Micrologistics in the book business. Moscow State University of Printing Tasks and functions of logistics

Logistics

Tutorial

Compiled by

N.V. PRAVDINA

Ulyanovsk 2013

UDC 338.24 (075)

BBK 65.050 ya7

Approved by the University's Editorial and Publishing Council
as a teaching aid

Reviewers: Associate Professor of the Department of Economic Analysis and Public Administration at Ulyanovsk State University, Ph.D. economy Sci. E. A. Pogodina;

Department of Management and Economics in Air Transport, UVAUGA, Ph.D. economy Sci., Associate Professor S. G. Karakozov

Pravdina N.V.

P 68 Logistics: Textbook / N.V. Pravdina. Ulyan. state tech. univ. – Ulyanovsk: Ulyanovsk State Technical University, 2013. – 156 p.

UDC 338.24 (075)

BBK 65.050 ya7

The textbook presents a comprehensive set of theoretical and methodological provisions on logistics, developing practical skills in developing effective management decisions throughout the movement of goods.

The textbook is intended for students studying in the areas of “Organization Management”, “Quality Management”, studying the discipline “Logistics”.

About N.V. Pravdina, 2013

ISBN 5-89146-30-0 Ó Design. UlSTU, 2013

INTRODUCTION........................................................ ........................................................ .................................... 6

1. Objectives and functions of logistics.................................................... ........................................................ ..... 9

1.1. Concept, goals and objectives of logistics.................................................... ...................................... 9

1.2. The concept of flow. Classification of streams.
Main types of flows......................................................... ........................................................ ....... eleven

1.3. The concept of a logistics system and its properties................................................................. ............... 12

1.4. Chains and links of the logistics system.................................................... ............................ 14

1.5. Macrological system.
Classification of macrologistics systems................................................................. ....................... 17

1.6. Micrologistic systems. Their types and classification.................................................... 18

1.7. Traditional and logistic approaches to management.................................................... 18

2. Factors and trends in the development of logistics. Principles of logistics................................... 20

2.1. Factors in the development of logistics................................................................... .......................................... 20

2.3. Basic principles of effective use of logistics.................................................... 23

3. Information logistics.................................................... ........................................................ .. 25

3.1. The concept of information logistics................................................................... ........................... 25

3.2. Features of information systems and technologies................................................................. ... 25

3.3. Information flow in the logistics system................................................................. ....... 26

3.4. Information channels in the logistics system................................................................. ..... 26

3.5. Types of information flows........................................................ .................................... 27

3.7. System and application software,
used in information technologies.............................................................. ................... thirty

3.8. “Network technologies” in the management of logistics processes.................................... 31

3.10. Logistics and corporate information systems.................................................... 33

4. Procurement logistics mechanisms.................................................... ........................................... 34

4.1. Purchasing logistics objectives................................................................... ........................................... 34

4.3. Determining the procurement method................................................................... ........................................... 38

4.4. Basic requirements for choosing a supplier................................................................... ............... 40

4.5. Legal basis of procurement................................................................... ............................................... 41

5. Logistics of production processes. Organization
material flows in production.
Organization of the production process in time................................................... ............ 43

5.1. The concept of “Production Logistics”................................................................. ................................ 43

5.2. Organization of material flow in production................................................................... ..... 45

5.8. Options for managing MP within the framework of in-production.................................................... 53

logistics systems........................................................ ........................................................ .......... 53

5.9. Modern trends in production integration......................................................... 59

5.10. System of standards for organizing the production process.................................... 60

5.11. Production system structures................................................................... ....................... 60

6. Distribution and sales logistics.................................................... ............................................... 62

6.1. The meaning and essence of distribution logistics.................................................... ..... 62

6.2. Definition of distribution logistics................................................................... ........................ 64

6.3. Principles and properties of distribution logistics.................................................... .......... 66

6.4. Organization of distribution system management
at the enterprise................................................... ........................................................ .................... 67

6.5. Logical modeling of the sales process
finished products................................................... ........................................................ ............... 68

6.6. Definition and main features of physical distribution companies...... 69

6.7. Main forms of distribution of finished products.................................................................... ... 70

6.8. Product distribution channels and intermediaries
in the logistics system........................................................ ........................................................ ...... 71

6.9. Selecting a distribution center location option.................................................... 76

6.10. Types of logistics intermediaries................................................................... ........................... 76

7. Inventory logistics.................................................... ........................................................ ................... 79

7.1. The concept of stock................................................... ........................................................ ............... 79

7.2. Material reserves........................................................ ........................................................ ... 79

7.3. Reasons for creating inventories................................................................. .................... 80

7.4. Reasons for minimizing inventories.................................................... ......... 81

7.5. Inventory Management. Inventory management system........................................................ 82

7.6. Wilson's optimal order size.................................................... ........................... 85

7.7. Classification of inventories,
servicing the material flow................................................................... ................................ 86

7.8. Basic inventory management systems................................................................... ....................... 90

7.9. Other inventory management systems.................................................................... ........................... 96

8. Transport logistics.................................................... ........................................................ ......... 99

Organic parts of the transport network are railways, sea and navigable river routes, highways, pipelines for transporting oil and gas, and a network of air lines. In addition to communication routes, transport also has means for moving products - these are cars, locomotives, wagons, ships and other rolling stock. Technical devices and structures of transport include: stations, depots, workshops, repair plants, maintenance facilities, etc....................... ................................................... 99

8.2 Purpose of transport in logistics.................................................... ....................... 101

and areas of their rational use................................................... .................................... 104

Features of transport................................................... ........................................................ ........ 104

Advantages........................................................ ........................................................ ........................ 104

Flaws................................................. ........................................................ ........................... 104

8.4 Principles of transport logistics.................................................... ........................... 106

8.5. Modern form of interaction
transport enterprises for the purpose
increasing the efficiency of logistics services................................................................... ............... 107

8.6. Factors promoting development
global transport logistics................................................................... ................................... 107

8.7. New logistics collection systems
and cargo distribution......................................................... ........................................................ ...... 108

8.8. Principles of tariff setting................................................... .................................... 109

8.9. Extra-transport effect................................................... ........................................... 110

8.10. Key measures to reduce transport costs.................................................... 111

in the supply chain........................................................ ........................................................ ......... 111

9. Service logistics................................................................. .................................... 115

9.1. The concept of service in logistics.................................................... ........................................... 115

9.2. Logistics service as an element of distribution logistics.................................... 116

9.3. Types of logistics services................................................................... ........................... 117

9.4. Service flow management................................................................... ........................................... 119

9.5. Level of logistics service................................................................... ................................... 119

9.6. The concept of quality of logistics service.................................................... ................... 120

9.7. Costs for logistics services.................................................... ................................ 123

10. Organization of logistics management................................................... ........................... 125

10.1. Basic control functions........................................................ ................................ 125

10.2. Mechanism for cross-functional coordination of material flow management 130

10.3. Methods for implementing logistics management decisions.................................... 136

10.5. Controlling in logistics systems................................................................. .................... 139

10.6. Forecasting methods in the logistics system................................................................. .. 141

Glossary................................................. ........................................................ .................................... 142

INTRODUCTION

The development of market economic relations has given rise to a new scientific direction - logistics. In general, logistics is the science of flows in “large systems”. However, in economics, logistics is not only the management of material flows; logistics has great capabilities and high efficiency in carrying out business activities.

The object of study of logistics is material and related information flows. The relevance of the discipline and the sharply growing interest in its study are due to the potential opportunities for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of material-conducting systems, which open up the use of a logistics approach.

Logistics makes it possible to significantly reduce the time interval between the acquisition of raw materials and semi-finished products and the delivery of the finished product to the consumer, and contributes to a sharp reduction in inventories in production. The use of logistics speeds up the process of obtaining information and increases the level of service.

Activities in the field of logistics are multifaceted. It includes management of transport, warehousing, inventories, personnel, organization of information systems, commercial activities and much more. Each of the listed functions is deeply studied and described in the corresponding industry discipline.

The fundamental novelty of the logistics approach is the organic mutual connection, the integration of the above areas into a single material-conducting system. The goal of the logistics approach is end-to-end management of material flows.

Material flow management has always been an essential aspect of economic activity. However, only relatively recently has it acquired the position of one of the most important functions of economic life. The main reason is the transition from a seller's market to a buyer's market, which necessitates a flexible response of production and trading systems to rapidly changing consumer priorities.

Intensive use of modern information technologies and management systems makes it possible to use logistics in all areas of organizational activity, which provides competitive advantages and additional profit.

Modern organizations have the opportunity to receive and provide more logistics services. The demand for logistics services is determined not only by the best provision of goods, but also by the image component of the organization providing additional services.

Studying this discipline allows you to develop the following professional competencies:

1. General professional:

Knowledge of logistics concepts, methods and functions; ability to use methods of research, organization, modeling and business analysis, to minimize distribution costs;

Knowledge of enterprise organization and technology; the ability to organize trade and technological processes in the activities of different types and types of enterprises;

Knowledge of legal regulation of commercial activities; ability to negotiate and conclude deals;

Knowledge of information technologies in activities; ability to use software and network technologies to solve economic problems.

2. Special:

Knowledge of the organization of enterprise activities; be able to organize operations for the purchase and sale of goods, establish relations with the public, colleagues, clients, employers;

Knowledge of enterprise service management; be able to increase the efficiency of organization and management by taking initiative in business; work with various kinds of institutions - government departments, large companies, financial institutions, local government structures, production, service companies; conduct research, analysis and forecasting in the field of commodity circulation; analyze and evaluate the information received, correlating it with economic laws and theory; formulate conclusions, see trends, present them in the form of reports, messages, reports, market reviews; master consulting techniques; adapt to new situations in the external environment; demonstrate the ability to professional, organizational and psychophysiological adaptation; maintain established interpersonal relationships; if necessary, conduct briefings, presentations, debates, round tables with colleagues on business issues.

Knowledge of the organization of activities of trade and intermediary structures; be able to carry out trade and intermediary operations;

Knowledge of the essence and functions of entrepreneurship, the stages of creating a new enterprise, and managing its business activities; be able, if necessary, to run your own business, having previously undergone professional training;

Knowledge of the basic concepts, goals and objectives of electronic commerce; ability to use interactive automated systems of electronic interaction, the Internet, Internet payment systems to provide goods and services to customers;

Knowledge of strategic planning in corporations and divisions, strategic business planning; be able to develop a company strategy together with the administration; work on programs in the field of organization and technology of activities and business projects.

Tasks and functions of logistics

Related information.

Micrologistics in the book business studies ways and means of optimizing the flow of book products entering enterprises, processed there, and outgoing flows of book products and related economic flows. The main logistics system considered in micrologistics is the enterprise. In this case, the logistics chain through which material and other flows pass consists of various services of the enterprise (divisions involved in supply, production of goods or services, and their sale) (Fig. 7.6).

In micrologistics, an enterprise can be considered as a whole, then its internal structure is not taken into account. Micrologistic research of large enterprises or associations as an object of study may have the following structures: enterprise (association, holding), areas of activity of a multi-industry enterprise (businesses), divisions of the enterprise, individual logistics functions and processes.

The purpose of micrologistic research structure of any type is the logistical optimization of its activities, aimed at best satisfying consumer requirements. In-house departments can act as consumers (for example, for a bookstore warehouse, the consumer of warehouse services is the sales floor). From the consumer’s point of view, the effectiveness of the logistics system is determined by the level of logistics services provided, i.e. the ability to create value for consumers. The more benefits a logistics system offers to consumers, the more they are willing to pay for them. The information flow (service flow), moving from the entrance to the logistics system to the exit from it, increases in value. The task of micrologistics is to provide as many benefits as possible for consumers at the exit flow from the enterprise and at the same time at optimal costs. To do this, all services of the enterprise must work in accordance with the basic logistics rule of the "seven Hs" ": security our consumer necessary him with goods in necessary quantity with necessary quality in necessary place, in necessary time, s the best costs. The buyer's interest lies in the fact that the book product available on the market is accessible to him, i.e. was in the sales area constantly. How exactly to meet this difficult customer requirement depends on the capabilities (resources) of a particular bookstore. There will be only one thing in common - it will require coordination of the efforts of all departments of the store and its supplier partners.

Rice. 7.6.

Optimization of logistics processes includes three areas: improving the parameters of input resource flows based on improving relationships with suppliers, improving internal flows, i.e. results and consistency of actions of the enterprise divisions (primarily through improving the qualifications of personnel and their motivation), improving relations with consumers, more accurately matching the output flows of goods and services to their requirements (Fig. 7.7).

Rice. 7.7.

Input, internal and output flows are divided into several types (according to their constituent resources): material, information, financial, personnel, service. Each type of flow requires optimization, but an integrated approach must be followed: all flows must be interconnected. For example, at the moment a book circulation (material flow) arrives at a wholesale enterprise, it is necessary that the following flows be organized accordingly:

• informational - enterprise employees must already have information about this delivery in order to prepare for receiving goods;
• financial - pay for the delivery before the goods arrive or do it at another time specified in the contract;
• personnel – to ensure at the time of receipt the availability of appropriate workers who must perform operations for receiving the input flow at the enterprise;
• service – to provide the supplier with services, for example, for fast and high-quality acceptance of goods, prompt notification of discrepancies that arise during receipt, etc.

Thus, logistics optimization of an enterprise as a logistics system involves the following directions: firstly, optimization of flows at all stages - receipt from the supplier, movement within the enterprise, exit outside the enterprise to the recipient; secondly, optimization of all types of flows in a complex, in interconnection.

An illustration of the use of logistics at the level of an individual enterprise can be seen in the activities of the Biblio-Globus trading house. Some time ago, this store conducted a study aimed at logistically optimizing connections between internal departments of a retail bookselling enterprise. The purpose of the first stage of the study was to identify bottlenecks in the flow of book goods inside the Biblio-Globus trade center.

In Fig. 7.8 shows the main stages of the movement of book goods from the Biblio-Globus trading house. As the study showed, the capacity of the three main divisions that carry out the physical movement of goods is not the same. The reception department has the greatest capacity. If we take its throughput as 100%, then the capacity of the warehouse and sales area will be 60%, respectively. Consequently, there is a “bottleneck” in the distribution chain – it is the trading floor, and it is this critical resource that needs to be given attention in order to find opportunities to increase its capacity.

Rice. 7.8.Scheme for promoting book products using the example of the Biblio-Globus Trade House

It should be noted that according to the scheme for promoting goods, the trading floor is directly connected with customers, so part of the problems of the trading floor are caused by problems with customer flows. Since the study was carried out at the micro-logistics level, it did not address the issues of optimizing input customer flows. A bookstore can have a very limited effect on fluctuations in customer flows across trading hours and seasonal periods. For example, through premium discounts for those who shop during their slowest hours. Or through an advertising campaign calling for textbook purchases in advance, and not on days of rush demand.

Still, the buyer purchases books when it is convenient for him, so sales staff must adapt to the nature of customer flows. Consequently, one of the main directions for optimizing the interface “trading floor - buyer” was recognized as improving the movement of sellers during the working day. As practice has shown, this event can increase sales by 25%. First of all, the seller was freed from the operations of ordering books from the warehouse, which is currently performed automatically by a computer system in the Biblio-Globus trading house. The distribution of sellers among sections was rationalized, taking into account the breadth of assortment, customer flow in each section, features of working with different types of book products, the number of purchases, etc.; improving the qualifications of sellers. Two types of main services provided by sellers to buyers were identified: the sale of books and services related to this main process. Accordingly, two types of sellers can be distinguished: those focused primarily on selling books and those focused on providing services to customers (Fig. 7.9).

Rice. 7.9.

A highly qualified seller combines these two areas, which will give him the opportunity to sell a lot with high quality related services (informing buyers, individual approach, accepting pre-orders, etc.). After ways to optimize the sales floor were identified, the researchers paid attention to optimizing the warehouse-sales floor interface. Here, the main direction of logistics optimization was considered to be the improvement of “auto-reorder”, i.e. a computer ordering system based on copy-by-copy sales of each title.

When optimizing the interface "suppliers - receiving department" of the Biblio-Globus Trade House, the following problems created by suppliers were identified: discrepancy between the actually delivered goods and the goods indicated in the documents in terms of quantity; discrepancy between the output data of books indicated in delivery notes and invoices; the delivery of books is not according to the established schedule, which inevitably leads to uneven input flow. In addition, internal problems were identified: insufficient parking area for cars, deficiencies in the layout and equipment of the reception department. These problems created losses that were estimated at 30% of working time (Fig. 7.10).

Rice. 7.10.Types of losses at the interface between suppliers and trading house

The interface between suppliers and receiving department of the Biblio-Globus Trade House can be optimized by:

• preliminary (before the books arrive) notification by information providers (in electronic form) and delivery of samples;
• tightening requirements for suppliers to comply with delivery schedules and rules for documentary support of deliveries;
• rationalization of the layout and equipment of the reception department;
• delivery of goods directly to the sales floor, bypassing the warehouse.

Thus, the logistics research carried out at the Biblio-Globus trading house made it possible to identify areas for optimizing the flow of book goods inside the store.

Transcript

1 M.D. KRYLOV LOGISTICS IN BOOK BUSINESS Textbook Moscow MSUP 2010

2 2 UDC BBK K85 Krylova M.D. Logistics in the book business: Textbook. M.: MGUP, p.: ill. ISBN. The textbook contains about 200 sections, which systematize modern views on logistics and its conceptual apparatus. Provides information about a new direction in logistics and supply chain management. In relation to the work of book publishing enterprises, the functional areas of logistics (purchasing, production, distribution, etc.) are considered. Particular attention is paid to such a pressing problem for publishing and bookselling specialists as improving the logistics of the retail sale of book goods. Contains detailed information about the organization of the flow of services, information, personnel and other areas of activity of book business enterprises. The textbook is intended for students, as well as managers and specialists of bookselling enterprises and publishing houses. UDC BBK ISBN. M.D. Krylova

3 3 CONTENTS PREFACE... 7 Logistics is a new direction in the book business... 9 Definition of logistics... 9 Logistics in the book business The emergence and stages of development of logistics Stages of development of logistics in a book business enterprise The purpose of logistics The novelty of logistics The structure of logistics The need to use logistics in book business Efficiency of logistics Logistics thinking Logistic manager of a book business enterprise Training of book business logisticians Basic concepts of logistics Economic flow Logistics system Properties and purpose of a logistics system Logistics channel Supply chain Principles of forming a supply chain Link of a logistics system Logistics operations and functions Logistics cycle Logistics methodology Structure of logistics methodology System approach in logistics The concept of compromises The concept of integration The concept of coordination The concept of total costs The concept of total quality management Process approach Methods of logistics research Negotiations as a method of implementing logistics concepts The principle of “bottlenecks” (weak links) Pareto’s rule ABC analysis and XYZ analysis Supply chain management ( logistics management) Definition of logistics management Purpose and structure of supply chain management Management of external supply chains Management of internal supply chains Problems of external supply chains in the book business Problems of managing internal supply chains The problem of “make or buy”... 58

4 4 Outsourcing Purchasing logistics in the book business Definition of purchasing logistics Purposes of purchasing logistics Planning of purchasing logistics Strategy of purchasing logistics Purchasing service of a book business enterprise The problem of “make or buy” in purchasing logistics Basic methods of purchasing Selecting a supplier Relationships with suppliers Control of supplies Modern trends in purchasing logistics Rule “ Seven N" in purchasing logistics Information support for purchasing logistics Production logistics in book business Goals and objectives of production logistics Types of production logistics Traditional and logistics production systems Push and pull production logistics systems Just-in-time logistics system Lean manufacturing logistics system Other logistics production systems Principles of organizing production processes Organization of workplaces according to the 5S system Production logistics in the publishing business Publishing production cycle Distribution logistics in the book business Goals and objectives of distribution logistics Distribution channel Distribution logistics of the enterprise Formation of distribution logistics of the enterprise Structure of the distribution channel Types of intermediaries Breadth of the distribution channel Sales department of the publishing house Wholesale bookselling enterprises Logistics providers Order fulfillment cycle Features of sales to bookselling organizations Stages of the “Sales” business process The role of industry exhibitions in distribution logistics Inventories in book distribution Inventories in distribution channels Inventory logistics Warehouse and transport logistics in the book business Goals and objectives of warehouse logistics

5 5 Functions of warehouses Types of warehouses Organization of warehousing Deciding on the need for a warehouse Selecting the type of warehouse Calculating the optimal number of warehouses Determining the location of warehouses and their sizes Designing a warehouse logistics system Warehouse zones Logistics operations of a warehouse Goals and objectives of transport logistics Transport task Formation of a transport logistics system Transport tariffs Logistics retail sales in the book business Goals and objectives of retail logistics Structure of retail book trade Main directions of retail logistics Location of a bookstore and customer flows Research of customer flows of a bookstore Formation of customer flows Merchandising Assortment management Customer service Club activities of bookstores Serving corporate clients Information support for the process sales Sales based on individual customer orders Personalization in relationships with customers Online store logistics Returnable material flows in retail trade Service logistics in the book business Goals and objectives of service logistics Services in the book business Features of services Types of service Classification of services Formation of a logistics service system Design of service delivery logistics Additional services Assessment of the quality of services Consumer perception of the quality of services Level of service and costs of service The role of personnel in the provision of services The profitability chain of services Information logistics in the book business

6 6 Basic concepts of information logistics Characteristics of information flows Stages of movement of information flows Logistics information system Formation of a logistics information system Directions for the development of information logistics in the book business Unified information space in the book business Electronic data exchange in the book business Electronic data exchange format Structure of the logistics information system of the book business enterprise Information logistics in the publishing business Knowledge management in the book business Book trade classification Groupings of publishing products Category management Customer relationship management systems Supply chain management systems Information kiosks Personnel logistics in the book business Definition of personnel logistics Purpose and structure of personnel logistics Personnel logistics of a book publishing enterprise Types of personnel movement in enterprise The need to improve the quality of personnel Sources of attracting personnel Selection and selection of personnel Adaptation of personnel Organization of intra-company personnel flows Logistics of output personnel flows Logistics of employee career development Typical career models The role of certification in the management of personnel flows Indicators of personnel assessment Methods of personnel assessment Personnel training The need and advantages of in-house training Organization of in-house training training Principles of in-house training Methods of in-house training Alphabetical index of sections References

7 7 PREFACE Domestic and foreign practice in recent years indicates that a new scientific and practical direction of logistics has formed and is rapidly developing. The success of applying logistics principles in business leads to the fact that logistics is increasingly being assessed as one of the priority areas of activity in the 21st century. Product distribution management has always been an essential aspect of enterprise activity. However, only relatively recently has optimization of economic flows become one of the most important functions of business. The main reason for this is the need for a flexible response of production and trading systems to rapid changes in customer needs, technologies, competitors' actions, and factors in social and political life. These trends are also characteristic of the book industry. The growing variety of publishing products, the need to increase the efficiency of book distribution and the increasingly complex needs of buyers require the practical application of the achievements of modern science. The concept of “flow” is the basic concept of logistics. It very accurately reflects the essence of modern business. On the one hand, any book publishing organization is characterized by an ever-increasing rate of change. It is necessary to publish book products more and more quickly, sell them and publish them again, receiving financial flows from buyers in return for the books sold. On the other hand, the external and internal environment of companies is changing rapidly, so the organizations themselves must change - this is also a flow, but already a flow of actions, business processes. A modern book specialist must constantly look for new opportunities for development, be focused on the future, actively use the achievements of science, and be able to work effectively in a team, directing them to achieve their goals. In this regard, a holistic understanding of the goals and development paths of book business enterprises, mastery of the philosophy and logic of the book business, becomes extremely important. Logistics is the progressive thinking of a modern entrepreneur, aimed at optimizing activities at all levels, from specific jobs to the interaction of structures in global economic systems. The logistics of the book business will develop rapidly. Bookselling enterprises must become high-tech and multifunctional information centers with a wide range of books and other media, with a rich range of services aimed at meeting the individual needs of each buyer. Modern man experiences an excess of information. Book distributors must help people navigate the flow of information and offer the most convenient ways to provide this information. At the same time, it is necessary to fulfill the mission of distributing books in society effectively so that the book business receives funds for further rapid improvement. All this means that logistics in the book business has a great future! This book was intended as a guide that will help students master logistics thinking and apply it in practice. It can be used in two ways. If someone needs to get an answer to a specific question or information on any area of ​​​​logistics, it can be used as a reference, i.e. refer to the alphabetical index of sections and select the one

8 8 which contains the necessary information. The sections are small in volume, which allows you to quickly obtain the necessary information. For those who want to get a complete understanding of logistics in the book business, the book can be read as a regular textbook, which contains basic information about logistics as a science and practical activity. The author expresses gratitude to all those who helped create this book to students whose desire to gain modern knowledge does not allow the teacher to stand still; employees of the Biblio-Globus Trading House, who not only provide the opportunity to study the company, but also share their experience with students; colleagues from the Economics Research Center and many others.

9 9 Logistics is a new direction in the book business Definition of logistics Logistics in its modern sense arose not so long ago (see “The Emergence and Stages of Development of Logistics”), however, the scope of its application is rapidly expanding, more and more obvious facts are appearing indicating the need to implement its achievements into practice. Nowadays, the term “logistics” refers to several concepts: a science, the object of study of which is the movement of economic flows with the aim of optimizing them; supply chain management, ensuring the movement of economic flows in practice in real supply chains; a complex of infrastructure elements in the economy associated with ensuring the movement of material flows (primarily the transport and warehouse complex). Let us give the most common definition of logistics as a science. Logistics is the science of managing and optimizing the movement of material and related information and other economic flows in economic systems to achieve their goals of meeting consumer requirements. Let us cite the definition given by the Logistics Management Council (USA) in the mid-1980s, which refers to logistics as supply chain management: “Logistics is the process of planning, executing and controlling the cost-effective flow of materials, finished products, and services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of fully satisfying consumer requirements.” Analysis of the definitions proposed by different authors allows us to supplement the above definitions with the following aspects: logistics studies and optimizes flows of all types in their interrelation; logistics contributes to the adaptation and sustainability of enterprises in a rapidly changing market environment; logistics considers the entire chain of economic flows: “purchase of raw materials production distribution sale consumption”; logistics aims to optimize activities based on the coordination and integration of activities involved in the supply chains of companies; Logistics coordinates the company’s activities with partners, coordinates the demand presented by the market and the supply put forward by the company, unites the efforts of various departments of the enterprise to achieve the best operating results. Nowadays, logistics is increasingly perceived as part of modern business philosophy, entrepreneurial outlook, and enterprise development strategy. The term “logistics” is used in a variety of fields of activity and situations that require precise coordination of actions and a strict sequence of operations. All noted trends are applicable to the logistics of the book business, which allows us to give the following definitions. Logistics as a practical activity in the book business uses identified patterns and methods of logistics optimization in operations.

10 10 activity of enterprises and industry supply chains in order to most fully meet the requirements of consumers of book products. Logistics in the book business as a scientific discipline reveals objective patterns of movement of economic flows in this area of ​​entrepreneurship, and also develops ways and methods for optimizing the movement of book products and related flows from their origin to use by the end consumer. The object of logistics research is material, service, information, financial and personnel flows. The subject of logistics research is optimization of flows in economic systems. It is achieved on the basis of flow management using logistics concepts: total costs, trade-offs, total quality management, business humanization, coordination and integration of business processes. Logistics in the book business Logistics controls the movement of economic flows. In the book business, the determining economic flow is the flow of publishing products moving from the manufacturer to the final consumer. This main flow is considered inextricably linked with information, service, financial, and personnel flows that ensure the production and movement of book goods. The modern economy is characterized by accelerating change. It is necessary to publish book products more and more quickly, sell them and publish them again, receiving financial flows from buyers in return for the flow of books sold. In addition, the external and internal environment of organizations is changing rapidly, so the organizations themselves must change; this is also a flow, but already a flow of actions and business processes. Consequently, in order to successfully operate in the book market, book specialists must not only know and apply in practice individual achievements of logistics, they must have logistics thinking (see “Logistic thinking”). Foreign researchers believe that the introduction of logistics management principles in companies is a necessary condition for survival in competition. The Russian book industry is only at the beginning of the implementation of logistics achievements. However, an increasing number of publishers and booksellers understand that without logistics it is impossible to build and improve any modern enterprise. The need for logistics thinking among managers and book specialists will increase. The book market is an ideal field for the application of logistics. In a situation where every penny counts, when the profit or loss of a company depends on the properly organized flow of goods, logistics becomes an important driving force of business. The first and most obvious results of using logistics at an enterprise are: reduction of inventories at all stages of their existence (from the purchase of raw materials to the sale of goods to the final consumer); reducing the time and cost of production, delivery and sale of goods.

11 11 Both results bring very significant economic benefits to organizations. The solution to these problems is especially relevant for book publishing enterprises, where: both the composition and the nature of the flow are complex, which is associated with the complexity of book products and the large number of titles on the book market; it is necessary to monitor costs especially carefully, since pricing policies and demand trends in the book market are very contradictory; inventories of goods are high at all levels of commodity distribution; The production of the bulk of publishing products in Moscow and St. Petersburg means that efficient delivery of goods throughout the country is a complex task. No book business organization these days can prosper if it ignores logistics or does not organize it at the proper level, because the movement of various types of resources and finished goods requires large costs, therefore, any improvement in this area will have a high effect. An equally important area of ​​logistics is the optimization of flows between enterprises. In modern business, relationships with partners are becoming more complex, and the need for coordinated actions by participants in the distribution of goods is growing. The supply chain is interacting organizations that jointly manage and improve the flow of flows that exist throughout the production, distribution and sale of goods to end consumers. The chain is formed by agreements reached between participants in the distribution of goods. These agreements give them a competitive advantage over companies outside the supply chain. The need to manage external and internal (enterprise business processes) supply chains leads to the fact that one of the main goals of logistics is called “linking boundaries” of both the boundaries of structural units within the enterprise and the boundaries of enterprises participating in the supply chain. The scope of logistics in the book business is rapidly expanding, including management of relationships with suppliers and clients, modern technologies for the movement of information flows, etc. The emergence and stages of development of logistics The history of logistics goes back to the distant past. The term "logistics" comes from the Greek word "logos" - mind, thought, word. From the same root comes the word “logic” - the science of the properties and methods of thinking. Logistics was the development of this science in relation to practical activities. In the ancient world, logistics meant the art of performing calculations, primarily in business practice. The highest government officials who controlled trade and financial activities were called logisticians. In the Roman Empire, logisticians were employees who were involved in the vital activity of distributing food. Subsequently, in Byzantium and other countries, logistics began to be used mainly in military affairs to provide troops with material resources. It was in military affairs, where clarity, efficiency, consistency and uninterrupted supply of ammunition and food are so important, that concepts were formed

12 12 logistics as a science. The first theoretical works on logistics as a military science belong to Antoine Henri Jomini (). The active use of logistics during the Second World War as a science of planning and managing the movement and logistics of troops showed its enormous capabilities, so in the 1950s, logistics began to penetrate from the military sphere into the business sphere. The following stages can be distinguished in the development of logistics as an economic science. Stage 1. The formation of logistics (until the 1950s) The initial application of logistics was limited to the delivery of materials to supply enterprises with them, so its scope was warehousing and transport. Here, the principles of logistics were used for interconnection and coordination of warehouse and transport flows. The foundations were laid for an approach to managing flows across multiple plants. As a result, an economic effect was obtained from cost reduction. On this basis, the concept of total costs was formed (see “The Concept of Total Costs”), the meaning of which is as follows: it is possible to redistribute costs between economic entities in order to ensure a reduction in their total volume, despite a possible increase in the costs of individual structures. At this stage, due attention has not yet been paid to the needs of end consumers; optimization of flows was limited to individual sections of their movement. Stage 2. Development of logistics (years) The scope of logistics has expanded; it has increasingly begun to be used to optimize connections between enterprises. For example, product packaging is developed by the manufacturer taking into account the efficient use of transport at all stages of product movement. This approach led to the development of the concept of trade-offs (see “The concept of trade-offs”). In the 1970s, logistics production systems “Just in time”, “Kanban”, MRP, DRP appeared, solving the problems of reducing inventories, improving the use of equipment, and on-time delivery of orders. The development of marketing has made it possible to clarify the goal of logistics optimization to meet the requirements of end consumers, so more and more attention has been paid to service, primarily to the service of product supply and the entire distribution sphere. The concept of total quality management emerged (see “The concept of total quality management”). Stage 3. Integral development of logistics (since the 1990s) The main point of the integral development of logistics is to optimize the management of not only material, but also all other types of economic flows (financial, information, labor, service) at all stages of their movement ( supply, production, distribution, consumption). In this case, not only economic parameters of optimization are taken into account, but also social, environmental, and political ones. The criterion of profit maximization is replaced by the criterion of the optimal balance of benefits and costs. The rapid implementation of logistics achievements into practice has become possible thanks to the development of information technology. For example, the development of electronic data interchange allows supply chain participants to receive information from partners in real time. Information in electronic form has become the most important component of business.

13 13 In the modern market, only companies that provide consumers with a unique set of services can operate effectively. In this regard, logistics is developing as a field of activity that ensures improved quality and availability of services. Logistics contributes to the development of partnerships with suppliers and consumers, strengthening supply chains on this basis. The Russian book market has gone from formation to fairly rapid saturation with book goods and services. Increasing competition in the book market contributes to the rapid development of logistics. Publishers and booksellers have realized the need to improve the level of service at all stages of book promotion, so in the book business there is a need and opportunity for accelerated development of logistics both as a science, as a practical activity, and as a market infrastructure (logistics providers). Stages of development of logistics in a book business enterprise When introducing the principles and methods of logistics into the work of a book business enterprise, it is necessary to take into account the stages that this process usually goes through. They largely correspond to the stages of development of logistics (see Emergence and stages of development of logistics): The first stage of logistics covers the storage and transportation of goods. The goal is to reduce the cost of maintaining inventory. The second stage adds order processing and customer service. The goal is to reduce costs not only for maintaining inventory, but also for preparing it for sale. The third stage adds sales forecasting based on real-time accounting of sales of book goods. The goal is to minimize inventory without reducing the level of service due to the lack of a required product on sale. The fourth stage is the introduction of an integrated logistics system, covering the entire process from receiving a consumer order to selling the product. The introduction of logistics principles into the company's activities gives a significant effect, which is expressed in the following: reduction of inventories of book goods; reduction of lead time for customer orders (wholesale and retail); reduction of transport costs; reduction of labor costs; reducing the number of errors in fulfilling customer orders. It must be emphasized that the introduction of logistics at a book publishing enterprise is impossible without improving interaction with partners. For example, reducing inventory of goods by optimizing the delivery schedule requires appropriate agreements with suppliers. The purpose of logistics The purpose of logistics is to optimize the movement of economic flows. Accordingly, the goal of book business logistics is to optimize movement

14 14 flows of publishing products and other related flows moving within and between book business enterprises. Optimization is understood as moving towards a more perfect solution to a problem, a better course of action, minimal losses, in order to most fully satisfy consumer requirements. Optimization of flow movement occurs in accordance with the “Seven H” rule. This rule states: to ensure the availability of the right resource in the right quantity, in the right quality, in the right place, at the right time, for the right consumer, at the best (optimal) cost. Such optimization will allow all participants in internal and external supply chains to work harmoniously and fulfill obligations to their customers in a timely manner and in full. Let's illustrate this with an example. Buyers, when purchasing goods, pay attention not only to their quality, but also to the quality of the purchase. For example, when buying a book, they evaluate its content and printing performance. But whether a bookstore visitor buys a book or not depends on the availability of the book he needs on sale and the comfort of making a purchase, which largely depends on logistics. The logistician must strive to ensure that, in the perception of each buyer, the value of the product he purchased significantly exceeds the acquisition costs incurred (not only financial, but also temporary, psychological, physical) 1. Novelty of logistics Logistics as an economic science arose in response to the increased speed of change occurring in the social environment. Increased speeds are reflected in the new concept of "economic flow", which reflects the continuous, interpenetrating, merging changes that constantly occur in business. The flow category has become the basic category for logistics. In addition to accelerating change, an equally important aspect of modern business is the increasing complexity of relationships with suppliers and customers. The interests of different enterprises are different, but in a civilized society there is no other way of interaction other than the coordination of interests and actions. The novelty of logistics lies in the fact that all processes working to satisfy customer needs are considered as one whole, united by the concept of flow. With the traditional approach, the management of each enterprise or its structural unit through which the flow passes is carried out separately and the task of managing end-to-end flow is not set. In this case, individual improvements that some enterprise (division) is achieving at its stage of flow movement may not be developed and may be destroyed. Therefore, it often happens that the resulting indicators of the flow of publishing products (cost, quality, assortment, etc.) at the point of receipt of it to the consumer (at retail sales) add up randomly and are therefore far from what the buyer requires. With the logistics approach, a supply chain is built that coordinates the actions of different enterprises (divisions) participating in the flow of goods (services) from the origin of the idea of ​​a product to its production, distribution, and sale to consumers. That is, end-to-end flow management is being built. 1 Waters D. Logistics: Supply Chain Management: Trans. from English M.: UNITY-DANA, P. 128.

15 15 In the book business, the movement begins with the idea of ​​a book and goes through the following stages: the author’s work on the manuscript, publishing preparation of the author’s original for printing, printing of the circulation, distribution of the circulation to retail outlets, sale of book goods to end consumers. When moving, the type of the main material flow (publishing products) changes: the concept of the work materializes into the author's original, then it turns into a publishing original layout, then into a circulation, then the circulation becomes an integral part of the publishing, bookselling (wholesale and retail) assortment, and finally , the book purchased by the buyer becomes part of his personal library. In some cases, a return flow is possible: from the library to the retail book trade as a second-hand book product. Logistics in the book business considers all these stages in interconnection in order to ensure the movement of books through all stages to consumers with those characteristics that will ensure the most complete satisfaction of demand. The chain of creation and delivery of books to consumers involves the movement of not only material flow, but also other types of flows necessary for the production of books and their sale. The main ones are flows of information, financial, and labor resources. Logistics must ensure the coordination of the movement of all types of flows so that they work best to meet the needs of customers for book goods. Structure of logistics The development of logistics as a science and as a practical activity leads to the identification of separate functional areas and directions within it, which are built into a single system. According to the scale of the problems being developed, logistics is divided into the following levels: macrologistics (management of external supply chains) studies and manages the movement of economic flows, from sources of raw materials to the final consumption of goods; micrologistics (internal supply chain management) theory and practice of managing economic flows within a company (from the purchase of resources to the sale of finished products). In accordance with the stages of the production cycle, the following functional areas of logistics are distinguished: purchasing, production, distribution. These functional areas can be considered in more detail, then within each of them the following areas of logistics are distinguished: warehouse, inventory management, customs, pricing logistics, etc. Transport and warehouse logistics are the most developed and independent in nature today. Recently, developments have appeared devoted to the logistics of return flows, i.e. flows returning from the sphere of consumption. First of all, these are items that can be reused, i.e. again become goods (in the book industry, second-hand books). There are publications on household logistics, they discuss the issues of forming household supplies (in the book business of home libraries), the use of personal transport for shopping, etc. The division of logistics into functional areas is quite arbitrary, undertaken for the convenience of studying logistics processes, since the main The idea of ​​logistics is the end-to-end and continuous management of economic flows.

16 16 Any type of business includes all stages of the reproduction cycle (purchases, production, sales), so the enterprise can be represented as a flow system: the entry of the required resources from outside into the internal system of the enterprise; internal processes, as a result of which incoming resources are transformed into flows of finished products; release of finished products to the external environment and delivery to consumers. The publishing house takes the place of the manufacturer of book goods in the supply chain. However, its activities also include procurement (for example, rights to publish literary works, paper, etc.), production (editorial and publishing process), and distribution of finished products. A bookstore belongs to the sphere of distribution logistics, if we consider its place in the chain of movement of books to customers. However, this enterprise will also perform the entire range of logistics functions: purchase of goods, production of services, and sales. Based on the types of logistics flows, the following areas of logistics are distinguished: material (more often understood as transport and warehouse), service (service flows), information, financial, personnel. Within each of these areas, all stages of the movement of a specific type of flow in the supply chain are studied. The need to use logistics in the book business The rapid development of logistics is due to the fact that this science is at the center of modern problems of Russian business. These problems cannot be solved without the interaction of logistics partners in the end-to-end management of material and other flows throughout their movement, as well as without increasing labor productivity by coordinating the actions of internal divisions of companies. The main directions for the development of the book market in our country are improving the quality of customer service, expanding the offered range of book products while reducing the average circulation of publications. These trends are driving up costs in both production and distribution. In order for books to remain affordable for the majority of the population, it is necessary to look for ways to reduce these costs. Logistics can and should help here. According to studies conducted by the United Nations Economic and Social Council, about 98% of the total time is spent passing products through various supply and distribution channels. Direct production of goods takes only 2% of the total time. This leads to the fact that up to 70% of the price of a product reaching the final consumer is the cost of transportation, storage, sale, etc. Approximately the same situation is typical for the book business. It is becoming increasingly difficult to curb the rise in prices for book products by reducing the costs of their production (author's fees, costs of editorial and publishing activities, production of copies, etc.). At the same time, there are significant reserves for price reductions in the retail and wholesale sectors.

17 17 There is an opinion that compliance by publishing houses with the rules of design of book products, electronic data exchange, as well as effectively operating bookselling technologies can reduce non-production costs by half. This is not easy to achieve and poses challenges for effective collaboration and interaction between booksellers and publishers. However, many subjects of the book market have not yet realized that at the present stage of development, publishers and booksellers are “doomed” to jointly create an industry information system, develop and comply with general rules for the exchange of information, and seek and apply other logistics means and methods of reducing costs. Effective implementation of logistics is impossible without the use of computer technology and information technology. Logistics management involves a huge amount of data. Expanding the capabilities of computer systems allows, for example, to track the movement of goods in real time, simulate the logistics process, use mathematical tools to forecast demand, make optimal logistics decisions, etc. The need to introduce logistics in the book business is also associated with the constant increase in requirements for the quality of customer service, which is typical for the “buyer’s market”, when they have the opportunity to choose the level of service from those offered by different enterprises that best suits them. You can operate successfully in such a market by improving the quality and offering new types of book products or increasing the level of service. In a developed market, any new technology and types of goods become available to competitors, which leads to a relative equalization of prices and consumer characteristics of products. In this regard, increasing competitiveness by expanding the list of services provided and bringing them in line with consumer demands is becoming increasingly effective. Logistics is called upon to develop ways to adapt the activities of enterprises to the desires of consumers. For successful development in conditions of increased competition, it is necessary not only to respond more accurately to consumer requests, but also to do it faster. The modern book market is characterized by increased dynamism: demand is changing, production times for publishing products are accelerating, and their lifespan is shortening. The time factor is becoming increasingly important. All this makes it necessary to use logistics to reduce the time it takes for book flows to reach buyers. Standard bibliographic description, ISBN, barcode, electronic invoices without these elements today it is impossible to build the logistics of the trading process. As a result of their use, all participants in the distribution of goods receive the effect of accelerated sales, which not only ensures an increase in profits from increasing the speed of circulation of financial resources, but also reduces the risk of obsolescence of book products. The development and application of logistics in the book business should be aimed at solving the problem of increasing the physical availability of book goods for buyers, so that residents of all regions of Russia have the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the widest possible range of book goods and choose the book they need. There is a whole range of logistical problems associated with the quantitative development of a network of bookstores in the regions and the expansion of the books they offer. It is in the direction of increasing sales in the province that the book trade will develop in the coming years.

18 18 Efficiency of logistics The level of sales of book products and customer service is largely determined by how effective the logistics of a book business enterprise are. The efficiency of logistics can be assessed using the following main indicators: delivery time - the period of time between the dates of receipt and completion of an order for book products. The most competitive organization in the book market will be the one that guarantees a shorter delivery time than its competitors; commitment (accuracy) of delivery; exact compliance by the supplier with delivery deadlines agreed with partners. Commitment is a measure of the supplier's reliability and customers' trust in him; quality of supplies - the share of orders completed in full compliance (flawlessly) with customer requirements; readiness for delivery, the ability to quickly respond to an order and confirm its completion in accordance with the wishes of the client; information readiness - the ability of the enterprise to provide all information requested by the buyer about the goods supplied to him and about the progress of the order; flexibility - the willingness of the enterprise to fulfill changes made by the client to a previously accepted order. Logistics thinking In order to operate successfully in modern business, managers and specialists must not only know and apply in practice individual achievements of logistics, but also have logistics thinking. Logistics thinking is thinking in terms and categories of improving the movement of flows, managing the interaction of participants in this movement, coordinating their interests, and focusing on the common final goal of the logistics system. As the market economy develops in Russia, the need for logistics thinking among book business managers and specialists will increase. This fact is emphasized by prominent foreign researchers D.J. Bowersox and D.J. Kloss: “The role and importance of logistics in modern business has increased so much, and it itself has become such a promising, albeit complex, area of ​​business success and professional growth that it has become It would be very short-sighted not to try to master it today. For today's managers and entrepreneurs, studying logistics and introducing the principles of logistics management in their companies is not just a tribute to fashion, it is a necessary condition for survival in modern competition.” 2. This statement fully applies to the field of book publishing. Due to the youth of logistics and the complexity of the formation of logistics thinking, the Russian book industry is only at the beginning of the implementation of logistics achievements. And here we are not too far behind our foreign colleagues. For example, Peter Drucker described logistics as “the dark continent of economics,” “the most neglected, but also the most promising area of ​​​​business” 3. 2 Bowersox D.J., Kloss D.J. Logistics: integrated supply chain: Per. from English M.: ZAO "Olymp-Business", S. Drucker P.F. Management practice: Trans. from English M.: Williams, S. 115.

19 19 To introduce the achievements of logistics into the book business, it is necessary to have qualified logisticians who are carriers of logistics thinking (see “Manager-logistician of a book business enterprise”). Logistics Manager of a Book Business Enterprise A certified logistician is still a rare phenomenon in publishing and bookselling companies. What requirements must this specialist meet? To successfully perform any activity, an employee needs three components: abilities (knowledge, experience, competence) capabilities (technical, technological, etc. support); desire (motivation, team atmosphere). This set of requirements fully applies to logistics managers. A good logistician, combining these three components, acts as a coordinator of various activities both inside and outside his company. While improving the flow of resources in order to most fully satisfy consumer demand for book products, it must reduce the following six types of losses: overproduction, waste of equipment and workers, unnecessary movements of objects, excess inventories, unnecessary operations and defects. One of the important abilities of a logistician is to identify and eliminate “bottlenecks” or processes that have insufficient productivity and do not allow the full use of available resources. Eliminating a bottleneck allows you to increase the throughput of the entire external or internal supply chain (see “External Supply Chain Management” and “Internal Supply Chain Management”). A logistics manager is not a controller who strictly monitors the execution of operations and looks for shortcomings. This is a person who is constantly looking for opportunities to coordinate the interests of various groups of employees, developing the creative potential of employees. Logistics managers have two areas of activity: managing internal and external supply chains (see “Purpose and structure of supply chain management”), according to this they must ensure the fulfillment of two main goals: 1. Organize the flow of resources for your company from suppliers, within it (between structural divisions) and from it to consumers, achieving the highest possible efficiency. 2. To ensure that the efficiency of economic flows is achieved throughout the entire supply chain from suppliers of raw materials to final consumers of finished products (in the book business, from author to reader). By connecting internal boundaries between departments, the logistician is called upon to regulate the contradictions between the goals of individual structures and the general goals of the enterprise, smooth out conflicts and enhance the consistency of actions. This approach gives rise to serious problems, since most organizations have a functional structure (companies have divisions for purchasing, production, sales, etc.), which implies a division of responsibility 4. It is not for nothing that the word “logistics” is close to the word “logic”. Today, there is an increasingly clear trend towards positioning logistics as the logic of business 4 Christopher M. Logistics and supply chain management. How to reduce costs and improve customer service: Per. from English St. Petersburg: Peter, p. 217.

20 20 sa. A modern specialist must have logistical thinking (see “Logistical Thinking”), and a logistician in the book business must have a “synergy of knowledge” between book business and logistics. To do this, you need to have not only the appropriate education, but also professional and life experience, which does not come immediately. Professional training plays an important role in the formation of a logistics manager (see “Training of book business logisticians”). Training of book business logisticians The problem of training specialists in the field of logistics for book business enterprises is being solved at the Moscow State University of Printing Arts at the Faculty of Publishing and Journalism. Here students can receive higher education in the field of book business with a specialty in “Book Distribution,” which provides for the possibility of students receiving a specialization in “Logistics.” The specialization involves the study by fourth and fifth year students of four disciplines: “Logistics Management”, “Theory and Methods of Logistics Research”, “Information Logistics”, “Logistics Project Management” 5. During the training of specialization disciplines, the following tasks are solved: to cultivate logistical thinking through mastering business concepts and modern information technologies; identify each student and provide the opportunity to develop individual professional interests and inclinations; train logistics skills using specific situations from the experience of real enterprises. Several graduating students of the Logistics specialization prepared and defended their diploma projects. Let us name some of their topics in order to show possible promising problems of logistics research in the book business, as well as the areas of application of logistics in bookselling and publishing organizations: Information logistics in servicing corporate clients; Assortment logistics in chain bookstores; Design of the business process “working with new products”; Information logistics at the seller’s workplace; Improving the business process of supplying publishing products to stores; Development of a logistics system for pre-orders; Non-book exhibitions in the logistics system of book promotion by publishing houses; Improving the interaction of managers at different levels based on the principles of logistics; Electronic tools in the logistics information system of a bookstore. A book business logistician must master two areas of professional activity: managing the movement of flows of various types within book business organizations, i.e. on improving the interaction of structural divisions of enterprises, building internal logistics chains; management of flows moving through book publishing enterprises participating in the chain of bringing a book from the author to the buyer. Here it is necessary to solve the problems of interaction between publishing, printing and bookselling enterprises. Let's call 5 Krylova M.D. Training: book logistician // Book Review P.10; Krylova M.D. Logistician of the book business: who is he and where is he from? // Bookselling newspaper: Information-analytical. edition S.10.

21 21 are just some of the problems that exist at this level: improving information exchange, developing complexes of services provided by some participants in the chains to others.

22 22 Basic concepts of logistics Economic flow Logistics as a science and as a practical activity has as its object economic flows, i.e. flows that are associated with economic activity. The main distinctive feature of economic flows is that they arise as a result of conscious, purposeful activities of people. Economic flow is the enterprise's own and attracted resources (material, information, personnel, financial, etc.), considered in the process of changes and movements carried out to achieve the goals of the enterprise. Constantly repeating processes of resource consumption during the production of products (services) and the delivery of manufactured products to buyers require a constantly renewed movement of economic flows. We can say that an enterprise is a set of organized, interacting flows of all types of resources in a certain way. There is a fairly detailed classification of economic flows, which is summarized in a table for clarity. Classification of economic flows Table 1 Classification characteristics Relation to the logistics system under consideration Direction of movement Scale Continuity Regularity Stability Types of flows External (flowing in the external environment), internal (formed as a result of logistics operations within the logistics system) Input (coming from the external environment), output ( coming from the logistics system to the external environment) Massive, large, medium, small Continuous, discrete Deterministic, stochastic (irregular) Stable, unstable Nature of movement Uniform, uneven flow elements Periodicity Degree of complexity Controllability Periodic, non-periodic Simple (consisting of objects of the same type) and complex (uniting heterogeneous objects) Controlled, uncontrollable The economic flow has such characteristics as the number of constituent elements, the starting and ending points of movement, the route of movement, speed, time, traffic intensity, etc.

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01.12.2010

Logistics in the book business. Status and problems

Report at the conference of the Moscow Chamber of Commerce and Industry
“Current issues of innovative logistics”
December 01, 2010

LOGISTICS IN BOOK BUSINESS: FORMULATING THE PROBLEM

Logistics in the 21st century plays a huge role in organizing and optimizing activities at all levels, starting from the specialist’s workplace and covering the interactions of the structures of economic cluster systems on a global scale. For modern business, logistics is becoming a vital element of managing flows, making it possible to deliver to consumers at a certain time and place, in the right quantity and quality, the necessary publishing products that are produced both in Russia and in other countries of the world. In this case, logistics covers not only the distribution of goods, but also the management of information and service financial personnel flows. Moreover, in unstable market conditions it is necessary to constantly improve business processes, describing and building them taking into account ISO 9000 standards. However, in Russian book companies the level of application of logistics principles is not yet high enough. In this regard, the question arises: is there an organization in Russia that carries out the logistics construction of a turnkey enterprise?

The formation or transfer of Russian business to the modern information revolution forces entrepreneurs to think about uniform standards in order not to miss the opportunity to “fit in” with the global trend of standardization development, which makes it possible to transfer relationships to a higher quality level, quickly and efficiently create various types of information platforms, receive and transmit content in compliance with copyright. In this regard, there is one “hiccup”: in connection with the introduction of the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation”, the GOST System of Standards for Information, Library and Publishing are of a recommendatory nature, while regulations for the book industry have not been created. Moreover, the transition of the book industry to the global digital space requires the establishment of uniform international rules and norms for the design of imprint information on the title elements of publications and digital content. This also requires the formation of a mechanism for constantly improving electronic data exchange standards to correctly display information about publications exchanged between book market participants in any format and in any language.

Today there is practically no tool that allows foreign entrepreneurs to read various Russian publishing offers. Transliteration allows you to graphically transfer the text of one alphabet system to another, that is, Russian letters can automatically change to English, but this makes it possible to exchange messages, but not process data.

Currently, there is still such a problem as the formation of clusters. Firstly, the construction of cluster systems turns out to be problematic due to the fact that the introduction of new technologies at an enterprise of the old “formation” causes serious difficulties, which entail a decrease in the efficiency and reliability of this type of activity. In other words, re-equipment and transition to another information technology level require the involvement of specialists aimed not at designing in the old “way of life”, but at developing corporate relations and building a modern enterprise based on more advanced technological chains capable of absorbing innovative technologies. Secondly, in the Russian book business there is not enough experience in creating cluster systems aimed at producing and bringing publishing products to consumers. The Guild of Book Writers and the Biblio-Globus Trading House are attempting to create a similar plan for a cluster association of enterprises on a contractual basis. At this stage, a unified system of management, knowledge and technology exchange can make it possible to build a cluster structure matrix, and regulation and standardization can improve processes and interactions. So, step by step, the Trading House, together with the Moscow State University of Printing Arts, is developing a fundamental project to describe all the business processes of a bookselling enterprise, both internal and external, both interaction with publishers and customers. Conventionally, this can be called a kind of “prelude” to the transition to ISO 9000, which makes it possible not only to optimize activities and reduce costs, but also to correctly build functionality, create “transparency” in relationships and openness of information systems.

As we can see, the effectiveness of a cluster system, especially on an industry scale, is associated with the “transparency” of business, with the results of constant monitoring of the state of information flows and data from relevant marketing research, which allows us to see what is happening in the movement of commodity mass and cash. Unfortunately, in Russia there is no objective analytical data on the state of the book market, there is no analysis of sales dynamics that would allow publishers to produce the literature that consumers need, and bookselling enterprises to make sales forecasts and correctly formulate their assortment. Therefore, the success of publishing projects largely depends on the intuition of the publisher and book distributor, which, in turn, requires highly qualified specialists.

In the book business, problems associated with administrative barriers, tax pressure, imperfect reporting systems, legal regulation of business, customs clearance of cargo still remain unresolved... Of course, all this increases costs and slows down the movement of goods throughout Russia and other countries of the world. And these are just some of the points that interfere with transparent business building. Therefore, if you do not improve the quality of services (which is the foundation of any business), if you do not build the logistics of the publishing and trading process with the creation of an information platform based on a unified communication format, then small and medium-sized businesses will sooner or later face serious problems that will put enterprises on the brink of survival .

LOGISTICS IN THE RELATIONSHIP OF THEORY AND PRACTICE

To what extent has logistics entered our modern life? Is it present in all areas of life? How is it combined in the “palette” of science and production? Does it build relationships in society and the business community? Today we have no regulations in relationships with partners. There is no corporate code governing interactions in the real and digital world. But there is an agreement that, from a legal point of view, prescribes the rights and obligations of the parties. Unfortunately, it does not cover the entire spectrum of relationships between partners, does not allow you to “get to know” each other and does not free you from “extra” paperwork.

LOGISTICS CLUB

Probably, when we talk about “recognition” of each other, about the capabilities of certain logistics centers, about the services and products offered, we need an interactive logistics platform that allows us to find the most successful proposals for organizing and improving business, building supply chains, forming cluster systems and etc. Perhaps, such a platform will help to form a code based on standardization, which will give us the opportunity to improve everything that is imperfect, to promote logistics in the book business.

Tags: integrated logistics, ISO 9001:2008
Authors):

Introduction. 2
Chapter 1.4
Chapter 2. 18
Conclusions... 26
References.. 27

Introduction

Relevance of the topic. In modern competition in the book market, the issues of saturating the book business with flows of information and managing these flows are of decisive importance. The effective movement of information flows at the level of enterprises in the book industry is ensured by logistics information systems.
The purpose of this test is to analyze information logistics in the Moscow House of Books.
Brief description of the activities of the research object
The state unitary enterprise of the city of Moscow "United Center "Moscow House of Books" (SUE "OC "MDK") was created in 1998 by the Decree of the Government of the city of Moscow, in order to financially improve thirty-four bookselling organizations and improve their financial, economic, material, technical, technological and management processes.
Today, the Moscow House of Books is the only multi-structured retail bookselling network in Russia, uniting 38 bookstores concentrated in one city, and one of the most dynamically developing structures of the Russian book market.
The product range of the Moscow House of Books includes more than 75 thousand titles of books and more than 20 thousand stationery products; the annual retail turnover averages about two billion rubles. Every day, 70 thousand people shop in the chain’s stores. The total sales volume of the association amounts to more than 25 million books a year and about 7 million units of stationery. In terms of the number of goods sold, the company is the largest store in Europe.
Throughout the entire trading network of the Moscow House of Books there is a single financial, commercial and technological mechanism, the latest computer and trading technologies, a self-service system and a unified reference and bibliographic system have been introduced. The chain stores employ about two thousand people. A system of social support for personnel has been developed, and a corporate publication is published.
“The Moscow House of Books chain of stores is fully aware of the social responsibility of business to society and constantly, through the annual holding of various events in the chain of bookstores, draws the attention of the public and government authorities to the need to stimulate interest in books as an important component of the formation of a worldview.

Effective logistics management of all types of flows (material, financial, service, personnel) is impossible without complete and timely information on the movement of goods and other types of resources.
Information is new information that can be used by a person to improve activities and expand knowledge.
Possession of timely and high-quality information allows you to reduce the need for resources (material, personnel, financial, etc.) and use them more efficiently. Information increases the flexibility and resilience of logistics systems. The success of a company depends on the ability of its managers and employees at all levels to make the right decisions. You can make the right decision only if you have enough information.
The object of study in logistics is flows, and in information logistics - information flows.
Information flow is a set of information emerging and circulating within the logistics system or between the logistics system and the external environment, necessary to perform logistics operations and to monitor their progress, i.e. for control actions.
An information flow arises either as a result of the movement of one or another material flow, or, conversely, it can be the cause of the emergence of a corresponding material flow (for example, information about concluding a supply contract).
Rational organization of information flows and their computerization can significantly increase the efficiency of the movement of material and other types of resources and their use in business activities. Without new methods of information support for commodity distribution management processes, it is impossible to increase the efficiency of the goods circulation process. Optimization of information flows comes to the fore in modern business. Any logistics system must have sufficient information support, and each of its employees must have experience in its rapid and rational use.
Information logistics studies information flows and methods of using them for logistics management. The use of methods and methods for optimizing information flows developed by information logistics in practical activities should ensure the creation and operation of information logistics systems that manage the production of information, its movement and delivery to consumers with minimal costs while maximizing their needs for information.
Information logistics in the book business is a section of logistics that studies the optimization of information flows sent and received by book business enterprises from book consumers and supply chain partners, as well as intra-company information flows.
The goal of information logistics is to manage information flows to provide “internal” (managers and employees of the enterprise) and “external” (customers, partners) clients with the opportunity to receive the information they need for decision-making in accordance with the “seven N” logistics rule.
Optimization of information flows is based on basic logistics principles: total costs, compromises, consistency, integration, total quality management.
Information logistics is designed to provide necessary and sufficient information flows to all participants in the logistics chain for the movement of book products at all levels of logistics process management. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure simplification and unification of information flow operations, which makes it possible to speed up their implementation while reducing costs.
The main characteristics of information flows are:
· volume (for example, the number of documents transmitted or processed, document lines, etc.);
· Input and output information flows
Decision making system
Decision support system
LOGISTICS CYCLE OF THE COMPANY
Purchasing Production Distribution
Horizontal flows of information
Vertical information flows
direction of movement (Fig. 1.1): external and internal in relation to the logistics system; entrance and exit; horizontal (between systems of the same level) and vertical (between systems of different levels).

Rice. 1.1 Types of logistics information flows in the direction of movement
Horizontal flows exist between structural divisions of a company or between enterprises that are equal business partners. They are not related to the transfer of information to governing bodies or from them to performers. Horizontal flows are characterized by the sharing of information. At the same time, hiding some information from competitors or specially distributing it at the right time is a natural phenomenon in the market environment.
Vertical flows are usually associated with control actions and reporting on their execution. The information contained in these streams changes as it moves up or down hierarchical structures. As information passes upward, it is generalized and summarized. When moving down, only that part of the information is transmitted that is considered necessary for the performers of specific operations or functions.
External information flows exist in an environment external to the logistics system. They determine the interaction of the enterprise with economic and political entities: clients, competitors, authorities, etc. The company must constantly monitor the state of the external environment: market conditions, economic, legal, social and other factors.
Internal flows are formed by the functional structure of the enterprise, i.e. functions and operations performed by departments. Internal and external information flows constitute the firm's information resources.
One of the main tasks of logistics is the coordination of material and information flows. High-quality information support for logistics processes allows you to replace stocks of material and other resources with reliable and timely information. For example, receiving customer orders through an electronic data interchange system can reduce overall order fulfillment time, even using slower transport (which reduces overall costs).
As was shown in, inventory is a means of smoothing out the uncertainty of demand and other parameters of the external and internal environment. Maintaining inventory requires considerable costs. Improving information logistics and using modern information technologies can reduce uncertainty through more accurate and timely control over factors of the external and internal environment. Many book publishing enterprises already have information systems in place that make it possible to register sales of goods at the time they are made and in real time transmit data on the demand and needs for goods to all interested participants in the goods distribution process.
Leading book publishing enterprises have information systems that allow them to monitor the uninterrupted operation of logistics processes in real time, which gives them the opportunity to quickly detect not only existing but also potential disruptions in flows and correct them before they affect the quality of customer service. In cases where timely corrections are not possible, the company must at least warn the client in advance about possible failures and offer him alternative options that partially or completely eliminate the occurrence of failures in the client’s logistics process.
Minimizing uncertainty in the company's activities is the main goal of the enterprise's information logistics system.
Incorrect or untimely information can cause great damage. For example, a delay in the receipt or processing of information about goods delivered to a bookstore can disrupt the normal operation of the receiving department, cause vehicle downtime and ultimately slow down the movement of book products in the supply chain. The material flow should not be ahead of the corresponding information flow. The preferable situation is when information is ahead of the material flow, which makes it possible to more effectively organize work with book products.
Thus, information flows have a decisive influence on the dynamism of processes in the logistics system. The quality of the information system allows you to effectively solve many problems of purchasing, production, transportation, and distribution of book products. Consequently, information logistics permeates all functional areas of logistics in the book business, as well as its sections (service, personnel, financial).
Intense flows of information pass through each link in the logistics chain for the movement of book goods, which is associated with the large number of names of book goods available on the market, the complexity of their descriptions, rapid changes in supply and demand, etc. In order to effectively manage the movement of book products and maximally satisfy the needs of its consumers, it is necessary at any time to have data on the future, current and past assortment of input, internal and output flows of book products. Consequently, it is necessary to constantly produce and consume information adequate to material flows. Table 1.1 provides a comparison of the main stages of logistics processes for the movement of material and information flows.
Table 1.1
The main stages of the movement of material and information flows
System name
Supplier company in Russia
For large enterprises
R/3
SAP CIS
Baan
Alpha Integrator Vaan Eurasia
Oracle Application
Oracle CIS
For medium and small enterprises
SyteLine
Socap
Platinum ERA
Platinum Software
Galaxy
Galaxy
Parus 8.0
Sail
1C-Enterprise 7.7
1C

In order to effectively manage material flows, it is necessary to collect operational information about the movement of resources and goods that make up these flows.
At the data collection stage, it is necessary to ensure the reliability, completeness and timeliness of receipt of primary information.
Computer technologies are used at all stages of information flow (collection, processing, distribution). This makes it possible to create effective logistics information systems both on an enterprise scale (micrologistics) and at the level of the book industry (macrologistics).
In the book business, there must be close information connections between the links in the logistics chain for the movement of book products from manufacturers (publishers) through the book trade to consumers (buyers). Only in the presence of a well-functioning industry system of information flow will the interconnectedness of the actions of individual subjects of the book market be ensured, and, consequently, the movement of material flows of book goods will be optimized.
Effective exchange of information opens up wide opportunities for joint forecasting by publishing houses, bookselling organizations and libraries of demand, planning actions to satisfy it, monitoring the flow of goods, etc. Increasing the predictability of the book market and reducing the level of uncertainty of events help achieve stable development of publishing and bookselling activities. Information logistics helps publishers and booksellers survive the competition.
Each book publishing enterprise is both a source and consumer of information. The goal of information logistics at the macro level (industry level) is to provide each participant in the book market with the opportunity at any time, at minimal cost, to disseminate business proposals about their goods and services, needs for cooperation, as widely as possible, as well as the opportunity to receive responses to their proposals and counter-proposals from business partners.
The main problem of information logistics in the book business is to provide all subjects of the book market with timely, reliable and complete information about publications being prepared for release and those available for sale. Russian book publishers want as many people as possible to know about their books, so that the books quickly find their readers, no matter where they live, and so that there are many readers of the books. In solving this problem, publishers are helped by booksellers who, in order to successfully conduct the book trade, are interested in obtaining promising information about upcoming books, as well as complete information about the publications available on the book market.
The modern book market is influenced by a general global trend - ever more complete consideration of the individual needs of buyers. This is reflected in an increase in the number of titles produced and offered on the book market while at the same time reducing average circulations. Both publishers and booksellers strive to target their publications and bookselling services to the specific interests of limited groups of consumers.
Individualization of consumer service and the increasing saturation of the book market, leading to the formation of a “buyer’s market,” are changing the nature of information relations between publishing and bookselling enterprises. Subjects of the book market are clearly aware: only by building effective information flows between producers, distributors and consumers of book products can we count on the fact that published books will find their buyers, i.e. will be in demand by society.
The period of development of the book business, which was characterized by disunity, is coming to an end: each company, each entrepreneur built its own technology, including information technology, developed its own computer programs, its own system of information and analytical work.
For today, and even more so tomorrow, the development and implementation of the concept of industry informatization is becoming relevant. Information logistics at the level of the book industry involves the development of standards for data exchange between subjects of the book market, the creation and development of national systems for collecting, storing and bringing to users bibliographic information about publications: planned for release; available on the book market; existing in the form of original layouts, which ensures quick reprinting of the circulation. Thus, a unified information space should be created in the industry, providing complete and objective information about products at all stages of their promotion from planning to sale.
A unified information space in the book industry involves the use by all subjects of the book market of such components as:
· unified standard for bibliographic description of book products;
· ISBN (International Standard Book Number);
· barcodes;
· national databases of information on promising publications (depository of bibliographic descriptions) and on publications available on the market (“Books in Print” - “Books in stock and in print”);
· classification of books (based on the Universal Decimal Classification - UDC - or other world classification);
· a unified format for electronic data exchange in book publishing.
The absence or incorrect indication of the necessary data hinders the introduction of modern bookselling technologies. Bookselling enterprises that use modern computer information systems are forced to have their own divisions for the bibliographic description of books, create databases, and pre-sale preparation services. All this increases the cost and slows down the process of bringing book goods to consumers.
The “Books in stock and print” system has not yet become a national information system with the help of which a bookseller could find and order from a supplier any book available on the book market. So far it does not have all the data on the book assortment.
There is no national system of forward-looking information on book products in the industry, and there is no unified format for electronic data exchange. The problem of classifying book goods also has not found a solution. It breaks down into two levels: interaction between industry subjects (publishers, booksellers, librarians) and access to foreign markets, which requires a unified classification; internal arrangement of publications in bookselling organizations based on the convenience of the buyer searching for books and making purchases.
The lack of a unified information space on the market gives rise to insufficient awareness among booksellers about publishing products, especially those being prepared for printing. This is one of the reasons for the slow sales or even non-sale of goods from small publishing houses, which are unable to spend significant funds on informing the book trade about their products. In addition, there is unsatisfied demand from some buyers (especially those living in remote regions of the country) for available books. Thus, in the absence of a unified information space, books of high spiritual and cultural value find it difficult to find their readers, which reduces not only the economic, but also the social efficiency of the book business.
One of the most important problems of information logistics of the book business is the organization of a system for providing booksellers and buyers with promising information about book products, i.e. books being prepared for publication. The industry's transition to market relations in the 1990s was accompanied by the refusal of publishers to publish book release plans. The struggle for buyers, the lack of fair competition, the publication of pirated publications, the incorrect repurchase of authors by some publishing houses - all this made publishers very cautious when announcing their plans. During these years, price lists became the main source of information on published books in the book market.
To supply booksellers and buyers with promising information about publications in the industry, it is planned to create an information system for collecting, storing and issuing information about book products being prepared for printing (Fig. 1.2).
Book sales and order information
Information about books available on the book market

Publishers (suppliers)
Information system “Book in stock and printing”
Bookselling organizations, libraries

Buyers

Rice. 1.2 System of forward-looking information in book publishing
This system operates as follows. Publishers submit an application for cataloging and the title page of the publication to the CIP system. The CIP department compiles the bibliographic description and classifies the book. CIP records are distributed to libraries and booksellers not only in the country, but throughout the world. After the book has been printed, the publisher sends a copy, which is used to verify the CIP records and prepare the final electronic version of the bibliographic description, which is also distributed worldwide.
It is clear that the transmission, reception and notification of the execution of orders in the “auto-order” mode, i.e. in the mode of communication between the logistics information systems of the supplier and the customer, they significantly simplify and speed up the procurement logistics processes (Fig. 1.3).
Logistics costs
Sales revenue
Profit
100%
Service level
Costs

Rice. 1.3 System of current information in book business
In addition, the development of industry information systems can go in the direction of analyzing and summarizing marketing information. Analysis of the dynamics of book sales based on data reported by bookstores will give publishers the opportunity to quickly work with book circulations, and wholesale and retail enterprises to correctly formulate their assortment. Similar systems exist in foreign countries. For example, in the UK there is a BookTrack system, which summarizes data on book sales from 1,500 of the largest bookstores. When processing and issuing information, the principle of confidentiality is observed - data is provided in a generalized form, without specifying specific stores. Using this system, a publisher or bookseller can find out data on the dynamics of sales in the country of individual book titles (about 5,000 publications), the average selling price, etc. This information makes it possible to make sales forecasts, order books more accurately and, ultimately, carry out the movement of book goods according to the logistic rule of “seven Hs”.
In the near future we can expect the emergence of similar systems that provide information on the state of the book market in Russia, but for this it is necessary to solve the problem of a unified electronic format for data exchange in the country's book business.
The problem of standardization and unification of data exchange is an important part of international information logistics. The rapid development of computer technology has contributed to the fact that information in electronic form has become an essential component of modern business. The formation of the global information space is moving towards the creation and development of systems and standards for electronic transactions and electronic communications. For the development of logistics, the creation and use in interaction between partners of electronic data interchange standards - EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) and electronic data exchange in management, trade and transport - EDIFACT (Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport) were of utmost importance. They allow you to translate data from enterprise information systems into a form understandable to the entire global community and exchange it via communication channels. In 1998, the electronic language XML was adopted as an international electronic language, which defines the rules for the compilation and structure of electronic documents, which ensures the automation of their exchange between information systems of enterprises around the world.
Currently, development is underway, based on international standards, of a unified electronic data exchange format in the book business, which will become an important component of the unified information space in the industry.
Another important direction in the development of a unified information space is the use of the principle of openness of enterprise information systems. It means that business partners can easily receive and send data to the information systems of their suppliers and customers.
Chapter 2

The Moscow House of Books, like any enterprise, is penetrated by numerous information flows. First of all, these are input flows that are formed by information received by the Moscow House of Books from the external environment: from business partners (including buyers), government agencies, and competitors. This information reflects material, financial, personnel, and service flows.
Output flows are information transmitted by a company to its customers, business partners (suppliers), as well as reporting documents to government agencies.
Levels of Management
The nature of management decisions
Strategic issues, philosophy and goals of the Moscow House of Books
Department goals, current management, logistics function
Management of logistics operations
Higher
Average
Operational
Information for strategic management
Tactical Management Information
Information for operational management
Information for fulfilling requests from buyers, suppliers, etc.
Internal flows are top-down control influences and bottom-up information about the flow of logistics processes in the company and reactions to control influences. Within an enterprise, there are also horizontal flows moving between departments or individual employees. In Figure 2.1, the logistics information system is represented by a triangle, reflecting the management levels of the Moscow House of Books.

Rice. 2.1 Logistics information system of the Moscow House of Books
The top level is the managers of the Moscow House of Books, they make decisions. At the middle level, the implementation of decisions made in the company’s activities is ensured (decision support system). At the base of the triangle there is a system for collecting, processing, storing and transmitting information about the flow of the logistics cycle of the Moscow House of Books, consisting of three main functional areas of logistics: the purchase of book products, the production of goods (services), the distribution (sales) of book products.
Information technology is a set of methods and software and hardware that ensure the collection, storage, processing, output and dissemination of information. Information technologies contribute to the efficient use of information resources, increasing their reliability and efficiency for a quick response to changes occurring in the external and internal environment and the implementation of the management process of the Moscow House of Books.
Management is a process of control actions aimed at ensuring that the actual course of logistics processes corresponds to the desired one. In the process of management, by using mainly information flows, a purposeful influence of the control system on the controlled system is carried out to achieve a certain goal.
The management system of the Moscow House of Books consists of the management object itself and the subject of management (the management apparatus of the Moscow House of Books). They are connected to each other by direct and feedback. Direct communication is expressed by the flow of management information moving from the management apparatus to the control object. Feedback is a flow of reporting information about the implementation of decisions made, going in the opposite direction.
The Moscow House of Books distinguishes the following three types of information systems in logistics:
1) Planned information systems that are created at the administrative level of management of the Moscow House of Books for making long-term decisions, namely:
· creation and optimization of supply chain links;
· production planning;
· general book inventory management;
· reserve management, etc.
2) Disposable or dispatch information systems are created at the warehouse management level of the Moscow House of Books to ensure smooth operation of the logistics system, to make decisions for the medium and long term, namely:
· management of internal warehouse transport;
· selection of cargo according to book orders and their completion;
· accounting of shipped goods;
· detailed inventory management of book products.
3) Executive information systems are created at the administrative management level of the Moscow House of Books to carry out everyday activities in real time:
· control of material flows;
· operational management of customer service;
· motion control, etc.
The planned information systems of the Moscow House of Books solve problems that connect logistics systems with the total material flow. At the same time, end-to-end planning is carried out in the “sales-production-supply” chain, which makes it possible to create an effective production organization system built on the requirements of the book market, with the issuance of the necessary requirements to the logistics system of the Moscow House of Books. In this way, planned systems seem to “link” the logistics system into the external environment, into the total material flow. The dispositive and executive systems of the Moscow House of Books detail the plans and ensure their implementation at individual production warehouses, as well as at specific workplaces.
In accordance with the logistics concept, the information systems of the Moscow House of Books, belonging to various groups, are integrated into a single IS. There are vertical and horizontal integration. Vertical integration is considered to be the connection between the planned, dispositive and executive systems through vertical information flows. A schematic diagram of vertical information flows connecting planned, dispositive and executive systems in the Moscow House of Books is shown in Figure 2.2.
Type of information system
Reporting type
Management level of the Moscow House of Books
Problems to be solved
annual report
weekly, monthly, quarterly report
daily report
planned
top management
development of strategy and tactics
achieving goals
dispositive
middle management
determining the course of action
communicating the rules
instructions, tasks
executive
direct executors
execution
instructions
processing and
grouping
primary
information

Rice. 2.2 Scheme of vertical information flows in the micrologistics system of the Moscow House of Books
Horizontal integration is considered to be the connection between individual sets of tasks in the dispositive and executive systems through horizontal information flows.
The following principles must be implemented in the logistics information system of the Moscow House of Books:
· completeness and ease of use of information for the user (provide information in the volume, at the time and in the place that best ensures the implementation of the relevant logistics functions and operations);
· accuracy and timeliness of information;
· focus on improving the quality of customer service while reducing logistics costs;
· flexibility (maximum adaptability to the requirements of all participants in the logistics process);
· the most suitable format for electronic data exchange between participants in the movement of book products (publishers, wholesale and retail bookselling enterprises, buyers).
An important requirement for the logistics information system of the Moscow House of Books is the creation of working conditions for users who do not have programming skills. Managers and specialists of the Moscow House of Books must be able to independently communicate with the information system in the language of business terms familiar to users, build data requests, select and process information.
Of particular importance is the organization of prompt exchange of information both horizontally (between structural divisions) and vertically - between managers and subordinates. The information system of the Moscow House of Books must provide information at the right time, of the required quality, and only to the “right consumers” (protection of confidential information) for them to make effective decisions. The system of movement and distribution of information is designed to ensure the organization of joint effective work and interaction of all divisions of the company. The managers of the “Moscow House of Books” must have information in a concentrated form (only the necessary data without minor details, generalized, clearly presented), but not distorted and corresponding to the tasks that are being solved at this level of management of the institution under study.
The integrated information space of the Moscow House of Books includes:
? inventory management system (accounting and control of warehouse stocks and retail sales);
? accounting system (financial management, calculation of taxes and other payments);
? marketing system (ordering goods from suppliers, analytical tasks);
? security system (security and fire alarms, television surveillance, control over the removal of goods, control of access to premises);
? communication and telecommunications system (access to remote information resources).
When building information technologies within the enterprise, the developers of the logistics information system proceeded from the fact that the Moscow House of Books is a living organism in which the information system plays the role of a nervous system, i.e. ensures the receipt, accumulation and transmission of information about the state of the Trading House’s activities and external influences to the management levels of the enterprise. Management units, reacting to information, make decisions and encourage performers to carry them out. Data is collected on the results of decisions (feedback is provided) for making new decisions. Thus, the “electronic nervous system” of the Moscow House of Books must be able to instantly respond to any changes in the surrounding world and analyze the situation, helping employees make quick and correct decisions.
When creating a subsystem for managing the movement of book goods at the Moscow House of Books, it is necessary to implement the following tasks:
· expansion of the range of books and related products offered to customers;
· increasing the efficiency of delivering publications from publishers to buyers (the efficiency of receiving and processing information, both coming from the external environment and circulating within the Moscow House of Books);
· completeness and reliability of information about book products (some publishers provide information about books incompletely or in a form that does not meet modern requirements for information exchange in the book industry, so in some cases it is necessary to verify the information or supplement it);
· increasing the efficiency of identifying and taking into account the interests of buyers (the information system should become the main means of interaction of the Moscow House of Books with both individual buyers and organizations);
· ensuring mobile adjustment of the system to the changing conditions of its functioning (the need to achieve advantages over competitors by being ahead of them in organizational, technological, information, social and other areas);
· reduction of costs for the flow of book goods in the Moscow House of Books.
conclusions

Based on the conducted research, the following main results were obtained:
1. It is substantiated that in the book business there should be close information connections between the links in the logistics chain for the movement of book products from manufacturers (publishers) through the book trade to consumers (buyers). Only in the presence of a well-functioning industry system of information flow will the interconnectedness of the actions of individual subjects of the book market be ensured, and, consequently, the movement of material flows of book goods will be optimized.
2. It was revealed that the effective exchange of information opens up wide opportunities for joint forecasting by publishing houses, bookselling organizations and libraries of demand, planning actions to satisfy it, monitoring the flow of goods, etc. Increasing the predictability of the book market and reducing the level of uncertainty of events help achieve stable development of publishing and bookselling activities. Information logistics helps publishers and booksellers survive the competition.
3. It has been determined that the Moscow House of Books, like any enterprise, is permeated by numerous information flows. First of all, these are input flows that are formed by information received by the Moscow House of Books from the external environment: from business partners, government agencies, competitors. This information reflects material, financial, personnel, and service flows.
4. The main ways to create a subsystem for managing the movement of book goods in the “Moscow House of Books” are proposed to create an effective information logistics system.
Bibliography

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Official website of the joint center "Moscow House of Books" - http://14939.ru.all-biz.info/
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