Where did Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol study? Gogol's biography

Gogol's life and work is divided into three stages. Each of them has its own semantic features. In his works, the mystical and the real are combined, the author uses humorous techniques. All his work had a huge impact on all Russian literature.

In 1829 the first period in Gogol's work began and ended in 1835. At this time he writes satirical works. He received the name "Petersburg". For the first time in this city he experienced adversity and problems. He saw real life in a negative light. The writer had a dream of a happy life. At this time, his first collections "Evenings on a farm near Dikanka", "Mirgorod" and "Arabesques" were published. They depict pictures of life, from his previous life in Ukraine.

From 1836, the second stage began, which lasted until 1842. The works of this stage are distinguished by realism. At this time, he prints The Government Inspector and Dead Souls. In them, Gogol raised problems revealing the vices of people, corruption, vulgarity, lies. He ridiculed them, trying to defeat them in this way.

Since 1842, the third and last period in the work of N.V. Gogol. It ended in 1852. During this period, Gogol exposes his inner world, he raises philosophical and religious questions. When he lived abroad, in complete oblivion and loneliness, he turned to religion and rethought his life.

At this moment, he is working on the second volume of Dead Souls, in which the author wanted to find positive features in negative characters. In the work “Selected places from correspondence with friends”, the writer depicted his spiritual world, and the crisis. Gogol falls ill, burns his work "Dead Souls", and soon after that he dies.

N.V. Gogol wrote works of various genres, but in all of them a person stands in the center. Folk legends, epics were included in the plot of the works.

His books combine the real world with fantasy. Mystical and real heroes live in the same time. This shows the romantic orientation of the works of the writer's early work.

Mysticism was in the writer's life all the time. Gogol remains not only a writer, but also a great mystic of our time.

Message 2

Speaking about the work of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, one must first of all turn to the times of the school of the writer. His writing data were received congenitally from his parents, and were fixed in the Nizhyn Lyceum, where the famous writer studied. There was a particular shortage of teaching material in the lyceum, in order for young people who wanted to know more to quench their thirst for knowledge. For this, it was additionally necessary to write out the works of well-known, at that time, writers. They were Zhukovsky and Pushkin. Gogol also took the initiative to become editor-in-chief of the local school magazine.

The development of creativity N.V. Gogol went from romanticism on the way to realism. And in every way these two styles were mixed throughout the life of the writer. The first attempts at literary writing were no good, since life in Russia oppressed him, and his thoughts and dreams rushed to his native Ukraine, where the writer spent his childhood.

The poem "Hanz Kühelgarten" became the first published work of N.V. Gogol, in 1829. Her character was more romantic and the poem was a Fossian imitation. But after negative criticism, the poem was immediately burned by the writer. Romanticism and realism are well mixed in the collection Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka. It so well reflected the dream of a beautiful and uncomplicated, direct and happy life. The author was able to depict Ukraine in a completely different way, in his works there was restlessness, conflict, the elimination of human relations, criminal acts in front of fellow countrymen, intertwined with the detachment of the individual.

N.V. Gogol idolized Pushkin and Zhukovsky, they were his inspirers, which helped the birth of such works as Nevsky Prospekt, Tras Bulba, Viy.

Two subsequent collections, "Arabesques" and "Mirgorod", transferred readers to the environment of officials, where it was full of minor worries and misfortunes that burden the everyday life of the people described there. Romantic themes and encounters were more realistic, which made it possible to rebuild all the degrees of writing the poem. The theme of the "little man" was well revealed in the story "The Overcoat", and became the main one in Russian literature.

The talent of a satirist and the path of an innovator in creating dramatic works was noted in the comedies The Inspector General and The Marriage. It was a completely new stage in the creative activity of the writer.

Gogol's works have always been imbued with the spirit of Ukraine, with notes of humor, full of humanity and tragedy.

The Amur River is the largest and most mysterious, shrouded in legends, river in the entire Far East, its length is 2824 km and its width is 5 km. Amur is born from the confluence of the Argun and Shilka rivers.

• Canada - message report (2, 7 grade geography)

  The country is located in the north of North America, washed by three oceans at once: the Arctic, the Pacific (in the west) and the Atlantic (in the east).

The life of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol is so vast and multifaceted that historians are still researching the biography and epistolary materials of the great writer, and documentary filmmakers are making films that tell about the secrets of the mysterious genius of literature. Interest in the playwright has not faded for two hundred years, not only because of his lyrical-epic works, but also because Gogol is one of the most mystical figures in Russian literature of the 19th century.

Childhood and youth

To this day, it is not known when Nikolai Vasilyevich was born. Some chroniclers believe that Gogol was born on March 20, while others are sure that the true date of birth of the writer is April 1, 1809.

The childhood of the master of phantasmagoria passed in Ukraine, in the picturesque village of Sorochintsy, Poltava province. He grew up in a large family - in addition to him, 5 more boys and 6 girls were brought up in the house (some of them died in infancy).

The great writer has an interesting pedigree dating back to the Cossack noble dynasty of Gogol-Yanovsky. According to family legend, the playwright's grandfather Afanasy Demyanovich Yanovsky added a second part to his surname to prove blood ties with the Cossack hetman Ostap Gogol, who lived in the 17th century.

The writer's father, Vasily Afanasyevich, worked in the Little Russian province in the post office, from where he retired in 1805 with the rank of collegiate assessor. Later, Gogol-Yanovsky retired to the Vasilievka estate (Yanovshchina) and began to farm. Vasily Afanasyevich was known as a poet, writer and playwright: he owned the home theater of his friend Troshchinsky, and also acted on the stage as an actor.

For productions, he wrote comedy plays based on Ukrainian folk ballads and legends. But only one work of Gogol Sr. has reached modern readers - "The Simpleton, or the Cunning of a Woman Outwitted by a Soldier." It was from his father that Nikolai Vasilyevich adopted his love for literary art and creative talent: it is known that Gogol Jr. began writing poetry from childhood. Vasily Afanasyevich died when Nikolai was 15 years old.

The writer's mother, Maria Ivanovna, nee Kosyarovskaya, according to contemporaries, was pretty and was considered the first beauty in the village. Everyone who knew her said that she was a religious person and was engaged in the spiritual education of children. However, the teachings of Gogol-Yanovskaya were not reduced to Christian rites and prayers, but to prophecies about the Last Judgment.

It is known that a woman married Gogol-Yanovsky when she was 14 years old. Nikolai Vasilyevich was close to his mother and even asked for advice on his manuscripts. Some writers believe that thanks to Maria Ivanovna, Gogol's work is endowed with fantasy and mysticism.

The childhood and youth of Nikolai Vasilievich passed in the midst of a peasant and squire life and were endowed with those petty-bourgeois features that the playwright scrupulously described in his works.

When Nikolai was ten years old, he was sent to Poltava, where he studied science at the school, and then studied literacy with a local teacher Gabriel Sorochinsky. After classical training, the 16-year-old boy became a student at the Gymnasium of Higher Sciences in the city of Nizhyn, Chernihiv region. In addition to the fact that the future classic of literature was in poor health, he was also not strong in his studies, although he had an exceptional memory. Nicholas did not get on well with the exact sciences, but he excelled in Russian literature and literature.

Some biographers argue that the gymnasium itself is to blame for such an inferior education, rather than the young writer. The fact is that in those years, weak teachers worked in the Nizhyn gymnasium, who could not organize decent education for students. For example, knowledge in the lessons of moral education was presented not through the teachings of eminent philosophers, but with the help of corporal punishment with a rod, a literature teacher did not keep pace with the times, preferring the classics of the 18th century.

During his studies, Gogol gravitated towards creativity and zealously participated in theatrical productions and impromptu skits. Among his comrades, Nikolai Vasilyevich was known as a comedian and a perky person. The writer talked with Nikolai Prokopovich, Alexander Danilevsky, Nestor Kukolnik and others.

Literature

Gogol began to be interested in writing as a student. He admired A.S. Pushkin, although his first creations were far from the style of the great poet, but more like the works of Bestuzhev-Marlinsky.

He composed elegies, feuilletons, poems, tried himself in prose and other literary genres. During his studies, he wrote a satire "Something about Nizhyn, or the law is not written for fools", which has not survived to this day. It is noteworthy that the young man initially regarded the craving for creativity more as a hobby, and not a matter of his whole life.

Writing was for Gogol "a ray of light in the dark realm" and helped to escape from mental anguish. Then the plans of Nikolai Vasilyevich were not clear, but he wanted to serve the Motherland and be useful to the people, believing that a great future awaited him.

In the winter of 1828, Gogol went to the cultural capital - Petersburg. In the cold and gloomy city of Nikolai Vasilyevich, disappointment awaited. He tried to become an official, and also tried to enter the service in the theater, but all his attempts were defeated. Only in literature could he find opportunities for earning money and self-expression.

But failure awaited Nikolai Vasilyevich in writing, as only two of Gogol's works were published by magazines - the poem "Italy" and the romantic poem "Hanz Kühelgarten", published under the pseudonym V. Alov. "Idyll in Pictures" received a number of negative and sarcastic reviews from critics. After the creative defeat, Gogol bought up all the editions of the poem and burned them in his room. Nikolai Vasilievich did not abandon literature even after a resounding failure; the failure with "Hanz Kuchelgarten" gave him the opportunity to change the genre.

In 1830, Gogol's mystical story "The Evening on the Eve of Ivan Kupala" was published in the eminent journal Otechestvennye Zapiski.

Later, the writer meets Baron Delvig and begins to publish in his publications Literary Gazette and Northern Flowers.

After his creative success, Gogol was warmly received in the literary circle. He began to communicate with Pushkin and. The works “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”, “The Night Before Christmas”, “The Enchanted Place”, seasoned with a mixture of Ukrainian epic and worldly humor, made an impression on the Russian poet.

Rumor has it that it was Alexander Sergeevich who gave Nikolai Vasilyevich the background for new works. He suggested plot ideas for the poem Dead Souls (1842) and the comedy The Inspector General (1836). However, P.V. Annenkov believes that Pushkin "not quite willingly gave him his property."

Fascinated by the history of Little Russia, Nikolai Vasilyevich becomes the author of the Mirgorod collection, which includes several works, including Taras Bulba. Gogol, in letters to his mother Maria Ivanovna, asked her to tell in more detail about the life of the people in the outback.

Frame from the film "Viy", 2014

In 1835, Gogol's story "Viy" (included in "Mirgorod") about the demonic character of the Russian epic was published. According to the story, three bursaks lost their way and came across a mysterious farm, the owner of which turned out to be a real witch. The main character Homa will have to face unprecedented creatures, church rites and a witch flying in a coffin.

In 1967, directors Konstantin Ershov and Georgy Kropachev staged the first Soviet horror film based on Gogol's story Viy. The main roles were played by and.

Leonid Kuravlev and Natalya Varley in the film "Viy", 1967

In 1841, Gogol wrote the immortal story "The Overcoat". In the work, Nikolai Vasilievich talks about the "little man" Akaki Akakievich Bashmachkin, who is getting poorer to such an extent that the most ordinary thing becomes a source of joy and inspiration for him.

Personal life

Speaking about the personality of the author of The Inspector General, it is worth noting that from Vasily Afanasyevich, in addition to a craving for literature, he also inherited a fatal fate - psychological illness and fear of early death, which began to manifest themselves in the playwright from his youth. Publicist V.G. wrote about this. Korolenko and Dr. Bazhenov, based on Gogol's autobiographical materials and epistolary heritage.

If in the days of the Soviet Union it was customary to keep silent about the mental disorders of Nikolai Vasilyevich, then such details are very interesting to the current erudite reader. It is believed that Gogol suffered from manic-depressive psychosis (bipolar affective personality disorder) since childhood: the young writer's cheerful and perky mood was replaced by severe depression, hypochondria and despair.

This disturbed his mind until his death. He also admitted in letters that he often heard "gloomy" voices calling him into the distance. Because of life in eternal fear, Gogol became a religious person and led a more reclusive ascetic life. He loved women, but only at a distance: he often told Maria Ivanovna that he was going abroad to live with a certain lady.

He corresponded with charming girls of different classes (with Maria Balabina, Countess Anna Vielgorskaya and others), courting them romantically and timidly. The writer did not like to advertise his personal life, especially amorous affairs. It is known that Nikolai Vasilyevich has no children. Due to the fact that the writer was not married, there is a theory about his homosexuality. Others believe that he never had a relationship that went beyond the platonic.

Death

The early death of Nikolai Vasilievich at the age of 42 still haunts the minds of scientists, historians and biographers. Mystical legends are composed about Gogol, and to this day they argue about the true cause of the death of the visionary.

In the last years of his life, Nikolai Vasilyevich was seized by a creative crisis. It was associated with the early departure from the life of Khomyakov's wife and the condemnation of his stories by Archpriest Matthew Konstantinovsky, who sharply criticized Gogol's works and also believed that the writer was not pious enough. Gloomy thoughts took possession of the playwright's mind; from February 5, he refused food. On February 10, Nikolai Vasilievich "under the influence of an evil spirit" burned the manuscripts, and on the 18th, while continuing to observe Great Lent, he went to bed with a sharp deterioration in health.

The master of the pen refused medical attention, expecting death. The doctors, who diagnosed him with inflammatory bowel disease, probable typhus and indigestion, eventually diagnosed the writer with meningitis and prescribed forced bloodletting, dangerous to his health, which only worsened Nikolai Vasilyevich's mental and physical condition. On the morning of February 21, 1852, Gogol died in the count's mansion in Moscow.

Memory

The writer's works are obligatory for studying at schools and higher educational institutions. In memory of Nikolai Vasilyevich, postage stamps were issued in the USSR and other countries. Streets, a drama theater, a pedagogical institute and even a crater on the planet Mercury are named after Gogol.

According to the creations of the master of hyperbole and the grotesque, theatrical performances are still being created and works of cinematographic art are being filmed. So, in 2017, the premiere of the gothic detective series “Gogol. Beginning" with and starring.

There are interesting facts in the biography of the mysterious playwright, all of which cannot be described even in a whole book.

• According to rumors, Gogol was afraid of thunderstorms, as a natural phenomenon affected his psyche.
• The writer lived in poverty, walked in old clothes. The only expensive item in his wardrobe is a gold watch donated by Zhukovsky in memory of Pushkin.
• The mother of Nikolai Vasilyevich was known as a strange woman. She was superstitious, believed in the supernatural, and constantly told amazing stories, embellished with fiction.
• According to rumors, Gogol's last words were: "How sweet it is to die."

Monument to Nikolai Gogol and his troika bird in Odessa

• Gogol's work inspired.
• Nikolai Vasilyevich adored sweets, so sweets and pieces of sugar were constantly in his pocket. Also, the Russian prose writer liked to roll bread crumbs in his hands - it helped to concentrate on thoughts.
• The writer was painfully concerned with appearance, mainly his own nose irritated him.
• Gogol was afraid that he would be buried, being in a lethargic dream. The literary genius asked that in the future his body be buried only after the appearance of cadaveric spots. According to legend, Gogol woke up in a coffin. When the body of the writer was reburied, those present, surprised, saw that the head of the deceased was turned to one side.

Bibliography

• "Evenings on a farm near Dikanka" (1831-1832)
• "The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich" (1834)
• "Viy" (1835)
• "Old World Landowners" (1835)
• "Taras Bulba" (1835)
• "Nevsky Prospekt" (1835)
• "Inspector" (1836)
• "The Nose" (1836)
• "Notes of a Madman" (1835)
• "Portrait" (1835)
• "Carriage" (1836)
• "Marriage" (1842)
• "Dead Souls" (1842)
• "Overcoat" (1843)

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol was born in 1809 in the village of Bolshie Sorochintsy, into a family of poor landowners - Vasily Afanasyevich and Maria Ivanovna Gogol-Yanovsky. The writer's father was the author of several comedies in Ukrainian. From 1821 to 1828, Nikolai Vasilyevich studied at the Nizhyn Gymnasium of Higher Sciences. Interest in literature and painting, as well as acting talent, manifested itself already in the years of study. A great hobby of many pupils of the gymnasium was the amateur theater, one of the founders of which was Gogol. He was a talented performer of many roles, as well as a director and artist, author of funny comedies and scenes from folk life.

In the gymnasium, the future writer began to compile the Little Russian Lexicon (Ukrainian-Russian dictionary) and write down folk songs. The writer collected wonderful monuments of oral poetic creativity throughout his life. Gogol's first literary experiments date back to 1823-24. Two years after entering the gymnasium, he became one of the active participants in the literary circle, whose members published several handwritten magazines and almanacs at once: Meteor of Literature, Star, Northern Dawn, etc. These publications published the first stories, critical articles, plays and verses of the beginning writer.

After graduating from high school, Gogol went to St. Petersburg and a year later entered the civil service, and then began to teach history in one of the educational institutions. During this period, Nikolai Vasilievich met V.A. Zhukovsky, P.A. Pletnev and A.S. Pushkin, who had a huge influence on his work. Gogol considered himself a student and follower of the great poet. Along with Pushkin, romantic poetry and prose of the Decembrists had a great influence on the formation of the literary tastes of the future writer.

In 1831-32, Gogol's book "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka" was published, based on Ukrainian folk art - songs, fairy tales, folk beliefs and customs, as well as on the personal impressions of the author himself. This book brought Gogol great success. The appearance of "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka", according to Pushkin, was an unusual phenomenon in Russian literature. Gogol opened to the Russian reader the wonderful world of folk life, imbued with the romance of folk legends and traditions, cheerful lyricism and fervent humor.

The years 1832-33 were a turning point in the life of the writer. It was a time of persistent search for new themes and images prompted by life. In 1835, two collections were published: "Mirgorod" and "Arabesques", which brought Gogol even greater recognition. The collection "Mirgorod" includes the stories "Old-world landowners", "Taras Bulba", "Viy" and "The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich." At the same time, work continued on "Petersburg Tales" - a cycle of works devoted to the St. Petersburg theme. The first sketches of the cycle date back to 1831. The most significant of the stories of the St. Petersburg cycle - "The Overcoat" - was completed in 1841.

In 1836, at the Alexandrinsky Theater, the first performance of the comedy The Inspector General took place, in which the author mercilessly ridicules officials and the local nobility. The comedy characters were typical for all of Russia at that time, and many viewers who saw the comedy for the first time believed that the author was making fun of their city, their officials, landowners and policemen. But not everyone accepted the comedy favorably. Representatives of the bureaucratic bureaucracy saw a threat in the comedy. Articles began to appear on the pages of the magazine accusing the author of the comedy of distorting reality. Those who recognized themselves in the heroes of the comedy claimed that its content boils down to an old empty joke.

Critical reviews deeply traumatized Gogol. In subsequent years, he continued to work hard on the composition of the play and the images of the characters. In 1841, the comedy in a significantly revised form was republished as a separate book. But even this edition seemed imperfect to the writer. Only the sixth version of the "Inspector General" Gogol included in the fourth volume of his "Works" in 1842. But in this form, the comedy, due to censorship obstacles, was put on stage only after 28 years.

Almost simultaneously with the first edition of The Inspector General, the first issue of Pushkin's journal Sovremennik was published, in the preparation of which Gogol took an active part. In one of his articles, he criticized editorial publications, after which the attacks from the ruling classes became noticeably more bitter.

In the summer of 1836, Gogol decided to temporarily go abroad, where he spent a total of more than 12 years. The writer lived in Germany, Switzerland, France, Austria, the Czech Republic, but for the longest time in Italy. In subsequent years, he returned to his homeland twice - in 1839-40. and in 1841-42. The death of A.S. Pushkin deeply shocked the writer. The beginning of his work on the poem "Dead Souls" dates back to this time. Shortly before the duel, Pushkin gave Gogol his own plot, and the writer considered his work the "sacred testament" of the great poet.

In early October 1841, Gogol arrived in St. Petersburg, and a few days later he left for Moscow, where he continued to work on Dead Souls. In May 1842, the first volume of Dead Souls was published, and at the end of May Gogol again went abroad. Russian readers, who got acquainted with Gogol's new creation, were immediately divided into his supporters and opponents. There has been a lot of controversy around the book. Gogol at that time rested and was treated in the small German town of Gastein. The unrest associated with the publication of Dead Souls, material need, attacks by critics caused a spiritual crisis and nervous illness.

In subsequent years, the writer often moved from one place to another, hoping that a change of scenery would help him restore his health. By the mid-1940s, the spiritual crisis deepened. Under the influence of A.P. Tolstoy Gogol was imbued with religious ideas, abandoned his former beliefs and works. In 1847, a series of articles by the writer in the form of letters was published under the title "Selected passages from correspondence with friends." The main idea of ​​this book is the need for internal Christian education and re-education of everyone and everyone, without which no social improvements are possible. The book was published in a heavily censored form and was recognized as a weak artistic work. At the same time, Gogol also worked on works of a theological nature, the most significant of which is Meditations on the Divine Liturgy (published posthumously in 1857).

The last years of his life N.V. Gogol lived alone. In 1848, the writer intended to fulfill his main dream - to travel around Russia. But there was no longer any means or physical strength for this. He visited his native places, lived in Odessa for six months. In St. Petersburg he met Nekrasov, Goncharov and Grigorovich, in April 1848 he made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land to the Holy Sepulcher, but spent most of his time in Moscow. Despite his illness, the writer continued to work, as he saw the meaning of his life in literature.

In recent years, all of Gogol's thoughts have been absorbed by the second volume of Dead Souls. At the beginning of 1852, the writer showed signs of a new mental crisis, he refused food and medical care. His health condition worsened every day. One night, during another attack, he burned almost all of his manuscripts, including the finished edition of the second volume of "Dead Souls" (only 7 chapters were preserved in incomplete form). Shortly thereafter, the writer died and was buried in St. Danilov Monastery. In 1931, the remains of the writer were reburied at the Novodevichy cemetery. Shortly before his death, Gogol said: "I know that my name after me will be happier than me ...". And he turned out to be right. About two hundred years have passed since the death of the great Russian writer, but his works still occupy an honorable place among the masterpieces of world classics.

"To be in the world and not signify one's existence in any way - that seems terrible to me." N. V. Gogol.

The genius of classical literature

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol is known to the world as a writer, poet, playwright, publicist and critic. A man of remarkable talent and an amazing master of words, he is famous both in Ukraine, where he was born, and in Russia, where he moved over time.

Especially Gogol is known for his mystical heritage. His stories, written in a unique Ukrainian language, which is not literary in the full sense of the word, convey the depth and beauty of Ukrainian speech, known to the whole world. The greatest popularity of Gogol was given by his "Viy". What other works did Gogol write? Below is a list of works. These are sensational stories, often mystical, and stories from the school curriculum, and little-known works of the author.

List of writer's works

In total, Gogol wrote more than 30 works. Some of them he continued to finish, despite the publication. Many of his creations had several variations, including "Taras Bulba" and "Viy". Having published the story, Gogol continued to reflect on it, sometimes adding or changing the ending. His stories often have multiple endings. So, next we consider the most famous works of Gogol. The list is in front of you:

1. "Ganz Kühelgarten" (1827-1829, under the pseudonym A. Alov).
2. “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka” (1831), part 1 (“Sorochinsky fair”, “Evening on the eve of Ivan Kupala”, “Drowned woman”, “Missing letter”). The second part was published a year later. It includes the following stories: "The Night Before Christmas", "Terrible Revenge", "Ivan Fedorovich Shponka and his Aunt", "The Enchanted Place".
3. Mirgorod (1835). Its edition was divided into 2 parts. The first part included the stories "Taras Bulba", "Old World Landowners". The second part, completed in 1839-1841, included "Viy", "The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich."
4. "Nose" (1841-1842).
5. "Morning of a business man". It was written, like the comedies Litigation, Fragment and Lakeyskaya, from 1832 to 1841.
6. "Portrait" (1842).
7. "Notes of a Madman" and "Nevsky Prospekt" (1834-1835).
8. "Inspector" (1835).
9. The play "Marriage" (1841).
10. "Dead Souls" (1835-1841).
11. Comedies "Players" and "Theatrical tour after the presentation of a new comedy" (1836-1841).
12. "Overcoat" (1839-1841).
13. "Rome" (1842).

These are published works that Gogol wrote. The works (a list by year, to be more precise) indicate that the writer's talent flourished in 1835-1841. And now let's go through the reviews of Gogol's most famous stories.

"Viy" - the most mystical creation of Gogol

The story "Viy" tells about the recently deceased lady, the centurion's daughter, who, as the whole village knows, was a witch. The centurion, at the request of his beloved daughter, forces the funeral worker Khoma Bruta to be read over her. The witch, who died through the fault of Khoma, dreams of revenge...

Reviews of the work "Viy" - continuous praise for the writer and his talent. It is impossible to discuss the list of Nikolai Gogol's works without mentioning everyone's favorite Viy. Readers note bright characters, original, unique, with their own characters and habits. All of them are typical Ukrainians, cheerful and optimistic people, rude but kind. It is impossible not to appreciate the subtle irony and humor of Gogol.

They also highlight the unique style of the writer and his ability to play on contrasts. During the day, the peasants walk and have fun, Khoma also drinks, so as not to think about the horror of the coming night. With the advent of evening, a gloomy, mystical silence sets in - and Khoma again enters the circle outlined in chalk ...

A very short story keeps you in suspense until the last page. Below are stills from the 1967 film of the same name.

Satirical comedy "The Nose"

The Nose is an amazing story, written in such a satirical form that at first it seems fantastic absurdity. According to the plot, Platon Kovalev, a public person and prone to narcissism, wakes up in the morning without a nose - it is empty in its place. In a panic, Kovalev begins to look for his lost nose, because without it you won’t even appear in a decent society!

Readers easily saw the prototype of Russian (and not only!) Society. Gogol's stories, despite being written in the 19th century, do not lose their relevance. Gogol, whose list of works for the most part can be divided into mysticism and satire, very subtly felt modern society, which has not changed at all over the past time. The rank, the external gloss are still held in high esteem, but the inner content of a person is of no interest to anyone. It is Plato's nose, with an outer shell, but without inner content, that becomes the prototype of a man richly dressed, rationally thinking, but soulless.

"Taras Bulba"

"Taras Bulba" is a great creation. Describing the works of Gogol, the most famous, the list of which is provided above, it is impossible not to mention this story. In the center of the plot are two brothers, Andrei and Ostap, as well as their father, Taras Bulba himself, a strong, courageous and utterly principled man.

Readers especially emphasize the small details of the story, on which the author focused, which enlivens the picture, makes those distant times closer and more understandable. The writer studied the details of the life of that era for a long time, so that readers could more vividly and vividly imagine the events taking place. In general, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, whose list of works we are discussing today, has always attached particular importance to trifles.

Charismatic characters also made a lasting impression on readers. The tough, merciless Taras, ready to do anything for the sake of the Motherland, the brave and courageous Ostap and the romantic, selfless Andrey - they cannot leave readers indifferent. In general, the famous works of Gogol, the list of which we are considering, have an interesting feature - an amazing, but harmonious contradiction in the characters' characters.

"Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka"

Another mystical, but at the same time funny and ironic work by Gogol. The blacksmith Vakula is in love with Oksana, who promised to marry him if he gets her little slippers, like the queen herself. Vakula is in despair... But then, quite by chance, he comes across evil spirits, having fun in the village in the society of a witch. It is not surprising that Gogol, whose list of works contains numerous mystical stories, involved a witch and a devil in this story.

This story is interesting not only for the plot, but also for the colorful characters, each of which is unique. They, as if alive, appear before the readers, each in his own way. Gogol admires some with slight irony, he admires Vakula, and teaches Oksana to appreciate and love. Like a caring father, he chuckles good-naturedly at his characters, but it all looks so soft that it causes only a gentle smile.

The character of the Ukrainians, their language, customs and foundations, so clearly described in the story, could only be described in such detail and lovingly by Gogol. Even joking about the "Muscovites" looks cute in the mouths of the characters in the story. This is because Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, whose list of works we are discussing today, loved his homeland and spoke of it with love.

"Dead Souls"

Sounds mystical, right? However, in reality, Gogol did not resort to mysticism in this work and looked much deeper - into human souls. The main character Chichikov seems to be a negative character at first glance, but the more the reader gets to know him, the more positive features he notices in him. Gogol makes the reader worry about the fate of his hero, despite his hard-hitting actions, which already says a lot.

In this work, the writer, as always, acts as an excellent psychologist and a real genius of the word.

Of course, these are not all the creations that Gogol wrote. The list of works is incomplete without the continuation of Dead Souls. It was his author who allegedly burned it before his death. Rumor has it that in the next two volumes, Chichikov was supposed to improve and become a decent person. Is it so? Unfortunately, now we will never know for sure.

Even remembering all the writers who contributed to the development of Russian literature, it is difficult to find a more mysterious figure than Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. The biography summarized in this article will help to get some idea of ​​​​the personality of a genius. So, what curious details are known about the life path traveled by the creator, his family, and written works?

Gogol's father and mother

Of course, all fans of the writer's work would like to have an idea about the family in which he was born. Gogol's mother's name was Maria, the girl came from a little-known family of landowners. According to the legend, there was no more beautiful young lady in the Poltava region. She entered into marriage with the father of the famous writer at the age of 14, gave birth to 12 children, some of them died in infancy. Nikolai became her third child and the first survivor. The memoirs of contemporaries say that Mary was a religious woman, diligently trying to instill love for God in her children.

It is also interesting who became the father of such an amazing person as Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. The biography summarized in this material cannot fail to mention him. Vasily Yanovsky-Gogol for many years was an employee of the post office, rose to the rank of collegiate assessor. It is known that he was fond of the magical world of art, even composed poems, which, unfortunately, have practically not been preserved. It is possible that the son's talent for writing was inherited from his father.

Biography of the writer

Fans of the genius are also interested in where and when Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol was born. The biography, briefly given in this article, says that his homeland is the Poltava province. The childhood of the boy, born in 1809, passed in the village of Sorochintsy. His education began at the Poltava School, then continued at the Nizhyn Gymnasium. It is curious that the writer could not be called a diligent student. Gogol showed interest mainly in Russian literature, achieved some success in drawing.

Nikolai began to write as a teenager, but his first creations could not be called successful. The situation changed when he moved to St. Petersburg, already an adult boy. For some time Gogol tried to achieve recognition as an actor, he performed on the stage of one of the St. Petersburg theaters. However, having failed, he completely concentrated on writing. By the way, a few years later he managed to become famous in the theatrical field, acting as a playwright.

What work allowed such a person as Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol to declare himself as a writer? The biography, summarized in this material, claims that it was the story "The Evening on the Eve of Ivan Kupala." Initially, the story had a different title, but the publishers, before publication, for unknown reasons, asked to change it.

Notable works

"Dead Souls" is a poem without which it is difficult to imagine Russian literature, the work is included in the school curriculum. The writer in it considers his native state as a country suffering from bribery, mired in vices, impoverished spiritually. Of course, it predicts the mystical revival of the Russian Empire. Interestingly, it was after the writing of this poem that N.V. Gogol died.

"Taras Bulba" is a historical story, the creation of which was inspired by the real events of the 15th-17th centuries that took place on the territory of Ukraine. The work is interesting not only for the moral issues that it raises, but also for a detailed description of the life of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks.

"Viy" invites readers to plunge into the legends of the ancient Slavs, to get to know the world inhabited by mystical creatures, allows them to get scared and overcome their fear. The Inspector General ridicules the way of life of the provincial bureaucracy, the vices inherent in its representatives. "The Nose" is a fantastic story about excessive pride and retribution for it.

Writer's death

There is hardly a famous person whose death is surrounded by such a large number of mysteries and assumptions. It is with death that many interesting facts about Gogol are connected, which haunt biographers.

Some researchers insist that Nikolai Vasilievich killed himself using poison. Others argue that his early death was the result of the exhaustion of the body associated with numerous fasts. Still others insist on what the wrong treatment of meningitis entailed. There are also those who assure that the writer was buried alive, staying in Prove failed to any of the theories.

It is only known for certain that during the last 20 years of his life the writer suffered from manic-depressive psychosis, but avoided going to doctors. Gogol died in 1852.

Curious facts

Nikolai Vasilyevich was distinguished by extreme shyness. It got to the point that the genius left the room, the threshold of which was crossed by a stranger. It is believed that the creator left this world without losing his innocence, he never had a romantic relationship with a woman. Gogol was also very dissatisfied with his own appearance, his nose caused particular irritation. Apparently, this part of the body really worried him, since he even named the story in her honor. It is also known that when posing for portraits, he forced artists to change the appearance of his nose.

Interesting facts about Gogol are connected not only with his appearance and behavior, but also with his work. Biographers believe that there was a second volume of "Dead Souls", which the writer personally destroyed shortly before his death. It is also curious that the plot of The Inspector General was suggested to him by Pushkin himself, sharing an interesting story from his life.