work of Solzhenitsyn there are characters who have real prototypes, and there are indeed many of them. Almost each of them is hidden behind a fake name, however, it was not difficult for historians to recognize who Alexander Isaevich wrote about. Another characteristic feature of creativity is the many analogies drawn both to biblical subjects and to the works of Goethe and Dante.

Everything that Solzhenitsyn did was highly appreciated.. He was loved and respected by politicians, artists and everyone who was familiar with the work of this brilliant man. With his brilliant and so realistic books, close to everyone, telling about the stories of ordinary people, he deserved both public recognition and many awards, including the Nobel Prize.

Solzhenitsyn was also awarded the Grand Prize of the French Academy of Moral and Political Sciences and the Templeton Prize for his work.

Brief history of personal life

The writer met his first wife at the university. The girl's name was Natalya Reshetovskaya. Four years after they met, an official marriage was concluded between them, however, the couple was not destined to stay together for a long time. First, they were separated by a sudden outbreak of war, and after it followed the arrest of Solzhenitsyn. Unable to withstand pressure from the NKVD, Natalia filed for divorce. But after the rehabilitation of Alexander Isaevich, they reunited again and began to live in Ryazan.

In 1968, sympathy appeared between Solzhenitsyn and his new acquaintance, Natalya Svetlova, and they began to meet. Upon learning of her husband's relationship with Svetlova, Reshetnikova tried to kill herself, but was saved by a quickly arriving ambulance. Natalya Svetlova became a true friend and assistant to Solzhenitsyn.