The images of people's intercessors in Nekrasov's poem who live well in Rus' Fr. Images of people's intercessors in Nekrasov's poem who live well in Rus'

Works on Literature: "People's Defenders" in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Who Lives Well in Rus'" The theme of the "people's protector" runs through all the work of N. A. Nekrasov, it also sounds in the poem "Who should live well in Rus'." Many writers and poets tried to answer the question "What to do?". I was looking for an answer to it and Nekrasov in his work. What to strive for in life? What is the real happiness of a person in Russia? What needs to be done to make everyone happy? he asked himself. The poet believed that in order to resolve these issues, people are needed who are able to join the struggle and lead others.

He showed such characters in the images of Yakim Nagogoy, Ermila Girin, Savely Korchagin, Grisha Dobrosklonov. In Yakima Nagoi, a peculiar character of the people's truth-seeker is presented. He lives a beggarly life, like all the peasantry, but is distinguished by a rebellious disposition. Yakim is ready to stand up for his rights. This is how he says about the people: Every peasant has a Soul that is a black cloud, Anger, formidable - and Thunders should thunder from there, Bloody rains to pour. Ermila Girin is a peasant whom the people themselves chose as a steward, recognizing his justice. Even as a clerk, Yermila won authority among the people for the fact that ... he will advise And inquire; Where there is enough strength - he will help out, He will not ask for gratitude, And if you give, he will not take it!

But Yermila was also guilty: he shielded his younger brother from recruitment, but the people forgave him for his sincere repentance. Only Ermila's conscience did not calm down: he left the steward, hired a mill. And again the people fell in love with him for his good treatment, for his even attitude towards the landowner and the poor, for his kindness. The "gray-haired priest" characterizes Yermila in this way: He had everything that was needed For happiness and tranquility, And money and honor, An enviable, true honor, Not bought either by money, Nor by fear: strict truth. Mind and kindness.

It can be seen from the priest's statement that Girin achieved honor with "strict truth", "intelligence and kindness". He is worried about the attitude of the people towards him, but Yermila himself judges himself even more strictly. He seeks to alleviate the situation of the peasants, to help them financially, although he himself was not yet ready for a revolutionary action. Kirin is already satisfied that his conscience is clear, that he makes life a little easier for others.

Savely the Bogatyr represents another type of Russian peasant. He is the embodiment of strength and courage. Despite the rods and hard labor, he did not resign himself to his fate. "Branded, but not a slave" - ​​he says about himself. Savely embodies the best features of the Russian character: love for the motherland and people, hatred for the oppressors, self-esteem. His favorite word - "nadday" - helps to see in him a person who knows how to cheer up his comrades, rally, captivate. Saveliy is one of those who stood up well for "the patrimony." Together with the peasants, he executes the hated manager, the German Vogel.

People like Savely will not stand aside at the moment of peasant unrest. The most conscious of the "people's defenders" is Grisha Dobrosklonov. He devotes his whole life to the struggle, lives among the people, knows their needs, has an education. The future of Russia, the poet believes, belongs to such people as Grisha Dobrosklonov, for whom "fate prepared a glorious path, a loud name of the people's intercessor, consumption and Siberia." Grisha Dobrosklonov's songs reflect his thoughts about life ideals, his hopes for a bright future: The share of the people, their happiness, Light and freedom First of all. In a moment of despondency, O Motherland! I am thinking ahead. You are still destined to suffer a lot, But you will not die, I know. In slavery, the saved Heart is free - Gold, gold The heart of the people!

The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov helps to understand that the truly happy one is on whose side the truth is, on whom the people hope, who chooses an honest path for himself, being a "people's defender".

The poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'” already in its title contains a question, the answer to which worried any enlightened person at the time of Nekrasov. And although the heroes of the work do not find someone who lives well, the author nevertheless makes it clear to the reader who he considers happy. The answer to this question is hidden in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, a hero who appears in the last part of the poem, but is far from the last in ideological terms.

For the first time, readers get to know Grisha in the chapter “Good Time - Good Songs”, during a feast, due to which the image of Grisha in “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is initially associated with the concept of people's happiness. His father, the parish clerk, enjoys the love of the people - it is not without reason that he is invited to a peasant holiday. In turn, the clerk and sons are characterized as "simple guys, kind", along with the peasants, they mow and "drink vodka on holidays." So from the very beginning of creating the image, Nekrasov makes it clear that Grisha shares his whole life with the people.

Then the life of Grisha Dobrosklonov is described in more detail. Despite his origins from the clergy, Grisha was familiar with poverty from childhood. His father, Tryphon, lived "poorer than the seedy last peasant."

Even a cat and a dog chose to run away from the family, unable to withstand hunger. All this is due to the fact that the sexton has a “light disposition”: he is always hungry and always looking for somewhere to drink. At the beginning of the chapter, the sons lead him, drunk, home. He boasts of his children, but he forgot to think about whether they are full.

It is no easier for Grisha in the seminary, where the already meager food is taken away by the "grabber economy." That is why Grisha has a “thin” face - sometimes he cannot fall asleep from hunger until the morning, everything is waiting for breakfast. Nekrasov several times focuses the reader's attention on this particular feature of Grisha's appearance - he is thin and pale, although in another life he could be a fine fellow: he has a wide bone and red hair. This appearance of the hero partly symbolizes all of Rus', which has the prerequisites for a free and happy life, but so far lives in a completely different way.

Grisha from childhood is familiar with the main problems of the peasantry: overwork, hunger and drunkenness. But all this does not embitter, but rather hardens the hero. From the age of fifteen, a firm conviction matures in him: you need to live exclusively for the good of your people, no matter how poor and wretched they are. In this decision, he is strengthened by the memory of his mother, caring and hardworking Domnushka, who lived a short century because of her labors ...

The image of Grisha's mother is the image of a Russian peasant woman beloved by Nekrasov, meek, unrequited, and at the same time carrying a huge gift of love. Grisha, her "beloved son", did not forget his mother after her death, moreover, her image merged for him with the image of the entire Vakhlachin. The last maternal gift - the song "Salty", testifying to the depth of maternal love - will accompany Grisha all his life. He sings it in the seminary, where "gloomy, strict, hungry."

And longing for his mother leads him to a selfless decision to devote his life to others who are equally disadvantaged.

Note that the songs are very important for the characterization of Grisha in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'". They briefly and accurately reveal the essence of the ideas and aspirations of the hero, his main life priorities are clearly visible.

The first of the songs that sound from the lips of Grisha conveys his attitude towards Rus'. It can be seen that he perfectly understands all the problems that torn the country apart: slavery, ignorance and the disgrace of the peasants - Grisha sees all this without embellishment. He easily selects words that can terrify any, the most insensitive listener, and this shows his pain for his native country. And at the same time, the song contains hope for future happiness, the belief that the desired will is already approaching: “But you will not die, I know!” ...

Grisha's next song, about a barge hauler, reinforces the impression of the first, depicting in detail the fate of an honest worker who spends "honestly earned pennies" in a tavern. From private destinies, the hero moves to the image of "all mysterious Rus'" - this is how the song "Rus" is born. This is the anthem of his country, full of sincere love, in which faith in the future is heard: "The army rises - innumerable." However, someone is needed who would become the head of this army, and this fate is destined for Dobrosklonov.

There are two ways, - Grisha thinks, - one of them is wide, thorny, but a crowd greedy for temptations goes along it. There is an eternal struggle for "mortal blessings". It is on it, unfortunately, that the wanderers, the main characters of the poem, are sent at the beginning. They see happiness in purely practical things: wealth, honor and power. Therefore, it is not surprising that they fail to meet Grisha, who has chosen a different path for himself, "close, but honest." Only strong and loving souls who want to intercede for the offended go along this path. Among them is the future people's protector Grisha Dobrosklonov, for whom fate is preparing "a glorious path, ... consumption and Siberia." This road is not easy and does not bring personal happiness, and yet, according to Nekrasov, only in this way - in unity with all the people - can one become truly happy. The “great truth” expressed in Grisha Dobrosklonov’s song gives him such joy that he runs home, “jumping” with happiness and feeling “immense strength” in himself. At home, his enthusiasm is confirmed and shared by his brother, who spoke of Grisha's song as "divine" - i.e. finally acknowledging that he had the truth on his side.

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The poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" was created in the mid-70s, during a new democratic upsurge, when Russia was on the verge of a revolution. The Narodniks, who preached revolutionary ideas, pinned all their hopes on the peasantry. With the aim of revolutionary propaganda, a mass movement of the intelligentsia into the people began. However, "going to the people" was not successful. The peasant masses remained indifferent to the revolutionary preaching of the Narodniks. The question of how to instill revolutionary consciousness among the masses, direct them to the path of active struggle, is especially acute in the current situation. In the populist environment at that time there were disputes about the forms and methods of propaganda in the countryside. In the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author is also included in this dispute. Nekrasov did not doubt the need for a lively connection between the intelligentsia and the people and the effectiveness of revolutionary propaganda among the peasants even when "going to the people" failed. Such a fighter-agitator who goes along with the people, influencing the consciousness of the peasantry, is Grisha Dobrosklonov. He is the son of a deacon who lived "poorer than the last poor peasant", and "an unrequited laborer", who salted her bread with tears. Hungry childhood and harsh youth brought him closer to the people, determined the life path of Gregory.

... about fifteen

Gregory already knew for sure

What will live for happiness

Wretched and dark

native corner.

In many of his character traits, Grisha resembles Dobrolyubov. Like Dobrolyubov, Dobrosklonov is a fighter for peasant interests, for all the "offended" and "humiliated". He wants to be the first there, "... where it is difficult to breathe, where grief is heard." He does not need wealth and is alien to concerns about personal well-being. The Nekrasov revolutionary is preparing to give his life for “so that ... every peasant lives freely and cheerfully in all of holy Rus'!”.

Gregory is not alone. Hundreds of people like him have already come out on the “honest” paths. Like all revolutionaries

Fate prepared for him

The path is glorious, the name is loud

people's protector,

Consumption and Siberia.

But Gregory is not afraid of the upcoming trials, because he believes in the triumph of the cause to which he devoted his whole life. He sees that the people of many millions themselves are awakening to struggle.

The army rises

innumerable,

The strength will affect her

Invincible!

This thought fills his soul with joy and confidence in victory. The poem shows what a strong effect the words of Gregory have on the Vakhlak peasants and on the seven wanderers, what they infect with faith in the future, in happiness for all of Rus'.

Grigory Dobrosklonov - the future leader of the peasantry, the spokesman for his anger and reason. His path is hard, but also glorious, “only strong, loving souls” enter it, true happiness awaits a person, because the greatest happiness, according to Nekrasov, is in the struggle for the freedom of the oppressed. To the main question: “Who is it good to live in Rus'?” - Nekrasov answers: fighters for the happiness of the people. This is the meaning of the poem.

Would our wanderers be under their native roof,

If only they could know what happened to Grisha.

He heard immense strength in his chest,

Gracious sounds delighted his ears,

Sounds of the radiant hymn of the noble -

He sang the embodiment of the happiness of the people.

The poet connects the fate of the people with the successful connection of the peasantry and the intelligentsia, offering his own solution to the question of how to establish contact and mutual understanding, how to eliminate the gap between them. Only the joint efforts of the revolutionaries and the people can lead the peasantry onto the broad road of freedom and happiness. In the meantime, the Russian people are only on their way to a "feast for the whole world."

Nekrasov, in the work “To whom it is good to live in Rus',” tried to state everything that he knows about the people. Of course, the writer could not help but turn to the topic of people's intercessors. Let's try to identify what the defenders of the people appear in the poem by analyzing the image of Saveliy, the Holy Russian hero.

Travelers learn about Savelia from the story of the "happy" Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina. Savely is the father of her father-in-law. He lived a long life and, as Matryona said, "he was also lucky."

In his youth, Savely, along with other peasants, endured the cruel bullying of the landowner, who "ruined the people to the bone." But the man was freedom-loving, so he revolted against the German manager: “And it bends, but it doesn’t break, / It doesn’t break, it doesn’t fall ../ Isn’t it a hero? / But soon the peasant's patience came to an end. The men buried the German alive in a hole which he ordered them to dig. For this crime, Savely and his accomplices were exiled to hard labor. But even twenty years of “strict penal servitude” did not break Savely, “branded, but not a slave,” he said. Already at home, another misfortune occurs: Savely overlooked his great-grandson Demushka, and the pigs ate the boy. The old man goes to the monastery. Nekrasov displays in Savelia the hidden potential of the Russian people. High moral qualities, love of freedom and pride show that the peasants are capable of revolution. But people have so far decided only on minor riots, and then after many years of patience.

Nekrasov emphasizes in his works that the people themselves are often to blame for all the troubles, because they have come to terms with the current situation and do not raise uprisings. In the poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'”, the image of Savely is the embodiment of hidden power, unrealized people's potential.

Updated: 2017-04-14

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Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a Russian poet whose main theme of creativity will be the theme of the people. Already in the "Elegy" N.A. Nekrasov will say: "I dedicated the lyre to my people." However, the poet has a different approach to the theme of the people, he expresses the ideals of democracy in his work. Yes, Nekrasov sympathizes with the oppressed people, but does not idealize him, and even accuses him of humility. The poet is trying to find the people's way to happiness. This becomes the main problem in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, where the hero is the entire numerous “peasant kingdom”, which Russian literature did not know before.

However, in the poem the folk theme develops and rises to the theme of the search for a "people's protector". It is the heroes who are able to lead others that are needed in order to find happiness for everyone. Such characters N.A. Nekrasov painted in the images of Yakim Nagogoy, Yermila Girin, Savely Korchagin and, of course, Grisha Dobrosklonov.

Yakim Nagoi is a people's truth lover, he is a beggar, like all peasants, but there is disobedience in him, unwillingness to put up with injustice. This hero is able to defend his rights.

Another image is Ermila Girin. He is a favorite of the people, who speak of him like this:

... he will advise
And he will provide information;
Where there is enough strength - will help out,
Don't ask for gratitude
And if you give it, you won't take it!

Ermila Girin is not sinless: he fraudulently frees his younger brother from military service, from soldiering, but the people forgive him, because they see true repentance. The hero has a heightened sense of conscience, he cannot find peace and judges himself very strictly: he leaves the steward, hires a mill, seeks to make the position of the peasants easier. But, despite compassion, mercy for the people, he is not ready for a revolutionary action, it is enough for a hero that he is not to blame for anyone.

ON THE. Nekrasov in the poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" shows us another type of Russian peasant, "the people's defender." This is the image of Saveliy - the “hero of the Holy Russian”. It's already in effect. Despite the fact that he was sent to hard labor, he did not resign himself to his fate: "branded, but not a slave." This hero is the conductor and bearer of such best character traits of the Russian people as justice, self-esteem, love for the motherland and people, hatred for their oppressors. Savely is a man who knows how, if necessary, to rally his comrades, to captivate them with an idea. People like him will certainly take part, if necessary, in peasant revolts and unrest.

A person who knows his needs is ready to devote his whole life to the struggle, to the people. This is Grisha Dobrosklonov - the most conscious "people's defender". It is for such as Dobrosklonov, according to N.A. Nekrasov, the future of Russia. No wonder the hero "fate prepared" a glorious path, a loud name of the people's intercessor, consumption and Siberia. The poet expressed the life goals and ideals of this hero in the songs that Grisha sings. They are truly revolutionary, they already sound the idea of ​​liberating the people from slavery. The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is an example of the fact that only one who chooses the path of honor and truth can truly be happy.

Thus, in the poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'” N.A. Nekrasov shows that the answer to the question of how to find happiness can be given by people who have the strength in themselves to lead the masses. Yakim Nagoi, Ermila Girin, Savely are characters who see the injustice towards the peasant, all the pain of the peasant, but are not ready to go against fate, while Grisha Dobrosklonov is a new type of Russian person, in my opinion, the embodiment of the author's ideal. Such a hero is capable of "sowing the reasonable, the good, the eternal." He is the real "people's protector"!