The best museums in Russia. The best museums in Russia The name of Russian museums and where they are located

23.09.2014

The international site for travelers TripAdvisor has presented a rating of the best museums in the world, Europe and Russia in 2014.

The State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg has become not only the best museum in Russia and Europe, but also entered the top three world leaders. Five of the ten best Russian museums are located in Moscow, three more - in the northern capital. The Top 10 also includes museums in Kaliningrad and Kizhi.

It is clear that the idea of ​​Russians about the best museums in the country may differ from the preferences of foreign tourists. But ideas, personal opinions, references to the opinions of acquaintances and friends - these are all illusions living in a single head. Here are the raw numbers.

The Travelers' Choice Awards recognize the best destinations in the world based on millions of reviews and opinions from TripAdvisor users. To determine the winners, the quality and quantity of reviews of museums in different countries world over the past 12 months.

1. State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg

The largest in Russia and in the world art and cultural historical Museum founded in 1764. The Hermitage collection includes about three million works of art and monuments of world culture.

2. Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

The main gallery of Russian art, founded in the middle of the 19th century by the famous Russian collector Pavel Tretyakov. By 1917 the collection Tretyakov Gallery consisted of about 4,000 works, by 1975 - 55,000 works.

3. Armory, Moscow

The Moscow Treasury Museum, part of the Grand Kremlin Palace complex. The exposition of the museum contains more than 4,000 unique works, including the Monomakh's hat, the Helmet - the Ericho's hat and other rarities.

4. Submarine Museum B-413, Kaliningrad

Submarine museum at the pier of the Museum of the World Ocean on the embankment of Kaliningrad. In 1969-1990 she served in the Northern Fleet, and since 2000 it has become a museum. In 1987, the B-413 took first place in the Northern Fleet in terms of mine laying and was declared an "Excellent ship" by order of the commander of the Northern Fleet.

5. State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg

The largest museum of Russian art in the world. One of the most famous paintings of the museum - "The Ninth Wave" by Ivan Aivazovsky, is often on tour in other museums around the world.

6. Diamond Fund, Moscow

A collection of unique gems of historical and artistic significance. Among the exhibits are the crown of the Russian Empire, the Order of the Golden Fleece, historical large-sized diamonds, gold and platinum jewelry. The collection began to form in the 18th century, when Peter I issued a special decree on the preservation of things "subject to the state."

7. State Museum of Fine Arts. A. S. Pushkin, Moscow

Museum of European and World Art, opened in 1912. The museum was created on the basis of the Cabinet of Fine Arts and Antiquities of Moscow University as an educational and auxiliary and public repository of casts and copies of classical works of world art. Professor Ivan Tsvetaev became the founder and first director of the museum.

8. Grand Maket Russia, St. Petersburg

The project of 2012 is a national show museum, the largest model of our country, where on an area of ​​800 sq. m depicts cities and towns, forests and seas, people and animals, operating roads and railways. The interactive layout is controlled by 40 computers. Over 800,000 LEDs illuminate the layout, simulating day and night.

9. Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center, Moscow

A modern museum dedicated to Jewish culture and religious tradition, the history of life and resettlement of Jews, the history of Jews in Russia.

It is the largest Jewish museum in the world and the largest indoor exhibition area in Europe: the exposition area is 4500 m², the total area is 8500 m². Opened in Moscow on November 8, 2012. About $50 million was spent on the creation of the museum.

10. State Historical, Architectural and Ethnographic Museum-Reserve, Kizhi

One of the largest open-air museums in Russia. Historical, cultural and natural complex, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Currently, the Kizhi Museum-Reserve is one of the largest museums of the culture of the Russian North, the collection of which contains 76 buildings. During the years of the museum's existence, the oldest wooden church in Russia, the Church of the Resurrection of Lazarus (second half of the 16th century), was brought to its territory.

All rating

Top 10 museums in Europe:

1. State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia
2. Academy of Fine Arts, Florence, Italy
3. Musee d'Orsay, Paris, France
4. New Acropolis Museum, Athens, Greece
5. Prado Museum, Madrid, Spain
6. London National Gallery, London, UK
7. Vasa Museum, Stockholm, Sweden
8. British Museum, London, UK
9. Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya), Istanbul, Türkiye
10. Borghese Gallery, Rome, Italy

10 best museums in the world:

1. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, USA
2. National Anthropological Museum, Mexico City, Mexico
3. State Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russia
4. Getty Center, Los Angeles, USA
5. Academy of Fine Arts, Florence, Italy
6. Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France
7. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA
8. New Acropolis Museum, Athens, Greece
9. Prado Museum, Madrid, Spain
10. Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial, Jerusalem, Israel

At the end of 2017, there are about 400 museums in the capital. Consider the most interesting places. We have prepared a selection for all age categories and different taste preferences. All places are suitable for families with children.

Tasty museums

1.

All the sweet tooth just need to get to this place. The whole history of chocolate and cocoa is before your eyes: the Mayans prepare an ancient drink, Cortes brings it to Spain, and chocolate begins a victorious journey around the world.

2. Museum of the history of Russian chocolate ("WORLD of chocolate")

Here you will find out who was the first chocolatier in the history of Russia. What types of chocolate were produced, where did it start its journey, why did the Russian delicacy become popular in many countries and what is the history of modern Russian chocolate.

3.

The Museum of Bread in the Izmailovsky Kremlin presents the centuries-old history of the bread industry in Russia: items of the peasantry of the 19th century, handmade wooden utensils, loaves, different types of bread and more. You can find out which of you is a baker, or you can just try local products.

Scientific and educational museums of Moscow

4. State Darwin Museum

Darwin Museum founded in 1907. There are thousands of exhibits representing different types of life on planet Earth. It will be interesting for both children and adults. You will meet many species of animals that you have not even heard of.

5.

Dozens of paintings painted by professional artists greet every visitor. Many come here for "avatars" to their page on the social network, others - to get a lot of positive emotions for the whole family. Don't forget to bring a camera with a large battery. This is one of the most popular museums in Moscow. Read more about them

6.

The Museum of Entertaining Sciences will make you feel like a research scientist. All exhibits simply need to be touched! In a playful manner, complex physical and chemical reactions are described. Even adults will learn a lot from the master classes.

7.

The solar system, a hydrogen rocket, a space bike - all exhibits are open to the public. The Lunarium interactive museum is located on the territory of the Moscow Planetarium and will tell anyone who wants the secrets of our galaxy.

8. Interactorium Mars-Tefo at VDNKh

The entire space of the site is completely devoted to the distant and little-known planet Mars. Mars is distinguished by its unfriendly disposition, but is it really so? At your disposal are models of rovers, compartments of the Mars-Tefo space station and views of the red planet from the windows.

9.

Child Center scientific discoveries on Teatralny Proyezd is somewhat reminiscent of the Experimentanium, but still differs from it. Here, in an accessible form, they talk about the action of physical laws, prepare their own toothpaste, experiment with different types of paints and soap bubbles. Great place for families with children.

10.

Few people have not been to the Museum of Cosmonautics. Here we get acquainted with spaceships, astronauts, launch vehicles and many other things that marked the era of space exploration. In addition to studying the exhibits, there is an opportunity to watch an educational film about space. The Museum of Cosmonautics is included in our TOP 4 best Moscow.

11.

The Polytechnic University is among the top largest science and technology museums in the world. Despite the reconstruction of the building where the Polytechnic University is located (on Kitay-Gorod), it continues to work until 2018, but at other addresses: VDNKh, the ZIL Cultural Center and the Technopolis Moscow.

The entire history of the automotive industry is concentrated in one place. Vintage cars of actors and actresses, leaders and members of the Politburo, famous foreign figures and other eminent car owners are hidden in the pavilions of the Museum of Vintage Cars.

13.

The Center for Popularization of Natural Science Knowledge The Moscow Planetarium talks about the sky, space and stars. To make a trip to the stars, it is not necessary to undergo cosmonaut training and wait for the construction of a spaceship, but it is enough to come to the Big Planetarium of Moscow.

14.

15.

The first oceanarium in Moscow and the second largest after the Moskvarium, will allow you to get acquainted with various representatives of the marine and freshwater fauna: animals, reefs, fish, reptiles, birds and others.

16.

The Museum of Technology of Vadim Zadorozhny is the largest private museum of ancient technology in Russia. The collection includes vintage cars, military equipment, aircraft, motorcycles and weapons. In total, there are more than 1,000 exhibits - an incredible amount of equipment for one person.

17. Interactive beekeeping museum at VDNKh

For all honey lovers and not only! Here you will learn the history of beekeeping, what bees are, how they are born, work and produce natural nectar - honey. In addition, anyone will be able to observe the life of bees throughout the year, as a real, live hive is located in the pavilion.

Historical museums of Moscow

18.

When it comes to historical museums, the first thing that comes to mind is. In the entire history of the Kremlin, no one has been able to take it by storm, not even once. 20 towers of a monumental structure represent a single powerful defensive line. Each tower hides its own story-mystery.

19.

The Historical Museum of Moscow is the largest national museum in Russia. Millions of objects of antiquity and modernity have been collected for almost 150 years (founded in 1872), 11 halls in a unique architectural monument will tell and show the centuries-old history of our country.

20.

The museum was founded in 1912 in honor of the 100th anniversary of the victory over the French. Thousands of exhibits belonging to the era of the 19th century appear before visitors in their original form. Here you will meet the heroes of bygone days, whose memory will be kept forever.

21.

The museum opened in Moscow in 1962. It is dedicated to one of the largest and bloodiest one-day battles in the history of mankind. According to some reports, about 6,000 people died every hour. It was the Battle of Borodino that became the beginning of the end of Napoleon I and the turning point in the First World War.

22. Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War

The memorial complex in which the museum was opened is dedicated to the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Here you will learn about all aspects and events of the Second World War. How the USSR prepared for the war, how the battles took place, what equipment and equipment they used, and more. The museum is unlikely to leave anyone indifferent.

23.

65 meters underground - this is the depth of this museum. Previously, it was a bomb shelter for the first persons of the USSR. The structure was erected in 1956 by order of Stalin and it was assumed that it was from here that the command of the USSR would lead the troops in the event of a nuclear war, but with the development of weapons, the requirements for such objects also changed.

Now everyone has the opportunity not only to get acquainted with the realities of past years, but also to hold a birthday or entertainment event at a depth of 65 meters underground. Please note that you can see more of these places and excursions in our article about excursions in Moscow.

24.

The Museum of the History of the Telephone is an example of how a hobby grows into something more. Here is the widest collection of all telephones from Europe, America and Russia. In total, there are about 2,000 exhibits of rare telephones of the 19th and 20th centuries. Some devices were at antique auctions, while others were provided from personal collections.

One of the largest natural history museums in the world is located in Moscow. Six halls dedicated to different periods of life on planet Earth. The whole area is about 5,000 m 2 . In each hall you will get acquainted with animals and mammals of ancient times. Dinosaurs are of particular interest to most visitors. Their size excites the mind. 225 million years separate us from these huge animals!

Art museums in Moscow

26.

The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow was founded in 1911. It is included in the top 3 largest museums in the country in terms of collections of foreign art. More than 670,000 paintings and sculptures have been collected here. All these treasures are located in an architectural monument in the center of Moscow.

27. Bulgakov House

"Bad" apartment at the address: Moscow, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 10, apt. 50 became the Bulgakov Museum. We all know where the "Bad Apartment" came from, of course, from his legendary novel - "The Master and Margarita". A novel that immortalized the writer and the apartment in which he lived until 1924.

28. Mosfilm

Mosfilm is the largest film studio and the only one in Europe that meets all the requirements of the international association. The territory of the film studio is 35 hectares. You will have a short excursion, lasting 1.5 hours, where they will tell you how the magic of cinema is created.

When did the first museum appear in Moscow

The first museum in Moscow was created in 1859 by Alexander II in the Chambers of the Romanov Boyars in Zaryadye, where one of them will open in 2017. By the way, the Chamber is the only surviving building from the entire Romanov estate. Certain restrictions were imposed on visiting the museum - no more than 8 people could be inside at a time, and it was possible to visit it 2 times a week. The entrance was free.

The first museum in Russia

Peter I not only opened a window to Europe, but also founded the first museum in Russia - the Kunstkamera in St. Petersburg. The Kunstkamera is a place where rare anatomical anomalies and unique antiquities from different nations are collected. Now the Kunstkamera has been renamed the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. Peter the Great.

The probable reason for the creation of the Kunstkamera was the similar places seen during a trip to Europe. Upon returning to his homeland, Peter I ordered the transfer of the capital of the state from Moscow to St. Petersburg and began to collect rare exhibits for the first Russian museum. The name of the museum was given in the Western manner - Kunstkamera (from German means "cabinet of rarities"). The date of foundation is considered to be 1714.

The history of the creation of the first museum in the world

The world's first museum (derived from the Greek word "Museion") was established in Greece, Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. The exposition of the world's first museum consisted of a botanical and zoological gardens, an observatory, and a library. Over time, the museum's collection was replenished with statues, busts, medical and astronomical instruments. The museum existed solely thanks to state funding. The founder of the first museum in the world was the then ruler of Greece, Ptolemy I.

Two centuries later, the museum had more than 750 thousand manuscripts, which were kept in the Library of Alexandria. The museum was led by the chief priest, who was appointed by the king of Egypt. It was the largest library and museum in the world at the time. According to some data, most of the exhibits and manuscripts were burned during a fire in 270 AD.

Hermitage is the best museum in Europe. This is what millions of tourists from all over the world have decided by leaving reviews on the international travel portal TripAdvisor. In total, 509 cultural institutions of the world were analyzed. What does the "Russian ten" look like Natalia Letnikova.

Hermitage

3 million pieces. 20 kilometers of masterpieces. And the Hermitage began as a private collection of Catherine II of 225 paintings. Only the elite could see him, having received a ticket at the palace office and dressed in a tailcoat or uniform. The Hermitage today is the masterpieces of Rembrandt and Raphael, Giorgione and Rubens, Titian and Van Dyck. This is the only opportunity to see the works of Leonardo da Vinci in Russia.

The experts calculated: if you stop for just a minute at each exhibit in the Hermitage, it will take 8 years without sleep and rest to see everything.

Tretyakov Gallery

Tretyakov Gallery

The Hermitage not only delights, but also inspires. It was after his visit that Pavel Tretyakov got excited about the idea of ​​his own collection of paintings. As a result, the Tretyakov Gallery has become one of the most significant collections of works by Russian artists in the world. Even the famous facade is the creation of Viktor Vasnetsov. The Tretyakov gallery is rich in paintings with history. The first "fabulous" plot of Russian painting is "Mermaids" by Ivan Kramskoy, written under the impression of Gogol's works. And the largest canvas of the Tretyakov Gallery "The Appearance of Christ to the People" is Alexander Ivanov's graduation work, which he wrote for 20 years.

Armouries

Armouries

Treasury of Moscow princes and Russian tsars.

The indispensable attributes of sovereign power are kept: the scepter, orb, Monomakh's cap, which was crowned as king before the reign of Peter I. Among the 4,000 exhibits is the world's only double throne.

It was created specifically for the princely brothers Ivan V and Peter Alekseevich, who together were crowned kings. And of course, a significant part of the museum-treasury is a weapon. But also exclusively as a work of art. For example, the gun of Catherine II in the Rococo style.

floating museum

floating museum

Submarine B-413. Place of fun - the city of Kaliningrad. For 20 years, the submarine has been in combat service in the Northern Fleet. She has traveled to Cuba and Guinea. And even in peacetime, the crew managed to get the title of "Excellent Ship".

Retired since 2000. In Russia, by the way, four submarines have become museums, all of them are open to the public. But the B-413 is the only one that has been preserved in its original form. Everything is the same on the ship: mechanisms, ammunition, weapons. And visitors to the museum become submariners for a while. The crew goes on virtual scuba diving, conducts a torpedo attack, copes with an accident in the compartment.

Russian Museum

Russian Museum

The world's largest collection of Russian art is the Russian Museum, created by imperial decree at the end of the 19th century. The exposition, located in 5 palaces of St. Petersburg, includes paintings whose names have long become household names: "The Last Day of Pompeii", "Barge Haulers on the Volga", "The Ninth Wave". In total, there are more than 400,000 exhibits in the collection. Despite its serious status, the museum is ready for experiments, which confirms the presence of the youngest department of the latest trends. Unusual exhibitions complete the image. For example, at the end of 2013, Sylvester Stallone exhibited at the Russian Museum. The actor draws in the spirit of expressionism.

Diamond fund

Diamond fund

A mountain of gems of historical and artistic value. The collection began to be collected by decree of Peter I.

The most famous exhibit is the Great Imperial Crown. In record time, in just two months, the craftsmen set 4,936 diamonds and 75 pearls in silver. Decorated the crown with a bright red crystal - spinel. The main symbol of the power of Russian monarchs, weighing almost 2 kg, was placed on the heads of all emperors, starting with Catherine II. One of the most prestigious exhibits is the Orlov diamond, which adorns the scepter of Catherine the Great, bought for her by Count Orlov, the largest in the Diamond Fund and one of the most expensive in the world. A diamond was found in India, where it is supposed to have been the eye of the Buddha.

Museum of Fine Arts named after A. S. Pushkin

The most European in Russia is the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts. In the center of Moscow, in a building resembling an ancient temple, no matter what the hall is, it is an era. Italian and Greek "courtyards", a six thousandth collection of authentic artifacts of Ancient Egypt, collected by Russian scientist Vladimir Golenishchev during travels and excavations. The famous treasure of Troy, discovered by Heinrich Schliemann, is also kept in Pushkinskoye. As a child, the German archaeologist read Homer's Iliad and subsequently found the city covered with legends. But it will not be possible to get a complete picture of the Pushkinsky collection. Indeed, out of 670,000 exhibits, no more than 2% are exhibited.