Who is the main character in the fairy tale lady blizzard. Comparative analysis of fairy tales Mrs. Blizzard and Morozko - a fairy tale

Plot

The girl suffers various insults from her widowed stepmother. Finally, her stepmother forces her to jump into the well in order to find the spindle she accidentally missed. So she finds herself in the underworld, which is also the world of clouds. Here she will have to pass the test of diligence and kindness, helping those in need: take out the finished bread from the oven, shake the tree with ripe apples. In the end the road leads to Mrs. Metelitsa, a scary "old woman" who has "long teeth", but kind heart. The new duties of the girl now include daily shaking out the featherbed of Mrs. Metelitsa, thanks to which it snows all over the world. After some time, she begins to yearn for home and asks the hostess to leave. At the gate leading to the earth, a golden rain pours down on the industrious girl, so that her clothes are plastered with gold. Also, Mrs. Metelitsa returns the lost spindle and the girl returns home, greeted by the cock singing: “Ku-ka-re-ku! Here are miracles! Our girl is all in gold!”

Envying the girl's story, her ugly and lazy half-sister goes the same way, refusing the needy, and her job with Mrs. Metelitsa is no good. Bored with her mistress, the sloth, dreaming of a golden reward, at the gate receives an overturned cauldron with resin as a reward, which sticks to her for life.

Plot origin

It was recorded from the words of Dortchen Wild, the bride of Wilhelm Grimm. Published as part of a cycle of fairy tales in 1812.

It is impossible to unambiguously determine the homeland of this tale; in Germany, "Frau Holle" was revered on numerous mountains, there are several peaks on which, according to the inhabitants, Mrs. Metelitsa lives. These are Mount Hoher Meissner between Kassel and Eschwege, Mount Hörselberg near Eisenach and the heights of Hörselberg and Hollerich (Hollerich).

The written traces of "Frau Holle" can be traced back at least 1000 years. The earliest written mention is in the decrees of the Archbishop Burchard of Worms, which were written between 1008 and 1012.

Interpretation and analysis of the plot

Lady Snowstorm throws snow (drawing by Otto Ubbelohde)

The tale refers to frequent family conflicts in the past, when many women died in the postpartum period, widowers often remarried, and stepbrothers and sisters competed with each other for status in the family.

The tale is also probably based on folk processing mythological material.

Eugene Drevermann interprets "Lady Snowstorm" as a story that provides answers to the philosophical and religious question about the meaning of suffering and explains the imaginary disorder and injustice of life. Everything that Mrs. Metelitsa comes into contact with can be read within the framework of natural mythology, in connection with the sun, moon, earth. Gifted with gold acts as a solar maiden, doused with resin - like a maiden of the moon. Mother Metelitsa - like a great goddess, the mother of the earth, who owns the afterlife. The stepmother symbolizes the meanness of the external, material world, and is an opponent of Mrs. Metelitsa.

Numerous archaic plot motifs, according to Gettner-Abendroth, lead to the great Neolithic Mother Goddess. The historian Karl Kollmann came to similar conclusions, in his opinion: “Signs say that Frau Holle is not a kind of ghost and the spirit of vegetation, but a regional personification of the ancient female deity of the earth: she was revered almost everywhere in the world under a variety of names” .

Germanist Erica Timm proceeds from the fact that the name "Holle" (merciful) was originally a nickname for the German goddess Frigga, separating into an independent one after Christianization, including because it was impossible to publicly commemorate the names of pagan gods, and it is difficult to refuse them completely.

Often "Frau Holle" is also identified with the Old Norse Hel, the mistress of the world of the dead.

Another, psychological, interpretation of the tale indicates that the incident with the apple tree is associated with ripening. female body and sexuality, the case of the stove - with the manifestation of femininity and childbirth.

folklore data

Christmas: "Frau Holle" and her train (1873 drawing)

Along with famous variant, recorded by the Brothers Grimm, there were other legends associated with Mrs. Metelitsa (Frau Holle), collected by the folklorist Karl Petov. The researcher of matriarchy Heida Göttner-Abendroth in her book "Frau Holle - das Feenvolk der Dolomiten" tried to chronologically order the legends around "Frau Holle" and reconstruct the ancient ideas about matriarchy in an appropriate way.

Several legends tell how mother Holle tests people, appearing in the guise of an old and feeble woman, "miller's aunt", with a request for food and shelter. Those who help are richly rewarded. If people are deaf to prayers because of stinginess, then they are punished. Thus, for example, a rich and hard-hearted peasant from Wikenrode (Hesse) beat his daughter for bringing food and drink to an old woman (Frau Holle), and set a dog on an elderly woman. As punishment, "Frau Holle" burned down the yard. The farmer and his son died in the fire, while his daughter remained unharmed.

The girl suffers various insults from her widowed stepmother. Finally, her stepmother forces her to jump into the well in order to find the spindle she accidentally missed. So she finds herself in the underworld, which is also the world of clouds. Here she will have to pass the test of diligence and kindness, helping those in need: take out the finished bread from the oven, shake the tree with ripe apples. In the end, the road leads to Mrs. Metelitsa, a scary "old woman" who has "long teeth" but a kind heart. The new duties of the girl now include daily shaking out the featherbed of Mrs. Metelitsa, thanks to which it snows all over the world. After some time, she begins to yearn for her home and asks the hostess to leave. At the gate leading to the earth, a golden rain pours down on the industrious girl, so that her clothes are plastered with gold. Also, Mrs. Metelitsa returns the lost spindle and the girl returns home, greeted by the cock singing: “Ku-ka-re-ku! Here are miracles! Our girl is all in gold!”

The stepmother, kindly, meets the girl affectionately. Envying the girl's story, her ugly and lazy half-sister goes the same way, refusing the needy, and her job with Mrs. Metelitsa is no good. Bored with her mistress, the sloth, dreaming of a golden reward, at the gate receives an overturned cauldron with resin as a reward, which sticks to her for life.

A widow had a daughter, she also had a stepdaughter. The stepdaughter is diligent, beautiful, but the daughter is not good in face, and a terrible lazy person. The widow loved her daughter very much and forgave her everything, but she forced her stepdaughter to work hard and fed very badly.

Every morning the stepdaughter had to sit by the well and spin yarn. And she had to spin so much that often even blood appeared on her fingers.

One day she sat like that, spinning and stained the spindle with blood. The girl bent down to the well to wash the spindle, and suddenly the spindle slipped out of her hands and fell into the well.

The stepdaughter began to cry and ran home to her stepmother to tell her about her misfortune.

You dropped it, you get it, - said the stepmother angrily. - Yes, look, do not return without a spindle.

The girl went back to the well and, out of grief, took it and threw herself into the water. She jumped into the water and immediately lost consciousness.

And when she woke up, she saw that she was lying on a green lawn, the sun was shining from the sky, and flowers were growing on the lawn.

The girl went across the lawn, looks: there is an oven on the lawn, and bread is baked in the oven. The loaves called out to her:

Oh, take us, girl, out of the oven as soon as possible:

Oh, get out quickly! We are already baked! Otherwise, we will soon burn down completely!

The girl took a shovel and took out the bread from the oven. Then she went on and came to an apple tree. There were many ripe apples on the apple tree. The apple tree called out to her:

Ah, shake me, girl, shake! The apples are already ripe!

The girl began to shake the tree. Apples rained down on the ground. And until then she shook the apple tree until not a single apple remained on it.

What are you afraid of, honey? You better stay with me. You will work well and you will be well. You just make a better bed for me and a feather bed and fluff the pillows harder so that the feathers fly in all directions. When feathers fly from my featherbed, it snows on the ground. Do you know who I am? I am Mrs Metelitsa myself.

Well, - said the girl, - I agree to enter your service.

So she stayed to work for the old woman. She was a good girl, exemplary, and did everything that the old woman ordered her to do.

She fluffed the feather bed and pillows so hard that the feathers flew in all directions like flakes of snow.

The girl lived well at Metelitsa. Metelitsa never scolded her, but always fed her hearty and tasty.

And yet, the girl soon began to get bored. At first she herself could not understand why she was bored - after all, she lives here a thousand times better than at home, and then she realized that she was missing her home. No matter how bad it was, but still she was very used to him.

Here is the time the girl says to the old woman:

I was very homesick. No matter how well I feel at your place, I still can't stay here any longer. I really want to see my family.

Metelitsa listened to her and said:

I like that you don't forget your family. You did a good job for me. For this, I myself will show you the way home.

She took the girl by the hand and led her to the big gate. The gates opened, and when the girl passed under them, gold fell on her from above. And so she came out of the gate, all sprinkled with gold.

This is your reward for your efforts, - said Metelitsa and gave her a spindle, the same one that fell into the well.

Then the gate closed, and the girl again found herself upstairs, on the ground. Soon she came to her stepmother's house. She entered the house, and the cockerel, sitting on the well, at that time sang:

Ku-ka-re-ku, the girl has come!
She brought a lot of gold to the house!

The stepmother and her daughter saw that the stepdaughter had brought with her a lot of gold, and greeted her kindly. They didn't even scold me for the long absence.

The girl told them about everything that had happened to her, and the stepmother wanted her daughter to become rich too, so that she would also bring a lot of gold into the house.

She made her daughter sit by the well to spin. The lazy daughter sat down by the well, but did not spin. She only scratched her finger with a blackthorn until it bled, smeared the spindle with blood, threw it into the well and jumped into the water after it.

And then she found herself on the same green lawn where beautiful flowers grew. She went along the path and soon came to the stove. where the bread was baked.

Ah, the loaves shouted to her, take us out of the oven! Take out quickly! We've already screwed up! We'll be on fire soon!

No matter how! - answered the lazybones. - I will get dirty because of you, - and went on.

Then she came to the apple tree, the apple tree called out to her:

Ah, shake me, girl, shake me! The apples are already ripe!

How, how, - she answered, - just look. if I start shaking you, some apple will fall on my head and give me a bump!

Finally, the lazy person approached the house of Mrs. Metelitsa. She wasn't scared of the Blizzard at all. After all, her sister told her about the big teeth of Metelitsa and that she was not at all scary.

So the lazy person came to Metelitsa to work.

The first day she still somehow tried to overcome her laziness, obeyed Mrs. Metelitsa, fluffed her feather bed and pillows so that the feathers flew in all directions.

And on the second and third days, laziness began to overcome her. In the morning she reluctantly got out of bed, made her mistress's bed poorly, and completely stopped fluffing the feather bed and pillows.

Metelitsa is tired of keeping such a maid, so she tells her:

Go back to your home!

Here the lazybones was delighted.

“Well,” he thinks, “now gold will fall on me.”

Metelitsa led her to the big gate. The gates swung open. But when a lazy person came out of them, it was not gold that fell on her, but a cauldron of pitch overturned.

Here is your reward for your work, - said Metelitsa and slammed the gate.

The lazy person came home, and the cockerel sitting on the well saw her and shouted:

Everyone in the village will laugh:
A girl covered in resin enters!

And so this resin stuck to her tightly, that remained on her skin for life.

Comparative analysis of the fairy tales "Mrs. Metelitsa" and "Morozko".

I.Fairy tale.

1. Fairy tale as a genre. The fairy tale was not created immediately as a genre. It is rooted in the ritual and cult life of peoples, it develops from myth. People love fairy tales. There were professions that contributed to the fulfillment of the fairy tale. Storyteller in different eras was different. The royal decree of 1649 states that many people "tell unprecedented fairy tales." In the XVI-XVII centuries. Bahar-storyteller was a necessary person under the kings. In the middle of the 19th century, the storyteller was a frequent guest in city taverns.

So, we can say that a fairy tale has long been on a par with entertaining and educational character. That is why the importance of fairy tales in the upbringing of children is great, because they occupy the mind, feelings, and imagination.

2 . There are three essential features of a fairy tale:

1. Goal setting for the entertainment of listeners;

2. Unusual as well domestic plan content;

3. A special form of its construction;

4. A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it. Good fellows – lesson.

3. Signs of a fairy tale:

Magic Heroes(Baba Yaga, Koschey the Deathless, Serpent Gorynych, Gray wolf and etc.)

Magical scene(“In the distant kingdom ...”, in dense forest and etc.)

Magic transformations(Vasilisa the Beautiful can turn into a dove or throw a towel over her shoulder, and a river will flow; Ivan the Tsarevich can be animated by living water, etc.)

Magic Items(tablecloth - self-assembly, carpet - airplane, hut on chicken legs, mortar, etc.)

II.Discussion of the folk tale "Morozko".

View : Magical characters - Morozko, a talking dog, magical transformations of girls, opposition of two heroines, the main character is an orphan.

Ending: The stepdaughter is rewarded with wealth, which is typical for a folk tale, the old woman's daughter dies.

Why does the folk tale end so tragically? The people cruelly condemn envy, malice and oppression of the weak and defenseless, such as the stepdaughter was.

III.Signs of a fairy tale Mrs. Metelitsa.

Miraculous Items : pie and apples.

Fairy character: Mrs Metelitsa.

Magic Location: magic well.

IV.What is common between the fairy tales: "Frost" and "Mrs. Snowstorm"?

The widow had two daughters: one beautiful and hardworking, and the other ugly and lazy, but the widow loved her more: she was her own daughter. And the beautiful stepdaughter, no matter how hard she worked, never heard a kind word. Every day the stepmother asked the poor thing a lesson - she put her out with a spinning wheel on the street; and the poor girl sat by the well, spinning and spinning until blood dripped from her fingers. Somehow a misfortune happened to her: she soiled the yarn on the spindle with blood, tried to rinse the spindle in the well, leaned over, and it slipped out of her hands and drowned.

The girl began to cry, ran to her stepmother, complained about her misfortune, but evil stepmother began to scold and reproach her, and in the end she said:

- Managed to drop - manage and get it.

The girl returned to the well and did not know what to do herself: she felt sorry for the spindle, and it was scary in front of her stepmother ... She took it and jumped after her spindle herself right into the well. Jumped and died...

She woke up, and it was so good all around: the meadow was green, the sun was shining, the flowers were blooming. She went through this meadow and sees - there is an oven full of bread, and all the loaves are shouting:

- Get me out! Pull it out, or I'll burn! I've been baked for a long time!

The girl quickly ran up and pulled out all the loaves - she didn’t forget a single one! She went further. He sees - there is an apple tree, and it is full of apples.

- Shake me, shake me - my apples are ripe for a long time! the girl heard.

The girl shook the apple tree, and the apples fell like hail. She shook off all the apples to the last, put them in a pile and went on. She walked and walked and came to some kind of hut. An old woman looked out from there, but with such huge teeth that the girl was frightened and rushed to run.

But the old woman called after her: “What are you afraid of, child? Stay better with me, help me with the housework! You work hard and you'll be fine. You, most importantly, make the bed properly, beat the feather bed better so that the fluff flies, and then it will snow all over the world. Because I know who? Grandmother Vyuga. The old woman spoke so affectionately that the girl grew bolder, returned and agreed to stay with her. She diligently set to work and tried to please her grandmother in everything: and even when she fluffed the feather beds, the fluff flew around like snow flakes.

And she lived well with her grandmother Blizzard: the hostess was always kind and friendly to her, did not spare her a kind word or a tidbit.

How long, how short the girl lived with her grandmother Blizzard, but something began to feel sad and yearn. At first, she herself did not know why she was sad, what she yearned for, and then she realized: although life was much better here than at home, her longing for native side. And as she became unbearable, she came to the old woman and said:

“Forgive me, grandmother, I have a good life with you, but I can’t stay here anymore,” I yearned for my home.

Grandmother Vyuga answers:

- Well, well, child, there is nothing wrong with that: and I am so pleased with your work that I myself will help you get home.

She took the girl by the hand and led her; they soon came to a high gate. The gates swung open by themselves, and when the girl entered them, suddenly a golden rain poured down on her and made her all golden.

- Get what you deserve! - Grandmother Vyuga said and gave the girl a spindle, the same one that once fell into the well.

Ku-ka-re-ku! Ko-ko-ko-ko!

Our Zo-lot-ko has returned!

the youngest daughter and the cockerel at the well

The stepmother and half-sister saw that the beautiful stepdaughter was all in gold, and they met her with honor. The girl told about everything that had happened to her, and the stepmother, when she heard about her happiness, envied and wanted her own daughter, a lazy person, to also get rich. She gave her a spindle and sent her to the well to spin, and she also taught her to prick her hands with thorns. The lazybones smeared the spindle with blood, threw it into the well, and jumped in after herself.

And she, too, found herself in the same flowering meadow and followed the same path. As she approached the oven, the loaves screamed at her too.

- Get us out! Get out, or we'll burn! We've been baked for a long time!

But the lazybones replied:

- Here's another! The hunt was dirty! - And she moved on.

She went to the apple tree. The apple tree asked her:

- Shake me, shake me - the apples are already ripe!

- The hunt was to overstrain! - answered the lazybones. - Even if I didn’t get hurt! – and moved on. A lazy person came to Grandma Vyuga. She wasn't scared at all. After all, her sister had already told her that the old woman was not evil and there was nothing to be afraid of her teeth. So she began to live with her grandmother Vyuga as a female worker. On the first day, she still somehow, through her strength, worked and obeyed the mistress - she really wanted to get rich; but the next day she already began to be lazy, on the third - even more so: she didn’t even want to get up on time. And she didn’t make a bed for the old woman Vyuga, she didn’t beat it, as it should be - so that fluff flew everywhere ... Grandmother Vyuga endured the lazy person, and then asked her to get out. She was happy, happy.

He approaches the gate and rejoices in advance: “Well, now they will shower me with gold” ... But instead of a golden rain, a whole cauldron of black-black tar poured onto her.

“Get what you deserve,” Grandmother Vyuga said and slammed the gate.

A lazy person came up to the house all covered in tar. The cockerel on the well sang:

Ku-ka-re-ku! Ko-ko-ko-ko!

Our Chu-man-ko appeared!