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Famous Moldovans in the world. Moldovan celebrities who received the title of People's Artist of the USSR

Real idols - who are of one, and who are of several generations. A role model for many women in Moldova, and in some cases in other countries of the former Soviet Union. It's all about them, the famous Moldavian women.

After the news spread around the world that Moldovan women are among the three most beautiful women in the world, the Sputnik correspondent decided to recall the daughters of the Moldovan land, who glorified their country and their people at the world level.

Xenia Delhi

Let's start with the easiest genre - model art. Ksenia Deli, a native of Basarabeasca, a lover of demonstrating her beautiful expensive new clothes on the Web, recently the wife of an Egyptian tycoon, became the heroine of clips by Justin Bieber, Calvin Harris and Roma Stein himself. Photos of Delhi graced the pages of Playboy, Vogue, Maxim magazines. Also, the fashion model collaborated with the global brand Victoria's Secret.

Lyanka Gryu

The daughter of the famous Moldovan and Soviet actor Georgi Gryu, she is an actress and model. In the cinema since the age of four. Positions herself as a Russian artist, but does not forget about her roots. On Gryu's account - roles in dozens of films and so far two prizes for best actress. She played in the films "Return of the Musketeers", "Pop", "Children under 16 ..." and others.

Svetlana Toma

The muse of the genius Emil Loteanu, the famous gypsy Rada from the film "The Tabor Goes to Heaven". She became famous as an actress of the Moldovan romantic cinema, as well as in a variety of roles in the works of many Soviet and Russian directors. She played in the films "Lautars", "Anna Pavlova", "Pious Martha", "My Sweet and Gentle Beast" and many others. Periodically comes to Chisinau for international cultural events.

Sofia Rotaru

People's Artist of the USSR, People's Artist of the MSSR, one of the highest paid singers of the former Soviet Union, and now not losing her popularity. I was born in the Chernivtsi region in a Moldovan family and studied, by the way, in a Moldovan school. Has a contralto voice. She was the first of the famous Soviet pop singers to sing in recitative and began to use a rhythm computer in the musical arrangement of songs. Dozens of albums, singles, awards and titles. And the poet Andrei Voznesensky dedicated the poem "Voice" to Sofia Rotaru.

Lily Amarfiy

A native of Orhei. Soviet and Russian operetta actress, soloist of the Moscow Operetta Theatre, People's Artist of Russia. She was a soloist in the Moldavian ensemble "Codru", participated in a variety ensemble, sang jazz. A graduate of GITIS, since 1972 - in the troupe of the Moscow Operetta Theater, where she worked until the end of her life. In 1985 she created her own creative team, which tours a lot in Russia and abroad with performances. She died in Moscow in 2010.

CHISINAU, Jan 15 - Sputnik. We continue the conversation about people from Moldova who have reached great heights in the field of science and art in the USSR and Russia.

Lev Berg

Zoologist and geographer. A native of Bender. Corresponding member and full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, President of the Geographical Society of the USSR, laureate of the Stalin Prize, author of fundamental works on ichthyology, geography, and the theory of evolution.

Yefim Liskun

Russian and Soviet livestock specialist, animal husbandry scientist, founder of domestic zootechnical science. A native of Atak (Otach). Academician of the All-Union Agricultural Academy of Science named after Lenin, laureate of the Stalin Prize of the second degree, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR. He was engaged in the study and improvement of domestic breeds of farm animals. Mass experiments of milking cows in 1936 in a number of collective farms in the Moscow region showed the possibility of raising their milk yield by 2-3 times. He collected a lot of material for the craniological museum of cattle. During the Great Patriotic War, Yefim Liskun donated the Stalin Prize he received to the Defense Fund.

Efim Fedotovich Liskun

Nikolai Dimo

Russian and Moldavian Soviet soil scientist, one of the founders of the Central Asian University in Tashkent. A native of Orhei. Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (without defending a dissertation). Since 1945 he was in Moldova - he headed the departments of soil science at the University of Chisinau and at the Agricultural Institute; also, in 1957-1959, he was the director of the Institute of Soil Science of the Moldavian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Nikolai Zelinsky

Russian and Soviet organic chemist, founder of a scientific school, one of the founders of organic catalysis and petrochemistry. A native of Tiraspol. Hero of Socialist Labor. Laureate of three Stalin Prizes. A special place is occupied by Zelinsky's work on adsorption and on the creation of a coal gas mask in 1915, which was put into service during the First World War in the Russian and allied armies. Zelinsky did not patent the gas mask he invented, believing that one should not profit from human misfortunes, and Russia transferred the right to produce it to the Allies.

Nikolai Zelinsky

Alexey Shchusev

Russian Soviet architect. A native of Chisinau. Graduated from the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts with a Gold Medal. His teachers were L.N. Benois and I.E. Repin. Academician of the Imperial Academy of Arts, later chairman of the Moscow Architectural Society, director of the Tretyakov Gallery. Among its buildings are residential buildings and theaters, metro stations, Kazansky railway station, Moskvoretsky bridge, an ensemble of buildings of the USSR Academy of Sciences on Leninsky Prospekt, and, most importantly, the Lenin Mausoleum.

Shchusev participated in the development of the general scheme for the reconstruction of Chisinau in 1945-1947. Shchusev also proposed a project for a bridge across the then full-flowing Byk River. The constructed bridge was much smaller than originally planned. Many projects were developed with the active consultations of Shchusev: the railway station, the Detsky Mir store, the Chisinau hotel, etc. In Chisinau, in the house where the architect was born and raised, there is now a museum that stores his personal belongings, photographs and documents.

Alexey Shchusev

Alexander Frumkin

Soviet physical chemist, organizer of science, author of fundamental works in modern electrochemistry. A native of Chisinau. The founder of electrochemical kinetics, one of the founders of the modern theory of electrochemical processes, the creator of the Soviet electrochemical scientific school. Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, foreign member of several academies of sciences and scientific societies of the world, laureate of the Lenin Prize and three Stalin Prizes, Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the palladium medal of the American Electrochemical Society. Director of the Institute of Physical Chemistry and the Institute of Electrochemistry (now named after A. N. Frumkin) of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Alexander Frumkin

Evgeny Fedorov

Soviet geophysicist, head of the Hydrometeorological Service of the USSR. A native of Bender. State and public figure, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, lieutenant general of the engineering service. Organizer and director of the Institute of Applied Geophysics of the USSR Hydrometeorological Service.

Evgeny Fedorov

Ilya Bogdesko

Moldovan Soviet chart. A native of the village of Bratushany. People's Artist of the USSR, full member of the Academy of Arts. Member of the Great Patriotic War, was drafted into the Red Army in 1942. He was the chief artist of the publishing house "Cartya Moldovenyaske". The author of lyrical, emotionally intense illustrations for Gogol's "Sorochinsky Fair", Pushkin's "Gypsies", the Moldavian folk ballad "Mioritsa", as well as a series of colored linocuts "My Motherland". Created a series of 33 illustrations for "Don Quixote" by Cervantes. He designed more than 100 books, and many of his graphic cycles have become classics of the book illustration genre.

Yuri Borodaki

Russian scientist, specialist in the field of information technology, information and control systems for state, military and national economic purposes. A native of the village of Pyrzhota, Ryshkansky district. Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation. Author of over 250 scientific papers, including 6 monographs, 13 patents and 14 copyright certificates for inventions. General designer of automated control systems for troops of the military district, front, chief designer of a number of automated control and communication systems in a protected design and products included in them, created in the interests of the power structures of Russia.

Alexandra Buzhilova

Russian archaeologist and anthropologist. A native of Chisinau. Director of the Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Scientific interests — paleoanthropology, paleodemography, paleoecology and adaptation, diseases of ancient people, bioarchaeological reconstruction, paleogenetics. Author and co-author of more than 200 scientific papers, including 21 monographs (19 of them with co-authors).

Alexandra Buzhilova

We continue a series of articles about people from Moldova who left their mark on world art, science or social activities. Today we will talk about politicians: the president of Germany, the mayor of Chicago, the founder of Tel Aviv and other famous personalities who have Moldovan roots.

FORMER PRESIDENT OF GERMANY HORST KÖHLER

Horst Köhler, a German statesman and politician, was born on February 22, 1943 in a family of Bessarabian Germans, who in 1940 moved from the Moldavian village of Ryshkany to Poland. Horst was born in the city of Heidenstein (now Skerbeshuv). His mother Louise, née Bernhardt, was born in 1904 in Romania and married at the age of 20. In this marriage, 8 children appeared, Horst was the seventh in a row, only his sister Ursula was younger than him.

In May 2004, Köhler was elected President of Germany. On July 1, 2004, he took office and became the ninth president in the country's history. In 2009 he was re-elected for a second term. On May 31, 2010, it became known that Horst Köhler was resigning. He was succeeded as President of Germany by Christian Wulff.

Mayor of the City of Chicago Rahm Emanuel

Ram Israel Emanuel was born on November 29, 1959. His grandfather, a Romanian Jew, was born in Moldova. Ram Israel Emanuel was elected mayor of the city of Chicago in 2011 and was re-elected to this position in 2015. Rahm Emanuel is one of the most prominent American mayors. Emanuel's administration from his first days in office began to work on the availability of information about city social services and government for citizens.

US President Donald Trump has signed an executive order that would cut funding to so-called sanctuary cities. Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel responded by saying that Chicago would continue to protect migrants from deportation.

MEIR DIZENGOFF - THE FOUNDER OF TEL AVIV AND ITS LEGENDARY FIRST MAYOR

The future founder and mayor of Tel Aviv, Meir Dizengoff, was born in one of the villages of the Orhei district and grew up in Chisinau. In 1909, he became one of the founders of the Jewish settlement Ahuzat Bayt near Jaffa, from which Tel Aviv subsequently developed. In 1910, Dizengoff was elected head of the committee of the new settlement, and since 1921 he became the first mayor of Tel Aviv and remained in this post almost until the end of his life, showing an outstanding talent as an organizer.

ALEXANDER KADAKIN - AMBASSADOR OF RUSSIA TO INDIA

Alexander Kadakin, an outstanding Russian diplomat, Russian Ambassador who lived in India for 45 years, who did a lot for fruitful relations between these two countries, was born in Chisinau on July 22, 1949. In his native city he studied at school number 37.

In addition to his political activities, Alexander Kadakin was an academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. He has published over 50 articles in newspapers and scientific journals in Russia, India and Sweden. He was the author of a number of books. He spoke Hindi, English, Urdu, French and Romanian and was engaged in translations.

AVIGDOR LIBERMAN - MINISTER OF DEFENSE OF ISRAEL

Avigdor Lieberman was born in the family of Lev Yankelevich and Esther Markovna Lieberman. The Lieberman family lived in a private house on Omskaya Street (now Lakuluy). The house has not been preserved, a new one has already been built there and completely different people live. From the old house on Omskaya, Evit Lvovich Lieberman (as his name appears in school documents) went in 1965 to the 41st school, which he completed very successfully. After graduating from school, Avigdor entered the Agricultural Institute, at the Faculty of Hydrology. In 1978, Avigdor Lieberman immigrated to Israel with his parents. He worked as a loader at the Ben-Gurion Airport, served in the Israel Defense Forces, rising to the rank of Rav Turai (similar to the rank of junior sergeant).

The track record of Avigdor Lieberman in government positions is very long. But on May 25, 2016, he was appointed Israeli Defense Minister. Lieberman became the first Russian-speaking head of the Israeli defense department.

VASILE MEMELIGE - LEADER OF THE 1894 INDONESIA REVOLUTION

Today it is fashionable to travel to the sunny island of Bali, and our compatriot visited there back in 1894. And not only visited, but also became the founder of the revolutionary historical events of that time. His name was Vasile Mamaliga. He was a thunderstorm for the Dutch, an authority for the locals, a friend of the British, and the island of Bali never became a Russian colony. Vasile Mamaliga turned history in a different direction.

Mameliga Vasile Panteleimonovich was born on March 20, 1865 in the village of Pashkani, Buzhora region, Chisinau district, Bessarabian province, in the family of a local church clerk. In 1886 he was in Singapore, having previously visited Vladivostok, Hankou, Fuzhou and Canton. Not later than 1892, he entered the service of the Raja of Lombok.

Maligan, Malygin, Mamaliga - this is how our countryman called himself, who tried to participate alone in the division of the world, having won the island of Lombok from the Dutch. A hundred years ago he was well known in Holland, Great Britain, Russia. He was called differently: a Marxist, an adventurer, a dangerous rebel, a bandit, an adventurer, a spy ...

The Moldovan people became famous throughout Europe for their unique culture. In a small country, people live who can surprise with unusual crafts, music and observance of ancient customs. Despite the difficult times, the Moldovans keep the culture as the apple of their eye and share it with everyone who wants to touch the amazing.

Name

The origin of the country's name is a matter of much debate. Most historians believe that the word "Moldova" comes from the name of the river. In some sources, the river is called "Molda", which means "trough". In the Middle Ages, there were many supporters of the reverse version, according to which the river was named after the country.

Where do they live (territory)

Most Moldovans live in Moldova. There are more than 2.7 million of them in the country. The distribution in southeastern Europe is generally high, although a significant proportion also reside in other countries. These are Russia, Ukraine, Italy, Spain, Belarus, Canada, USA and others.

culture

The folk art of Moldova can be considered a real treasury. Over a long history, Moldovans have managed to create a lot of spiritual values, making a great contribution to world culture.
There are many churches, cathedrals and temples. Each of them is unique in its own way. For example, the Kalarashovsky convent demonstrates a typical Slavic architectural style, while the Cathedral is more European. The monumental image of the Capriana Monastery makes a strong impression and often arouses admiration among tourists.
No less important for the people is music. Moldovans honor national traditions and use tools that have no analogues in the world. The nai wind instrument, which is a multi-barreled flute (may consist of 8 or more pipes), appears to be very peculiar. The attitude towards music in Moldova can be compared with fanaticism. Many residents are fond of this kind of art from an early age. A striking example is Cleopatra Stratan, who began performing on stage from the age of 3 and was listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the youngest performer in the world.
Humor is another kind of national treasure. Moldovans often like to joke, considering humor to be the most important phenomenon in a person's life. Humorous skits are regularly shown in theaters; residents get acquainted with jokes from childhood. Everyone's favorite fairy tale is the story of Pecala and Tyndala.

1. Moldova (in the Moldavian language "Moldova") - is located in southeastern Europe. In the north, south and east it borders on Ukraine, in the west - on Romania.

2. The first mention of this territory refers to events that took place 1.2 million years ago. This is confirmed by archaeological finds.

3. The total area of the country - 33846 square meters. kilometers. Population -3.6 million inhabitants.

4. Moldova is considered one of the most densely populated countries in Europe. The population density in the country is approximately 132 people per square kilometer.

5. The name of the country comes from the Moldavian Principality, which, in turn, received its name from the Moldovan River. But the Moldova River itself does not flow on the territory of modern Moldova, it is located in nearby Romania.

Kishinev

6. The capital of the state is the city of Chisinau. At the beginning of the 20th century, Chisinau was the only major city in the Russian Empire with a Jewish majority.

7. The capital of Moldova was destroyed in 1940. Then two misfortunes happened at once, first a strong earthquake, and then German air raids. As a result, Chisinau was practically destroyed.

8. Moldova is a unitary state and a parliamentary republic. The head of state is the president, elected by parliament for a term of 4 years. The unicameral parliament is the highest legislative body, also elected for 4 years by popular vote. The prime minister leads the government.

9. The official language in Moldova is the Moldovan language. It belongs to the group of Romance languages, the Balkan-Romance subgroup. The language has a Latin basis and is practically identical to the literary Romanian language.

10. The language of the Gagauz people living in the south of the country is endangered. It is protected by UNESCO.

11. Bison is one of the symbols of Moldovan statehood and is depicted on the coat of arms of Moldova. In the Middle Ages, the bison's head was depicted on the coat of arms of the voivode Stefan cel Mare. For many centuries, it was the bison who were the owners of the Moldavian forests. But for more than 300 years bison did not live in these parts. They were exterminated at the end of the 17th century.

12. In 2005, the President of Poland gave Moldova a nice gift - three bison were brought to the country. They live in the Padurea domneasca nature reserve.

13. Large cities of Moldova - Chisinau, Tiraspol, Balti, Bendery, Rybnitsa.

14. All rivers in the country belong to the Black Sea basin, the largest are the Dniester and the Prut.

15. More than 90% of Moldovans are Orthodox Christians. The Gagauz and the Slavic minority are also adherents of Orthodoxy. There are also representatives of other confessions in the country - Jews, Catholics, Protestants, Muslims.

Vineyards in Moldova

16. Moldova is a country of vineyards and winemaking. Even its outlines on the map resemble a bunch of grapes. ¼ of the country's population is engaged in the cultivation of grapes.

17. Moldavian wine factory "Small Milesti" - included in the Guinness Book of Records as the owner of the largest collection of wines in the world. (1.5 million bottles, 80 different titles).

18. Presence of a separated territory in the country. Of course, this is Transnistria. The region declared itself independent, although it did not receive international recognition.

19. In the unrecognized Transnistrian Moldavian Republic, the Moldovan language is based on the Cyrillic script.

20. In honor of the Moldovans, the historical district of Odessa, Moldavanka, was named, although mainly Jews lived there.

Sofia Rotaru

21. Famous natives of Moldova: Nikolai Milescu-Spataru - Russian diplomat and scientist. Mikhail Frunze - legendary military leader, Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. Grigory Kotovsky is no less legendary red commander. Sergei Lazo - Commander of the Trans-Baikal Front in the Civil War. Mikhail Volontir - actor, "Budulai of All Rus'" and chief ensign of the Airborne Forces. Sofia Rotaru - People's Artist of the USSR, Moldova and Ukraine. Nadezhda Chepraga - singer, People's Artist of Moldova. Eugen Doga is a Moldovan composer. Emil Loteanu is a well-known film director, screenwriter and poet. Svetlana Toma is a Moldovan actress. Boris Zakhoder - Soviet poet and children's writer. Ion Suruceanu - singer, Honored Artist of Moldova.

22. The national currency of Moldova is the Moldovan leu (MDL). There are 100 bani in one lei. 1 US dollar - approximately 16.5 lei. You can exchange currency in banks and in numerous exchange offices.

23. Every fifth inhabitant of Moldova, according to statistics, lives in Chisinau.

24. Moldova is the least visited European country.

25. This is one of the five most drinking nations in the world. Experts from the World Health Organization assure that every year a resident of Moldova consumes 16.8 liters of alcohol on average.

Cave in the village of Kriva

26. Moldavian cave in the village of Kriva is one of the largest caves in the world. The length of the underground galleries of the cave is more than 89 kilometers and consists of several levels. In terms of area, it ranks 3rd among gypsum caves and 8th among the largest caves in the world.

27. In Moldova, you can see medieval castles of the 18th century.

28. Here are the strangest places to attract tourists. In particular, these are the castles and palaces that the Roma built in Soroca.

29. Most Moldovans know two or three languages. Initially, Moldovans speak Romanian, Russian or Gagauz. But most often they know two of these three languages, or all at once.

30. Moldova is one of the poorest countries in Europe. So far, it has not been possible to defeat low wages and incomes. But the locals are trying.

31. At the same time, Moldovan black soil is included in the list of the most fertile lands in the world.

32. Due to diplomatic conflicts between Chisinau and Moscow in 2006, Moldova lost an important market - the Russian one.

Cricova wine cellars in Moldova

33. In early 2014, Russia allowed the supply of products to five wine companies from the Gagauz autonomy of Moldova, as well as the unrecognized republic of Transnistria. Both territories are politically and economically oriented towards Russia.

34. Moldovans are strong. No, not all of them are strong. There is one particular one - Nikolai Birliba, who lifted a 16-kilogram weight 2575 times! To this we must add that Moldova shows the best results at the Olympics in weightlifting.

35. The country debuted in Eurovision in 2005. Then the group Zdob si Zdub took sixth place.

Monastery complex Old Orhei

36. Old Orhei is a monastery complex that appeared more than two thousand years ago.

37. Few people know why in the 1990s the Gagauz used a blue flag with the image of a wolf's head in demonstrations. And the thing is that blue is the traditional color of the Turks, and the wolf is the mythical progenitor of the people. According to legend, after a devastating raid of enemies, a wolf found a miraculously surviving little boy in the forest and nursed him. He became the ancestor of the Turks (Gagauz).

38. From 1354 to 1862 the territory of Moldova was ruled by 170 people. The first ruler was Dragos, the founder of the Moldavian Principality. The last was Alexander Ioan Cuza, who united Wallachia and the Moldavian principality into a single state, on the basis of which Romania was created.

39. Moldova was the first post-Soviet country to elect a communist president in 2001.

40. The country lived for 3 years without a president. Nikolai Timofti became head of state only in 2012, before that, due to the political crisis, there was no president in the country.

41. Herons in the Moldavian nature reserve "Padurea domneasca" do not nest in the reeds, but in the trees! Locals call this place "Country of herons" - a real paradise for these birds listed in the Red Book.

42. Moldovans love Christmas so much that they celebrate it 2 times a year.

43. Hominy - corn porridge - is considered our national dish and a hallmark of Moldova. However, corn was brought to Moldova in the 17th century, while the rest of Europe tasted it at the end of the 15th century.

44. Traditionally, corn and its dishes were purely peasant food, and only in recent decades has it become a food for everyone.

45. By the way, many dishes that we consider Moldovan are not. For example, givech, moussaka and chorba, we borrowed from the Ottoman Empire.

46. Moldova is great for bird lovers, because at any time of the year you can meet hundreds of species of birds, both resident and migratory.

47. Moldova is the 7th walnut growing country in the world.

48. The main rule that must be strictly observed if you come to the house of a Moldavian - take off your shoes!

49. National food - mamalyga porridge, the inhabitants of the country usually eat in combination with muzhdey, sour cream, cheese, fried meat or fish.

50. In Moldova there is a whole day devoted to wine. Rather, they have 2 days dedicated to wine. Usually this holiday is celebrated in November, and it includes exhibitions, concerts and tastings.

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