About Russian proverbs and sayings. Russian folk proverbs Saying there is everything

"The genius, spirit and character of the people is manifested in its proverbs" (F. Bacon)

Folk proverbs and sayings are part of the spiritual heritage that we inherited from our ancestors. This is truly a golden storehouse of folk wisdom accumulated over many centuries. They cover almost all aspects of our life, so it is very useful to introduce your baby to proverbs and sayings from early childhood, memorize , to tell their meaning, where and in what cases they are used, learn to resort to them at every opportunity.

RUSSIAN FOLK PROVERBS AND SAYINGS.

To live life is not a field to cross.

Every Egor has a saying.

Proverb-flower, proverb-berry.

Not knowing the ford, do not poke your head into the water.

Life is given for good deeds.

Red speech proverb.

Trust in God, but don't make a mistake yourself.

A house is not built without corners, speech is not spoken without a proverb.

Wet rain is not afraid.

Small, but remote.

On someone else's side, I'm happy with my little funnel.

Whoever burns himself in milk, he blows into the water.

A cowardly bunny and a stump - a wolf.

There would be dinner, but the spoon is found.

From time immemorial, the book raises a person.

Own land and in a handful is sweet.

Ah yes oh will not give help.

Falsely acquired for the future will not work.

Once he lied, but for a century he became a liar.

The mother swings high and hits gently, the stepmother swings low and hits painfully.

On the native side and the pebble is familiar.

It is better to forgive ten guilty people than to execute one innocent.

Where the pine has grown, there it is red.

It is bad for him who does no good to anyone.

Wormwood does not grow without a root.

The sting is sharp, and the tongue is sharper.

Without a friend in the heart of a blizzard.

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

There is no friend, so look for, but there is, so take care.

A liar is always an unfaithful friend, he will deceive you around.

The native side is the mother, the alien side is the stepmother.

Where to live, there to be known.

Meet by clothes, and see off by mind.

Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.

That bird is stupid, which does not like its nest.

To go on a visit - it is necessary to drive to yourself.

Trouble is trouble, and food is food.

On the other side, and the spring is not red.

Every man is the blacksmith of his own happiness.

On the other side, even the falcon is called a crow.

God will soak, God will dry.

Teach children without people.

A storm hits a tall tree.

Altyn silver does not break the ribs.

You don't get rich by cheating, you get poorer.

You go for a day, take bread for a week.

If you like to ride - love to carry sleds.

What is the spin, such is the shirt on it.

He destroys himself who does not love others.

It is better to be silent than to lie.

If you don't know how to sew with gold, then strike with a hammer.

The hand of the giver will not fail.

If only he knew where he fell, he spread straws here.

The eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing.

Summer works for winter, and winter works for summer.

Who indulges children, then sheds a tear.

For a scientist they give three unscientists, and even then they don’t take it.

In crowded but not mad.

What goes around comes around.

Prepare the sleigh in summer and the cart in winter.

Who knows a lot, much is asked.

Get up early, understand sensibly, perform diligently.

Perhaps they won’t bring it to good somehow.

The work of the master is afraid.

Play, play, but know the matter.

Finished the job - walk boldly.

You can't even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.

The envious eye sees far.

Health can not be bought - his mind gives.

Business time, fun hour.

The day is long until the evening, if there is nothing to do.

Who does not work shall not eat.

In the summer you work up - in the winter you get hungry.

Skillful hands do not know boredom.

Patience and a little effort.

You love to ride, love to carry sleds.

There will be a day - there will be food.

Labor feeds a person, but laziness spoils.

Take it together, it won't be heavy.

Beware of troubles while they are not.

The craft does not ask to drink and eat, but feeds itself.

The snow is white, but they trample underfoot, the poppy is black, and people eat.

Although the child is crooked, the father-mother is cute.

Not an ax amuses, but a carpenter.

Do not sit idly by, and there will be no boredom.

Boring day until evening, if there is nothing to do.

A rolling stone gathers no moss.

Without work to live only to smoke the sky.

Postpone idleness, but do not postpone business.

Don't hurry with your tongue, hurry with your deeds.

Handle every task skillfully.

There would be a hunt - work will go well.

They are greeted by the dress, escorted by the mind.

Learning to read and write is always useful.

And the strength of the mind is inferior.

They sent a smart one - say one word, say three fools, and go after him yourself.

A smart head has a hundred hands.

Mind is good, but two is better.

You can't live without the sun, you can't live without the sweet.

As is the mind, so are the speeches.

In a smart conversation, gain your mind, lose your mind in a stupid one.

Know more and say less.

The stupid one turns sour, but the smart one will provide everything.

The bird is red in singing, and the man in learning.

An unlearned person is like an unsharpened axe.

The dunno lies, and the know-it-all runs far.

If you want to eat kalachi, don't sit on the stove.

From the window of the whole world you can not look back.

Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.

The alphabet is science, and the guys are beech.

An old friend is better than two new ones.

A friend argues, and an enemy agrees.

Do not recognize a friend in three days, recognize in three years.

A friend and brother is a great thing: you won’t get it soon.

I was with a friend, I drank water - sweeter than honey.

There is no friend, so look for, but you will find, so take care.

Make new friends, but don't lose old ones.

For a friend, seven miles is not a suburb.

An orphan without a friend, a family man with a friend.

Seven do not wait for one.

A horse is known in grief, and a friend in trouble.

When the sun is warm, when the mother is good.

There is no friend like a mother.

What is the treasure, if the family is in harmony.

Brotherly love is better than stone walls.

The bird is glad of spring, and the baby of the mother.

The children's hut is fun.

The whole family is together, and the soul is in place.

Maternal affection knows no end.

Maternal anger is like spring snow: and a lot of it falls, but it will soon melt.

The dear child has many names.

Grandmother - only one grandfather is not a grandson.

Good daughter Annushka, if mother and grandmother praise

From the same oven, but the rolls are not the same.

And a mad sheep will be born from a good father.

The bird is in the nest until autumn, and the children are in the house until the age.

From a bad seed do not expect a good tribe.

Capricious in childhood, ugly in years.

All children are equal - both boys and girls.

The children's hut is fun.

A painting by the artist Pieter Brueghel (1525/30–1569) titled “Sayings”. The name speaks for itself, the picture shows more than two dozen different instructive sayings. Here are some of them: banging your head against the wall, leading each other by the nose, pouring beads in front of pigs, putting sticks in wheels, sitting between two chairs, looking through your fingers, and others. Where in the picture is shown, what saying are you looking for yourself.

They were discovered by archaeologists in Egypt. Unique examples of clay tablets with aphorisms date back to about 2500 BC. The other significant source of catchphrases is, of course, the Bible. Its Old Testament part calls King Solomon, who lived in the 10th century BC, the author of 900 proverbs.

The wise sayings of contemporaries were collected and systematized by the Greek philosophers and cultural figures Aristotle, Zinovy, Plutarch, Aristophanes. The popularity of proverbs and sayings Aristotle explained by their brevity and accuracy.

In 1500, the Dutch scholar and Erasmus of Rotterdam published the result of a long study of ancient Greek and Roman history. Multi-page work "Proverbs". In it, Erasmus included more than 3000 Roman and Greek winged expressions, adapted by him for understanding. The most educated representatives of European society became interested in the book. It was translated into national languages ​​and studied in educational institutions. So, the sayings of the Ancient World penetrated into the culture of the peoples of Europe. This explains the presence of figurative expressions similar in meaning in different languages.

In Russia, the first proverbs are recorded in the annals and literary texts of the 12th-13th centuries: “The Tale of Bygone Years”, “The Tale of Igor's Campaign”, “The Prayer of Daniel the Sharpener”, etc. With short sayings, the Russian people expressed devotion to the Motherland, their readiness to defeat all the enemies of Rus' and confidence in an early victory. So, the author of "The Tale of Bygone Years" cites the saying "Piebosha, like obre", which means "They died like obry". This expression was born after the expulsion by the Slavic peoples from their lands of the tribe of nomadic obrovs. The proverb, which took shape at the end of the 8th century, helped the chronicler to figuratively convey his thoughts about the fate of all the invaders of the Russian land.

At the end of the 17th century, an unknown author compiled a collection of "Tales, or proverbs of the most popular alphabetically." The book contains more than 2500 catchphrases. On the pages of the collection you can find expressions that are familiar even to modern Russians. So, since the time of the Tatar-Mongol yoke, which was painful for Rus', the saying “Empty, how Mamai passed” has been known.

Some aphorisms entered the folk language from ancient fairy tales and legends, for example: "The beaten unbeaten is lucky." But most of the proverbs reflect the customs and daily chores of ordinary people: “Without labor you can’t even catch a fish from a pond”, “The one who saves money lives without need”, “August-priest amuses the peasant with care and work”, etc.

Russian writers of the 19th century significantly enriched the national vocabulary. From the fables, poems and poems of A.S. Pushkin, A.S. Griboyedov, I.A. Krylov, the people transferred many short sayings into everyday speech. Over time, literary sayings almost completely merged with folk art: “Happy hours are not observed”, “All ages are submissive to love”, “And Vaska listens and eats”, etc.

A detailed study of folk sayings was carried out in the 30-50s of the XIX century by the Russian philologist Vladimir Dal. Until now, his collection "Proverbs of the Russian people" is considered the most complete. Dahl placed 30 thousand expressions in the book, dividing them into several thematic parts.

Of course, the set of proverbs and sayings used in everyday life changes periodically. Obsolete in meaning or form of expression give way to more modern ones. In addition, new objects, phenomena, situations and relationships appear. Folk wisdom captures social changes in the form of current sayings: “If you don’t pay back a loan, there will be a face of a bit”, “Our people don’t take a taxi to the bakery”.

Proverbs and sayings have come down to us from ancient times. These are short, simple, but rich in thought sayings.

They were formed by the people even before the charter appeared in Rus'. A people that can neither read nor write, as it were, created their own oral school. In their best proverbs, the people passed on from fathers to sons, from grandfathers to grandchildren their cherished rules of life, taught children the mind to reason.

That is why the wisdom of the people is contained in proverbs, that is why the people's views on life are reflected in them.

Ancient proverbs live in our native language today: both in conversation and in books. Proverbs decorate our speech, make it lively, witty. Russian writers and poets loved to listen to people speak and wrote down proverbs and sayings.

My day in proverbs and sayings.

In the morning the sun rises, it calls everyone to get up.

Washing.

I bought soap to wash the stigma.

You won't spoil the porridge with oil.

Go to school.

Postpone idleness, but do not postpone business. An unlearned person is like an ax not sharpened.

A large piece and the mouth rejoices.

Homework.

Where on horseback, where on foot, and where on all fours. Tyap yes blunder - the ship will not come out.

Boring day until evening, if there is nothing to do.

Eat breakfast yourself, share lunch with a friend, and give dinner to the enemy.

The morning is wiser than the evening.

Fairy tales by proverbs

Two friends.

Once upon a time there were two friends, Sasha and Katya. They signed up for the ski section. Sasha skated better than Katya. Now it's time for the competition. The coach showed the girls the route to run on and wished them good luck. Sasha and Katya were in the lead, but then Sasha's ski broke. Katya laughed and ran away. The girls running behind helped Sasha get to the finish line. They were late, but did not leave a man in trouble. After this incident, Sasha did not become friends with Katya - their friendship broke up.

Friendship is like glass, if you break it, you can't put it together.

As it comes around, so it will respond.

Once upon a time there was a boy, Petya. The boy was angry, he did not like cats, if he sees a kitten, he immediately takes and throws a stone at him.

So the good wizard saw this and decided to turn Petya into a kitten. So Petya the boy became Petya the kitten.

Petya wanders hungry, looking for something to eat, suddenly some boy runs out and throws Petya with his foot. Kitten Petya felt hurt and offended, and he said to himself that he would never hurt kittens again. After all, as it comes around, it will respond. The wizard heard this and turned the kitten Petya back into a boy.

Now Petya never offends animals and does not allow others.

Close together, but boring apart.

A brother and sister lived. They had many toys. They constantly quarreled over them. And they decided to share the toys. Divided, and everyone began to play in his corner.

But the soldiers had no one to protect, because the dolls were in the other corner.

And there was no one to feed the dolls: there were no soldiers nearby!

The brother and sister sat, thought, and decided: “It’s crowded together, but boring apart!”

Where it is thin, there it breaks

Where it is thin, it breaks there - you don’t need to let anything take its course, rely on chance, luck, rely on chance. Where reliability is possible, it should be sought. Prefer stability to chaos, order to disorder, power to anarchy. Otherwise, sooner or later, but at the most inopportune moment, weakness, inferiority of the plan, ill-conceived actions, irresponsibility in decision-making will manifest itself and ruin the business, mix plans, nullify calculations, that is, the thin thread that connected hopes and accomplishments will break

An English synonym for the expression "where it is thin, there it breaks" - and chain is only as strong as its weakest link A chain is only as strong as its weakest link

Analogues of the proverb "where it is thin, it breaks there"

• Where it's bad, here it will be flogged
• On poor Makar and bumps fall
• Where there is no share, there is little happiness
• Whom on the head, and me by the temple
• If I knew where to fall, I would spread straws
• From the rain and under the drops
• Whose sin is the answer
• Left the wolf - attacked the bear
• Out of the frying pan into the fire
• There is a bear in the forest, and a stepmother in the house
• That cow falls that gives milk

Use of the expression in literature

— “However, such a sophisticated scenario would inevitably fail, according to the saying: where it is thin, it breaks there”(A. D. Sakharov "Memories")
— “That’s all, mother Stepanovna, grief, grief is one, because where it’s thin, it breaks there”(Vasily Belov "The usual business")
— “Women’s voices sing, they sing subtly, with all their desire and all their weakness, it’s hard to listen - so subtly, where it’s thin, it breaks there, completely by a thread - they sing, just like that professor: “I have one hair on my head, but - thick"(M.I. Tsvetaeva "The Tale of Sonechka")
— “And where it is thin, it breaks there. The barmaid felt sorry for the beautiful “polka”, but, seeing that the “polka” was pregnant, she was virtuously embarrassed that she let “such”(A. V. Amfiteatrov Marya Lusyeva)

I. S. Turgenev “Where it is thin, there it breaks”

A play by Turgenev

Comedy in one act, written in 1847 in a special genre of dramatic works - proverb plays (proverbes), popular in Russia in the 1830s. The origins of the genre go back to the salon or secular comedy of the French playwright of the 18th century P. Marivaux. The main thing in the proof was “a verbal duel of characters (Turgenev has only eight of them), demonstrating their sharpness of mind, intellectual ingenuity and graceful lightness of speech passages. At the end of the play-proverb, an aphoristic remark had to sound, designed to sum up the instructive conclusion to what was happening and to reveal the instructive meaning of the events. At the end of Turgenev's play, this remark is uttered by one of the characters - Mukhin, with which he reproaches his friend for the excessive subtlety of the psychological game with the charming girl Vera Nikolaevna Libanova: “Mukhin (getting into place with m-lle Bienaimé, in Gorsky's ear). It’s good, brother, it’s good: you’re not shy ... but confess, ")

1. Appetite comes with eating, and greed is at the time of appetite.

2. Grandmother wondered, said in two whether rain, or snow, whether it will be, or not.

3. Poverty is not a vice, but misfortune.

4. A healthy mind in a healthy body - rare luck.

5. The family has its black sheep, and because of the freak, everything is not to please.

6. Lucky as sabbath drowned man - no need to heat the bath.

7. A raven will not peck out a crow's eye, and peck out, but not pull out.

8. Everyone seeks the truth, not everyone does it.

9. Where it is thin, it breaks there, where it is thick, there it is layered.

10. It was smooth on paper, Yes, they forgot about the ravines, and walk along them.

11. Goal like a falcon, and sharp as an ax.

12. Hunger is not an aunt, won't bring a pie.

13. Hunchbacked grave will fix, and the stubborn - a club.

14. The lip is not a fool, the tongue is not a shovel: know what is bitter, what is sweet.

15. Two pair of boots, yes both left.

16. Two thirds are waiting, and seven do not wait for one.

17. Girlish shame - to the threshold, overstepped and forgot.

18. The work of the master is afraid, and another craftsman.

19. Road spoon to dinner, and there at least under the bench.

20. The law is not written for fools, if written - then not read, if read - then not understood, if understood - then not so.

21. We live, we chew bread, and sometimes we add salt.

22. For a beaten man they give two unbeaten, Yes, it doesn't hurt, they take.

23. You chase two hares - not one wild boar you won't catch.

24. Overseas fun, but someone else's, and we have grief, but our own.

25. Hare legs are worn, the teeth feed the wolf, the tail protects the fox.

26. AND business time, And fun hour.

27. And the blind horse carries, if a sighted person sits on a cart.

28. A mosquito will not knock down a horse, until the bear helps.

29. Whoever remembers the old - that eye out, and whoever forgets - both.

30. The hen pecks grain by grain, and the whole yard is in the litter.

31. Dashing trouble is the beginning, and the end is near.

32. Dashing trouble initiative - there is a hole, there will be a hole.

33. Young people scold - amuse themselves, and the old people scold - rage.

34. They carry water on the (offended) angry, and the good ones themselves ride.

35. Do not open your mouth at someone else's loaf, get up early and start your own.

36. Not all cat carnival, there will be a post.

37. The woodpecker does not grieve that he cannot sing, and so the whole forest hears it.

38. Neither fish nor meat, neither caftan nor cassock.

39. A new broom sweeps in a new way, but when it breaks, it lies under the bench.

40. One in the field is not a warrior, and the traveler.

41. Horses die from work, and people are getting stronger.

42. Horses don't roar from oats but they do not look for good from good.

43. Stick, double-edged, hitting here and there.

44. Repetition is the mother of learning, consolation of fools.

45. Repetition is the mother of learning and a haven for the lazy.

46. ​​Water does not flow under a lying stone, and under the rolling - does not have time.

47. The drunken sea is knee-deep, and the puddle is up to your ears.

48. Dust in a column, smoke in a yoke, but the hut is not heated, not swept.

49. Work is not a wolf, it will not run away into the forest, because it, accursed, must be done.

50. Grow big, but don't be a noodle, stretch a mile, but don't be simple.

51. The fisherman sees the fisherman from afar, therefore bypasses.

52. Hand washes hand, yes they both itch.

53. Get along with a bee - get a honey, contact with a beetle - you will find yourself in manure.

54. Your eye is a diamond, and the alien is glass.

55. Seven troubles - one answer, the eighth trouble - absolutely nowhere.

56. A bold bullet is afraid, and he will find a coward in the bushes.

57. Dog in the manger lies, she does not eat and does not give to cattle.

58. The dog was eaten, choked on their tail.

59. Old age is not joy, sit down - do not get up, run - do not stop.

60. The old horse will not spoil the furrow, and it won't plow deep.

62. Fear has large eyes, yes they don't see anything.

63. Hit on one cheek - turn the other, but don't let yourself get hit.

64. Mind chamber, yes the key is lost.