What is the meaning of the fairy tale captain's daughter. The meaning of the Kalmyk fairy tale in the story "The Captain's Daughter" essay miniature
Circumstances brought the protagonist of the novel "The Captain's Daughter" Grinev with the robber Pugachev. Together they went to the Belogorsk fortress to free the orphan who was languishing there, and on the way they got into a frank conversation. What is the meaning of the Kalmyk fairy tale, told by Pugachev in response to Grinev's proposal to surrender to the mercy of the empress, will remain a mystery to those who are unfamiliar with Russian history.
Who is Pugachev, described by Pushkin in The Captain's Daughter
The sinister and mysterious character Emelyan Pugachev is a real historical figure. This Don Cossack became the leader of the Peasant War in the 70s of the XVIII century. He declared himself Peter III and, with the support of the Cossacks, dissatisfied with the existing government, raised an uprising. Some cities received the rebels with bread and salt, others defended themselves with the last of their strength from the invasion of the rebels. Thus, the city of Orenburg survived a grueling siege that lasted six months.
What is the meaning of Pugachev's Kalmyk fairy tale is clear to those who know about the Pugachev rebellion
In October 1773, the Pugachev army, joined by the Tatars, Bashkirs and Kalmyks, approached Orenburg. The action of the 11th chapter of the story "The Captain's Daughter", which describes the conversation between Guryev and Pugachev, takes place in that terrible winter of the Orenburg siege.
What is said in the fairy tale told by Pugachev
In a wagon on the winter road leading to the Belogorsk fortress, a conversation takes place, in which the future fate and true thoughts of the leader of the Peasant War are revealed. When asked by Grinev about the meaning and purpose of the uprising, Pugachev admits that it is doomed to defeat. He does not believe in the loyalty of his people, he knows that they will betray him at a convenient moment to save their lives.
On the offer to surrender to the authorities, the robber, like a small child, tells Grinev a fairy tale about a crow and an eagle. Its meaning is that the eagle, wanting to live 300 years, asks the raven for advice. Raven offers the eagle not to kill, but to eat carrion, as he does.
the meaning of the Kalmyk fairy tale in the captain's daughter and got the best answer
Answer from yuri didyk[guru]
You probably remember what fairy tale Pugachev told Grinev in A. S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter"?
“Listen,” Pugachev said with some wild inspiration. “I’ll tell you a fairy tale that an old Kalmyk woman told me as a child. Once an eagle asked a raven: “Tell me, raven bird, why do you live in this world for 300 years, and I’m only 33 years old? "-" Because, father, - the raven answered him, that you drink living blood, and I eat carrion. The eagle thought: "Let's try and we eat the same." Fine. The eagle and the raven flew. They saw a fallen horse, went down and sat down. The raven began to peck and praise. The eagle pecked once, pecked again, waved its wing and said to the raven: “No, brother raven: rather than eat carrion for 300 years, it’s better to drink living blood once, and then what God will give! » – What is the Kalmyk fairy tale?
“Crazy,” I answered him. But to live by murder and robbery means, for me, pecking at carrion.
Pugachev looked at me in surprise and did not answer.
Strange, but the researchers almost never mention this episode: either in passing, or not at all.
The teacher at school explained its meaning to us like this: Grinev, they say, with his noble narrow-mindedness, cannot understand the broad nature of Pugachev, his answer is out of tune and out of place, and Pugachev remained silent, realizing what an abyss was between them.
It turned out (however, it was suspected before) that the teacher did not come up with it herself. In a manual for teachers, published in stagnant times, we read: “Pugachev takes a desperate risk ... His broad nature is alien to compromise solutions ... Grinev's abstract humanism looked at least naive, Pugachev could easily refute his objections. But, wanting to show the scale of Pugachev's personality, Pushkin ... as if makes it clear to the reader that the leader of the uprising knew how to listen to judgments that ran counter to his own ideas.
Thus, according to the laws of class Soviet morality, it turned out that Pugachev's desperate risk, that is, imposture and the crimes that followed, was the right course of action. He called himself tsar, and so he was a true tsar of the people.
The opinion that Pugachev in the structure of Pushkin's work performs the function of a tsar, that he is the real tsar, and that Empress Catherine against his background is small and insignificant, more convinced and ardent than all Soviet literary critics combined (although many of them have similar conclusions) expressed Marina Tsvetaeva. Here are some excerpts from her article "Pushkin and Pugachev".
"Pushkin enchanted by Pugachev".
“In The Captain's Daughter, Pushkin fell under the spell of Pugachev and did not get out from under it until the last line ... Chara in his black eyes and black beard, charm in his smile, charm in his dangerous gentleness, charm in his feigned importance” .
“After The Captain's Daughter, I have never been able to fall in love with Catherine II. I’ll say more: I disliked her. ”
“Against the fire background of Pugachev - fires, robberies, snowstorms, wagons, feasts - this one, in a cap and a shower jacket, on a bench, between all sorts of bridges and leaves, seemed to me a huge white fish, a white fish. And even unsalted ... Let's compare Pugachev and Ekaterina in real life:
“Come out, beautiful girl, I will give you freedom. I am the sovereign." (Pugachev leading Marya Ivanovna out of the dungeon).
“Excuse me,” she said in an even more affectionate voice, “if I interfere in your affairs, but I am at court ...”
How much more regal in his gesture is a peasant who calls himself a sovereign than an empress who pretends to be a hanger-on.
Did Marina Ivanovna realize how much water and with what pressure she poured into the mill of Soviet propaganda? No, i guess. Yes, and she lived in those years abroad, so this is not written for the Soviet reader. Well, God be her judge ... It is well known that The Captain's Daughter is not the only work by Pushkin dedicated to the Pugachev uprising. Two years before the release of the story, the research work “The History of Pugachev” was published, where the author, with all possible scrupulousness, recreates the true events from the appearance
11. Rogalevich N.N. Dictionary of symbols and signs. - Minsk: Harvest, 2004. - 512 p.
12. Telitsyn V.L. Symbols, signs, emblems: an encyclopedia. - M.: Lokid-Press, 2003. - 495 p.
13. Tresidder D. Dictionary of symbols. - M.: GRAND, 1999. - 448 p.
14. Turskova T. A. New reference book of symbols and signs. - M.: Ripol classic, 2003. - 800 p.
15. Tyutchev F.I. Oh you, last love... - M.: Eksmo, 2014. - 384 p.
16. Tsvetaeva M.I. Works in two volumes. T1. - M.: Fiction, 1988. - 723 p.
17. Efendieva G.V. Artistic originality of female lyrics of the eastern branch of the Russian emigration. Dis. ... cand. philol. Sciences. - M., 2006. - 219 p.
18. Yazykov N.M. Complete collection of poems. - M.: Soviet writer, 1964. - 706 p.
UDC 821.161.1 LBC 83.3 (2 Ros=2 Ros)
B.A. Kichikova
"KALMYK TALE" IN THE FAIRY-SYMBOLIC CONTEXT OF A. S. PUSHKIN'S NOVEL "THE CAPTAIN'S DAUGHTER"
The "Kalmyk fairy tale" is considered in the article as one of the important elements of the fairy-tale-symbolic context of the novel "The Captain's Daughter" by A.S. Pushkin. The typological closeness to the structure of a fairy tale is due to the attraction of the novel to the plot of the hero's test. The tale of the Eagle and the Raven is included in Grinev's "second round of testing" for fidelity to duty and honor. The ambiguity of the "fairy tale" is determined by its function as a test riddle for the hero and the interconnection of the oppositions contained in it: life - death, freedom - slavery, high - low. The philosophical, moral-psychological and socio-historical meaning of the "fairy tale of an old Kalmyk woman" determines its role as a key episode in the problems of Pushkin's novel.
V.A. Kichikova
"A KALMYK FAIRY TALE" IN THE SYMBOLIC CONTEXT OF THE NOVEL "CAPTAIN"S DAUGHTER" BY A.PUSHKIN
The article considers "Kalmyk fairy tales" as one of the important element of symbolic context of the novel "Captain"s Daughter" by A.Pushkin. The novel depicts troubles of the main hero and it makes the novel closer to the structure of a fairy tale. "The Fairy Tale About Eagle and Raven" is included in "the second stage of troubles" by Grinev when he is examined for his devotion to duty and dignity. The fairy tale has many meanings and it determines its function as a testing riddle for the hero and the relationship of opposites like: life vs. death, liberty vs. slavery, high vs. low. Philosophical, moral and psychological and socio-historic meaning of the "the fairy tale by an old Kalmyk woman" defines its role as the key scene in the issues of the novel by A.Pushkin.
Key words: "The Captain's Daughter", Pushkin, Pugachev, Grinev, folklore, fairy tale structure, test plot, "Kalmyk fairy tale", honor, freedom.
Keywords: "Captain"s Daughter", A.Pushkin, Pugachev, Grinev, folklore, the structure of a fairy tale, a scene of trouble, "Kalmyk fairy tale", dignity, liberty.
As is known, archival materials, oral testimonies of contemporaries and folklore motifs are organically included in the works of A.S. Pushkin dedicated to the peasant war led by Pugachev. Both The History of Pugachev and The Captain's Daughter are permeated with elements of Cossack and peasant folklore, folk stories and oral memoirs, which are only partially preserved in the poet's notes. So, about thirty proverbs and sayings are introduced into the novel "The Captain's Daughter", including those common in the southern Urals and in the Orenburg Territory. Many folk songs cited in the novel and as epigraphs to its chapters are also known in the places where the Pugachev movement developed. As N.V. Izmailov noted, “through the images of folklore, Pushkin carried out one of his main tasks in his novel - the poetic glorification of the leaders of the peasant war.”
In the studies of recent decades, interest in the problems of "Pushkin and folklore", and in particular - in the fabulously symbolic beginning in the plot of the novel "The Captain's Daughter", has again become aggravated. So, I.P. Smirnov convincingly proved that Pushkin's historical novel in a transformed form retained the compositional links of a fairy tale on the plot of the hero's trials. In these trials, the traditional fairy-tale sequence of links unfolds - the family situation, the motivation for absence, prohibitions and covenants, in the terminology of V.Ya. Propp, the hardships of the main and the temptations of an alternative path for yesterday's undergrowth.
Thus, the development of the action up to a trip to a snowstorm and a meeting with the Leader corresponds to a fabulous test and at the same time anticipates the main test that awaits the hero of the novel in the Belogorsk fortress. In the hierarchy of the hero's assistants, the leader is the leader, later identified as Pugachev. Meeting with him in a snow whirlwind is similar to meeting with a wonderful fairy tale helper.
The preliminary test of the hero of the novel is "accompanied" by a snowstorm. The symbolic meaning of the image of a snowstorm / snowstorm was noted by G.P. Makogonenko. A blizzard - a formidable manifestation of the natural elements - embodies in the novel the deep meaning of the spontaneity of a popular uprising. Developing a number of observations about the similarity of the functions of a snowstorm in the story "The Snowstorm" and "The Captain's Daughter", A.I. Ivanitsky comes to the conclusion: “The continuity of elements and history, indicated in The Snowstorm, is affirmed in The Captain’s Daughter by the same Pugachev, who personifies the“ snowstorm ”and leads the rebellion.”
According to the analysis of I.P. Smirnov, the preliminary test "ends with a prophetic dream of the hero." Grinev's arrival at the Belogorsk fortress initiates the first series of the main test, all elements of which "completely correspond to the folklore canon: 1) a catch (the pest Shvabrin pretends to be a friend of the hero); 2) aiding (Grinev approaches the antagonist<...>); 3) extradition (Grinev reveals to Shvabrin the secret of his love for the commandant's daughter<...>); 4) sabotage (the antagonist slanders Masha); beginning opposition (the hero challenges Shvabrin to a duel<...>); 6) wrestling (duel); 7) branding (the hero is wounded)”; the motif of temporary death - deep oblivion after being wounded - the researcher considers "optional for a fairy tale".
The second series of tests begins with the siege of the fortress by the Pugachevites, when Grinev again meets with the Leader. For the service rendered to him, Pugachev agrees to help Grinev, but again tests him: “sets him a difficult task, offering him to go to the camp of the rebels. Negative reaction of the hero - ethically correct<.>an act that allowed him to strengthen the location of Pugachev ". A new clash between the hero and Pugachev in the Berdskaya Sloboda led to "a test interrogation, reinforced by Pugachev's gaiety - a sign of a successful outcome of the test."
I.P. Smirnov qualifies this episode as "a doublet to the first preliminary test of the hero by a wonderful assistant."
In the second round of the main test of the hero, the researcher highlights episodes marked as “the defeat of the antagonist, the neutralization of the misfortune with the assistance of a wonderful helper, finding a bride, the triumph of the hero” .
Thus, the typological similarity of the plot of The Captain's Daughter with the fairy-tale scheme is determined, according to the author of the study that has already become a classic, "not only the commonality of the test blocks, but also the very principles of the organization of the narrative" .
In The Captain's Daughter, the structure of the magical fairy-tale plot is immersed in a folklore-colored plan of expression as a whole. In the characterization of Pugachev, created "from the outside" and "from the inside" (self-assessments, speech characteristics), formulas sound, texts are given, the very imagery of oral folk art comes through. The counselor - the Leader - the “muzhik king” speaks fluently and cunningly, allegorically, and even completely “piitically”. The meeting and conversation of the still nameless counselor with the owner of the "thieves'" skill is sprinkled with conspiratorial allusions to the impending uprising. The speech of heroes and characters - with Pushkin's sense of artistic measure - is equipped with proverbs and sayings, referring to which the author appeals to the people's point of view on the terrible events of the "Pugachevshchina", to the very "people's opinion" about conscience, duty and honor, without which it is impossible " human independence."
The proverb "Take care of honor from a young age" is taken as an epigraph to the entire novel. In a note worthy of recognition, we read: “The epigraph is an abbreviated version of the Russian proverb: “Take care of your dress again, and health and honor from a young age.” Grinev the father recalls this proverb in full, admonishing his son, who is leaving for the army. However, the commentators of the novel cited only one version of the proverb, moreover, without references to sources (the source is all the people!).
V.I. Dal - a doctor, an official and a writer (Pushkin met him on his 1833 journey along the route of "Pugachevism", he also took the last breath of the poet) - indicated variants of this proverb. In the collection of proverbs: "Take care of the dress again, and health from a young age"; in the Explanatory Dictionary: "Take care of the dress again, and health (and honor) from a young age."
Pushkin included in the epigraph only the theme of honor, which is key to the problematics of the novel, but all three components of the proverb are implicitly expressed in it, which confirms the plot: Grinev risks his property - “dress” (“hare sheepskin coat”, donated to the Counselor, compiled by Savelich’s famous “registry of the master’s good stolen by villains"); risks "health", and even life (a trip to a snowstorm, a duel with Shvabrin, imprisonment and the threat of execution), and finally - honor itself (loyalty to the moral duty and military oath of a nobleman caught in ties with the leader of the uprising).
G. P. Makogonenko gave a wonderful interpretation of the epigraph of the novel: “So, honor (independence, courage, nobility) is the basis of the moral code of people of all classes, because it has a “natural” character. Honor is characteristic of both the nobility and the "hard-working class" - that's why the people formulated their understanding of "natural" morality in a proverb.
The concept of honor in The Captain's Daughter does not really have an individual or class character. The principles of honor are guided by those characters who can be called "service people", that is, those who have taken on the duty of faithful service. The paired motif of "glory and honor", known since the time of "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", sounds in the military call of Captain Mironov: "<...>We will prove to the whole world that we are brave people and a jury! . The motive of honor - "honest fight" and honest death - acquires a folk-poetic sound in the lamentation of Vasilisa Yegorovna for her executed husband.
Thus, folklore texts, quotations and reminiscences are perceived not as just separate "elements", but as a folk-poetic principle that permeates the plot, composition, content and problems of the novel.
An important episode, created according to the principle of "a fairy tale within a fairy tale", is one of the key links in the plot of the hero's test, whose ideological and artistic significance can hardly be overestimated. This episode connects the previous events of "Captain-
daughter" with the subsequent ones - the first "round" of the test of the hero with the second. References to the Kalmyks, overwhelmed by the elements of the uprising, - fictional (the unfortunate Yulai in The Captain's Daughter) and quite real (the famous Fyodor Derbetev and many others in The History of Pugachev) - are concentrated, as if pulled into a tight knot of the "fairy tale" heard by Pugachev from "old Kalmyk woman" - in fact, a philosophical parable about the meaning of life.
Grinev left the besieged Orenburg for the Belogorsk fortress to rescue Marya Ivanovna, on the way he was detained in Berdy and interrogated in the "palace" by Belo-borodov and Khlopushy (Sokolov), Pugachev's closest associates, who again showed him his favor. The next morning, both set off from Berdskaya Sloboda to Belogorskaya to rescue Masha. In the wagon, without Pugachev's "terrible comrades", both were able to talk frankly. We are talking about the fate of Pugachev: “My street is cramped; I have little will. My guys are smart.<.. .>at the first failure, they will redeem their neck with my head. Grinev: "Wouldn't it be better for you to get behind them yourself, in advance, and resort to the mercy of the empress?" Pugachev: "There will be no pardon for me". The tale of the Eagle and the Raven ends with the turning point in the plot of the novel chapter X1 "Rebellious Sloboda". Here is the text in full.
“Listen,” said Pugachev with some wild inspiration. - "I'll tell you a fairy tale that an old Kalmyk woman told me as a child. Once an eagle asked a raven: tell me, bird raven, why do you live in this world for three hundred years, and I'm only thirty-three years old?" - Because, father, the raven answered him that you drink living blood, and I eat carrion. The eagle thought: let's try and we eat the same. Good. The eagle and the raven flew. They saw a fallen horse; they went down and sat down. The raven began to peck and praise. The eagle he pecked once, pecked again, waved his wing and said to the raven: no, brother raven; rather than eat carrion for three hundred years, it’s better to drink living blood once, and then what God will give! - What is the Kalmyk fairy tale?
Note that the dialogue in the wagon marks the culmination of the relationship between the characters: it clearly shows the highest degree of their trust in each other - what Grinev previously called "my good agreement with Pugachev" - and in it their positions, as never before, are presented absolutely opposite. This conversation naturally ends with a "fairy tale", where the concepts of the way of life and its meaning are expressed so antinomically.
We also note that the juxtaposition of "dead/carrion" and "living blood" passes into a "fairy tale" directly from the context of Grinev's "trial interrogation" in Pugachev's "palace". Pugachev "associates" ask about the situation of the besieged Orenburg: "<...>what is the state of your city?" Grinev "obliged to take an oath began to assure" "that there are enough supplies in Orenburg." and then for the honor, "and advised Grinev to be hanged, but ran into objections from the standpoint of a kind of (robber's) code of honor. Despair is evident in Khlo-Pushi's gesture and his appeal to Beloborodov's conscience: "Is there not enough blood on your conscience?<...>and I am sinful, and this hand<...>guilty of shed Christian blood. But I destroyed the enemy, not the guest. Of course, the opposition "living blood" - "dead meat / carrion" in the "Kalmyk fairy tale" is already symbolically rethought.
The fairy tale of the “old Kalmyk woman” is monographically studied in the informative work of V. V. Borisova, from which the following provisions are fundamentally important for us. “According to the deep semantic structure”, the researcher brings together the “fairy tale” from the novel
with "a magical-heroic tale associated with the mythological opposition of" life - death ", expressed in the typological opposition of the eagle to the crow for world folklore" .
“The eagle is associated with the sky, hence the opposition of the eagle to the crow; parallel to the opposition "high - low", as evidenced by the spatial movement of the characters in the "Kalmyk fairy tale". Unlike the raven, the eagle is associated with the beginning of "life"<...>; “how the metaphors of “life and death” are perceived in the text as “carrion” and “living blood”; the mythological idea of "living blood" is associated with the fabulous motif of "living water", since "food" (in the broad sense, including drinking) in the mythological consciousness is a metaphor for "life". "Carrion" is perceived as a metaphor for "death", that which cannot be eaten does not give life, and therefore leads to death.
When considering the semantic structure of Pugachev's "fairy tale", the researcher draws attention to the initial situation - "extortion associated with the solution of the main issue - the discovery of the mystery of "life - death"" . “The eagle is tested by food”, in which food functions “as a means, a “form of transmission” of the secret of “life-death”; it appears here as a necessary way of forming a heroic personality, freely making an irreversible choice.<...>"Dead" as a payment for a long life is rejected, a new content of life is established.<...>The free behavior of the individual is opposed to slavish opportunism; for the sake of a long life, you need to eat “carrion”, “carrion” here acts as an element related to the kingdom of death, associated with the underworld.
The “concrete, actually mythological meaning” of this inserted plot allows V.V. Borisova to conclude: “In the behavior of an eagle, one can see the features of a cultural hero who entered into a struggle with demonic forces and defeated them.”
It would seem that the last, but by no means final, word in the ideological dialogue of the characters at the end of the XIX chapter of The Captain's Daughter remains with Grinev. After Pugachev's question: "what is the Kalmyk fairy tale?" - follows:
“Intricate,” I answered him. - But to live by murder and robbery means for me to peck at carrion.
Pugachev looked at me with surprise and did not answer. Both of us fell silent, each immersed in our own thoughts.
Pugachev's question "What is the Kalmyk fairy tale?" Grinev, “heard” differently: “What does this fairy tale mean?” The stingy answer of "Zateyliv" states what Grinev heard as a simple allegory - a kind of test riddle, with an outlined condition and an implied solution. In his answer, the vocabulary of Khlopushi and Beloborodov from a recent interrogation is paradoxically combined with the vocabulary of Raven from the “fairy tale” that has ceased to sound. The outlined condition of the riddle is "To live by murder and robbery." In the interpretation-guessing, Grinev states: "it means for me to peck at the carrion." So it seems that Grinev's thoughts still remained at the "interrogation test" in the Berdskaya Sloboda, and if he stepped into the space of the "fairy tale", he only walked along its edge.
Meanwhile, the text of the “Kalmyk fairy tale” implicitly contains a completely different question: what is better for true life? And Pugachev's surprise was due to the fact that his interlocutor did not understand the fairy tale of the "old Kalmyk girl" that he remembered from his "childhood". Her allegorical tragic heroism, symbolic meaning and artistic and generalizing meaning were not and could not be perceived by Grinev.
We believe that in terms of genre, the “Kalmyk fairy tale” is rather a philosophical parable-controversy, since in it the dialogue of characters reveals two polar points of view on the fundamental questions of being: about life and its meaning. And the parable, according to the academician
D.S. Likhachev, "always tells about the "eternal"". Creating the "Kalmyk fairy tale", Pushkin obviously started from the parable, because this laconic genre reflects a universal, mythologically closed and timeless picture of the world.
And only one question is not raised by the author in relation to both the heroes of his fairy tale-parable, and in relation to the main characters of the novel: who is right? The mutual attraction of Pugachev and Grinev develop into their need for each other, as is clear from their dialogues [see: 9, p. 369-383]. In the dialogues, the polar opposite of the goals, ideals and life creeds of the heroes is expressed. Thus, their relationship is built, according to the established terminology of Yu. V. Mann, according to the principle of dialogic conflict, which does not imply a single answer to the question: who is right? .
The problem of perception of Pugachev's "fairy tale" - Pushkin's philosophical parable - has, as it seems to us, a deeply personal authorial subtext. The socio-psychological conflict and the moral and philosophical problems of The Captain's Daughter are determined by the range of basic, categorical concepts that live and develop in Pushkin's creative mind - the concepts of freedom and happiness, honor and duty. It is impossible to get rid of the idea that the allegorical meaning of the “Kalmyk fairy tale” expresses the credo not only of Pugachev, but also of the poet himself, who, after The Captain’s Daughter, had only a few months left to live among people. The Eagle's path is ordered to the Raven - a brief moment of a full-blooded life is higher than a dead existence, and honor and freedom are higher than life itself.
The nobleman Grinev walks along the path of honor, understood as fidelity to duty. The path of honor, understood as the desire for freedom, is followed by the fugitive Cossack Pugachev. The third path, common to both, leading to freedom and happiness, is impossible. Let the author, who left The Captain's Daughter as his moral testament, cherishes the utopian, but the possibility of mutual understanding uniting people.
“Freedom belongs to the main elements of Pushkin's creativity and, of course, his spiritual being,” this formula of G. P. Fedotov sounds like cast in bronze. In his philosophical essay on Pushkin's "ethos of freedom", an important feature of the author's attitude to the hero of "The Captain's Daughter", and to the very properties of the national character, is noted: "Pugachev, telling with" wild inspiration "Kalmyk fairy tale about an eagle and a to eat carrion, it’s better to drink living blood once,” is the key to Pushkin’s passion. It is a guarantee that Pushkin<.>I could never discount the Russian, even wild, will.
Bibliography
1. Ovchinnikov R. V. Pushkin in his work on archival documents (“History of Pugachev”). L.: Nauka, 1969. 274 p.
2. Petrunina N. N., Fridlender G. M. At the origins of the "Captain's Daughter" / Petru-nina N. N., Fridlender G. M. Above the pages of Pushkin. L.: Nauka, 1974. S. 73-123.
3. Mikhailova N. I. Psyche, thinking about a flower: about Pushkin. Moscow: Luch, 2015. 416 p.
4. Izmailov N. V. Pushkin's Orenburg materials for the "History of Pugachev" // Izmailov N. V. Essays on Pushkin's work. L.: Nauka, 1975. S. 270-302.
5. Smirnov I. P. From a fairy tale to a novel // Proceedings of the Department of Old Russian Literature. Issue XXUP. History of genres in Russian literature of the 10th-11th centuries. L.: Nauka, 1972. S. 284-320.
please write a description of Peter Grenev from the story "The Captain's Daughter" in the form of an essay, but so that it does not start like this: Grinev Petr Andreevich(Petrusha) - protagonist of the last major work
Pushkin, a provincial Russian nobleman, on whose behalf (in the form of "notes for
memory of posterity, compiled in the era of Alexander I about the era of Pugachev
rebellion) is narrated. In the historical story "The Captain's Daughter"
all the themes of Pushkin's creativity of the 1830s came together.
1. The simplicity of the people and their role in the development of society
2. Honor and duty
3. The role of the people in the nobility in the development of the history of the country?
2) What is the confession of Mtsyri in the poem of the same name by M.Yu. Lermontov?
1. Repentance of the hero in actions and deeds
2. A call to abandon the fruitless struggle
3.protection and the right to will and happiness
3) What is the story of L.N. Tolstoy "After the Ball"
1. About the life and fate of the colonel
2. About Ivan Vasilyevich's love for Varenka, his relationship with the heroine's family
3. On the personal responsibility of a person for the life of society, falsehood, emptiness and inhuman cruelty of this society, hidden under the mask of good nature
4) The focus of the author in the poem "Vasily Terkin" A.T. Tvardovsky is located:
1. Real person Vasily Terkin, who visited the battlefields during the Great Patriotic War
2. People at war in a wide variety of situations and episodes
3. Events of the Great Patriotic War
5) What is the purpose of the Kalmyk fairy tale told by E. Pugachev to P. Grinev in A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter?
1. Allegorical additional characterization of the images of E. Pugachev and P. Grinev
2. Reflection of the life position of E. Pugacheva: it is better to live a short but free life than to exist in captivity
3. Additional characteristics of E. Pugachev as a good connoisseur of folk legends and traditions
6) With what proverb did the narrator characterize his friendship with the Luganovichi ("On Love" by A.P., Chekhov)?
1. The woman didn’t have any trouble, so she bought a pig
2. And you will get fleas from a good dog
3. Friends are known in trouble
7) In which story is the central theme the theme of love?
1. "Caucasus" I.A. Bunin
2. "Case history" M.M. Zoshchenko
3. "Return" by A.P. Platonov
The image of Pugachev in the story The Captain's Daughter
Plan
1. History in the work of A.S. Pushkin
2. The image of Pugachev
a) portraiture
b) Pugachev and the people
c) the inconsistency of Pugachev's nature
3. Who is Pugachev in the story: a villain or a virtue?
Please write the essay should be 2 pages
A.S. Pushkin's novel "The Captain's Daughter"
excerpt from chapter 11 "Rebellious settlement"
"KALMYK TALE"
(Pugachev) I'll tell you a fairy tale that an old Kalmyk woman told me as a child. Once an eagle asked a raven: tell me, raven-bird, why do you live in this world for three hundred years, and I am only thirty-three years old? - Because, father, the raven answered him, that you drink living blood, and I eat carrion. The eagle thought: let's try and we eat the same. Fine. The eagle and the raven flew. Here they saw a fallen horse; went down and sat down. The raven began to peck and praise. The eagle pecked once, pecked again, waved its wing and said to the raven: no, brother raven; than three hundred years to eat carrion, it is better to drink living blood once, and then what God will give! - What is the Kalmyk fairy tale?
(Grinev) - Intricate, - I answered him. - But to live by murder and robbery means for me to peck at carrion.
Pugachev looked at me with surprise and did not answer. Both of us fell silent, each immersed in our own thoughts. The Tatar sang a sad song...
- Translate the text of this parable from figurative language into understandable, simple language.
- With which of the heroes of the parable does Pugachev relate himself? Imagine yourself in the place of Pugachev, pick up popular expressions that describe Pugachev's position and arguments in defense of his position.
- Imagine yourself in the place of Grinev. What is the meaning of Grinev in his answer to Pugachev? Choose popular expressions that describe Grinev's position and arguments that defend his position.
- If you came across this parable on its own (in life, not in a novel), how would you explain it? Find illustrative examples for the position of "eagle" and "crow" by referring to literary works, biographies of famous people, feature films, etc.
