What are the emotions of a person list. What are emotions? General definition of the concept

It's no secret that emotions play an important role in our lives. Communicating with people, you can probably notice that people show emotions in different ways, share their feelings.

Emotions are an adaptive mechanism that is inherent in us by nature to assess the situation. After all, a person does not always have time when he can correctly and accurately assess what is happening to him. Suppose in a situation of danger ... And then once - I felt something and there is a feeling that I either “like” or “dislike”.

Moreover, the emotional assessment is the most correct - nature cannot deceive. Emotional evaluation occurs very quickly and reason and logic are not "mixed" here. After all, you can logically explain anything and give a bunch of all sorts of rational arguments.

Watching people (including myself) I notice that there are situations in which people either ignore their emotions, or try not to notice them, or simply do not realize. I will not now make assumptions about the reasons for this, I will only say that without listening to himself, to his emotional life, a person cannot adequately and fully perceive the situation, and thereby make the most effective decision.

IN ordinary life this can manifest itself in the fact that by ignoring or repressing their emotions, a person can create an incorrect belief for himself. For example, if a wife is ignorant/unconscious or unwilling to admit her anger towards her husband, she may take her anger out on another person or children in a completely different situation.

Or, I had a client who had this belief: “I can’t offend a person, upset him.” As it turned out, if a person gets angry, then she will experience guilt, which she did not want to meet.

In my consultations, I very often come across the emotional sphere. I once noticed that it is sometimes very difficult for people to say what they really feel or what emotion they are experiencing right now. Even if a person realizes that he has some feeling now, sometimes it is very difficult to say it in words, to name it.

One of my clients told me so: “I feel a GOOD feeling, but I don’t know what it’s called ..”.

And I decided to fill this gap on the pages of my site. Below is a list of emotions and feelings that I managed to find, I hope that after reading it, you can significantly replenish the awareness of what can happen to you.

And by the way, you can check yourself: before reading the list, I suggest you make it yourself, and then compare how complete your list is ...

1. Psychological characteristics of the atmosphere of society

(and related human states)

	Aggressiveness
	Greed
	Altruism
	Anomie, (deviant behavior: suicidal ideation, apathy, frustration, illegal behavior).
	Irresponsibility
	Lack of ideas
	Unselfishness
	lack of rights
	unscrupulousness
	impudence
	Mutual Aid
	Understanding
	mutual respect
	Hostility
	Permissiveness
	Coarseness
	Discipline
	good faith
	Cruelty
	law-abiding
	Intelligence
	Intelligence
	Sincerity
	Conflict
	Creativity
	Xenophobia (fear or hatred of someone or something alien, unfamiliar, unusual)
	culture
	Mafia
	commercialism
	Courage
	Impudence
	Reliability
	tension
	Bad manners
	Hatred
	Optional
	Moral
	Optimism
	Responsiveness
	Patriotism
	meanness
	Suspicion
	Decency
	Psychological safety
	idle talk
	Swagger
	Rationality
	self control
	foul language
	Modesty
	Sympathy
	calmness
	Justice
	Tact
	Anxiety
	industriousness
	Familiarity
	Civilization
	Humanity
	Honesty

2. List of basic emotions and feelings

Positive

1. Pleasure

2. Joy.

3. Rejoicing.

4. Delight.

5. Pride.

6. Confidence.

7. Trust.

8. Sympathy.

9. Admiration.

10. Love (sexual).

11. Love (affection).

12. Respect.

13. Tenderness.

14. Gratitude (gratitude).

15. Tenderness.

16. Complacency.

17. Bliss

18. Schadenfreude.

19. Feeling of satisfied revenge.

20. Good conscience.

21. Feeling of relief.

22. Feeling of self-satisfaction.

23. Feeling safe.

24. Anticipation.

Neutral

25. Curiosity.

26. Surprise.

27. Amazement.

28. Indifference.

29. Calm and contemplative mood.

Negative

30. Displeasure.

31. Woe (sorrow).

33. Sadness (sadness).

34. Despair.

35. Grief.

36. Anxiety.

38. Fear.

41. Pity.

42. Sympathy (compassion).

43. Regret.

44. Annoyance.

46. ​​Feeling insulted.

47. Indignation (indignation).

48. Hatred.

49. Dislike.

50. Envy.

52. Anger.

53. Despondency.

55. Jealousy.

57. Uncertainty (doubt).

58. Distrust.

60. Confusion.

61. Fury.

62. Contempt.

63. Disgust.

64. Disappointment.

65. Disgust.

66. Dissatisfaction with oneself.

67. Repentance.

68. Remorse of conscience.

69. Impatience.

70. Bitterness.

The feelings we have listed do not exhaust the whole palette, the whole variety of emotional states of a person. A comparison with the colors of the solar spectrum is appropriate here. There are 7 main tones, but how many more intermediate colors do we know and how many shades can be obtained by mixing them!

It is difficult to say how many different emotional states there can be - but, in any case, there are immeasurably more than 70. Emotional states are highly specific, even if they have the same name with modern rough methods of evaluation. There are apparently many shades of anger, joy, sadness, and other feelings.

Love for big brother and love for younger sister- similar, but far from the same feelings. The first is colored with admiration, pride, sometimes envy; the second is a sense of superiority, a desire to provide patronage, sometimes pity and tenderness. A completely different feeling is love for parents, love for children. But for the designation of all these feelings, we use one name.

The division of feelings into positive and negative is by no means done by us on ethical grounds, but solely on the basis of the pleasure or displeasure delivered. Therefore, gloating turned out to be in the column of positive, and sympathy - negative feelings. As you can see, there are more negative ones than positive ones. Why? Several explanations can be offered.

The argument is sometimes made that there are simply many more words expressing unpleasant feelings in the language, because in good mood a person is generally less prone to introspection. We find this explanation unsatisfactory.

The initial biological role of emotions is signaling, according to the “pleasant-unpleasant”, “safe-dangerous” type. Apparently, the signaling “dangerous” and “unpleasant” is more essential for an animal, it is vitally important, more relevant, because it directs its behavior in critical situations.

It is clear that such information in the process of evolution should receive priority over information that signals “comfort”.

But what has historically developed can change historically. When a man masters the laws social development, then this will change his emotional life, moving the center of gravity towards positive, pleasant feelings.

Let's go back to the list of feelings. If you carefully read all 70 items, you will notice that some of the listed feelings coincide in content and differ only in intensity. For example, surprise and amazement differ only in strength, that is, in degree of expression. The same anger and rage, pleasure and bliss, etc. Therefore, some clarifications need to be made to the list.

Feelings usually come in four main forms:

1. Actually feeling.

2. Affect.

3. Passion.

4. Mood.

Definition feelings given by us above.

Affect - this is a very strong short-term feeling associated with a motor reaction (or with complete immobility - numbness. But numbness is also a motor reaction).

Passion called a strong and lasting feeling.

Mood - the resultant of many feelings. This state is distinguished by a certain duration, stability and serves as a background against which all other elements of mental activity proceed.

Thus, if we consider surprise to be a feeling, then amazement is the same feeling in terms of maintenance, but brought to the degree of affect (recall the final silent scene of The Inspector General).

Likewise, we call anger, brought to the degree of passion, rage, bliss is the affect of pleasure, delight is the affect of joy, despair is the affect of grief, horror is the affect of fear, adoration is love, which in duration and strength has become passion, etc.

3. Option: List of basic emotions and feelings

There is no definitive list of emotions either in psychology or in physiology. You can count more 500 different emotional states . In conversational practice, people often use the same word to refer to different experiences, and their real nature becomes clear only from the context. At the same time, the same emotion can be denoted by different words.

АзартБезмятежностьБезразличиеБеспомощность БессилиеБлагодарность БодростьВдохновениеВинаВозмущениеВолнениеВоодушевлениеВосторгВосхищениеВысокомериеГневГордостьГордыняГореГрустьДовольствоДосада Драйв,Жалость, Забота, Зависть Заинтересованность Заискивание Замешательство ЗаносчивостьЗастенчивость ЗлорадствоЗлостьИзумлениеИнтересИронияИспуг Ликование Лукавство Любование ЛюбопытствоМольба МрачностьНадежда НадменностьНапряжение, Настороженность Невозмутимость НегодованиеНежность,Неловкость Нетерпение ОбескураженностьОбида, Обреченность Озабоченность Озорство ОмерзениеОскорбленность,Осторожность Отвращение Оторопь Отрешенность Отстраненность ОцепенениеПечальПлаксивость ПодавленностьПодозрительность Покорность Покровительственность Порыв Потерянность Превосходство ПредвкушениеПрезрениеПренебрежение ПытливостьРадостьРаздражение Рассеянность ,Confusion, Rage SarcasmGrievingBoredomLaughter EmbarrassmentConfusion CollectednessRegretCalm ShynessSufferingFear StrivingShameAnxiety Awe EnthusiasmSurpriseSatisfactionPleasure Dejection Emotional AppeasementDespondencyPersistenceFatigue RegalnessEuphoriaExaltationEcstasyEnergyEnthusiasmRage...

However, some researchers believe that there are few basic, elementary emotions, and the whole huge list of emotions is the construction of these bricks, their combination. So, for example, anger is disgust plus aggression. And love is joy when a loved one is near and sadness when apart; aggression - in this case, this is the desire to be near; fear - fear of losing the object of love ... What emotions can be classified as elementary? The list of elementary emotions is controversial. Different lists of elementary emotions offer Izard,McDowell and other researchers.

IN gestalt therapy it is believed that the elementary emotions of all five : MAD - anger, aggression, disgust. SAD - sadness, sadness, suffering. GLAD - joy. SCARED - fear. SEXY - pleasure, bliss, tenderness.

All the diversity of emotions is not limited to elementary and composite emotions. Having a more complex and original structure - complex emotions. Bright sadness, tender gratitude, pride in success...

Man is a unique being who also has feelings. They help to express an attitude towards another person or a reaction to an event, whether it is sad or cheerful. That is why it is necessary to understand what emotions are and what they mean.

What emotions does a person have?

Emotions are a reaction to a situation that lasts a short time. They are easy to see, they lie on the surface. You can always understand whether a person is happy or sad.

There are three groups of emotions:

1. Positive.
2. Negative.
3. Neutral.

Each group is divided into many emotions that a person can feel. most big group are negative emotions, in second place are positive ones. But there are very few neutrals.

What are the types of emotions?

In addition to the groups of emotions listed above, there are two more types, depending on human activity - sthenic and asthenic. The first type pushes a person to some action, the second, on the contrary, makes a person passive and aggressive. Each person is individual, which is why emotions affect everyone differently and it is very important to know what positive, negative and neutral emotions are.

A person perceives what is happening and shows his feelings, and this happens very often unconsciously. But after a moment, a person can come to his senses and hide his emotions. This suggests that emotions can be controlled, you just need to learn how to do it.

Should emotions be suppressed?

Emotions are given in order to become human. They have a strong effect on a person. It is thanks to emotions that a person stands at the highest level of the animal world.

Nowadays people prefer to hide their trying to be under the mask of indifference to everything is both bad and good at the same time.

Good, because others know less, which means that they will do less harm, that is, a person becomes less vulnerable. And it’s bad because hiding emotions, a person becomes indifferent, callous, and after a while he generally forgets what emotions and feelings are. This can lead to chronic depression. That is why it is best not to restrain your emotions, but to splash them out. Of course, if they are negative, then it is better to throw them out in some secluded place so that no one sees.

It is no secret that only a person can experience a huge amount of emotions. No other living being in the world has this property. Although the disputes between the scientific fraternity still do not subside, but the majority is inclined to believe that our smaller, highly developed brothers are capable of experiencing some emotions. I completely agree with them. It is enough to look at the dog, which was shown a treat and then immediately hid it.

But back to man. What emotions do a person have, where do they come from and in general, what are they for?

What is emotion. Do not confuse with feelings!

Emotion is a short-term reaction to a situation. And feelings do not disappear under the flow of emotions or situations, they are stable and in order to destroy them, you have to try hard.

Example: The girl saw her young man with another. She is angry, upset and offended. But after talking with the guy, it turned out that it was his cousin who came to visit today. The situation was resolved, the emotions passed, and the feeling - love, did not disappear anywhere, even at the moment of the strongest passions.

I hope that you caught the difference between feelings and emotions.

In addition, emotions lie on the surface. You will always see when a person is funny, his fear or amazement. And feelings lie deep, you can’t get to them so easily. After all, it often happens when you despise a person, but due to the prevailing circumstances, you are forced to communicate with him, while portraying a positive attitude.

Classification of emotions

There are dozens of emotions. We will not consider everything, we will focus only on the most basic ones.

Three groups can be distinguished:

• Positive.
• Negative.
• Neutral.

In each of the groups there are quite a few emotional shades, so it is almost impossible to calculate the exact number. The list of human emotions presented below is not complete, since there are many intermediate feelings, as well as a symbiosis of several emotions at the same time.

The biggest group is the negative ones, the second one is the positive ones. The neutral group is the smallest.

That's where we'll start.

Neutral emotions

These include:

• Curiosity,
• Amazement,
• Indifference,
• Contemplation,
• Astonishment.

Positive emotions

These include everything that is connected with a feeling of joy, happiness and satisfaction. That is, with the fact that a person is pleased and really wants to continue.

• Direct joy.
• Delight.
• Pride.
• Confidence.
• Confidence.
• Delight.
• Tenderness.
• Gratitude.
• jubilation.
• Bliss.
• Calm.
• Love.
• Sympathy.
• Anticipation.
• Respect.

This is not a complete list, but at least I tried to remember the most basic positive human emotions. If you forgot something - write in the comments.

negative emotions

The group is large. It would seem, for what they are needed. After all, it’s good when everything is only positive, there is no anger, anger and resentment. Why is a person negative? I can say one thing - without negative emotions, we would not appreciate the positive ones. And, as a result, they would have a completely different attitude to life. And, as it seems to me, they would be callous and cold.

The tint palette of negative emotions is as follows:

• Woe.
• Sadness.
• Anger.
• Despair.
• Anxiety.
• A pity.
• Malice.
• Hatred.
• Boredom.
• Fear.
• Resentment.
• Fright.
• Shame.
• Mistrust.
• Disgust.
• Uncertainty.
• Repentance.
• Remorse.
• Confusion.
• Horror.
• Indignation.
• Despair.
• Annoyance.

This is also far from a complete list, but even on the basis of this it is clear how rich we are in emotions. We perceive literally every little thing instantly and give out our attitude towards it in the form of emotions. Moreover, very often this happens unconsciously. After a moment, we can already control ourselves and hide the emotion, but it's too late - whoever wanted to, he already noticed and made a conclusion. By the way, the method of checking whether a person is lying or telling the truth is based on this.

There is one emotion - gloating, which is not clear where to stick, either positive or negative. It seems that by gloating, a person evokes positive emotions for himself, but at the same time, this emotion produces a destructive effect in his own soul. That is, in fact, is negative.

Is it necessary to hide emotions

By and large, emotions are given to us for humanity. It is only thanks to them that we are several stages of development above all other individuals of the animal world. But in our world, more and more often people get used to hiding their feelings, hiding behind a mask of indifference. This is both good and bad.

Good - because the less others know about us, the less harm they can do to us.

It’s bad, because hiding our attitude, forcibly hiding emotions, we become callous, less responsive to the environment, get used to wearing a mask and completely forget who we really are. And it threatens best case prolonged depression, at worst - you will live your whole life, playing a role that no one needs, and will never become yourself.

That, in principle, is all that I can say so far about what emotions a person has. How you deal with them is up to you. I can say one thing for sure: there should be a measure in everything. It is also important not to overdo it with emotions, otherwise it will not be life, but its grotesque likeness.

What are emotions? As practice shows, not everyone can answer this question. That is, we all, to one degree or another, understand what this concept, but for some reason it is impossible to make a definition in most cases. What's the matter? Psychologists say that a person in general is difficult to explain intangible concepts, and here also the term is far from simple.

This article will try to reveal the very essence of emotions. The reader will learn exactly how they arise, why and what is their role in our mental state. Separately, such important point as the development of emotions. In general, everyone who is interested will receive answers to all questions that arise.

What are emotions? General definition of the concept

Experts from the field of psychology argue that any emotion is an information process that reflects a subjective evaluative attitude to situations that really exist or are possible.

Both positive and negative emotions are, of course, distinct from affects, feelings, and moods. But, unfortunately, to date, they have been studied very poorly, therefore this definition cannot be considered accurate enough, and it is quite easy to challenge it.

The role and nature of their occurrence

It has been established that a person needs emotions in order to assess the events taking place around and inside him. Interestingly, such a "language" is the same for all living beings. For example, a dog perfectly understands what is happening to people, simply by observing and "reading" their facial expressions and gestures.

Likewise, a child without special knowledge, enormous life experience is able not only to understand, but often to adopt both negative and positive emotions of his parents, brothers and sisters, grandparents. Moreover, this trend is observed in all corners of the globe.

True, today it has not yet been clarified exactly how this process occurs, because it is impossible to fully investigate it.

Types of emotions

These states are completely different and, as a rule, do not have a limit of the so-called tonality of manifestation. However, based on the question of what emotions are, experts distinguish their main types. It turns out that the most common are joy and anger. They can be experienced by all living beings of our planet.

The main types are determined mainly by the facial expression or behavior of a person or animal. But the extent to which emotion is experienced is unknown, for example, joy can be tinged with hope or tenderness, etc.

Neutral, positive, negative emotions. What are they?

Conventionally, these states are divided into positive, neutral and negative. Joy, love, delight, tenderness, confidence and pleasure belong to the former. The second category includes anger, anxiety, grief, fear, malevolence, revenge, anguish, fear and despair. And finally, the last ones can be called indifference, curiosity and amazement.

There is also special kind emotions called affect. It is connected with the so-called switching off of rational thinking. In this state, a kind of “emergency program” is activated in a person, and reactions such as numbness, aggression, and flight occur.

Scientists believe that the higher the creature on the evolutionary ladder, the richer is its range of emotional experiences.

External expression

All, both negative and positive emotions, are characterized by bright bodily expressions specific to them, manifested in vascular reactions, changes in breathing and blood circulation (this, in turn, makes the face turn pale or red), in a kind of facial expressions, gestures, intonations, etc.

A person has a rather complex facial musculature, which basically performs only the function of facial movements, which is fully consistent with the nature of the emotional states experienced. With the help of coordinated movements of the eyebrows, lips, cheeks, eyes, a person expresses different types moods.

By the way, not everyone knows that, for example, Charles Darwin believed that these expressive movements helped our ancestors in the struggle for existence. For example, baring teeth and growling greatly intimidated the enemy.

However, mimic movements associated with moral, intellectual emotions cannot be considered innate. They are acquired by each individual by imitation in the process of communicating with other people.

What is joy?

Joy is a positive emotional state. It is directly related to the ability to fully satisfy any current this moment need.

In addition, according to experts, joy is characterized by a feeling of special significance, love and confidence both personally and in one's future. All this gives a person a sense of the ability to overcome any difficulties and really enjoy every day, living, as they say, to the fullest.

In addition, joy is accompanied by satisfaction in relation to the environment and the world as a whole. Of course, due to external circumstances, people cannot always remain in this state.

To date, scientists have decided to divide joy into two types, namely, active and passive. Their difference lies in the levels of intensity of experiencing a given emotion. In fact, joy is never completely passive or completely active. In any case, this is a state of nervous excitement.

It actively interacts with other emotions, as well as with human perception and knowledge of the surrounding reality. In addition, joy cannot but promote intuition and creativity.

Let's talk about depression

Depression is a state in which a person experiences a complex set of emotions, including suffering, various combinations of anger, disgust, guilt, neglect, hostility, fear, shyness. In general, enough negative emotions.

However, at the same time, it must be taken into account that depression can be caused by neurophysiological and even biochemical factors. In fact, in scientific circles there is still no unity in the interpretation of the term "depression".

Some scientists believe that the systematic effects of pain or threat lead to depression, fear and suffering. Some supporters of behaviorism believe that people in this state lose absolutely all types of adaptive behavior, which means that their life turns into an absolute nightmare, which they cannot resist.

Psychoanalysts point out that possible cause depression can be a decrease in self-esteem, self-esteem, self-confidence and an increase in fatigue.

The key emotion in this state is suffering.

How emotions affect a person

What are emotions, we have already more or less figured out. But what role do they play in our lives?

Experts are sure that the same emotion can be experienced in completely different ways by different people or even by the same individual in each individual situation.

Emotions primarily affect the perception of the world, namely, life will develop in a pessimistic or optimistic direction. They also depend on memory, thinking and imagination.

Complexes associated with emotions affect the study, play and work of each person. For example, when an individual feels disgust for some object, he tries in any way to avoid it.

Psychologists are also sure that special states of consciousness that arise due to interest or joy in every possible way affect the intuitive and non-verbal cognition man of the surrounding reality.