What is the word Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language meaning of words starting with the letter a

Once Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov (1900 - 1964) came with colleagues to Leningrad. At the station, he asked a taxi driver to take them to the Academy. It meant, of course, the Leningrad branch of the Academy of Sciences. The taxi stopped in front of… the spiritual academy. The driver obviously thought: where else can such a handsome man with a gray beard and old-fashioned manners go? Nothing but a priest.
Sergei Ozhegov really had priests in his family: his mother was the great-niece of Archpriest Gerasim Petrovich Pavsky, the author of the book Philological Observations on the Composition of the Russian Language. And he himself had a deep respect for Orthodoxy. In his famous Dictionary Russian language” Ozhegov included many words that describe the phenomena of church culture, for which many colleagues took up arms against him.

However, Ozhegov generally had to listen to a lot of criticism. After all, he happened to compile the first popular one-volume explanatory dictionary in Russia - a real “ business card» Russian vocabulary. And opinions about what words should be included there varied greatly.

In an obituary to Ozhegov, Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky wrote: “Experiencing the strongest pressure both from the defenders of stamped, clogged speech, and from the stubborn retrograde purists, Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov did not yield to anyone. And this is quite natural, because the main feature of his charming personality is wise poise, calm, bright faith in science and in the Russian people, who will sweep aside everything false, superficial, ugly from their language.

Sergei Ozhegov worked hard to ensure that people pronounce words correctly: he edited the reference books Russian Literary Pronunciation and Stress (1955), Correctness of Russian Speech (1962), and advised radio announcers. Meanwhile, his own surname was often mispronounced ("Burn"), thinking that it comes from the word "burn". In fact, it is formed from the word “burn” (with an emphasis on the first syllable) - this is how the Urals called a stick that was dipped into molten metal to find out if it could be poured.

1. "Dictionary corpses"

The scientist Fedot Filin, when Ozhegov was preparing his dictionary for publication in 1950, wrote him a critical letter, in which he met this vivid and not at all scientific expression: "dictionary corpses."

2. "Depraved meaning"

Ozhegov participated in the compilation of the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" edited by D.N. Ushakov: he is the author of a third of the entries in this dictionary. The dictionary was being prepared in the second half of the 1930s, and, of course, it went through censorship, which found fault with the word "lover", supposedly having a "perverse meaning". This nit-picking may seem especially comical to someone who knows the history of the Russian language and is familiar with poetry of the 19th century, where this word means simply loving girl and means nothing more. But in any case, during the time of Ozhegov, the word had already acquired a modern meaning, and the captious censor insisted that there was no such phenomenon - and the word - in the Soviet Union. References to literature did not convince the inspector. Then Ozhegov showed humor and cunning: he knew that, coming from Leningrad to Moscow, the censor stops at one woman. "Who is this lady to you?" Sergei Ivanovich asked him. Here the censor had to make concessions, leaving the insidious word in the dictionary.

3. Dictionary under the bombs

Ozhegov worked on his "Dictionary of the Russian Language", as well as on the "Dictionary for the plays of A.N. Ostrovsky" during the Second World War. After the first bombings of Moscow in 1941, he sent his family to Tashkent and joined the militia himself. But it turned out that he, as a prominent scientist, was "booked" - and he could not get to the front. Then Sergei Ivanovich became director of the Institute of Language and Writing of the USSR Academy of Sciences and remained in this post until the return of the former leadership from the evacuation. His faith that the Germans would not be able to take Moscow was unshakable. So he spent the war: in Moscow, at his old table, in the light of a kerosene lamp, under the roar of bombing, working on compiling dictionaries. Let us add that the "Dictionary for the plays of A. N. Ostrovsky" was later banned and its entire set was scattered. A reprint edition of the surviving prints appeared only in 1993 - almost 30 years after the death of the author.

4. Yezhov and intelligence

The word "intelligence" is also not neutral for the Soviet era. Therefore, the author of the dictionary had to make a compromise: the dictionary, one of the principles of which was brevity and conciseness, contained a huge quote that in capitalist countries the state security organs are hated by the working masses, and in the USSR, on the contrary, they are respected and loved by the people. The quote was taken from the speech of N.I. Yezhov - People's Commissar of Internal Affairs. However, at the last moment, Ozhegov suddenly removed his last name, that is, he actually violated the copyright of the people's commissar. After that, he received a call to the Lubyanka. And there ... they suddenly began to find out from the scientist how he knew that People's Commissar Yezhov was removed at the same time - after all, they had not even had time to report this in the newspapers!

5. Leninist is not lazy

In Ozhegov's dictionary there are no words-names of city dwellers. You won't find the word "Minsk citizen", "Permyak" or "Irkutsk citizen" there, but the word "Leningrader" is there - at least in the second edition of the 1952 dictionary. This word is also a product of special logic Soviet censorship, who did not like the fact that the words "lazy" and "Leninist" turned out to be neighbors. Of course, the matter did not come to changing the alphabet, so it was decided to separate the incompatible neighbors with the word "Leningrader". Still, because some Leningraders are truly lazy!

6. Enlightened prisoner

They say that Ozhegov's dictionary saved at least one person - or rather, helped him get out of prison. The young man was imprisoned for rape, and his term under this article was the maximum. IN free time he took from the prison library the fourth edition of the dictionary (1960), which had just arrived there, and looked up the meaning of the word "rape". The prisoner then sent a letter to the prison authorities. The letter explained that in his case no violence was committed: everything happened by mutual agreement, and the girl simply took revenge on him for refusing to marry her. Surprisingly, the young man achieved a review of the case and was released.

On the initiative of Ozhegov, in 1958, the Russian Language Reference Service was created at the Institute of the Russian Language - a free consultation on issues related to the correctness of Russian speech.

During the life of Ozhegov, 6 editions of his dictionary were published: the second and fourth editions were revised, the rest were stereotyped. In March 1964, already seriously ill, he wrote an official appeal to the Soviet Encyclopedia publishing house stating that he found it inappropriate to publish the dictionary in a stereotypical way. We need to prepare a new edition: include new vocabulary, revise the definitions of some words, etc. The plans were not destined to come true: on December 15, 1964, Ozhegov died due to a medical error.

Since 1972, the dictionary began to be published under the editorship of the student S.I. Ozhegova Natalia Yulievna Shvedova. From edition to edition, the vocabulary increased and reached 80 thousand words. Since 1992, both names have appeared on the cover. Both Ozhegov's heirs, to whom the publishing house did not pay them a fee (they have the right to do so until 2014), and some linguists were outraged - due to the fact that the dictionary violated the principle of brevity and compactness formulated by Ozhegov, included archaisms and even explicitly profanity. For example, it has one very popular word with the letter "g", which rhymes with the word "for a long time", a word with the letter "g", which rhymes with the word "Europe". In 2003, the "canonical" fourth edition of the 1960 dictionary (with minor updates) was published under the editorship of L. I. Skvortsov.

S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language

Ah, union. 1. Connects sentences or members of a sentence, expressing opposition, comparison. He went and I stayed. Write with a pen, not a pencil. Handsome, not smart. 2. Attaches sentences or members of a sentence with the meaning of adding something. with a consistent presentation, with the meaning of explanation, objection, amplification, transition to another thought. There is a house on the mountain, and a stream under the mountain. It would be a swamp, but there are devils (last). What you. are you doing today? and tomorrow? It's not his fault. - And who is to blame, if not him? 3. Use. at the beginning of interrogative and exclamatory sentences, as well as at the beginning of speech to enhance expressiveness, persuasiveness (often in combination with pronouns, adverbs, other unions). And how we will have fun! And yet I do not agree. * And also (and), union - expresses attachment, amplifying or comparative addition. Skillful driver, as well as a locksmith. Acts in films as well as on television. And then - 1) union, otherwise, otherwise. Hurry, or you'll be late; 2) in reality, but in reality. If it were so, otherwise the opposite is true; And then! (but how!) (simple) - expresses in response: 1) confident agreement, confirmation. Frozen? - And then! Frost in the yard; 2) ironic disagreement, denial: Will he go? -And then! Wait! And not that, the union is the same as that (in 1 value). And even, the union - attaches a message about something. unwanted or unexpected. Screaming, and then beat.

A2, particle (colloquial). 1. Indicates a question or response to someone. words. Let's go for a walk, shall we? Why don't you answer? - A? What's happened? 2. Strengthens circulation. Vanya, Vanya! 3. [pronounced with varying degrees duration]. Expresses clarification, satisfied understanding. Ah, so it was you! Why didn't you call? - The phone didn't work! - Ah! Ah, so wat what's the matter!

A3 [pronounced with varying degrees of duration], int. Expresses annoyance, bitterness, as well as surprise, gloating and other similar feelings. What have I done? - Ah! Ah, got it!

Ah... an attachment. Forms nouns and adjectives with meaning. absence (in words with a foreign root), the same as "not", for example. asymmetry, illogical, immoral, arrhythmic, asynchronous.

Lampshade, -a, m. A cap for a lamp, a lamp. Green a. 11 app. lampshade, th, th.

ABAZINSKY, th, th. 1. see Abaza. 2. Relating to the Abaza, to their language, national character, way of life, culture, as well as to the territory of their residence, its internal structure, history; such as the Abaza. A. language (Abkhaz-Adyghe group of Caucasian languages). In Abaza (adv.).

ABAZINS, -in, units. -inets, -ntsa, m. The people living in Karachay-Cherkessia and in Adygea. II well. abaza, -i. II adj, Abaza, -th, -th.

ABBAT, -a, m. 1. Rector of a male Catholic monastery. 2. Catholic clergyman. II adj. abbey, th, th.

ABBATIS, -y, f. Mother Superior of a female Catholic monastery.

ABBEY, -a, cf. Catholic monastery.

ABBREVIATION, -s, f. In word formation: a noun formed from truncated segments of words (for example, executive committee, Komsomol), from the same segments in combination with a whole word (for example, maternity hospital, spare parts), as well as from the initial sounds of words or the names of their initial letters (for example ., university, automatic telephone exchange, Moscow Art Theater, computer, hard currency), a compound word. II adj. abbreviation, -th, -th.

ABERRATION, -i, g. (specialist.). Deviation from something, as well as distortion of something. A. light rays. A. optical systems (image distortion). A. ideas (trans.). II adj. aberrational, th, th.

PARAGRAPH, -a, m. 1. Red line, indent at the beginning of the line. Start writing with a paragraph. 2. Text between two such indents. Read the first a.

ABYSSINIAN, th, th. 1. see Abyssinians. 2. Relating to the Abyssinians, to their language, national character, way of life, culture, as well as to Abyssinia (the former name of Ethiopia), its territory, internal structure, history; such as the Abyssinians in Abyssinia. Abyssinian (adv.).

ABISSINIANS, -ev, vd. -net, -ntsa, m. The former name of the population of Ethiopia (Abyssinia), Ethiopians. II well. Abyssinian, -i. II adj. Abyssinian, th, th.

APPLICANT, -a, m. 1. Graduate high school(outdated). 2. A person entering a higher or special educational institution. II well. entrant, and II adj. entrant, th, th.

SUBSCRIPTION, -a, m. A document granting the right to use something, something. service, as well as the right itself. A. to the theatre. A. for a series of lectures. Interlibrary a. II adj. subscription, th, th.

SUBSCRIBER, -a, m. A person using a subscription, having the right to use something. by subscription. A. libraries. A. telephone network (person or institution that has a telephone). II well. subscriber, -i (colloquial). II adj. subscriber, -th, -th.

SUBSCRIBE, -ruyu, -ruesh; -any; owls. and nesov., that. Get (-chat) by subscription, become (be) a subscriber of something. A. I lie down in the theater.

BOARDING, -a, m. In the era of the rowing and sailing fleet: an attack on an enemy ship during close approach to it for hand-to-hand combat. Take on a. (also trans.). II adj. boarding, th, th.

ABORIGEN, -a, m. (book). Indigenous inhabitant of the country, locality. II well. aborigine, -i (colloquial).

NATIVE, th, th. Relating to the natives, to their life, to the places of their original habitat; like the aborigines.

ABORTION, -a, m. Premature termination of pregnancy, spontaneous or artificial, miscarriage.

ABORTIVE, -th, -th (spec.). 1. Suspending or dramatically changing the development, course of the disease. A. method. Abortive remedies. 2. Underdeveloped. Abortive organs of plants. II n. abortion, and (to 2 values).

ABRASIVE, -a, m. (special). Solid fine-grained or powdery substance (flint, emery, corundum, carborundum, pumice, garnet) used for grinding, polishing, sharpening. II adj. abrasive, th, th. abrasive materials. A. tool (grinding, polishing).

ABRACADABRA, -s, f. A meaningless, incomprehensible set of words [originally: a mysterious Persian word that served as a saving magic spell].

ABREK, -a, m. During the annexation of the Caucasus to Russia: a mountaineer who participated in the struggle against the tsarist troops and administration.

APRICOT, -a, genus pl. -ov, m. Southern fruit tree rosaceous, giving juicy sweet fruits with a large stone, as well as its fruit. II adj. apricot, th, th apricot, oh, th.

APRICOT, th, th. 1. see apricot. 2. Yellow-red, the color of a ripe apricot.

ABRIS, -a, m. (book). The outline of the object, the contour. II adj. outline, th, th.

ABSENTHEISM [sente], -a, m. (book). Evasion of voters from participating in elections to state bodies. II adj. ab-senteist, th, th.

ABSOLUTE, -a, m. (book). 1. In philosophy: the eternal, unchanging fundamental principle of everything that exists (spirit, idea, deity). 2. Something self-sufficient, independent of any. conditions and relationships. Raise something. in a.

ABSOLUTISM, -a, m. The form of government, under which the supreme power entirely belongs to the autocratic monarch, an unlimited monarchy. adj. absolutist, th, th.

ABSOLUTE, -th, -th; -ten, -tna. 1. full f. Unconditional, independent of anything, taken beyond comparison with something. The absolute value of a real number (in mathematics: the number itself, taken without a + or - sign). A. zero (temperature at -273.15 ° C). A. champion (athlete - winner in the all-around, in some other types of competitions). 2. Perfect, complete. A. peace. He is absolutely (adv.) right. Absolute majority (overwhelming majority). Absolute monarchy (autocracy). A. hearing (hearing, accurately determining the height of any tone). II n. absoluteness, -i, f. (to 2 values).

ABSTRACT, -ruyu, -ruesh; -a-ny; owls. and nonsov., that (book). Produce (-lead) an abstraction (in 1 meaning) of something.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language
The meaning of words starting with the letter A

A 1 , union.
1. Connects sentences or members of a sentence with the meaning of opposition, comparison. He went and I stayed. Write with a pen, not a pencil. Though handsome, but not smart.
2. Attaches sentences or members of a sentence with the meaning of adding something. with a consistent presentation, with the meaning of explanation, objection, amplification, transition to another thought. On the mountains e house, and under the mountain stream. It would be a swamp, but there are devils(last). What are you doing today? And tomorrow? It's not his fault. - And who is to blame, if not him?
3. Use. at the beginning of interrogative and exclamatory sentences, as well as at the beginning of speech to enhance expressiveness, persuasiveness (often in combination with pronouns, adverbs, other unions). And how we will have fun! And yet I do not agree.
◊ And also (and), union- expresses addition, amplifying or comparative addition. Skillful driver, as well as a locksmith. Acts in films as well as on television. And then - 1) union, otherwise, otherwise. Hurry up or you'll be late; 2) In reality, but in reality. If it were, it would be the other way around. A t O! (and then to A to the same!)(simple) - in response, expresses: 1) confident agreement, confirmation. Frozen? - And then! Frost in the yard; 2) ironic disagreement, denial: He will go? - And then! Wait! But not that, union- the same as that (in 1 value). And then, union- Attaches a message about something. unwanted or unexpected. Screaming, and then beat.

A 2 , particle(colloquial).
1. Indicates a question or response to someone. words. Let's go for a walk, shall we? Why don't you answer? - A? What's happened?
2. Strengthens circulation. Vanya, Vanya!
3. []. Expresses clarification, satisfied understanding. Ah, so it was you! Why didn't you call? - The phone didn't work! - Ah! Ah, so here's the thing!

A 3 [ pronounced with varying degrees of duration], int. Expresses annoyance, bitterness, as well as surprise, gloating and other similar feelings. Ah, so it was you! Ah, got it!

A…, console. Forms nouns and adjectives with meaning. absence (in words with a foreign root), the same as “not”, for example. asymmetry, illogical, immoral, arrhythmic, asynchronous.

AB

ABAGE At R, lampshade at ra, m. Cap for a lamp, lamp. Green a.
|| adj. lampshade at rny, lampshade at rye, lampshade at rnoe.

ABAZ AND NSKY, th, th.
1. cm. Abazins.
2. Relating to the Abaza, their language, national character, lifestyle, culture, as well as the territory of their residence, its internal structure, history; such as the Abaza. A. tongue In Abaza(adv.).

ABAZ AND US, - And n, units -And net, - And nca, m. The people living in Karachay-Cherkessia and in Adygea.
|| and. abase And nka, -And.
|| adj. abase And nsky, th, th.

ABB A T, -a, m.
1. Rector of a male Catholic monastery.
2. Catholic clergyman.
|| adj. abb A tsky, th, th.

ABBAT AND SA, -s, and. Mother Superior of a female Catholic monastery.

ABB A TSTV, -a, cf. Catholic monastery.

ABBREVIATE At RA, -s, and. In word formation: a noun formed from truncated segments of words (for example, executive committee, Komsomol), from the same segments in combination with a whole word (for example, maternity hospital, spare parts), as well as from the initial sounds of words or the names of their initial letters (for example ., university, automatic telephone exchange, Moscow Art Theater, computer, hard currency), a compound word.
|| adj. abbreviation at rny, th, th.

ABERR A CIA, -i, and.(specialist.). Deviation from something, as well as distortion of something. A. light rays. A. optical systems(image distortion). A. ideas(trans.).
|| adj. aberration O ny, th, th.

ABZ A C, -a, m.
1. Red line, indent at the beginning of the line. Start writing with a paragraph.
2. Text between two such indents. Read the first a.

ABISS AND NSKY, th, th.
1. cm. Abyssinians.
2. Relating to the Abyssinians, to their language, national character, way of life, culture, as well as to Abyssinia (the former name of Ethiopia), its territory, internal structure, history; such as the Abyssinians in Abyssinia. Abyssinian(adv.).

ABISS AND NTSY, -ev, units- nets, - nza, m. The former name of the population of Ethiopia (Abyssinia), Ethiopians.
|| and. abyss And nka, -And.
|| adj. abyss And nsky, th, th.

Abituri E NT, -a, m.
1. High school graduate (obsolete).
2. A person entering a higher or special educational institution.
|| and. abituri e ntka, -And.
|| adj. abituri e ntsky, th, th.

SUBSCRIBER E NT, subscriber e nta, m. A document that grants the right to use something. service, as well as the right itself. A. to the theatre. A. for a series of lectures. Interlibrary a.
|| adj. subscriber e ntny, th, th.

SUBSCRIPTION E NT, -a, m. A person using a subscription, having the right to use something. by subscription. A. libraries. A. telephone network(person or institution that has a telephone).
|| and. subscriber e ntka, -i (colloquial).
|| adj. subscriber e ntsky, th, th.

SUBSCRIPTION AND owls. And nesov. that. Get (-chat) by subscription, become (be) a subscriber of something. A. I lie down in the theater.

ABORDE A J, -a, m. In the era of the rowing and sailing fleet: attacking an enemy ship while approaching it directly for hand-to-hand combat. Take on a.(also trans.).
|| adj. abortion A zhny, th, th.

ABORIG E On the, m.(book). Indigenous inhabitant of the country, locality.
|| and. aborigine e nka, -i (colloquial).

ABORIG E NNY, th, th. Relating to the natives, to their life, to the places of their original habitat; like the aborigines.

AB ABOUT RT, -a, m. Premature termination of pregnancy, spontaneous or artificial, miscarriage.

ABORTION AND VNY, th, th (special).
1. Suspending or dramatically changing the development, course of the disease. A. method. Abortive remedies.
2. Underdeveloped. Abortive organs of plants.
|| noun abortion And visibility, -And, and.(to 2 values).

ABRAZ AND B, -a, m.(specialist.). Solid fine-grained or powdery substance (flint, emery, corundum, carborundum, pumice, garnet) used for grinding, polishing, sharpening.
|| adj. abraz And clear, th, th. abrasive materials. A. tool(grinding, polishing).

ABRAKAD A BRA, -s, and. A meaningless, incomprehensible set of words [ initial: a mysterious Persian word that served as a saving magic spell].

ADB E K, -a, m. During the annexation of the Caucasus to Russia: a mountaineer who participated in the struggle against the tsarist troops and administration.

ABRIC ABOUT C, -a, genus. pl.-ov, m. A southern fruit tree of the Rosaceae family, producing juicy sweet fruits with a large stone, as well as its fruit.
|| adj. abric O sleepy, -th, -th and abric O owl, th, th.

ABRIC ABOUT OWL, th, th.
1. cm. apricot.
2. Yellow-red, the color of a ripe apricot.

A BRIS, -a, m.(book). The outline of the object, the contour.
|| adj. A brisey, th, th.

ABSINTE AND ZM [ sente], -A, m.(book). Evasion of voters from participating in elections to state bodies.
|| adj. absinthe And Russian, th, th.

ABSOL YU T, -a, m.(book).
1. In philosophy: the eternal, unchanging fundamental principle of everything that exists (spirit, idea, deity).
2. Something self-sufficient, independent of any conditions and relations. Raise something to the absolute.

ABSOLUTE AND ZM, -a, m. The form of government in which the supreme power entirely belongs to the autocratic monarch is an unlimited monarchy.
|| adj. absolute And Russian, th, th.

ABSOL YU TNY, -th, -th; -ten, -tna.
1. full f. Unconditional, independent of anything, taken beyond comparison with something. Absolute value of a real number(in mathematics: this is the number itself, taken without a + or - sign). A. null(temperature at -273.15°C). A. champion(an athlete is a winner in the all-around, in some other types of competitions).
2. Perfect, complete. A. peace. He is absolutely(adv.) rights. Absolute majority(overwhelming majority). Absolute monarchy(autocracy). A. hearing(hearing, accurately determining the height of any tone).
|| noun absolute Yu ness, -And, and.(to 2 values).

ABSTRAG AND ROW, -ruyu, -ruesh; -any; owls. And that(book). Produce (-lead) an abstraction (in 1 meaning) of something.

ABSTRAG AND ROVE, -rush, -rush; owls. And nesov., from what(book). Mentally distract (-shut), imagine (-vlyat) something. in abstract form.

ABSTRA A KTNY, -th, -th; -ten, -tna. Based on abstraction (in 1 value), abstract. Abstract concept. Abstract thinking.
◊ Abstract nouns- in grammar: nouns that name abstract concepts, actions, states, signs, qualities, properties (for example, dependence, causality, running, cheerfulness, whiteness, kindness).
|| noun abstr A quality, -And, and.

ABSTRACTION AND ZM, -a, m. IN fine arts 20th century: the direction whose followers portray real world as a combination of abstract forms or color spots.
|| adj. abstraction And Russian, th, th.

ABSTRACTION AND ST, -a, m. The artist is a follower of abstractionism.
|| and. abstraction And stack, -And.

ABSTRA A KTSIA, -i, and.(book).
1. Mental distraction, isolation from certain aspects, properties or connections of objects and phenomena in order to highlight their essential features.
2. Abstract concept, theoretical generalization of experience. Scientific a.

ABS At RD, -a, m. Absurdity, nonsense. Bring the thought to the point of absurdity.
◊ Theater (drama) of the absurd- a trend in drama that depicts the world as chaos and people's actions as illogical, meaningless.

ABS At RDNY, -th, -th; -den, -bottom. Ridiculous, pointless. Absurd opinion.
|| noun abs at rarity, -And, and.

ABSC E SS, -a, m.(specialist.). An abscess, abscess, accumulation of pus in organs or tissues as a result of an inflammatory process.
|| adj. abs e ssny, th, th.

ABH A ZSKY, th, th.
1. cm. Abkhazians.
2. Relating to the Abkhazians (Abkhazians), to their language, national character, way of life, culture, as well as to Abkhazia, its territory, internal structure, history; such as the Abkhazians (Abkhazians). A. tongue(Abkhaz-Adyghe group of Caucasian languages). in Abkhazian(adv.).

ABH A ZSKO-ADYG E JSKY, -th, -th: Abkhaz-Adyghe languages- the western group of Caucasian languages, including the languages: Abaza, Abkhaz, Adyghe, Kabardino-Circassian and some others.

ABH A PS, -ov, units abh A behind, m. and ABH A ZTSY, -ev, units abh A zetz, -zza, m. The people who are the main indigenous people Abkhazia.
|| and. abh A zka, -And.
|| adj. abh A zsky, th, th.

ABA [ without a hit.], union(simple). If only, if only. Does it somehow, anyhow rather finish.
◊ Aby like- somehow, somehow. Works just like.

Many people think that the name Ozhegov comes from the word burn. But then it would have to sound "Burns" and be written through "o". Actually, this Ural surname comes from the word "burn" (with an emphasis on O) - in the old days this was the name of a stick that was dipped into molten metal to determine the degree of its readiness for pouring.

"Dictionary corpses"

The scientist Fedot Filin, when Ozhegov was preparing his dictionary for publication in 1950, wrote him a critical letter, in which he met this vivid and not at all scientific expression: "dictionary corpses."

"Depraved Meaning"

Ozhegov participated in the compilation of the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" edited by D.N. Ushakov: he is the author of a third of the entries in this dictionary. The dictionary was being prepared in the second half of the 1930s, and, of course, it went through censorship, which found fault with the word "lover", supposedly having a "perverse meaning". This nitpicking may seem especially comical to someone who knows the history of the Russian language and is familiar with the poetry of the 19th century, where this word simply means a loving girl and does not mean anything more. But in any case, during the time of Ozhegov, the word had already acquired a modern meaning, and the captious censor insisted that there was no such phenomenon - and the word - in the Soviet Union. References to literature did not convince the inspector. Then Ozhegov showed humor and cunning: he knew that, coming from Leningrad to Moscow, the censor stops at one woman. "Who is this lady to you?" Sergei Ivanovich asked him. Here the censor had to make concessions, leaving the insidious word in the dictionary.

Dictionary under the bombs

Ozhegov worked on his "Dictionary of the Russian Language", as well as on the "Dictionary for the plays of A.N. Ostrovsky" during the Second World War. After the first bombings of Moscow in 1941, he sent his family to Tashkent and joined the militia himself. But it turned out that he, as a prominent scientist, was "booked" - and he could not get to the front. Then Sergei Ivanovich became director of the Institute of Language and Writing of the USSR Academy of Sciences and remained in this post until the return of the former leadership from the evacuation. His faith that the Germans would not be able to take Moscow was unshakable. So he spent the war: in Moscow, at his old table, in the light of a kerosene lamp, under the roar of bombing, working on compiling dictionaries. Let us add that the "Dictionary for the plays of A.N. Ostrovsky" was later banned and its entire set was scattered. A reprint edition of the surviving prints appeared only in 1993 - almost 30 years after the death of the author.

Yezhov and intelligence

The word "intelligence" is also not neutral for the Soviet era. Therefore, the author of the dictionary had to make a compromise: the dictionary, one of the principles of which was brevity and conciseness, contained a huge quote that in capitalist countries the state security organs are hated by the working masses, and in the USSR, on the contrary, they are respected and loved by the people. The quote was taken from the speech of N.I. Yezhov - People's Commissar of Internal Affairs. However, at the last moment, Ozhegov suddenly removed his last name, that is, he actually violated the copyright of the people's commissar. After that, he received a call to the Lubyanka. And there ... they suddenly began to find out from the scientist how he knew that People's Commissar Yezhov was removed at the same time - after all, they had not even had time to report this in the newspapers!

enlightened prisoner

They say that Ozhegov's dictionary saved at least one person - or rather, helped him get out of prison. The young man was imprisoned for rape, and his term under this article was the maximum. In his free time, he borrowed the fourth edition of the dictionary (1960), which had just arrived there, from the prison library and looked up the meaning of the word "rape." The prisoner then sent a letter to the prison authorities. The letter explained that in his case no violence was committed: everything happened by mutual agreement, and the girl simply took revenge on him for refusing to marry her. Surprisingly, the young man achieved a review of the case and was released.

Lenin is not lazy

In Ozhegov's dictionary there are no words-names of city dwellers. You won't find the word "Minsk citizen", "Permyak" or "Irkutsk citizen" there, but the word "Leningrader" is there - at least in the second edition of the 1952 dictionary. This word is also a product of the special logic of Soviet censorship, which did not like the fact that the words "lazy" and "Leninist" turned out to be neighbors. Of course, the matter did not come to changing the alphabet, so it was decided to separate the incompatible neighbors with the word "Leningrader". Still, because some Leningraders are truly lazy!

"Dictionary of the Russian language S.I. Ozhegov"one of the most famous and popular Russian explanatory dictionaries. This is the first and so far the only one-volume explanatory dictionary. During the life of the author, the dictionary was repeatedly published and reprinted. Glossary of Ozhegov's Dictionary formed the basis of many translation dictionaries.

The words and phraseological units collected in the dictionary refer not only to the general literary vocabulary, but also to the special ones interacting with it. language areas. The vocabulary is also widely represented vocabulary, which is used not only in literature, but also in colloquial speech. An exceptional feature of the dictionary is not just to interpret the meanings of words, but along with an explanation, give examples of their use and compatibility with other words; give grammatical and accentological, and in some cases also orthoepic characteristics of the word. The dictionary entry is accompanied by a description of those phraseological expressions that are generated by this word or are somehow connected with it. The book is addressed to wide circles readers, it can be used both by those who begin to study the Russian language, and those who speak it well and refer to the dictionary to clarify or replenish their knowledge.

The first edition of the dictionary was published in 1949 and contained 50,000 words. Professor G.O. Vinokur and Professor V.A. Petrosyan. Academician S.P. Obnorsky was the editor-in-chief of the dictionary.

The popularity of the dictionary began to grow immediately after its publication, but main idea Ozhegova was to republish the dictionary, reflecting the changes that are taking place in the Russian language, and in 1952 the second reprint of the dictionary was published, which already contains 52,000 words. The lexicological edition of the second edition is carried out by Professor philological sciences N. Yu. Shvedova.

In 1964, Ozhegov finds it inappropriate to further publish the dictionary in a stereotypical way and even sends a letter to the publishing house " Soviet Encyclopedia"But, unfortunately, Ozhegov's plan remains unfulfilled, since in October 1964 he unexpectedly dies.

However, the life of the dictionary could not end with the life of its author, and since 1965 N.Yu. Shvedova begins the preparation of a new, corrected and supplemented edition of the dictionary as an editor. As a result, in 1972, the 9th reprint of the explanatory dictionary was published, containing about 57,000 words. Critics have noted that Ozhegov's dictionary got a second life.

On our website www. you will find comprehensive information, you can view electronic dictionaries online, as well as download spelling dictionaries of the Russian language.