Reason and feelings are examples from fiction. What literary works do you know where reason takes precedence over feelings? I.A
Feelings and reason are constantly fighting with each other. They are trying to take over our body, our actions. As we grow, we learn to make the right decisions. In youth, we are more impulsive. We go after feelings. We obey them. As adults, experience tells us that reason is the best solution. But a wise person must understand that only the common work of the senses and the mind is capable of passing all the tests.
There are many examples of when a person's feelings are stronger than the voice of reason. Most often it is about love, protecting loved ones. There are similar examples in the literature as well. In Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita, the heroine has to make a difficult and impulsive choice. She wants to find her beloved, so she goes to meet the Master, where danger awaits her. The mind tells her that this is a bad decision, but the feelings are stronger here.
The second example is about war.
Andrey Sokolov from Sholokhov's story "The Fate of Man" is captured by the Germans. Reason tells you that you need to behave calmly and restrainedly, do everything that they say. Just to save a life. But the main character is not a coward. He is faithful to his Fatherland. Therefore, the soldier is guided by feelings. He confidently confronts enemies and escapes from captivity.
I believe that there are situations when it is worth leaving the mind aside. After all, saving loved ones or a matter of honor is worth it to go ahead and achieve your goal.
Updated: 2017-04-28
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Direction "Mind and feelings"
An example of an essay on the topic: “Should reason prevail over feelings”?
Should reason take precedence over feelings? In my opinion, there is no single answer to this question. In some situations, you should listen to the voice of reason, and in other situations, on the contrary, you need to act in accordance with feelings. Let's look at a few examples.
So, if a person is possessed by negative feelings, one should curb them, listen to the arguments of reason. For example, A. Mass "Difficult Exam" refers to a girl named Anya Gorchakova, who managed to withstand a difficult test. The heroine dreamed of becoming an actress, she wanted her parents to come to the performance at the children's camp and appreciate her game. She tried very hard, but she was disappointed: on the appointed day, her parents never arrived. Overwhelmed by a sense of desperation, she decided not to go on stage. The reasonable arguments of the teacher helped her cope with her feelings. Anya realized that she should not let her comrades down, she needed to learn to control herself and complete her task, no matter what. And so it happened, she played the best. The writer wants to teach us a lesson: no matter how strong negative feelings are, we must be able to cope with them, listen to the mind, which tells us the right decision.
However, the mind does not always give the right advice. Sometimes it happens that actions dictated by rational arguments lead to negative consequences. Let us turn to A. Likhanov's story "Labyrinth". The father of the protagonist Tolik was passionate about his work. He enjoyed designing machine parts. When he talked about it, his eyes sparkled. But at the same time, he earned little, but he could have moved to the shop and received a higher salary, as his mother-in-law constantly reminded him of. It would seem that this is a more reasonable decision, because the hero has a family, has a son, and he should not depend on the pension of an elderly woman - mother-in-law. In the end, yielding to the pressure of the family, the hero sacrificed his feelings for reason: he abandoned his favorite business in favor of earning money. What did it lead to? Tolik's father felt deeply unhappy: “The eyes are sick and as if calling. They call for help, as if a person is scared, as if he was mortally wounded. If earlier he was possessed by a bright feeling of joy, now it is a deaf longing. This was not the kind of life he dreamed of. The writer shows that decisions that are not always reasonable at first glance are correct, sometimes, listening to the voice of reason, we doom ourselves to moral suffering.
Thus, we can conclude: when deciding whether to act in accordance with reason or feelings, a person must take into account the characteristics of a particular situation.
(375 words)
An example of an essay on the topic: "Should a person live in obedience to feelings?"
Should a person live in obedience to feelings? In my opinion, there is no single answer to this question. In some situations, one should listen to the voice of the heart, and in other situations, on the contrary, one should not succumb to feelings, one should listen to the arguments of reason. Let's look at a few examples.
So, in the story of V. Rasputin "French Lessons" it is said about the teacher Lidia Mikhailovna, who could not remain indifferent to the plight of her student. The boy was starving and, in order to get money for a glass of milk, he gambled. Lidia Mikhailovna tried to invite him to the table and even sent him a parcel with food, but the hero rejected her help. Then she decided to take extreme measures: she herself began to play with him for money. Of course, the voice of reason could not help but tell her that she was violating the ethical standards of the relationship between teacher and student, transgressing the boundaries of what was permitted, that she would be fired for this. But the feeling of compassion prevailed, and Lidia Mikhailovna violated the generally accepted rules of the teacher's behavior in order to help the child. The writer wants to convey to us the idea that “good feelings” are more important than reasonable norms.
However, sometimes it happens that a person is possessed by negative feelings: anger, resentment. Overwhelmed by them, he commits bad deeds, although, of course, he is consciously aware that he is doing evil. The consequences can be tragic. A. Mass's story "The Trap" describes the act of a girl named Valentina. The heroine has a dislike towards his brother's wife Rita. This feeling is so strong that Valentina decides to set a trap for her daughter-in-law: dig a hole and disguise it so that Rita, having stepped on it, will fall. The girl cannot but understand that she is doing a bad deed, but her feelings take precedence over reason in her. She carries out her plan, and Rita falls into a prepared trap. Only suddenly it turns out that she was in her fifth month of pregnancy and as a result of a fall she could lose a child. Valentina is horrified by what she has done. She did not want to kill anyone, especially a child! "How can I live on?" she asks and finds no answer. The author leads us to the idea that one should not succumb to the power of negative feelings, because they provoke cruel acts, which later will have to be bitterly regretted.
Thus, we can come to the conclusion: you can obey feelings if they are kind, bright; the negative ones should be curbed, listening to the voice of reason.
(344 words)
An example of an essay on the topic: "The dispute between reason and feeling ..."
The dispute between reason and feeling... This confrontation is eternal. Sometimes the voice of reason turns out to be stronger in us, and sometimes we follow the dictates of feeling. In some situations, there is no right choice. Listening to feelings, a person will sin against moral standards; listening to reason, he will suffer. There may not be a path that would lead to a successful resolution of the situation.
So, in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" the author tells about the fate of Tatyana. In her youth, having fallen in love with Onegin, she, unfortunately, does not find reciprocity. Tatyana carries her love through the years, and finally Onegin is at her feet, he is passionately in love with her. It would seem that she dreamed about it. But Tatyana is married, she is aware of her duty as a wife, she cannot tarnish her honor and the honor of her husband. Reason prevails over her feelings in her, and she refuses Onegin. Above love, the heroine puts moral duty, marital fidelity, but condemns both herself and her lover to suffering. Could the heroes find happiness if she made a different decision? Hardly. A Russian proverb says: “You can’t build your other happiness on misfortune.” The tragedy of the heroine's fate is that the choice between reason and feeling in her situation is a choice without a choice, any decision will only lead to suffering.
Let us turn to the work of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". The writer shows what choice one of the heroes, Andriy, faced. On the one hand, he has a feeling of love for a beautiful Polish woman, on the other hand, he is a Cossack, one of those who besieged the city. The beloved understands that he and Andriy cannot be together: “And I know what your duty and covenant is: your name is father, comrades, fatherland, and we are your enemies.” But Andriy's feelings take precedence over all the arguments of reason. He chooses love, in the name of it he is ready to betray his homeland and family: “What is my father, comrades and homeland to me! .. Fatherland is what our soul is looking for, which is dearest to her. My homeland is you! .. And everything that is, I will sell, give, ruin for such a homeland! The writer shows that a wonderful feeling of love can push a person to terrible deeds: we see that Andriy turns weapons against his former comrades, together with the Poles he fights against the Cossacks, including his brother and father. On the other hand, could he leave his beloved to die of hunger in a besieged city, perhaps become a victim of the cruelty of the Cossacks in the event of its capture? We see that in this situation the right choice is hardly possible, any path leads to tragic consequences.
Summing up what has been said, we can conclude that, reflecting on the dispute between reason and feeling, it is impossible to say unequivocally which should win.
(399 words)
An example of an essay on the topic: "A great person can also be thanks to his feelings - not only to his mind." (Theodore Dreiser)
"A great person can also be thanks to his feelings - not only to the mind," - Theodore Dreiser argued. Indeed, not only a scientist or commander can be called great. The greatness of a person can be concluded in bright thoughts, the desire to do good. Such feelings as mercy, compassion, can move us to noble deeds. Listening to the voice of feelings, a person helps people around him, makes the world a better place and becomes cleaner himself. I will try to support my idea with literary examples.
In B. Ekimov's story "The Night of Healing", the author tells about the boy Borka, who comes to his grandmother for the holidays. The old woman often sees wartime nightmares in her dreams, and this makes her scream at night. The mother gives the hero reasonable advice: “She will only start talking in the evening, and you shout:“ Be silent! She stops. We tried". Borka is going to do just that, but the unexpected happens: “the boy’s heart was flooded with pity and pain,” as soon as he heard the groans of his grandmother. He can no longer follow reasonable advice, he is dominated by a feeling of compassion. Borka soothes the grandmother until she falls asleep peacefully. He is willing to do this every night so that healing can come to her. The author wants to convey to us the idea of the need to listen to the voice of the heart, to act in accordance with good feelings.
A. Aleksin tells about the same in the story “In the meantime, somewhere ...” The main character Sergei Emelyanov, having accidentally read a letter addressed to his father, learns about the existence of his ex-wife. The woman asks for help. It would seem that Sergei has nothing to do in her house, and his mind tells him to simply return her letter to her and leave. But sympathy for the grief of this woman, once abandoned by her husband, and now by her adopted son, makes him neglect the arguments of reason. Serezha decides to constantly visit Nina Georgievna, help her in everything, save her from the most terrible misfortune - loneliness. And when his father invites him to go on vacation to the sea, the hero refuses. Yes, of course, a trip to the sea promises to be exciting. Yes, you can write to Nina Georgievna and convince her that she should go to the camp with the guys, where she will be fine. Yes, you can promise to come to her during the winter holidays. But a sense of compassion and responsibility takes precedence in him over these considerations. After all, he promised Nina Georgievna to be with her and cannot become her new loss. Sergei is going to hand over a ticket to the sea. The author shows that sometimes actions dictated by a sense of mercy can help a person.
Thus, we come to the conclusion: a big heart, just like a big mind, can lead a person to true greatness. Good deeds and pure thoughts testify to the greatness of the soul.
(390 words)
An example of an essay on the topic: “Our mind sometimes brings us no less grief than our passions.” (Chamfort)
“Our mind sometimes brings us no less grief than our passions,” Chamfort argued. And indeed, there is grief from the mind. Making a reasonable decision at first glance, a person can make a mistake. This happens when the mind and heart are not in harmony, when all his feelings protest against the chosen path, when, having acted in accordance with the arguments of the mind, he feels unhappy.
Let's turn to literary examples. A. Aleksin in the story "In the meantime, somewhere ..." talks about a boy named Sergey Emelyanov. The protagonist accidentally learns about the existence of his father's ex-wife and about her misfortune. Once her husband left her, and this was a heavy blow for the woman. But now a much more terrible test awaits her. The adopted son decided to leave her. He found his biological parents and chose them. Shurik does not even want to say goodbye to Nina Georgievna, although she raised him from childhood. When he leaves, he takes all his things. He is guided by seemingly reasonable considerations: he does not want to upset his adoptive mother with goodbye, he believes that his things will only remind her of her grief. He realizes that it is difficult for her, but considers it reasonable to live with her newly found parents. Aleksin emphasizes that with his actions, so deliberate and balanced, Shurik inflicts a cruel blow on the woman who loves him selflessly, causing her inexpressible pain. The writer leads us to the idea that sometimes reasonable actions can cause grief.
A completely different situation is described in A. Likhanov's story "Labyrinth". The father of the protagonist Tolik is passionate about his work. He enjoys designing machine parts. When he talks about it, his eyes sparkle. But at the same time, he earns little, but he can move to the shop and receive a higher salary, as his mother-in-law constantly reminds him of. It would seem that this is a more reasonable decision, because the hero has a family, has a son, and he should not depend on the pension of an elderly woman - mother-in-law. In the end, yielding to the pressure of the family, the hero sacrifices his feelings for reason: he refuses his favorite job in favor of earning money. What does this lead to? Tolik's father feels deeply unhappy: “The eyes are sick and as if calling. They call for help, as if a person is scared, as if he was mortally wounded. If earlier he was possessed by a bright feeling of joy, now it is a deaf longing. This is not the kind of life he dreams of. The writer shows that decisions that are not always reasonable at first glance are correct, sometimes, listening to the voice of reason, we doom ourselves to moral suffering.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that a person, following the advice of reason, will not forget about the voice of feelings.
(398 words)
An example of an essay on the topic: “What rules the world - reason or feeling?”
What rules the world - reason or feeling? At first glance, it seems that the mind dominates. He invents, plans, controls. However, man is not only a rational being, but also endowed with feelings. He hates and loves, rejoices and suffers. And it is the feelings that allow him to feel happy or unhappy. Moreover, it is the feelings that make him create, invent, change the world. If there were no feelings, the mind would not create its outstanding creations.
Let us recall the novel by J. London "Martin Eden". The main character studied a lot, became a famous writer. But what prompted him to work on himself day and night, to tirelessly create? The answer is simple: it is the feeling of love. Martin's heart was won by a girl from high society, Ruth Morse. In order to win her favor, to win her heart, Martin tirelessly improves himself, overcomes obstacles, endures need and hunger on the way to writing. It is love that inspires him, helps him find himself and reach the heights. Without this feeling, he would have remained a simple semi-literate sailor, would not have written his outstanding works.
Let's turn to another example. The novel by V. Kaverin "Two Captains" describes how the main character Sanya devoted himself to searching for the missing expedition of Captain Tatarinov. He managed to prove that it was Ivan Lvovich who had the honor of discovering the Northern Land. What prompted Sanya to go to his goal for many years? Cold mind? Not at all. He was driven by a sense of justice, because for many years it was believed that the captain died through his own fault: he "carelessly handled state property." In fact, the true culprit was Nikolai Antonovich, because of which most of the equipment turned out to be unusable. He was in love with the wife of Captain Tatarinov and deliberately doomed him to death. Sanya accidentally found out about this and most of all wanted justice to prevail. It was the sense of justice and love of truth that prompted the hero to relentless search and ultimately led to a historical discovery.
Summing up all that has been said, we can conclude: the world is ruled by feelings. To paraphrase the famous phrase of Turgenev, we can say that only they keep and move life. Feelings induce our mind to create something new, to make discoveries.
(309 words)
An example of an essay on the topic: “Mind and feelings: harmony or confrontation?” (Chamfort)
Reason and feelings: harmony or confrontation? It seems that there is no single answer to this question. Of course, it happens that the mind and feelings coexist in harmony. Moreover, as long as there is this harmony, we do not ask ourselves such questions. It's like air: while it's there, we don't notice it, but if it's not enough... However, there are situations when mind and feelings come into conflict. Probably, every person at least once in his life felt that his "mind and heart are out of tune." An internal struggle arises, and it is difficult to imagine what will prevail: reason or heart.
So, for example, in A. Aleksin's story "In the meantime, somewhere ..." we see the confrontation between reason and feelings. The main character Sergei Emelyanov, having accidentally read a letter addressed to his father, learns about the existence of his ex-wife. The woman asks for help. It would seem that Sergei has nothing to do in her house, and his mind tells him to simply return her letter to her and leave. But sympathy for the grief of this woman, once abandoned by her husband, and now by her adopted son, makes him neglect the arguments of reason. Serezha decides to constantly visit Nina Georgievna, help her in everything, save her from the most terrible misfortune - loneliness. And when his father offers him to go on vacation to the sea, the hero refuses. Yes, of course, a trip to the sea promises to be exciting. Yes, you can write to Nina Georgievna and convince her that she should go to the camp with the guys, where she will be fine. Yes, you can promise to come to her during the winter holidays. All this is quite reasonable. But a sense of compassion and responsibility takes precedence in him over these considerations. After all, he promised Nina Georgievna to be with her and cannot become her new loss. Sergei is going to hand over a ticket to the sea. The author shows that the feeling of compassion wins.
Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The author tells about the fate of Tatyana. In her youth, having fallen in love with Onegin, she, unfortunately, does not find reciprocity. Tatyana carries her love through the years, and finally Onegin is at her feet, he is passionately in love with her. It would seem that she dreamed about it. But Tatyana is married, she is aware of her duty as a wife, she cannot tarnish her honor and the honor of her husband. Reason prevails over her feelings in her, and she refuses Onegin. Above love, the heroine puts moral duty, marital fidelity.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to add that reason and feelings underlie our being. I would like them to balance each other, allow us to live in harmony with ourselves and with the world around us.
(388 words)
Direction "Honor and dishonor"
An example of an essay on the topic: "How do you understand the words" honor "and" dishonor "?
Honor and dishonor ... Probably, many thought about what these words mean. Honor is self-esteem, moral principles that a person is ready to defend in any situation, even at the cost of his own life. At the heart of dishonor is cowardice, weakness of character, which does not allow one to fight for ideals, forcing one to commit vile deeds. Both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.
Many writers have addressed the theme of honor and dishonor. So, in the story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov" it is said about two partisans who were taken prisoner. One of them, Sotnikov, courageously endures torture, but does not tell his enemies anything. Knowing that he will be executed in the morning, he prepares to face death with dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the thoughts of the hero: “Sotnikov easily and simply, as something elementary and completely logical in his position, now made the last decision: to take everything upon himself. Tomorrow he will tell the investigator that he went to reconnaissance, had a mission, wounded a policeman in a shootout, that he is a commander of the Red Army and an opponent of fascism, let them shoot him. The rest are not here." It is indicative that before death a partisan thinks not about himself, but about the salvation of others. And although his attempt did not lead to success, he fulfilled his duty to the end. The hero courageously meets death, not for a minute does the thought come to him to beg the enemy for mercy, to become a traitor. The author wants to convey to us the idea that honor and dignity are above the fear of death.
Comrade Sotnikova, Rybak, behaves quite differently. The fear of death took over all his feelings. Sitting in the basement, he only thinks about saving his own life. When the police offered him to become one of them, he was not offended, not indignant, on the contrary, he “felt acutely and joyfully - he would live! There was an opportunity to live - this is the main thing. Everything else - later. Of course, he does not want to become a traitor: “He did not at all intend to give them partisan secrets, much less join the police, although he understood that it would not be easy to evade her.” He hopes that "he will get out and then he will certainly pay off these bastards ...". An inner voice tells Rybak that he has embarked on the path of dishonor. And then Rybak tries to find a compromise with his conscience: “He went to this game to win his life - is this not enough for the most, even desperate, game? And there it will be visible, if only they would not be killed, tortured during interrogations. If only to break out of this cage, and he will not allow himself anything bad. Is he his enemy? Faced with a choice, he is not ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of honor.
The writer shows the successive stages of Rybak's moral decline. Here he agrees to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continues to convince himself that "there is no great fault for him." In his opinion, “he had more opportunities and cheated in order to survive. But he is not a traitor. In any case, he was not going to become a German servant. He kept waiting to seize a convenient moment - maybe now, or maybe a little later, and only they will see him ... "
And now Rybak takes part in the execution of Sotnikov. Bykov emphasizes that even Rybak is trying to find an excuse for this terrible act: “What does he have to do with it? Is it him? He just pulled out this stump. And then by order of the police. And only walking in the ranks of policemen, Rybak finally understands: "There was no longer any way to escape from this ranks." V. Bykov emphasizes that the path of dishonor chosen by Rybak is a path to nowhere.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that we, faced with a difficult choice, will not forget about the highest values: honor, duty, courage.
(610 words)
An example of an essay on the topic: "In what situations are the concepts of honor and dishonor revealed?"
In what situations are the concepts of honor and dishonor revealed? Reflecting on this issue, one cannot but come to the conclusion that both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.
Thus, in wartime, a soldier may face death. He can accept death with dignity, remaining faithful to duty and not tarnishing military honor. At the same time, he may try to save his life by embarking on the path of betrayal.
Let us turn to the story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov". We see two partisans captured by the police. One of them, Sotnikov, behaves courageously, endures severe torture, but does not tell the enemy anything. He retains self-respect and, before execution, accepts death with honor. His comrade, Rybak, is trying to escape at all costs. He despised the honor and duty of the defender of the Fatherland and went over to the side of the enemy, became a policeman and even participated in the execution of Sotnikov, personally knocking out a stand from under his feet. We see that it is in the face of mortal danger that the true qualities of people are manifested. Honor here is loyalty to duty, and dishonor is a synonym for cowardice and betrayal.
The concepts of honor and dishonor are revealed not only during the war. The need to pass a test of moral strength may arise before everyone, even a child. To preserve honor means to try to protect one's dignity and pride, to know dishonor means to endure humiliation and bullying, being afraid to fight back.
V. Aksyonov tells about this in the story “Breakfasts of the forty-third year”. The narrator was regularly the victim of stronger classmates who regularly took away from him not only breakfasts, but also any other things they liked: “He took her from me. He took everything - everything that was of interest to Him. And not only for me, but for the whole class.” The hero was not just sorry for the lost, the constant humiliation, the awareness of his own weakness, was unbearable. He decided to stand up for himself, to resist. And although physically he could not defeat the three overage hooligans, but the moral victory was on his side. An attempt to defend not only his breakfast, but also his honor, to overcome his fear became an important milestone in his growing up, the formation of his personality. The writer brings us to the conclusion: one must be able to defend one's honor.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that in any situation we will remember honor and dignity, we will be able to overcome spiritual weakness, we will not allow ourselves to fall morally.
(363 words)
An example of an essay on the topic: "What does it mean to walk the path of honor?"
What does it mean to walk the path of honor? Let us turn to the explanatory dictionary: "Honor is the moral qualities of a person worthy of respect and pride." Walking the path of honor means standing up for your moral principles no matter what. The right path can be fraught with the risk of losing something important: work, health, life itself. Following the path of honor, we must overcome fear of other people and difficult circumstances, sometimes sacrifice a lot in order to defend our honor.
Let us turn to the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". The main character, Andrei Sokolov, was captured. For carelessly spoken words, they were going to shoot him. He could beg for mercy, humiliate himself before his enemies. Perhaps a weak-minded person would have done just that. But the hero is ready to defend the honor of a soldier in the face of death. On the offer of the commandant Muller to drink for the victory of German weapons, he refuses and agrees to drink only for his own death as a deliverance from torment. Sokolov behaves confidently and calmly, refusing snacks, despite the fact that he was hungry. He explains his behavior in this way: “I wanted to show them, the damned, that although I’m dying of hunger, I’m not going to choke on their handouts, that I have my own, Russian dignity and pride and that they didn’t turn me into cattle, as didn't try." Sokolov's act aroused respect for him even from the enemy. The German commandant recognized the moral victory of the Soviet soldier and saved his life. The author wants to convey to the reader the idea that even in the face of death, honor and dignity must be preserved.
It is not only a soldier who must follow the path of honor in time of war. Each of us must be ready to defend our dignity in difficult situations. In almost every class there is a tyrant - a student who keeps everyone else in fear. Physically strong and cruel, he delights in torturing the weak. What to do to someone who is constantly faced with humiliation? To endure dishonor or stand up for your own dignity? The answer to these questions is given by A. Likhanov in the story "Clean Pebbles". The writer talks about Mihaska, an elementary school student. He more than once became a victim of Savvatey and his cronies. The hooligan was on duty every morning at the elementary school and robbed the children, taking away everything that he liked. Moreover, he did not miss the opportunity to humiliate his victim: “Sometimes he snatched a textbook or notebook from a bag instead of a bun and threw it into a snowdrift or took it for himself, so that, after moving a few steps later, throw it under his feet and wipe his felt boots about them.” Savvatei specifically “was on duty at this particular school, because in elementary school they study until the fourth grade and the guys are all small.” Mikhaska experienced more than once what humiliation means: once Savvatei took away from him an album with stamps, which belonged to Mikhaska's father and therefore was especially dear to him, another time a hooligan set fire to his new jacket. True to his principle of humiliating the victim, Savvatei ran a “dirty, sweaty paw” over his face. The author shows that Mikhaska could not stand the bullying and decided to fight back against a strong and ruthless opponent, before whom the whole school, even adults, trembled. The hero grabbed a stone and was ready to hit Savvatea, but suddenly he retreated. He retreated because he felt Mihaska's inner strength, his readiness to defend his human dignity to the end. The writer focuses our attention on the fact that it was the determination to defend one's honor that helped Mikhaska win a moral victory.
Walking the path of honor means standing up for others. So, Pyotr Grinev in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" fought a duel with Shvabrin, defending the honor of Masha Mironova. Shvabrin, being rejected, in a conversation with Grinev allowed himself to offend the girl with vile allusions. Grinev could not bear it. As a decent man, he went to the duel and was ready to die, but to defend the honor of the girl.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that every person will have the courage to choose the path of honor.
(582 words)
An example of an essay on the topic: "Honor is more precious than life"
In life, situations often arise when we are faced with a choice: to act in accordance with moral rules or to make a deal with conscience, to sacrifice moral principles. It would seem that everyone would have to choose the right path, the path of honor. But it's often not that easy. Especially if the price of the right decision is life. Are we ready to go to death in the name of honor and duty?
Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". The author tells about the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev. The officers had to either swear allegiance to Pugachev, recognizing him as sovereign, or end their lives on the gallows. The author shows what choice his heroes made: Pyotr Grinev, just like the commandant of the fortress and Ivan Ignatievich, showed courage, was ready to die, but not disgrace the honor of the uniform. He found the courage to tell Pugachev to his face that he could not recognize him as sovereign, refused to change the military oath: “No,” I answered with firmness. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.” With all bluntness, Grinev told Pugachev that he might fight against him, fulfilling his officer's duty: “You know, it’s not my will: they tell me to go against you - I’ll go, there’s nothing to do. You are now the boss yourself; you yourself demand obedience from your own. What will it be like if I refuse service when my service is needed? The hero understands that his honesty can cost him his life, but the feeling of long and honor prevails in him over fear. The sincerity and courage of the hero so impressed Pugachev that he saved Grinev's life and let him go.
Sometimes a person is ready to defend, not sparing even his own life, not only his honor, but also the honor of loved ones, family. It is impossible to meekly endure an insult, even if it is inflicted by a person who is higher on the social ladder. Dignity and honor above all.
M.Yu. tells about it. Lermontov in "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov". The guardsman of Tsar Ivan the Terrible liked Alena Dmitrievna, the wife of the merchant Kalashnikov. Knowing that she was a married woman, Kiribeevich still allowed himself to solicit her love. The offended woman asks her husband for intercession: “Don’t let me, your faithful wife, / Evil swindlers in reproach!” The author emphasizes that the merchant does not doubt for a second what decision he should make. Of course, he understands what the confrontation with the royal favorite threatens him with, but the honest name of the family is more precious than even life itself: And such an insult cannot be tolerated by the soul
Yes, a brave heart cannot bear it.
How tomorrow will be a fistfight
On the Moscow River in the presence of the Tsar himself,
And then I will go out to the guardsman,
I will fight to the death, to the last strength ...
And indeed, Kalashnikov goes out to fight against Kiribeevich. For him, this is not a fight for fun, this is a fight for honor and dignity, a battle not for life, but for death:
Not to joke, not to make people laugh
I came out to you, son of a fool, -
I went out to a terrible battle, to the last battle!
He knows that the truth is on his side, and he is ready to die for it:
I will stand up for the truth to the last!
Lermontov shows that the merchant defeated Kiribeevich, having washed away the insult with blood. However, fate prepares a new test for him: Ivan the Terrible orders Kalashnikov to be executed for killing his pet. The merchant could justify himself, tell the king why he killed the guardsman, but did not do this. After all, this would mean publicly dishonoring the honest name of his wife. He is ready to go to the block, defending the honor of the family, to accept death with dignity. The writer wants to convey to us the idea that there is nothing more important for a person than his dignity, and you need to protect him, no matter what.
Summing up what has been said, we can conclude: honor is above everything, even life itself.
(545 words)
An example of an essay on the topic: "To deprive another of the honor means to lose one's own"
What is dishonor? On the one hand, this is a lack of dignity, weakness of character, cowardice, inability to overcome fear of circumstances or people. On the other hand, dishonor is also brought on by a seemingly strong person if he allows himself to defame others, or even simply mock the weaker ones, humiliate the defenseless.
So, in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Shvabrin, having received a refusal from Masha Mironova, slanders her in revenge, allows himself insulting allusions to her. So, in a conversation with Pyotr Grinev, he claims that it is not necessary to seek Masha's favor with verses, hints at her accessibility: “... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of gentle rhymes, give her a pair of earrings. My blood boiled.
- And why do you think so about her? I asked, holding back my indignation with difficulty.
“Because,” he answered with an infernal grin, “I know from experience her temper and custom.”
Shvabrin, without hesitation, is ready to tarnish the honor of the girl just because she did not reciprocate. The writer leads us to the idea that a person who acts vilely cannot be proud of an unsullied honor.
Another example is A. Likhanov's story "Clean Pebbles". A character named Savvatey keeps the whole school in fear. He takes pleasure in humiliating those who are weaker. The hooligan regularly robs the students, mocks them: “Sometimes he snatched a textbook or notebook out of his bag instead of a bun and threw it into a snowdrift or took it for himself, so that, after stepping back a few steps, he threw it under his feet and wiped his felt boots on them.” His favorite technique was to run a "dirty, sweaty paw" across the victim's face. He constantly humiliates even his "sixes": "Savvatey looked angrily at the guy, took him by the nose and pulled him hard", he "stood next to Sasha, leaning on his head." Encroaching on the honor and dignity of other people, he himself becomes the personification of dishonor.
Summing up what has been said, we can conclude: a person who humiliates dignity or discredits the good name of other people deprives himself of honor, dooms him to contempt on the part of others.
(313 words)
Today I will write offhand, on the basis of which works of fiction it is possible to reveal the topics of the final essays for 2017.
Today's post is dedicated to the first topic - "Mind and Feeling". What are the best books to read that immediately come to mind?
To begin with, I would like to note that I would very, very recommend that schoolchildren still overpower themselves and read "War and Peace" or some other large texts from the school curriculum. Based on them, you can reveal any topic if you own the content. Remark is over, let's go.
"Mind and Feeling".
This topic can be explored on the basis of "Eugene Onegin". And here you can give different options. For example, reason and feeling are the images of Onegin and Lensky, in the disclosure of the argument, you can give different explanations, the dynamics of the relationship of the characters and talk about how everything ended badly. How Onegin let down the mind, and Lensky - feelings.
Or another turn - the mind and feeling in the relationship between Tatiana and Onegin. We recall the mirror composition of the novel. Relatively speaking, at first Tatyana had feelings, and Onegin became the embodiment of reason (remember the scene of the explanation), and in the finale of the work the heroes switched places - now Onegin is blown away by love and passion (feelings), and Tatyana, who is married, tries to stay on pole of the mind. This essay will be in general about how love is refracted through reason and feeling.
"Fathers and Sons". The topic can be revealed on the basis of Bazarov's internal conflict. We remember that in the beginning we have a rational hero, the embodiment of reason. Then feelings begin and bring chaos to the rational world of Bazarov. The clash of reason and feelings changes the hero. By the end, we are faced with an almost different person.
"Hero of our time". The topic can be developed in two ways. Here, too, there is an internal conflict of the hero, whose soul is still dominated by reason, which finds it difficult to surrender to feelings. The second option is the relationship between Pechorin and Princess Mary. The hero calculates his words, movements, looks, does everything to make the girl fall in love with him. He himself remains rational and cold. And Princess Mary, who surrenders to her feelings, does not suspect that she has fallen into a trap.
"War and Peace". There are a lot of possibilities open here. The theme can be revealed on the basis of comparisons of heroes. For example, the cold Helen Bezukhova (mind), who marries for convenience, etc., and the cheerful Natasha Rostova, who always follows her feelings. Here you can also give the internal conflicts of the characters, there is a lot about reason and feeling, from the same Pierre or from Prince Andrei. A good illustration of the theme can be the dynamics of relations between Prince Andrei and Natasha. Love for Natasha, which revives Prince Andrei. Natasha, who subsequently suddenly falls in love with Anatole, loses her mind, violates the rules of decency. There are constant fluctuations between the mind and feelings of the characters.
"Anna Karenina". If someone has read it, this is a great option. Everything is very clearly visible there, if we compare Anna and other women of the novel (for example, Betsy Tverskaya). Or think about choosing Anna. Think of Anna and her husband. Everything will be about the mind and feeling.
"Master and Margarita". The relationship of the Master and Margarita is one option. Margarita's internal conflict is another option. In general, the dynamics of the image of Margaret, who agrees to the proposal of Satan. By the way, the line of Yeshua and Pontius Pilate also fits here. Bulgakov well shows the fluctuations between the mind (there are given conditions, political, the status of a hero, etc.) and feelings (sympathy for Yeshua, guilt, revenge, etc.) in Pontius Pilate, what kind of internal struggle the hero has.
Quiet Don. The conflict in the soul of Grigory Melekhov, when he rushes between Aksinya and Natalya, is also about reason and feelings.
"Garnet bracelet". There is a clash of reason and feeling in the dynamics of the character of Zheltkov, Vera Pavlovna.
"Asya" I.S. Turgenev. This story is great for revealing the theme of reason and feeling. You can even additionally read Pisarev's article about the protagonist of the story. Pisarev emphasizes the rationality of the protagonist. Asya and Mr. N. are two contrasting characters, embodying reason and feelings.
More options if based on short pieces.
Plays by A.N. Ostrovsky. The conflict of mind and feelings can be revealed on the basis of "Thunderstorms"(the image of Katerina, the dynamics of the image). A good option - "Dowry". The relationship between Paratov and Larisa is built on this topic. They both have to make a choice between reason and feelings. True, with Paratov this is not so clear, but with Larisa, who rushes between Paratov and the rest of the men and is going to marry Karandyshev, everything is very clearly shown.
Zamyatin "We". The book is largely about the mind and feelings. The main character, his approach to the world, to life, his vision of himself, his relationship with O. (mind) and his relationship with I (passion, feelings).
A good option for a short text is a story "Sunstroke" I.A. Bunin. You can reveal the theme based on the image of the main character.
From the obvious - "Romeo and Juliet" W. Shakespeare. I won't even explain here.
In fact, the topic is very extensive, it can be revealed not only in love conflicts. The same, for example, Kutuzov's choice in "War and Peace" than a conflict between reason and feelings. The main thing is to turn on the fantasy.
You can read about how to order a final essay.
"Mind and Feeling"
Official comment:
The direction involves thinking about reason and feeling as the two most important components of a person’s inner world, which influence his aspirations and actions. Reason and feeling can be considered both in harmonious unity and in complex confrontation, which constitutes the internal conflict of the personality. The theme of reason and feeling is interesting for writers of different cultures and eras: the heroes of literary works often face a choice between the command of feeling and the prompting of reason.
Aphorisms and sayings of famous people:
There are feelings that replenish and obscure the mind, and there is a mind that cools the movement of feelings. MM. Prishvin
If the feelings are not true, then our whole mind will be false. Lucretius
A feeling held captive by a crude practical need has only a limited meaning. Karl Marx
No imagination can come up with such a multitude of contradictory feelings as usually coexist in one human heart. F. La Rochefoucauld
To see and feel is to be, to think is to live. W. Shakespeare
The dialectical unity of reason and feeling is the central problem of many works of art in world and Russian literature. Writers, depicting the world of human intentions, passions, actions, judgments, one way or another relate to these two categories. Human nature is arranged in such a way that the struggle between reason and feeling inevitably gives rise to an internal conflict of the personality, and therefore provides fertile ground for the work of writers - artists of human souls.
List of references in the direction "Reason and feeling"
A.I. Kuprin "Garnet bracelet"
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
A.M. Gorky "At the bottom"
A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"
F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
Guy de Maupassant "Necklace"
N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"
N.M. Karamzin "Poor Liza
A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
MATERIALS for literary arguments.
( Introduction )
What is love? Each person will answer this question differently. For me, love is the desire to always be there, despite quarrels, problems, insults and misunderstandings, the desire to find a compromise, the ability to forgive and support in a difficult situation. Great happiness if love is mutual. But in life there are situations when an unrequited feeling arises. Unrequited love brings great suffering to a person. But the worst thing is when an unrequited feeling becomes beyond the control of reason and leads to an irreparable tragedy.(69 words)
(Argument)
Love is the eternal theme of world fiction. Many authors describe this great feeling in their works. And I want to remember the wonderful story of Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet". On the first pages of the work, the life of the Shein family is revealed to us. There is no longer love in a married couple, and Vera Nikolaevna is disappointed in her marriage. She feels sadness in her heart. We can only guess that she, like any woman, wants attention, affection, care. Unfortunately, the main character does not understand that all this is very close. A petty official, Georgy Zheltkov, has been loving Vera Nikolaevna for eight years with an unusually strong and sincere love. He fell in love with her at first sight and was happy because God rewarded him with this feeling. But the main character did not pay attention to a man of humble origin. Vera Nikolaevna is getting married and asks Zheltkov not to write to her anymore. We can only guess what difficulties this brought to our hero and marvel at his fortitude. George did not have the opportunity to be close to Vera, to be loved by her, but he is happy because she simply exists, because Vera lives in this world. Zheltkov gives Vera Nikolaevna a garnet bracelet for her birthday. He does not expect Mrs. Sheina to wear a gift. But George is warmed by the thought that his beloved will simply touch this decoration. On Vera, this bracelet evokes a feeling of anxiety, the overflow of stones remind her of drops of blood. Thus, the author makes it clear to us that a reciprocal feeling for Zheltkov begins to emerge in the main character. She worries about him, feels the approach of trouble. Vera brings up the topic of love in a conversation with a friend of her parents, whom she considers her grandfather, and she begins to understand that Zheltkov's love is that real and rare sincere love. But Vera's brother Nikolai Nikolaevich intervenes, outraged by Georgy's gift, and decides to talk to Zheltkov. The protagonist of the work understands that he can’t get away from his love. Neither departure nor prison will help him. But he feels that he is interfering with his beloved, George idolizes Vera, he is ready to do everything for her well-being, but he cannot overcome his feelings, and Zheltkov decides to commit suicide. That's how strong unrequited love led to tragedy. And Vera, unfortunately, realized too late that a very rare and sincere love had passed her by. No one and nothing can fix the situation if the person is gone.(362 words)
(Conclusion)
Love is a great feeling, but it is very scary when it leads to tragedy. No matter how strong the feelings are, you can not lose your mind. Life is the best that is given to a person. The same can be said about love. And no matter what trials come our way, we must keep our feelings and reason in harmony.(51 words)
A. I. Kuprin story "Garnet bracelet" "Reason and feeling"
(Argument 132)
The hero of Kuprin's story "Garnet Bracelet", Georgy Zheltkov, could not cope with his feelings. This man, seeing Vera Nikolaevna once, fell in love with her for life. George did not expect reciprocity from the married princess. He understood everything, but he could not help himself. Faith was a small meaning of Zheltkov's life, and he believed that God had rewarded him with such love. The hero showed his feelings only in letters, without showing himself to the princess in front of her eyes. On the day of the angel of Vera, the fan gave his beloved a garnet bracelet and attached a note in which he asked for forgiveness for the trouble he had caused. When the husband of the princess, together with her brother, found Zheltkov, he admitted the indecency of his behavior and explained that he sincerely loves Vera and only death can extinguish this feeling. Finally, the hero asked Vera's husband for permission to write her last letter, and after the conversation he said goodbye to his life.
A. I. Kuprin story "Garnet bracelet" Love or madness? "Mind and Feeling"
(Intro 72) Love is one of the warmest feelings a person can experience. She is able to fill the heart with joy, inspire and give vitality to the one in love, But, unfortunately, this feeling does not always make a person happy. The lack of reciprocity breaks people's hearts, dooms them to suffering, and then a person can lose his mind, turning the object of adoration into a kind of deity, which he is ready to worship forever. We often hear that lovers are called crazy. But where is this fine line between conscious feeling and addiction?
(Argument 160) The work of A. I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet” makes readers think about this question. The protagonist pursued his beloved for many years, and then committed suicide. What pushed him to these acts: love or madness? I think it was still a conscious feeling. Zheltkov fell in love with Vera. Seeing her only once. Being a petty official, he was aware of social inequality with his beloved, and therefore did not even try to woo her. It was enough for him to admire the princess from the outside, without intruding into her life. Zheltkov shared his feelings with Vera in letters. The hero wrote to his beloved even after her marriage, although he recognized the indecency of his behavior. The husband of the princess treated Grigory Stepanovich with understanding. Shein told his wife that Zheltkov loved her and was not crazy at all. Of course, the hero showed weakness by deciding to commit suicide, but he came to this consciously, concluding that only death could cut off his love. He knew that without Vera he would not be happy and, at the same time, did not want to interfere with her.
(Argument 184) N and in the pages of world fiction, the problem of the influence of feelings and reason is raised very often. So, for example, in the epic novel by Leo Tolstoy “War and Peace”, two types of heroes appear: on the one hand, impulsive Natasha Rostova, sensitive Pierre Bezukhov, fearless Nikolai Rostov, on the other hand, haughty and prudent Helen Kuragina and her brother, callous Anatole. Many conflicts in the novel occur precisely because of the excess of the feelings of the characters, whose ups and downs are very interesting to watch. A vivid example of how a burst of feelings, thoughtlessness, ardor of character, impatient youth influenced the fate of the heroes is the case with Natasha, because for her, laughable and young, it was incredibly long to wait for her wedding with Andrei Bolkonsky, could she subdue her unexpectedly flashed feelings for Anatole the voice of reason? Here we have a real drama of mind and feelings in the soul of the heroine, she faces a difficult choice: to leave her fiancé and leave with Anatole, or not to succumb to a momentary impulse and wait for Andrei. It was in favor of feelings that this difficult choice was made, only chance prevented Natasha. We cannot condemn the girl, knowing her impatient nature and thirst for love. It was feelings that dictated Natasha's impulse, after which she regretted her act when she analyzed it.
L. N. Tolstoy novel "War and Peace" "Reason and Feeling"
(Argument 93) The main character of the novel, Leo Tolstoy's epic War and Peace, young Natasha Rostova, needed love. Being separated from her fiancé, Andrei Bolkonsky, the naive girl, in search of this feeling, trusted the insidious Anatole Kuragin, who did not even think of connecting her life with Natasha. An attempt to escape with a person of notoriety is a risky act, which Natasha Rostova decided on, relying primarily on feelings. The sad outcome of this adventure is known to all: the engagement of Natasha and Andrey is terminated, former lovers suffer, the reputation of the Rostov family has been shaken. If Natasha had thought about the possible consequences, she would not have ended up in this position.
L. N. Tolstoy novel "War and Peace" "Reason and Feeling"
(Argument 407) In the epic novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" categories of reason and feeling are brought to the fore. They are expressed in two main characters: Andrei Bolkonsky and Natasha Rostova. A girl lives with feelings, a man lives with reason. Andrei is guided by patriotism, he feels responsible for the fate of the Fatherland, for the fate of the Russian army, and considers it necessary to be where it is especially difficult, where the fate of what is dear to him is decided. Bolkonsky begins his service in the army from the lower ranks among the adjutants at Kutuzov's headquarters, Andrei is not looking for an easy career and awards. Everything in Natasha's life is based on feelings. The girl has a very easy character, Natasha enjoys life. She illuminates and warms her loved ones and relatives, like the sun. When meeting Andrei, we see in him a restless person, dissatisfied with his real life. The birth of a child and at the same time the death of his wife, before whom he felt guilty, in my opinion, aggravated, so to speak, the spiritual crisis of Bolkonsky. Natasha became the cause of the spiritual revival of Bolkonsky. Love for the cheerful, poetic Natasha gives birth to dreams of family happiness in Andrei's soul. Natasha became a second, new life for him. She had something that was not in the prince, and she harmoniously complemented him. Next to Natasha, Andrei felt revived and rejuvenated. All her vivid emotions gave strength to him, and inspired him to new deeds and events. After confessing to Natasha, Andrey's ardor subsides. Now he feels responsible for Natasha. Andrei proposes to Natasha, but at the request of his father, he postpones the wedding for a year. Natasha and Andrey are very different people. She is young, inexperienced, trusting and spontaneous. He already has a whole life behind him, the death of his wife, son, trials of difficult wartime, a meeting with death. Therefore, Andrei cannot fully understand what Natasha feels, that the expectation is very painful for her, she cannot restrain her feelings, her desire to love and be loved. This led to Natasha cheating on Andrey and they break up. Bolkonsky goes to war and is mortally wounded. Experiencing severe suffering, realizing that he is dying, before the threshold of death he experiences a feeling of universal love and forgiveness. At this tragic moment, another meeting between Prince Andrei and Natasha takes place. War and suffering made Natasha an adult, now she understands how cruelly she acted with Bolkonsky, betrayed such a wonderful person because of her childhood passion. Natasha on her knees asks the prince for forgiveness. And he forgives her, he loves her again. He already loves with an unearthly love, and this love brightens up his last days in this world. Only at that moment Andrei and Natasha were able to understand each other, acquired what they lacked so much. But it was already too late.
(Argument 174) Talking about real and sincere feelings, I would like to turn to the play "Thunderstorm". In this work, A. N. Ostrovsky was able to convey the mental anguish of the main character with all the brightness of emotions. In the 19th century, a huge number of marriages were not for love, parents tried to marry someone who was richer. Girls were forced to live with an unloved person all their lives. Katerina, who was married off as Tikhon Kabanov from a wealthy merchant family, found herself in a similar situation. Katya's husband was a pitiful sight. Irresponsible and infantile, he was capable of nothing but drunkenness. Tikhon's mother, Marfa Kabanova, embodied the ideas of tyranny and hypocrisy inherent in the entire "dark kingdom", so Katerina was constantly under pressure. The heroine strives for freedom, it was difficult for her in the conditions of slavish worship of false idols. The girl found solace in communicating with Boris. His care, affection and sincerity helped the unfortunate heroine forget about the oppression from the Kabanikhi. Katerina realized that she was doing wrong and could not live with it, but her feelings turned out to be stronger, and she cheated on her husband. Tormented by remorse, the heroine repented to her husband, after which she threw herself into the river.
A. N. Ostrovsky play "Thunderstorm" "Reason and Feeling"
(Argument 246) Talking about real and sincere feelings, I would like to turn to the work of A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm". The action of the play takes place in the fictional city of Kalinovo on the banks of the Volga. The main characters of the play are Katerina and Kabanikha. In the nineteenth century, girls were given in marriage not for love, everyone wanted to give their daughter to a richer family. Katerina found herself in such a situation. She finds herself in the world of Kabanikha, where outdated patriarchal morality rules. Katerina, on the other hand, strives to free herself from the shackles of coercion and worship. She is attracted by a dream, spirituality, sincerity.Katerina's character is a place of clash between piety and sinful, illegal passions. With her mind, the main character understands that she is a "husband's wife", but Katerina's soul requires love. main characterfalls in love with another man, although he tries to resist it.The heroine is given an alluring opportunity to commit this sin by meeting with her lover, to overstep what is permitted, but only on the condition that outsiders do not find out about it. Katerina takes the key to the gate in the Kabanov estate, which Varvara gives her, she accepts her sin, she takes up the protest, but dooms herself to death from the very beginning.For Katerina, the commandments of the church and the patriarchal world are of the strongest importance. She wants to be pure and flawless. After her fall, Katerina could not hide her guilt before her husband and people. She realizes the sin she has committed and at the same time wants to know the happiness of true love. She does not see forgiveness for herself and the end of the pangs of conscience, she considers her soul ruined. The feeling defeated Katerina's mind, she cheated on her husband, but the main character could not live with this, so she decides on an even more terrible sin from a religious point of view - suicide.
(Argument232) The plot of the play was the life of the inhabitants of the rooming house, people who have nothing: no money, no status, no social status, no simple bread. They do not see the meaning of their existence. But even in seemingly unbearable conditionstopics such as the question of truth and lies are raised . Thinking about thistopic , the author compares the central characters of the play. Satin and the wanderer Luke are heroes - antipodes. When Elder Luka appears in the rooming house, he tries to inspire each of the residents. With all the sincerity of feelings, he tries to inspire the unfortunate, not to let them wither away. In Luke's opinion, they could not be helped by telling the truth that nothing would change in their lives. So he lied to them, thinking that it would bring salvation for them. It will change their attitude to what is happening, instill hope in them. The hero wholeheartedly wanted to help the unfortunate, instill hope in them. The hero wholeheartedly wanted to help the unfortunate, to make their life at least a little brighter. He did not think about the fact that the sweet lie is worse than the bitter truth. Satin was harsh. He relied only on his thoughts and soberly looked at the situation. “Luke’s tales made him angry, because he is a realist and is not used to “fictitious happiness.” This hero called people not to blind hope, but to fight for their rights. Gorky posed the question to his readers - which of them is more right? I think that it is impossible to give an exact answer to this question, because it is not in vain that the author will leave it open. Everyone must decide for himself.
M. Gorky play "At the Bottom" "Reason and Feeling"
(Intro 62) Which is better, truth or compassion? It is impossible to answer this question unambiguously. If the question sounded, what is better - true or false, my answer would be unequivocal. But the concepts of truth and compassion cannot be opposed to each other. You need to look for a fine line between them. There are situations when telling the bitter truth is the only right decision. But sometimes people need sweet lies, compassion for support, for raising their spirits.
(Argument 266) The literature convinces me of the correctness of this point of view. Let us turn to M. Gorky's play "At the Bottom". The action takes place in the Kostylevs' rooming house, in which completely different people have gathered. Together they were brought together by their difficult fate. And in the lives of people who have lost everything, Elder Luke appears. He tells them what a wonderful life awaits them, how everything will change, you just have to want it. The inhabitants of this rooming house no longer hope to break out back into the people. They resigned themselves to the fact that their life is doomed, they cannot get out of poverty. But Luke is a kind person by nature, pities them and inspires hope. His comforting speeches affected each person in different ways. The two most prominent examples are Anna and Actor. Anna was seriously ill, she was dying. Luke reassures her, tells her that only good things await her in the afterlife. The elder became the last birth in her life, she asked to sit next to her and talk to her. Luke, with his compassion, helped Anna, he eased her last days of life, brought joy and hope to them. And Anna went to the next world with a calm soul. But with the Actor, compassion played a cruel joke. Luca told him about a hospital where the body is relieved of the effects of alcohol. The actor was very worried about the fact that his body was poisoned and was happy with Luka's stories, which gave him hope for a better life. But when the Actor found out that such a hospital did not exist, he broke down. A man believed in a better future, and then found out that his hopes were doomed. The actor could not cope with such a blow of fate and committed suicide. Chklovek is a friend of man. We must help each other, show sympathy, compassion, but we must not harm each other. Sweet lies can bring more trouble than bitter truth.
(Argument 86) The hero opposite to Luka is Satin. The stories of the old man annoyed him, because he is a realist. He's used to the harsh reality. Satin is very harsh, he thinks. What you need not to blindly hope, but to fight for your happiness. Did Satin somehow help his cohabitants with the truth? Did the inhabitants of the rooming house need another reminder that their life is at the bottom? I think not. Gorky posed a question to readers - who is right, Luka or Satin? I think that it is impossible to give an exact answer to this question, because it is not for nothing that the author left it open in his work.
(Conclusion 70) Each person must choose his own path. But we must help each other. To tell the truth or show compassion is the choice of everyone. You have to act according to the situation. The main thing is not to harm with your intervention. After all, not only our life depends on us, but also the life of our environment. With our words and actions, we influence our loved ones and acquaintances, so in every situation we should think about what is better - truth or compassion?
(Argument205) The crowning achievement of the famous Russian writer A. S. Griboyedov is the play “Woe from Wit”. It is in this work that the author touches on such important topics. As harm to servility and bureaucracy, the inhumanity of serfdom, issues of education and enlightenment, honesty in serving the fatherland and duty, originality, nationality of Russian culture. The writer also denounces the vices of people, which to this day are in each of us. On the example of the central characters of the play, Griboedov makes us think: is it always worth acting according to the will of the heart, or is cold calculation still better? The personification of commercialism, sycophancy, lies is Alexei Stepanovich Molchalin. This character is not harmless at all. With his obsequiousness, he successfully makes his way into high society. His "talents" - "moderation and accuracy" - provide him with a pass to "high society". Molchalin is a staunch conservative, dependent on the opinions of others and indulging "all people without exception." It would seem that this is the right choice, a cold mind and a hard calculation are better than the vague feelings of the heart, but the author ridicules Alexei Stepanovich, showing the reader all the insignificance of his existence. Mired in the world of hypocrisy and lies, Molchalin lost all bright and sincere feelings, which led to the complete collapse of his sinister plans. Therefore, we can say with confidence that the great Russian writer wanted to convey to the hearts of readers that the most important thing is to remain yourself, act according to your conscience and listen to your heart.
A. S. Griboedov play "Woe from Wit" "Reason and Feeling"
(Argument345) Let us turn to the play by A. S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”. In the mansion of the Moscow nobleman Famusov, a young Alexander Andreyevich Chatsky, brilliant with intelligence and wit, arrives. His heart burns with love for Sofya Famusova, it is for her sake that he returns to Moscow. In the recent past, Chatsky managed to recognize in Sophia a smart, outstanding, determined girl and fell in love with her for these qualities. When he, matured, wiser, returns to his homeland, we understand that his feelings have not cooled. He is happy to see Sophia, who has become prettier during the separation, and sincerely rejoices at the meeting. When the hero finds out that Sophia's chosen one is Molchalin, her father's secretary, he is unable to believe it. The hero perfectly sees what Molchalin really is, he does not love Sophia. Molchalin wants to move up the career ladder using a girl. For the sake of this, he does not shun hypocrisy or meanness. Chatsky's mind refuses to believe in Sophia's love for Molchalin, because he remembers her as a teenager, when love broke out between them, he thinks that Sophia could not change over the years. Chatsky cannot understand in any way that in the three years that he was gone, the Famus society left its ugly imprint on the girl. Sophia really went to a good school in her father's house, she learned to pretend, lie, dodge, but she does it not out of selfish interests, but trying to protect her love. We see that Sophia rejects Chatsky not only out of female pride, but also for the same reasons that Famus Moscow does not accept him: his independent and mocking mind frightens Sophia, he is from a different circle. Sophia is even ready to take revenge on her old close friend, who is madly in love with her: she spreads a rumor about Chatsky's madness. The hero tears not only the threads connecting him with the Famus society, he breaks his relationship with Sophia, insulted and humiliated by her choice to the core. Sophia blames herself for everything that happened. Her situation seems hopeless, because, having rejected Molchalin, having lost a devoted friend Chatsky and left with an angry father, she is again alone. Sophia tried to live with her mind, perverted in the concept of Famus society, but she could not give up her feelings, this led to the heroine getting confused, Sophia missed her love, but not only the heroine suffered from this, Chatsky's heart was broken.
N. V. Gogol story "Taras Bulba"
After graduating from the Kyiv Academy, two of his sons, Ostap and Andriy, come to the old Cossack colonel Taras Bulba. Two hefty
After a long journey, the Sich meets Taras with his sons with his wild life - a sign of the Zaporizhian will. Cossacks do not like to waste time on military exercises, collecting abusive experience only in the heat of battle. Ostap and Andriy rush with all the ardor of youths into this rampant sea. But old Taras does not like an idle life - he does not want to prepare his sons for such an activity. Having met with all his companions, he thinks out how to raise the Cossacks on a campaign, so as not to waste the Cossack prowess on an uninterrupted feast and drunken fun. He persuades the Cossacks to re-elect the Koschevoi, who keeps peace with the enemies of the Cossacks. The new Koschevoi, under the pressure of the most militant Cossacks, and above all Taras, decides to go to Poland in order to mark all the evil and shame of faith and Cossack glory.
Andriy realized that he was betraying his father, went on about his feelings. Feelings are stronger than reason
And soon the entire Polish south-west becomes the prey of fear, the rumor running ahead: “Cossacks! The Cossacks showed up! In one month, young Cossacks matured in battles, and old Taras is pleased to see that both of his sons are among the first. The Cossack army is trying to take the city of Dubna, where there is a lot of treasury and rich inhabitants, but they meet desperate resistance from the garrison and residents. The Cossacks besiege the city and wait for the famine to begin in it. Having nothing to do, the Cossacks devastate the surroundings, burn out defenseless villages and unharvested grain. The young, especially the sons of Taras, do not like this kind of life. Old Bulba reassures them, promising hot fights soon. On one of the dark nights, Andria is awakened from sleep by a strange creature that looks like a ghost. This is a Tatar, a servant of the very Polish woman with whom Andriy is in love. The Tatar woman whispers that the pannochka is in the city, she saw Andriy from the city rampart and asks him to come to her or at least give a piece of bread for her dying mother. Andriy loads the sacks with bread as much as he can carry, and the Tatar woman leads him through the underground passage to the city. Having met his beloved, he renounces his father and brother, comrades and homeland: “The homeland is what our soul is looking for, which is dearest to her. My fatherland is you." Andriy stays with the lady to protect her to the last breath from her former comrades.
Final essay- this is an exam format that allows you to evaluate several aspects of a student's knowledge at once. Among them: vocabulary, knowledge of literature, the ability to express one's point of view in writing. In a word, this format makes it possible to assess the student's general knowledge of both the language and subject knowledge.
1. 3 hours 55 minutes are allotted for the final essay, the recommended length is 350 words.
2. Date of the final essay 2016-2017. In the 2015-2016 academic year, it was held on December 2, 2015, February 3, 2016, May 4, 2016. In 2016-2017 - December 7, February 1, May 17.
3. The final essay (statement) is held on the first Wednesday of December, the first Wednesday of February and the first working Wednesday of May.
The purpose of the essay is reasoning, a competently and clearly built point of view of the student using examples from the literature within the framework of a given topic. It is important to note that the topics do not indicate a specific work for analysis, it is of an oversubject nature.
Topics of the final essay on literature 2016-2017
Topics are formed from two lists: open and closed. The first is known in advance, reflects approximate general themes, they are formulated as concepts that contradict each other.
A closed list of topics is announced 15 minutes before the start of the composition - these are more specific topics.
An open list of topics for the final essay 2016-2017:
1. "Mind and Feeling",
2. "Honor and dishonor",
3. "Victory and defeat",
4. "Experience and mistakes",
5. "Friendship and enmity".
The topics are presented in a problematic way, the names of the topics are antonyms.
An approximate list of references for all those who will write the final essay (2016-2017):
1. A.M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil"
2. A.P. Chekhov "Ionych"
3. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", "Eugene Onegin", "The Stationmaster"
4. B.L. Vasiliev "I was not on the lists",
5. V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains"
6. V.V. Bykov "Sotnikov"
7. V.P. Astafiev "Tsar-fish"
8. Henry Marsh "Do No Harm"
9. Daniel Defoe "Robinson Crusoe",
10. Jack London "White Fang",
11. Jack London "Martin Eden",
12. I.A. Bunin "Clean Monday"
13. I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
14. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
15. M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don"
16. M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"
17. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", "The Idiot"
18. E. Hemingway "The Old Man and the Sea",
19. E.M. Remarque "All Quiet on the Western Front",
20. E.M. Remarque "Three Comrades".
Argumenyou to the topic "Mind and feeling"
The point of view should be argued, in order to properly formulate it, one should involve literary material corresponding to the topic. The argument is the main component of the essay, is one of the evaluation criteria. It has the following requirements:
1. Relevant to the theme
2. Include literary material
3. Be inscribed in the text logically, in accordance with the overall composition
4. Be communicated through quality writing
5. Be well-designed.
To the topic "Reason and Feeling" one can take arguments from the works of I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons", A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit", N.M. Karamzin "Poor Lisa", Jane Austen "Sense and Sensibility".
Examples of final essays
There are a number of essay templates. They are evaluated according to five criteria, here is an example of an essay that scored the highest score:
An example of an essay on the topic: "Should reason prevail over feelings?"
What to listen to, to reason or feelings - every person asks such a question. It is especially acute when the mind dictates one thing, and feelings contradict it. What is the voice of reason, when a person should listen more precisely to his advice, a person decides for himself, the same with feelings. Without a doubt, the choice in one or another favor depends on the specific situation. For example, even a child knows that in a stressful situation one should not panic, it is better to listen to reason. It is important not only to listen to both reason and feelings, but also to really learn to distinguish situations when it is necessary to listen to the first or to the second to a greater extent.
Since the question has always been relevant, it has found wide circulation both in Russian and in foreign literature. Jane Austen in the novel "Sense and Sensibility" on the example of two sisters reflected this eternal contradiction. Elinor, the eldest of the sisters, is sensible, but not devoid of feelings, she just knows how to manage them. Mariana is in no way inferior to her older sister, but prudence is not inherent in her in anything. The author showed how their characters affected in the test of love. In the case of her older sister, her prudence almost played a cruel joke on her, thanks to her reserved nature, she did not immediately let her lover know what she felt. Mariana, on the other hand, became a victim of feelings, so she was deceived by a young man who took advantage of her gullibility and married a wealthy lady. As a result, the older sister was ready to put up with loneliness, but the man of her heart, Edward Ferras, makes a choice in her favor, refusing not only the inheritance, but also his word: engagement with an unloved woman. Marianna, after a serious illness and deceit, grows up and agrees to an engagement with a 37-year-old captain, for whom she does not have romantic feelings, but deeply respects.
A similar choice is made by the characters in A.P. Chekhov "About Love". However, Alekhin and Anna Luganovich, succumbing to the call of reason, give up their happiness, which makes their act right in the eyes of society, but deep down in their souls, both heroes are unhappy.
So what is the mind: logic, common sense, or just boring reason? Can feelings interfere with a person's life or, on the contrary, provide an invaluable service? There is no unequivocal answer in this dispute, whom to listen to: reason or feeling. Both are equally important for a person, so you just need to learn how to use them correctly.
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