Examples of sentences with address in Russian. How the appeal is emphasized How the appeal is emphasized in a sentence
An address is a word or combination of words that in direct speech refers to the person to whom the speech is addressed. For example, Sasha go get some bread; Young friend, always be young; And you, Dasha, will you go to the cinema?
Addresses are similar to introductory words in the sense that they, like introductory words, are set off in writing by commas, but are not members of a sentence, so they are not emphasized during syntactic parsing. The appeal can be at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence. At the beginning of the sentence: Yuri, have you done your homework? In the middle of the sentence: Can you play the violin, Klava? At the end of the sentence: Why do you need a broken bicycle, Pavel?
At the beginning of a sentence, the address may be separated by a comma or an exclamation mark if the address is pronounced with a raised exclamation. You can say: Kolya, go take out the trash. But you can also say this: Kolya! go take out the trash. Unlike introductory words, addresses are not distinguished by dashes, but only by commas. After the calls there is a pause.
The appeal is not always easy to find in the text. For example, And you, dear friends, come tomorrow. An inexperienced student can highlight the address in a sentence like this: And you, dear friends, come tomorrow. Therefore, it is important to be careful when highlighting the appeal.
Thus, appeals can consist of one single word (Vladimir, put a hat on your head, otherwise it’s cold outside) and common when two or more words are used: And you, snowstorms, where are you rushing?
It should also be noted that there are also such appeals that can be scattered throughout the sentence, that is, one part can be, for example, at the beginning of the sentence, and the second at the end of the sentence. For example, Where are you going, darling, girl. Such appeals are typical of colloquial speech.
Sometimes the particle “o” is used together with addresses. For example, O my youth, where have you gone? In such cases, the particle “o” is not separated by a comma from the address, but represents a single address.
The main thing to remember
- appeals can be common and not common;
- not emphasized;
- addresses and introductory words are not the same thing;
- separated by commas.
Appeal- this is a word or phrase that names a person (less often, an object) to whom speech is addressed.
1. The appeal can be expressed in one word or in more than one word.
One word appeal can be expressed by a noun or any part of speech in the function of a noun in the nominative case, non-single-word address may include words dependent on this noun or an interjection about:
For example:
Dear granddaughter, why do you rarely call me?
Waiting for a flight from Sochi, go to the arrivals area.
Again I am yours, oh young friends! (title of A. S. Pushkin’s elegy).
2. An address can be expressed by a noun in the indirect case if it denotes a characteristic of the object or person to whom the speech is addressed.
For example: Hey, in a hat, are you the last one?
Appeals can be expressed in special, descriptive phrases, which are distinguished as ordinary appeals-names: – Hey, on a scow!– Reg (Green) said; - Hey, who is stronger there, come here, to the gate(P. Kapitsa).
3. Personal pronouns you and you, as a rule, do not act as addresses: they perform the function of the subject if they have predicate verbs.
For example: If you, reader, love autumn, then you know that in the fall the water in the rivers acquires a bright blue color from the cold.(Paust.) – the appeal is reader, and the pronoun You combines with verb you love.
Pronouns You , You can accept the call function in the following cases:
A) in constructions with a separate definition or attributive clause: You, the third from the edge, with a mop on your forehead, I don’t know you. I love you!(Vozn.); You, whose wide greatcoats resembled sails, whose spurs and voices rang merrily, and whose eyes, like diamonds, left a mark on the heart, are the charming dandies of yesteryear.(Color);
b) when used independently, usually with interjections hey, well, eh and etc.: Eh, you women, women! Your heads are crazy(Cool.); - Oh, you! And don’t you hate sitting next to Chebukhaika? - he says as he walks(Cool .); Tsits, you! She is no longer your servant(M.G.); “He has a headache,” Bayev sympathized with his heart. - Ehh... you. Residents!(Shuksh.);
V) as part of other requests: Dear friend, you are mine, don't be ashamed...(Fad.); My darling(Shuksh.).
The address is not grammatically related to the sentence and is not a member of the sentence.
Punctuation marks for addresses
1. Appeals are usually highlighted (or separated) by commas, and with special emotional stress - by an exclamation mark after the appeal.
For example: Congratulations, comrades, on your safe arrival(Paust.)
“Don’t go, Volodya,” said Rodion.(Ch.).
Goodbye, it's time, my joy! I'll jump off now, conductor(Past.) . Quiet, wind. Don't bark, water glass(Es.). Gain your sight, sighted comrade, by the lake in the drainage waters(Vozn.).
Vocative intonation is enhanced if the address is placed at the end of the sentence.
For example:
- Hello, brothers! - he said(Ch.);
Farewell, it's time for the outskirts! Life is a change of ashes(Vozn.).
2. Multiple hits are separated by commas or exclamation points.
For example: " My dear, my darling, my torment, my longing "- she read (Ch.); Goodbye, my happiness, my short-lived happiness! (Cupr.); Proletarian! Poor brother... When you receive this letter, I will already be leaving(Ch.).
Addresses connected by a conjunction And , are not separated by commas.
For example: Weep tavern violins and harps (Vozn).
3. If after the appeal there is a definition or application, then it is separated; such a definition is perceived as a second appeal.
For example: Grandpa, dear where have you been? (Spread); Miller, my dear, stand up. Lights on the shore! (Paust.).
4. The parts of the dissected circulation are highlighted separately, each on its own.
For example: Hear me, darling, hear me, beautiful, my evening dawn, unquenchable love! (Isa.); ABOUT, my neglected, thank you and kiss you, hands of the Motherland, timidity, friendship, family (Past.).
5. If the address ends an interrogative sentence, then a question mark is placed after it.
For example: Do you hear? Dmitry Petrovich? I will come to you in Moscow(Ch.); When will Kara-Ada finally arrive, captain?(Paust.); What's wrong with you, blue sweater?(Vozn.); Did you pray at night, birch? Did you pray at night? overturned lakes Senezh, Svityaz and Naroch? Have you prayed at night? Cathedrals of the Intercession and Dormition? (Vozn.).
6. Particles oh, ah, ah etc., standing before the appeals, are not separated from them.
For example: Oh my darling, my gentle, beautiful garden! (Ch.).
“Prosh, and Prosh!” called Prokhor Abramovich(Payment).
Ah Nadya, Nadenka, we would be happy...(OK.).
O whirlwind, feel all the depths and hollows(Past.).
O grapes of retribution! I soared in one gulp to the West - I am the ashes of an uninvited guest!(Vozn.).
Oh youth, phoenix, fool, the diploma is all in flames!(Vozn.).
O beloved deceptions of the heart, delusions of infancy! On the day when the meadows turn green, I have no escape from you(Sick.).
7. If there is an interjection before the address (unlike a particle, it is accentuated), then it is separated by a comma or an exclamation mark.
For example:
“Oh, dear Nadya,” Sasha began his usual afternoon conversation.(Ch.);
- Hey, three octagons for thread, go get a bolt! – From that day on, Zakhar Pavlovich was called by the nickname “Three Osmushki for Carving”(Payment). The word about can also act as an interjection (in the meaning Oh ): ABOUT, my lost freshness, riot of eyes and flood of feelings (Es.).
An interjection (as a call for attention) can itself act as an address.
For example: Hey, watch out! You'll create a closure!(Vozn.).
- Hey, be careful there! - Stepakha shouted(Cool.).
Where? What are you doing? Hey!(Shuksh.).
8. After an address, which is a separate vocative sentence (Sentence-address, i.e. a one-part sentence in which the main and only member is the name of the person - the addressee of the speech), an ellipsis or an exclamation mark is placed - single or in combination with an ellipsis.
For example: - Miller! – Shatsky whispered(Paust.); Anya, Anya!(Ch.); – Sing!.. – Lyalka is at the window again(Shuksh.);
- Mother... And mother! - he called his old woman(Shuksh.); “Brothers...” he said quietly, and his voice broke.(Paust.).
An address is a word or several words that in direct speech define the person to whom it is addressed. This is an independent component, from the point of view of syntax, not a member of the sentence. And sentences containing such a component are called complicated. Appeals are emphasized in oral speech by intonation, and in written speech by punctuation.
Instructions
In written form, addresses are most often emphasized using punctuation marks - separate them from the rest of the text of the sentence with commas. One or more words of address can appear at the beginning of a sentence, at the end or in the middle. In the latter case, frame the address with commas on both sides. If the words forming the address are at the beginning of the sentence, then in addition to a comma, an exclamation mark is sometimes used to highlight them.
In oral speech, it is most often necessary to highlight the address - make a short pause after it, and pronounce the text following it, separated by a comma, as if it were the beginning of a new sentence. make sure that the intonation address does not stand out against the background of the pronunciation of the words behind the comma - such intonational emphasis is appropriate only when the entire sentence consists only of a one-word or multi-word address with an exclamation mark at the end.
When parsing a sentence, do not underline the address with any line. Only the members of the sentence should be underlined, and addresses, like introductory words, from the point of view of the grammar of the Russian language are not connected with the sentence, are not its members and are not included in the syntactic diagram of the dependencies of the members in the sentence. But check with your teacher, as many of them require you to indicate the addresses in some way - for example, by placing the word "address" above them, putting them in square brackets, or using other methods.
Address is a word or combination of words that names the one to whom or what is addressed in speech. Most often it acts as a noun in the nominative case. It is very important to distinguish it from the subject, as this will help you punctuate the address sentence correctly. 5th grade faces with punctuation problems. It can be not only a noun, but also any other part of speech in its meaning, for example, an adjective, adverb, etc. After reading the article, a 5th grade student can easily cope with this topic by composing sentences independently.
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How not to confuse the address with the subject
One of the most common problems that entails a punctuation problem is confusion with the definition of sentence members.
Compare two sentences from works of Russian literature:
Tell me, uncle, it’s not for nothing... (Lermontov, “Borodino”).
My uncle has the most honest rules... (Pushkin, “Eugene Onegin”).
In the first case the word“uncle” is separated by commas. In the second case, “uncle” is the subject and is not separated by commas.
If you are not sure whether to separate a noun or another part of speech in the meaning of a noun, follow these steps:
1. Find the subject and predicate. Highlight them with characteristic symbols(one straight line and two straight lines). For example:
My daughter washed the dishes.
Here the subject is daughter. Predicate - washed. By underlining two terms, you will clearly see that the subject is not an address. Let's try to make a proposal:
Daughter, wash the dishes!
In this case, the word “daughter” is separated by a comma. Imagine that a mother asked her daughter to wash the dishes and called her.
Remember: an appeal is not a part of a sentence! There are no exceptions. This word or part of a word is not part of the grammatical basis and is never the subject.
2. Say the sentence to yourself, trying to catch the intonation. The address does not sound like an ordinary subject. In the same example we looked at earlier, you can notice differences in intonation. For example:
Mom washed the dishes.
This example is pronounced without highlighting commas in a voice, i.e. in one breath, without stopping or breathing.
In the example:
Mom, will you wash the dishes?
You can clearly hear that the word “daughter” stands out intonationally. To distinguish the subject from the address, say the necessary example to yourself several times.
3. One detail to remember is the change in predicate. If the subject is expressed by a noun, then the predicate is in the third person:
My daughter washes the dishes.
If the noun- this is an appeal, then the sentence itself turns into a one-part one with a verb already in the second person:
Daughter, will you wash the dishes?
To avoid confusion, you can use the following tips:
- Often this is the name, animal name or designation. For example:
Ira, will you go out for a walk today?
Mom, I did my homework.
2. Geographical names are very often found in the works of great poets. When we refer to nature, mountains, rivers and other geographical objects, it is necessary to separate the word with commas:
I love you, my beloved city.
3. Set expressions with the words “Lord” and “God” are not isolated:
God forbid!
Lord have mercy.
Examples
The appeal can appear in any part of the sentence. At the same time, it is important to remember that it will be isolated in any case, no matter where it stands.
- At the beginning of the sentence:
Madam, the water in the Seine is very cold at this time (Paustovsky, “Precious Dust”).
2. The address in the middle is isolated on both sides.
Come on my friend, smile.
Well, Alina, how are you doing?
3. At the end the request is separated by a comma, and the sign at the end of the sentence is determined by intonation:
Keep me, my talisman (Pushkin).
Are you here, mom?
I love you, my country!
Nuances in the placement of punctuation marks
- Please note that a word or phrase may appear at the beginning of a sentence and be pronounced with an exclamatory intonation. In this case, the comma must be replaced with an exclamation point. Let's take sentences with appeal from fiction:
Old man! Forget about the past... (Lermontov).
Poet! do not value people’s love (Pushkin).
2. Sometimes the word at the beginning may be preceded by the particle o, which is also not a member of the sentence. The particle o is not separated by a comma:
O Sand, your age has died on the chopping block (Pushkin).
An interjection can easily be confused with a particle. The interjection about appears in the meaning of “ah”. According to the rules of the Russian language, the interjection is isolated:
Oh mom, did I do something wrong?
3. The following transformations occur when particles yes and a appear:
Oh, Lisa, it’s you! Come in.
How are appeals emphasized?
Hey, in the hat, are you the last one?
- There is an icon that indicates reference in sentences (o);
An address is a word or phrase that names the person (less often the object) to whom the speech is addressed.
The appeal can be expressed mono-wordly or ambiguous.
A one-word address can be expressed by a noun or any part of speech in the function of a noun in I. p., a non-one-word address may include words dependent on this noun or an interjection about:Dear granddaughter, why do you rarely call me?
An address can be expressed by a noun in the indirect case if it denotes a characteristic of the object or person to whom speech is addressed:
Hey, in the hat, are you the last one?
In colloquial speech, address can be expressed by a personal pronoun; in this case, the pronoun is distinguished by intonation and punctuation:
Hey you, come here! (one-part sentence, definitely personal, widespread, complicated by address).
The address is not grammatically related to the sentence, is not a member of the sentence, is separated by commas, and can occupy any place in the sentence. An address at the beginning of a sentence can be separated using an exclamation mark:
Peter! Come here immediately! (one-part sentence, definitely personal, widespread, complicated by address).
- appeal is three ticks
- We tick the boxes!!! Like: ///////// etc!!!
- ticks
- ///////// like this or with the letter O on top
- We highlight requests with ticks below
- letter O on top
- There is an icon that indicates reference in sentences (o);
An address is a word or phrase that names the person (less often the object) to whom the speech is addressed.
The appeal can be expressed mono-wordly or ambiguous.
A one-word address can be expressed by a noun or any part of speech in the function of a noun in I. p., a non-one-word address may include words dependent on this noun or an interjection about:Dear granddaughter, why do you rarely call me?
An address can be expressed by a noun in the indirect case if it denotes a characteristic of the object or person to whom speech is addressed:
Hey, in the hat, are you the last one?
In colloquial speech, address can be expressed by a personal pronoun; in this case, the pronoun is distinguished by intonation and punctuation:
Hey you, come here! (one-part sentence, definitely personal, widespread, complicated by address).
The address is not grammatically related to the sentence, is not a member of the sentence, is separated by commas, and can occupy any place in the sentence. An address at the beginning of a sentence can be separated using an exclamation mark:
Peter! Come here immediately! (one-part sentence, definitely personal, widespread, complicated by address).
- There is an icon that indicates reference in sentences (o);
An address is a word or phrase that names the person (less often the object) to whom the speech is addressed.
The appeal can be expressed mono-wordly or ambiguous.
A one-word address can be expressed by a noun or any part of speech in the function of a noun in I. p., a non-one-word address may include words dependent on this noun or an interjection about:Dear granddaughter, why do you rarely call me?
An address can be expressed by a noun in the indirect case if it denotes a characteristic of the object or person to whom speech is addressed:
Hey, in the hat, are you the last one?
In colloquial speech, address can be expressed by a personal pronoun; in this case, the pronoun is distinguished by intonation and punctuation:
Hey you, come here! (one-part sentence, definitely personal, widespread, complicated by address).
The address is not grammatically related to the sentence, is not a member of the sentence, is separated by commas, and can occupy any place in the sentence. An address at the beginning of a sentence can be separated using an exclamation mark:
Peter! Come here immediately! (one-part sentence, definitely personal, widespread, complicated by address).
- It is not emphasized!
- Ticks below - / / /
