Recall the works of various types of art known to you. Main types and genres of art

Each person understands the meaning of art in different ways: some elevate and exalt, others erupt into the abyss of emotions. A person can do without works of art in everyday life, but emotional hunger needs to know real art, which gives a feeling of happiness, joy and peace of mind. It is able to take a person into the world of dreams and fantasies, which everyone expresses in various forms of art. Below we will consider them.

Plastic or spatial arts

art

This type of creativity aims to reproduce the surrounding world and feel it visually. For the sake of this type of art, many artists gave up a calm, well-fed life and burned on the altar of art. The works of the masters became the causes of political clashes and wars. Collectors were ready to incur a curse. That's what people are willing to do for the sake of art.

• Painting. The art of depicting reality with colors. It represents objects depicted with a multi-colored palette on the surface. The artist can express his inner world and emotions on canvas, easel and cardboard. This genre is divided into several types: easel, monumental, miniature.
• . The art of depicting objects with strokes and lines. On the one hand, both adults and children can do this, having only a sheet of paper, paints, pencils. But not everything is so simple, and those who believe that graphics are publicly available are mistaken. This is a complex kind that needs to be trained if you want to become masters of this business. The artist applies strokes, lines and spots on the plane (wood, metal, structures, cardboard, and so on), using one or two color schemes (in some cases, you can use more). This genre is divided into several types: easel, computer, magazine and newspaper, book, applied and industrial.
• Sculpture. The artist expresses his works from solid and plastic materials that have a three-dimensional form. The captured works in the materials are able to convey the life image of the objects of creation. This type is divided into several types: sculpture of small forms, monumental, easel, small plastic and monumental - decorative.

constructive art

The master expresses his creativity in reproduction of artistic buildings that organize the spatial and objective environment around us while not showing anything. It is divided into two genres:

• . It is based on the life, views and ideology of society and easily adapts to the change of style in different historical periods of life. This genre is divided into several types: urban planning, landscape and architecture of three-dimensional structures.
• Design. It is an aesthetic symbol of the modern world. By creating masterpieces, the designer consolidates the style of the era with his creativity. It is divided into several genres: exhibition, subject, landscape, interior design, clothing and books.

Decorative and applied art

Creative works of this art have practical use in everyday life . The basis of this art is various branches of creative activity aimed at creating artistic products with utilitarian and artistic functions. It is divided into several types:

• ceramics;
• forging;
• glass;
• tapestry;
• clay toy;
• sewing;
• application;
• quilted products;
• artistic processing of leather;
• weaving;
• stained glass and much more.

Temporary arts

The composer expresses his spiritual beauty and picture of the world with the help of sound tones and rhythms, meaningful and organized in an orderly manner. This is the spiritual language of the material world, reproduced with the help of musical instruments. (their basis is a resonator), unconsciously grasped by hearing. Types of music can be divided according to different criteria, for example, according to the nature of the performance, it is divided into such types as vocal, instrumental, chamber, solo, electronic, vocal-instrumental, choral and piano. By habitat - military, church, religious, dance and theatrical. But basically it is divided into two types:

• vocal;
• instrumental.

Most often, this type of art means only fiction, but not everything is so simple. In addition, this includes scientific, philosophical and other works that reflect the views of people. Here works are created with the help of words and writing. They reflect the totality of branches of knowledge of a particular science or specialty. Literature is divided into such types as educational, technical, scientific, artistic, reference, memoir and documentary prose. Created in several genres:

• folklore;
• prose;
• poetry.

Spatio-temporal arts

This is a combination of several art forms, such as literature, choreography, music, poetry, and so on. The theater has its own views and views on the reflection of reality and does this with the help of dramatic action. This is a collective art, expressing one's ideas with the help of actors, directors, screenwriters, directors, composers, costume designers and make-up artists. It consists of several types, such as drama, puppet, opera, ballet and pantomime.

A type of artistic creativity based on various technical methods for recording and reproducing an image in motion, accompanied by sound. There are several types of this art - feature films, documentaries and short films.

Expression of emotions and inner experiences with the help of body movements, built into a certain work, accompanied by music. People have the opportunity to express their feelings, themes, ideas through pantomime, scenery and costume. It has its own directions and styles: ballroom dance, historical, ritual, folk, acrobatic, variety and club dance.

fine arts

Painting

Monumental painting, presented in the form of mosaics and frescoes, also belongs to a very ancient art form.

Easel painting includes paintings of various genres, which are painted on canvas, paper using oil paint.

The genres of painting include:

• Portrait
• historical genre
• mythological genre
• Battle genre
• household genre
• Scenery
• Marina
• Still life
• Animal genre

1. Graphic arts and its types

   • Engraving- a pattern applied to a flat surface of a material, covered with paint for printing on paper. Engraving materials include: metal (steel, zinc, copper), wood, plastic, cardboard.
   • print- This is an impression from an engraving board, which is an easel work of artistic graphics. Prints include engraving, lithography, silk-screen printing, monotype.
   • Book graphics - included in the design of the book, is its decorative design, illustration.
   • ex libris- a sign that indicates the owner of the book. The sign is located on the inside of the binding or cover.
   • Poster- an image aimed at attracting everyone's attention, which is created for educational or promotional purposes.
   • Linocut- engraving on linoleum.
   • Woodcut- woodcut.
   • Etching- metal engraving.
   • Computer graphics- images compiled on a computer, dynamically or statically.

2. Sculpture

   Definition 2

   An art form that originated in antiquity. The found sculptures consisted of clay, wood, stone and depicted people and animals, quite similar to the originals.

   Sculpture is divided into round, which extends in space and relief, in the form of three-dimensional images on the plane. Both in painting and in sculpture there are easel and monumental forms.

   Monumental sculpture is intended for streets and squares and long-term use, therefore bronze, marble, granite are used for this type of sculpture.

   Easel sculpture includes portraits, small genre groups, which are performed in wood, plaster and other materials.

   Arts and Crafts

   The main goals of the creators of works of arts and crafts are $2$:

   • Creating a thing necessary for everyday life
   • Endowing things with certain artistic qualities

   Thus, objects and things related to everyday life should serve a person not only for practical purposes, but also decorate his life.

   To date, most of the works of decorative and applied art have mainly an aesthetic function, but this was far from always the case.

   The types of arts and crafts include:

   • Batik - hand-painted on fabric.
   • Embroidery
   • Macrame
   • Knitting
   • beading
   • Lace making
   • Tapestry
   • Ceramics
   • Mosaic
   • Art painting on wood, ceramics and metal
   • stained glass
   • Origami
   • Graffiti

Non-Visual Arts

1. Architecture

   Definition 3

   Architecture is the art of designing and building buildings. Architectural structures can be presented in the form of separate buildings, as well as in the form of architectural ensembles. Ensembles can also be formed historically.

   Architecture provides an opportunity to analyze the technical achievements and artistic styles of different eras. For example, the Egyptian pyramids, which make it possible to judge the style of that period, the temples of Ancient Greece, Rome, etc.

2. Literature

   In the broadest sense of the word, literature can be considered the totality of written texts.

   The types of literature include:

   • Art
   • Prose
   • Memoirs
   • Scientific and scientifically popular
   • Reference
   • Training
   • Technical

   Depending on certain criteria, literary works are classified as one or another genre:

   Criteria.

   • Form - short story, opus, ode, essay, story, short story, play, novel, epic, epic, essay.
   • Content - comedy, tragedy, farce, parody, sideshow, drama.
   • epic genus
   • lyric gender
   • dramatic gender

3. Music

   Music is an art form that uses sound and silence to embody artistic images, which are organized in time.

   Types of music:

   • classical
   • Popular
   • Non-European
   • ethnic
   • Variety
   • Vanguard
   • Alternative
   • instrumental
   • chamber
   • Sonata
   • Nocturne
   • Prelude

Remark 1

The arts also include:

• Cinema
• Theater
• Choreography

Autumn is a bright orange, mesmerizing with its beauty, time of the year. But, despite the abundance of colors, autumn is recognized as a sad period in the life of every living being. Activity drops, animals and birds warm their nests and burrows. And a person begins to take stock and think about life.

It is autumn that famous artists love to depict in their paintings, and musicians dedicate entire sonatas and compositions to the lyrical image of autumn sadness.

Famous pieces of music about autumn

Consider the most touching and memorable pieces of music:

• "Seasons". Concert No. 3 "Autumn" by Antonio Vivaldi;
• “Autumn Melody” by Alexei Rybnikov is an incredibly beautiful and tender melody, under which it is very comfortable to sit wrapped in a warm blanket and look out the window at the autumn rain;
• "Autumn" by the Russian Soviet pianist Georgy Sviridov, who knew how to feel the mood of autumn nature like no other, and therefore created such a melody that was remembered for more than one generation.

famous autumn pictures

Drawing autumn is one of the favorite activities of both great and emerging artists. It is in autumn that you can delve into your inner world, understand yourself and reflect on the canvas a beautiful landscape with a subtle sadness inherent in autumn.

• "Golden Autumn" by Isaac Levitan;
• "Autumn rains. Pushkin" by Viktor Popkov;
• "Autumn Bouquet" by Ilya Repin;
• "Autumn Song" by Viktor Borisov-Musatov.

It has been noted that in past centuries, artists preferred to paint autumn landscapes, which depicted forests, fields and gardens. But contemporary artists often paint an autumn city: park benches strewn with yellow leaves, lonely lampposts in the rain, couples walking under an umbrella.

In any case, any of these autumn pictures creates a corresponding pleasant-sad mood.

Autumn in literature

Poets and writers of all times and peoples are happy to write essays about autumn. It is in autumn that significant events often occur in the lives of heroes. The "autumn" works studied at the school include the following authors:

• Fedor Tyutchev "There is in the autumn of the original ...";
• Ivan Turgenev "Autumn";
• Alexander Blok "Autumn day is high and quiet ...";
• A.S. Pushkin "Autumn Morning".

Art and fantasy

1. Reality and fantasy in human life.
2. The implementation of creative imagination in works of art (on the example of M. Glinka's "Waltz-Fantasy").

Music material:

1. M. Glinka. "Waltz Fantasy". Fragment (hearing);
2. M. Glinka. Romance "I remember a wonderful moment" (at the request of the teacher).
3. G. Struve, lyrics by K. Ibryaev. "Schoolship" (singing);
4. A. Rybnikov, lyrics by I. Kokhanovsky. "Do you believe me?" (singing).

Characteristics of activities:

1. To identify the possibilities of the emotional impact of music on a person.
2. Recognize the intonational-figurative, genre foundations of music as an art form.
3. Explore the variety of genre incarnations of musical works.

In human life there are, as it were, two plans, two currents. One is external events. For example, we know what kind of house a person lives in, how he dresses, what habits he has, etc.

The other makes up the innermost thoughts, deep experiences, spiritual quests of a person. Often it is in it that the main content of human life is concentrated. After all, Exupery said: “Only the heart is vigilant. You can’t see the most important thing with your eyes.”

Of course, just looking at a person, it is difficult to know his inclinations, tastes, affections. However, his inner world often manifests itself outwardly: in a look, a smile, intonations of a voice.

We say: “this person is spiritually rich” when his words and deeds convince us of the existence of a special inner world that colors the external manifestations with sincerity and depth. In the same way, we note someone's emptiness and spiritual impoverishment when we see that a person lives exclusively by material, practical interests.

Musical works are to some extent similar to people. They can also have their own depth and character: sometimes complex, sometimes frivolous. Therefore, different people love different music: some listen to Mozart and Brahms, others are content with simple songs. After all, music is different.

Listen, for example, to the music of M. Glinka.

The "Waltz-Fantasy" masterfully combines the two principles expressed in the title of the work.

On the one hand, this is a waltz - a smooth, whirling dance with a three-beat rhythm. It is known that waltzes can be different - cheerful and solemn, sad and reverent.

On the other hand, in this work, Glinka embodies a gentle, flying rotation that takes our imagination into a wonderful world of fantasy.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka met a charming girl, a student of the Smolny Institute, Ekaterina Kern, the daughter of the legendary Anna Kern, to whom A. Pushkin's poem "I Remember a Wonderful Moment" is dedicated. Glinka was seriously carried away by her.

Hearing: M. Glinka. Romance "I remember a wonderful moment" (at the request of the teacher).

He dedicated a romance to Catherine, written in Pushkin's poems dedicated to her mother, and at the same time began to work on the piano "Waltz-Fantasy" - a kind of waltz poem, inspired by the image of Ekaterina Ermolaevna, as if drawing her in a ball setting.

Glinka's love was mutual, but the romance soon ended: both were not free, moreover, Ekaterina Ermolaevna soon left on the advice of doctors for the Caucasus. In 1842, Kern returned to St. Petersburg, but her meeting with Glinka no longer had the same significance for him. Soon, through a mutual friend, he returned her letters to her, and then went abroad without regrets.

The short period of the affair with E. Kern is characterized by the rise of Glinka's creative activity. "Waltz-Fantasy" is one of the pinnacles of this period, a real gem of Russian musical classics.

The music of the "Fantasy Waltz" reflected all the poetry of this feeling, which brought Glinka a lot of both joyful and bitter experiences.

In "Waltz Fantasy" Glinka refers to the genre of dance music, which was the most popular at that time. However, from a small piece for applied purposes, the composer makes a detailed symphonic poem, which has absorbed the richest range of human feelings. This work by Glinka was the seed from which Russian lyric-psychological symphonic music would grow in the future.

The first impression of acquaintance with the "Fantasy Waltz" is a feeling of amazing charm, sophistication and tenderness. The main theme of the waltz is imbued with a thoughtful and sad mood. Motifs alternate with it, conveying other shades of feeling - sometimes elegiacly sad, sometimes dramatically agitated, sometimes captivatingly elegant.

It's so wonderful not to sing
Don't pull the bow
Or underpaint with a brush, falling asleep,
Only a genius could know
And waltz into the clouds
Magic melodies soar...

N. Gubin

Hearing: M. Glinka. "Waltz Fantasy".

Art awakens fantasy, evokes images of distant lands, which, perhaps, a person is never destined to visit, tells about events and heroes that he will never meet, it gives an experience that he himself would never have acquired. Art gives birth to a dream, and a dream is always richer than reality. Poets of all times knew this, endowing fantasy with magical wings that carry a person into the realm of unseen miracles.

Reality and fantasy - these two worlds coexist constantly, giving birth not only to poets and musicians, but also people of other romantic professions - pilots, geologists, travelers.

One rainy day, in inhuman anguish,
Unable to endure the hardships, under the gnashing of anchors,
We board the ship - and a meeting takes place
The immensity of dreams with the limit of the seas.

These lines are from a poem by the French poet C. Baudelaire "Swimming".

Please note: “meeting the immensity of the dream with the limit of the seas” denotes such horizons of the human meta, in comparison with which even the seas - these eternal symbols of boundless space - seem to be limiting, narrow and cramped.

What is fantasy?

Why is it sometimes called the highest reality, the soul of all that exists?

This is probably due to the fact that without imagination it is impossible to create anything: from the simplest thing to a work of art.

Many poets, artists and composers - people living in the world of their fantasies - were surprised by the fact that they did not understand anything in everyday reality. At the same time, they shocked everyone with their knowledge of man, the innermost secrets of his soul.

“I am 85 percent a musician, I am only 15 percent human,” said Sergei Rachmaninoff, and in these words you can hear every conceivable obsession with art that a great artist is capable of.

After all, the life of every artist takes place in a complex interweaving of reality and creative imagination, an interweaving that gives birth to a completely new, special world of his works. And, surprisingly, these works teach us to understand living life more deeply.

Questions and tasks:

1. Remember the works of various types of art you know, where both reality and fantasy are combined at the same time.
2. Why in Ch. Baudelaire's poem "Swimming" does the poet compare "the immensity of a dream" with the "ultimacy of the seas" in favor of a dream?
3. Think about what "hardships", "anguish" and "bad weather" Baudelaire spoke of in his poem.
4. Why, in your opinion, M. Glinka embodied fantasy in the waltz genre? Maybe it would be better to use a different genre for this (for example, a march)?
5. In your opinion, does I. Brahms' Symphony No. 3 belong to the kind of music that awakens the imagination? What images does it evoke in you?

Presentation

Included:
1. Presentation, ppsx;
2. Sounds of music:
Glinka. Waltz fantasy, mp3;
Glinka. I remember a wonderful moment (in Spanish N. Kopylova), mp3;
3. Accompanying article, docx.

Can this or that work be considered a work of art? Many people ask this question, not only seeing, but also looking at the works of famous artists of the last century. Even well-known artists sometimes confuse works of art with interior items. We have selected five interesting books that explain what contemporary art is in an accessible way, and wrote out the most curious quotes from them about famous works of the 20th century.

Pablo Picasso

"Avignon girls", 1907

Material:canvas, oil

Direction:cubism

The painting "Avignon Girls" is the first cubist work of Picasso - he depicted Barcelona prostitutes not realistically, but "disassembled" their bodies and faces into many geometric shapes.

“The poet Guillaume Apollinaire said: ‘Picasso examines an object in the same way that a surgeon dissects a corpse. This is the essence of cubism: the artist chooses the subject of the image, analyzes and deconstructs it. Why did Picasso choose not to create the elegant and atmospheric figurative works that were so popular with collectors and critics? He was aware of the professional danger that Matisse represented to him. Because after the painting “The Happiness of Existence” presented in 1906, Matisse began to be considered the most interesting young artist of that time. Cezanne's 1907 exhibition inspired Picasso and he decided to further develop what the famous artist had begun. The painting "The Girls of Avignon" was based on the ideas of Cezanne and became the beginning of a new artistic direction."

- What are you looking at? The amazing, shocking and sometimes bizarre history of contemporary art over 150 years

Kazimir Malevich

"Black square",
1915

Materials:canvas, oil

Direction:Suprematism

One of the most discussed works of the 20th century is Malevich's Black Square, which was written in 1915. Despite the fact that the artist gave a theoretical justification for his painting in the manifesto "From Cubism and Futurism to Suprematism", many viewers still question its value, noting that one does not need to be an artist to draw a square.

“By transforming all visual elements into geometric shapes and using open colors, Malevich hoped to reach the pinnacle of expressiveness and free painting from any political and social meanings. The Suprematists did not depict the surrounding reality, and tried to avoid any symbols and narratives, and used elements of a simple form - this is how they created a new creative reality.

- 50 art ideas you need to know about

Marcel Duchamp

"Fountain", 1917

Material:urinal

Direction:conceptualism,
Dadaism, Surrealism

Another most important work of the 20th century is the “Fountain” by Marcel Duchamp, who was the first to have the idea to turn a household object into a work of art - this is how the concept of readymade appeared.

“He was sure that he had invented a new kind of sculpture: now the artist could choose any object that is mass-produced and has a known aesthetic value, and, freeing it from a functional purpose (in other words, making it useless), giving it a name and placing it in a new context, turn it into a work of art.

- WHAT ARE YOU LOOKING FOR? THE AMAZING, SHOCKING AND SOMETIMES STRANGE HISTORY OF MODERN ART OVER 150 YEARS

Barnett Newman

Onement I, 1948

Materials:canvas, oil

Direction:abstract expressionism

The first abstract work with a vertical stripe was made by the Russian artist Olga Rozanova - in 1918 her "Green Stripe" was created. However, it was unknown to most Western experts, so such works glorified the American abstract artist Barnett Newman. He, like Rozanova, went further than Malevich and created a work that has no boundaries - the picture, as it were, is a fragment of a large work that has no background and depicted object.

“Newman shared the interest of other Abstract Expressionists in ancient myths and primitive art. The dividing line in the picture, which was later called "lightning", became the artist's "calling card". Despite the modest size of the painting "Onement I" (69x41 cm.), Newman considered it his creative achievement, as he invented a new method that surprised the viewer and touched him emotionally, because the artist managed to overcome the limitations within the picture.

Richard Hamilton

“So what makes our homes today so different, so attractive?”, 1956

Materials:magazine clippings

Direction:pop Art

It is considered the first painting that is classified as pop art. She was featured in the famous exhibition This Is Tomorrow at London's Whitechapel Gallery in 1956. In addition to Hamilton, young artists took part in it, whose works are classified as op art (optical art) and pop art.

Dan Flavin

"Monument for V. Tatlin", 1964

Materials:fluorescent lamps
on metal bases

Direction:minimalism

Dan Flavin dedicated his work to the unrealized "Monument of the Third International". As Susie Hodge writes, this is an ironic work, which, on the one hand, is made of ordinary elements (unlike Tatlin's unique designs for "Monument"), and on the other hand, is temporary (the lamps burn out), which contradicts the nature of monumental architecture.

“Children could attach fluorescent lights to the wall, but they wouldn’t ask viewers to rethink [in this way] several things at once: the functionality of the objects, the philosophical ideas that first appeared in Russia in 1915, and the gallery space itself.”

Why couldn't your five year old do this?

Jeff Koons

"Rabbit", 1987

Materials:stainless steel

Direction: neo-pop

One of the most expensive contemporary artists, known for his predilection for kitsch, in many ways continues the line of Warhol. His works are created by the hands of 135 employees, and the "Factory" of the artist is a whole corporation Jeff Koons LLC.

“Rabbit” Koons is so cold that it seems not created by man. This is not just an ideal industrial product, but above all an image of an embodied desire. The artist prefers to call his object a chameleon: the reflective material makes the "Rabbit" a kind of postmodern Brancusi, he constantly changes his skin and regenerates. He lets the space with the audience inside him.” - Defining contemporary art. 25 years in 200 basic products

Mike Kelly

"More hours of love,
what can be compensated
and retribution for sins”, 1987

Materials:stuffed factory toys on canvas, dried corn, wax candles on wood and metal base

Direction:conceptualism

Contemporary artist Mike Kelly has used a variety of techniques to communicate his ideas: making videos, creating performances and installations. Kelly often used the image of childhood in his work. The artist began to make works from used toys and knitted scarves in the late 1980s.

“Kelly's first work, in which he used stuffed toys, is significant for a number of reasons, but the main one is how many associations and emotions the viewer has. Dolls that were bitten and torn by babies replace the image of a child. What children do to their inanimate friends is violence without malicious intent."

- Defining contemporary art.
25 years in 200 basic products

Tracey Emin

"My bed", 1998

Materials:mattress, bed linen, various objects

Direction:Young British Artists (Young British Artists)

With her works, Tracey Emin literally twists the soul in front of the viewer. Her most famous work, My Bed, is a document of the artist's long depression. Bottles of vodka, cigarette packs, photographs and a soft toy: everything remained intact, exactly as it was in the saddest days of Emin.

“Many children leave their beds unmade and throw things around the room, but if you look closely at this installation by Tracey Emin, it becomes clear that the bed belongs to an adult. When this work was first shown, tapes, appliqués, videos and photographs were hung on the walls around the work, all of which showed that the author was experiencing personal trauma as well as fears and helplessness."