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An essay that unites the peoples of the Russian Federation. What unites the people of Russia? National composition of the state

May 18, 2014

What unites the peoples of the Russian Federation? Is there something fundamentally new that this civilization can offer the planet in times of crisis? To find the answer to such a multifaceted question, it is necessary to use the rules of analysis and decompose it into its components.

National composition of the state

According to statistics, representatives of more than a hundred nationalities live in the country, twenty-two of them (data of 2010) are recognized as numerous. In order to understand what unites the peoples of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to delve into boring numbers. They will tell you a lot. Naturally, Russians (80.9%) form the basis of the population. But the analysis says that this figure is growing (0.3%), despite the decrease in the total population. Statistics cannot tell about the unity of all people, but reflects general trends, among which it should be noted the increase in the share of the country's indigenous peoples in the total population. For example, the census showed an increase in the number of peoples such as Buryats (3.6%), Yakuts (7.7%), Ingush (7.7%). There is some outflow of citizens to national states (Belarusians). It is clear that statistics will not tell you what unites the peoples of the Russian Federation. It only shows that people in the country live well, since they do not leave it, but coexist harmoniously.

What do the lawyers say?

If we consider the issue from the point of view of the law, then we will find out that the territory plays an important role in the development of a multinational society. You can't argue with that. Although the Crimean events clearly show that people living in other territories also want to join this community. Another unifying factor is called legislation and language. But if you look deeper, it turns out that each of the subjects
states have their own laws, which differ from the general ones. And, of course, everyone can use their own language. No one in Russia raises the issue of Russian dominance. National minorities and indigenous peoples have the right to use the speech that is convenient and comfortable for citizens.

Traditions of the peoples of the Russian Federation

There is more than strict numbers and laws. Every nation has its own customs and way of life. They are proud of them, they try to keep them for their descendants. It turns out that more than a hundred peoples united by one territory have their own traditions. All of them are not only allowed to have and develop their own culture, this is also welcomed and stimulated by the state. This is what unites the peoples of the Russian Federation: respect for each other! Develop yourself and do not interfere with others! No, this does not mean the globalization that Western civilization brings. Peoples do not mix with each other in a common mass. Created in Russia
conditions for everyone to remain original, not to lose their individuality.

Russian world

So we have come to the very essence of the civilizational concept that is offered by Russia to the peoples of the world. Live in respect, develop as your ancestors bequeathed to you, do not lose your features! All views have the right to exist (not to be confused with tolerance). The heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation lies in the fact that on a single territory it is possible to build a civilization where everyone will feel at home. In this beautiful world, no one will be humiliated for belonging to the "wrong" national group. There is no need to teach someone how to live, what holidays to celebrate, how to speak or think. All this has already been given to people by their ancestors. They absorb traditions with mother's milk. Carrying them into the world, demonstrating their belonging to a certain culture, a person receives respect in return. All peoples of the world can become good neighbors, helping to develop, enriching each other with their uniqueness. They say that this is precisely the civilizational task of the Russian world at the present time.

Source: fb.ru

Actual

Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous

Valery Tishkov,Director of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

— We have a lot in common. Russian language, which is native to a much larger number of people in Russia than the Russian population. General knowledge of our history and culture, general understanding of values and symbols. Let not everyone know the text of the national anthem by heart, but everyone knows the flag, coat of arms and many other things that are symbolic for us.

Another component that unites the citizens of the country and makes them one nation is the feeling of belonging to Russia, what is called patriotism. Including even sports patriotism. When we unanimously cheer for national teams at major competitions, from football and hockey to the Olympics, we thereby do not divide the people of our country by nationality.

After the collapse of the USSR, the country is no longer the same in terms of its composition and territory. The concept of "Soviet people" is gone, the concept of "Russians", which has been known since pre-revolutionary times, began to return. It was not Yeltsin who coined the word "Russians". Both in Pushkin and Karamzin it is quite common.

For 20 years there has been a strong shift towards awareness of this collective identity (“I am a Russian”). I note that among a part of the population, especially among the inhabitants of the republics, it competes with ethnicity (“I am both a Tatar and a Russian”). Here, the feeling of a large homeland and a small one compete, but do not exclude each other. In the country as a whole, all surveys of recent years show that awareness of oneself as a citizen of Russia is in the first place. But this process took 20 years and is far from complete.

Each new generation goes through the process of its internal referendum. As Ernest Renan observed, the life of a nation is a daily plebiscite. From birth, after all, identity is not immediately laid down - a person as a citizen of a particular country is brought up through a family, school, teams, ranging from the army to other social environments. And each new generation perceives its country a little differently, highlights something of its own in it.

“Diversity is the code of Russian identity”

Alexey Kara-Murza, Head of the Department of Philosophy of Russian History of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences

— In my opinion, Russia should be united by tolerance for its diversity. Russia is a world of worlds, and this is what keeps it going. Some believe that this is bad, that it can lead to decentralization and even disintegration, but the best times of Russia were just when the country's leaders were able to keep diversity. And vice versa - when they tried to unify, it got worse.

Here is Catherine II, who spent many hours talking with delegations of the small peoples of the North, for me an example of how an enlightened empress could relate to Russian diversity. Within the framework of Valdai, I am going to talk about the fact that political cultures in Russia are also different.

For example, I belong to the European political culture, which is a necessary element of Russian diversity. I'm not saying that he should dominate and even more so be the only one, but in no case should he be ridiculed. The flourishing of Russia is connected with the strengthening of the European element. Both the golden age and the silver age are all European ages. And when this element begins to be pressed down - they say, we do not need Europe, we are original, on our own - in my opinion, this leads to the degradation of Russia. In its finest hours, Russia was Europe. All our culture is European. Therefore, when we are against Europe, we end up against our own culture.

Russia is alive in the world only because it is diverse. In my opinion, there cannot be any common denominator, any single huge identity - it's like cutting down a huge tree under a telegraph pole. Unity in diversity is the code of Russian identity. Tolerance should unite people. When hatred unites, it is a path to disaster. But this is not a state, this is a process: the more tolerant we become to each other, the better it will be for Russia.

“We have the whole palette of values, but we need to work with them”

Vitaly Kurennoy, Head of the Department of Cultural Studies, Higher School of Economics

- There are many levels of identity, it extends from the most obvious - the unity of the territory and the state, includes a common legal field and a number of socio-cultural aspects. First of all, of course, this is a common historical destiny, which must be understood and accepted with all its drama. In addition, we have the Russian language and everything that is transmitted through it is a vast cultural field. Russian literature and philosophy are a fundamental unifying factor.

For each of the factors there are debatable questions. There are different points of view on the problems of nation-building. Yes, and the space of our history is a field of conflicting interpretations, but again due to its extraordinary drama, especially in the last century. On the one hand, it strongly polarizes society. On the other hand, history is an irrevocable fact. No matter how we evaluate it, this is our history.

As for values, the whole palette of modern values is present in Russian society, both forms of solidarity and individualistic strategies. All this is. It just needs to be dealt with correctly at the level of cultural policy. But not in the sense of inventing something and planting, but in the sense of presenting really good samples, their popularization and replication.

In general, I have a bad attitude towards the idea of developing new values, a crazy project design approach in this area. In the USSR, they were only engaged in building a person, then some values. I repeat, Russian culture already has all the values that are needed for the normal existence of society. The only question is to correctly place the accents. There is, for example, the problem of legal consciousness. After all, it is not formed through propaganda books - this is a matter of behavioral things, and accordingly, conditions must be created so that positive behavioral patterns are maintained. And you need to choose the right historical symbols.

We will learn in this section:

how many different peoples live in Russia and what unites them;
what is the Universe and what place does our planet occupy in it;
what units of measurement of time did people come up with;
what is a calendar and what kind of calendars are there;
what ancient and modern holidays are celebrated in Russia and in the world;
what ancient labor customs and holidays are preserved by the peoples of Russia.

We will learn:

use a compass, determine the time by the clock, find out in the old way how many days are in each month, measure the temperature with a thermometer.

We are the union of the peoples of Russia

Let's remember

What peoples of Russia did you learn about in 1st grade?

The name of our country is Russia, the Russian Federation. The word "federation" means "association", "union". On the map you can read the names of republics, territories, regions, districts. So different parts of the country are called. Their union is the Russian Federation.

Peoples of the Russian Federation

You already know that a variety of peoples live in Russia. There are more than 150 of them. The figures show only a few of them. The most numerous people are Russians. They are followed by Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvashs, Chechens, Armenians, Mordovians, Belarusians... Each nation has its own language and original culture.

Religion occupies a large place in the culture of the peoples of Russia. There are many religions in the world. Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism are especially widespread in our country (1).

The official language in Russia is Russian. It draws up state documents, negotiates at international meetings, studies at schools and other educational institutions. Thus, a common language unites us in a common Fatherland. The union of peoples is also held together by a common history.

What languages are native to you and your countrymen?

Let's check ourselves

What does the name "Russian Federation" mean?
How many peoples live in Russia?
Why do the peoples of Russia need a state language?
What unites the peoples of Russia into a single union?

Let's draw a conclusion

More than 150 peoples live in the Russian Federation. They are different in number, culture, languages. Cultural diversity is the wealth of Russia. The state language of Russia is Russian.

Today, rare media material about the relations between our two countries does without the words "conflict", "contradiction". On the eve of the visit of His Holiness Patriarch Kirill to Ukraine, we asked cultural figures, businessmen, journalists, athletes about what unites our peoples.

Nikolay Zakrevskiy,

editor-in-chief of the newspaper "Kievskiye Vedomosti"

We are clearly not united by politics and politics. It unites a common historical past, called Kievan Rus, the war with the French in 1812, the fight against the fascist invaders in 1941-45, and finally, the construction of the industrial foundations of a common power.

Of course, we can have different attitudes towards the postulate of Mikhail Suslov (the main party ideologist during the reign of L.I. Brezhnev) that the Soviet people will become a single historical community that will abolish the national identification of people in the USSR. But the years of Soviet power, I believe, have strengthened the connection between peoples with Slavic roots, taught us to understand that in the current circumstances there is not only a global economic war, but also an ideological confrontation between the two systems: Anglo-Saxon and Slavic, in which, unfortunately , Ukrainian sovereign men are making a negative contribution. Following certain forces in the West, they are trying to rewrite history, leaving behind the threshold all that was good that was born within the framework of Slavic unity and friendship: achievements in the military-technical field, in the peaceful exploration of space, in healthcare, education, culture. I would like people to come to power in Ukraine who understand the significance of the Slavic code - and this is, first of all, linguistic culture and traditions.

Sofia Rotaru,

singer, people's artist of Ukraine, Moldova, USSR

What unites our peoples? Art, sincere feelings and the desire of all nations to live in peace!

I am Moldovan by origin. Born and raised in Ukraine, in a Moldovan village in the Chernivtsi region. I have been singing Moldovan and Ukrainian folk songs since early childhood. She entered the big stage with Ukrainian songs. Later I had great happiness to sing songs of Russian composers. Now I work with people of different nationalities.

Frankly speaking, I do not want to limit my creativity to one language, to separate it by borders. I consider it my mission to unite the Slavic peoples. In my concert program there are songs in three languages. I am proud that at my anniversary concert in the Kremlin, both the whole audience and my colleagues on stage sang the song “One Kalina” to me in Ukrainian ...

Now I live in Kyiv, in the summer in Yalta. There are no boundaries for love and friendship! And I want the people of our states to live peacefully and happily and always find a common language.

Evgeny Bykov,

General Director of the Foundation for the Promotion of International Relations and Cooperation "Good Neighborliness"

I think what happened in 1991 is a tragedy. This is my deepest conviction. Any boundaries will eventually lead to trouble. And this is proved by all the problems that Ukraine and Russia have today - in the economy, social sphere, culture.

What unites us? Deep things. It is enough to recall the common origins of our peoples... although it is better to say "our people" - I still believe that we are one people.

But, unfortunately, what is being done now, for the most part, is aimed not at unification, but at disunity. Perhaps the Orthodox Church will be able to somehow contribute to improving the situation.

Let us trust in our Patriarch: I hope that the visit of His Holiness will give new strength to mutual rapprochement.

Oleg Blokhin,

Soviet football star, coach

We are united by so many things that in these 20 years it is impossible to destroy the connection with Russia. And why?

If we remove politics, then our peoples have been friends, and are friends. And they are friends on a personal level.

We have always been united by faith - both in prosperous times of peace and in the war years. It remains common today.

We were united by sports, and I am very sorry that the Union fell apart, but we had such football! I dream of holding unified championships, although I understand that it is difficult to do this now.

Oleg Krivosheya,

leader of the rock group "The Brothers Karamazov"

Regardless of what happened in 1991, Ukraine, Russia and Belarus, of course, are united primarily by the fact that they are brothers and sisters, no matter how trite it sounds. For me, this is a single indivisible people who came out of the same baptismal font. We are united by one faith, which is why our peoples form the basis of the Slavic Orthodox civilization. This is the most important thing in our countries. Kindness and love for each other, unity not only spiritual, but also state-political - this is our only way.

Petr Tolochko,

historian, academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

First of all, we are united by a common history. We all came from a single ancient Russian people. Kievan Rus is our common heritage. In addition, we are united by more than 300 years of living together in a single state body - first in the Russian Empire, then in the Soviet Union. This unity is enshrined in the memory of many generations, and it will not be possible to destroy it as quickly as some politicians would like.

We are united by common economic interests. And Russia needs Ukraine, but even more Ukraine needs Russia. Even for purely pragmatic reasons. Because Russia is an inexhaustible source of energy and minerals. And it will take a long time to use these God-given resources. Russia is also a market for Ukrainian goods that are not competitive in Europe.

We are united by a single Orthodox faith, which was accepted by St. Vladimir and which then spread throughout the territory of Kievan Rus. Despite the existence of schisms in Ukrainian Orthodoxy, our Orthodox Church maintains unity with the Moscow Patriarchate. And this unity also means a lot to our peoples.

Katerina Tkacheva,

Managing Editor of the Orthodox Youth Magazine Otrok.ua

It seems to me that people in whose lives there is a vertical vector cannot discount the fact that both our peoples live and breathe thanks to Orthodoxy. As our common hero of the day, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, said, “if people still don’t eat each other with food, then the secret reason for this is the service of the Divine Liturgy.”

Both Russians and Ukrainians owe their entire cultural heritage to Orthodoxy. All the best that the culture of the Slavs is rich in grew on the common soil of the right faith. You can, of course, deny this connection, but, according to the apt remark of one theologian, art is always religious - either with a plus sign or a minus sign.

The apostle Paul called: If it is possible for you, be at peace with all people(Rome 12 :18). And today it will become a reality if we learn to build relationships based on the current situation and live in the present, not in the past.

Unfortunately, the assortment of mass media dishes on both sides of the border is rather monotonous. Peace and mutual assistance between our states are not preached in the news. But the choice of each of us is whether to feed on the strife imposed on us or not. With a person who is not caught in the network of political propaganda and who strives to think independently, it is always more interesting to look for a common language, no matter where he lives.

I am close to the position of Yuri Shevchuk: looking “above the barriers”, he urges young people not to follow the lead of politicians who want to quarrel us, but to learn to love and trust each other, regardless of the political climate and agitation.

Georgy Grechko,

astronaut

What unites? A lot of things. Parents, for example. My father is Ukrainian, my mother is Belarusian, and I was born, studied in Leningrad, I speak Russian, that is, by way of life and place of residence, most likely, I am Russian. Well, how do you propose to divide us?

Therefore, I believe that these are all Slavic peoples, and whatever you want between us: historical, genetic, cultural, and linguistic - all the ties! And when the leaders of Ukraine go against the wishes of the people (people want to learn the Russian language - they are not allowed to, they want to communicate - they put up all sorts of obstacles ...), then this is just some kind of abscess in the common history of our peoples. And I think it will burst. In the end, the leaders will leave, they will be re-elected, but the peoples will remain. So I guess we Slavs will live together, be friends together, love together. And of course, we will tell jokes about each other. Sometimes we can fight. But we will not shoot, conquer, harm, or fence ourselves off.

But we will definitely tell jokes!

National composition of the state

What do the lawyers say?

Traditions of the peoples of the Russian Federation

There is more than strict numbers and laws. Every nation has its own customs and way of life. They are proud of them, they try to keep them for their descendants. It turns out that more than a hundred peoples united by one territory have their own traditions. All of them are not only allowed to have and develop their own culture, this is also welcomed and stimulated by the state. This is what unites the peoples of the Russian Federation: respect for each other! Develop yourself and do not interfere with others! No, this does not mean the globalization that Western civilization brings. Peoples do not mix with each other in a common mass. In Russia, conditions have been created for everyone to remain original, not to lose their individuality.