Summary Prisoner of the Caucasus Chapter 3. Prisoner of the Caucasus, Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich

The story of L. N. Tolstoy was written in 1872 and refers to literary direction realism. The title of the work refers the reader to the poem by A. S. Pushkin " Prisoner of the Caucasus". However, unlike his predecessor, Tolstoy in his story portrayed not a romantic, idealized character, but an ordinary Russian officer Zhilin - a brave, hardworking and humane hero who can always find a way out of a difficult situation.

Main characters

Zhilin- a gentleman from a poor family, an officer, served in the Caucasus. Heading home, he was captured by the Tatars, from which he escaped only the second time.

Kostylin- the officer with whom Zhilin was captured by the Tatars.

Other characters

Dina- the daughter of Abdul-Murat, "thin, thin, thirteen years old." She carried food to Zhilin when he was in captivity, helped him escape.

Abdul-Murat- "master", a Tatar who bought Zhilin and Kostylin, Dina's father.

Chapter 1

Zhilin serves as an officer in the Caucasus. One day he receives a letter from his mother asking him to come home. Thinking, Zhilin "straightened his vacation", said goodbye to his friends and got ready to go.

“Then there was a war in the Caucasus” - the Tatars attacked lone travelers, so soldiers accompanied Zhilin's convoy. Wanting to get there faster, the officer decides to break away from the escort, Kostylin joins him.

However, on the way they met the Tatars. Through the fault of Kostylin, who got scared and fled, the unarmed Zhilin was seized and taken to the aul (Tatar village). They put a stock on the prisoner and locked him in a barn.

Chapter 2

After some time, Zhilin was informed that the Tatar who seized him also caught Kostylin and sold the captives to Abdul-Murat, who now became their "master". The Tatar forced the captives to write letters home asking for a ransom. Zhilin understood that his mother had no money, so he wrote a letter with the wrong address so that it would not reach.

Chapter 3

Zhilin with Kostylin whole month lived in a barn. During the day, they were put on pads and removed at night. Zhilin "was a master of all needlework", so for the sake of entertainment he began to sculpt clay dolls for the master's daughter Dina. The girl, grateful to the man for toys, secretly brought him food - milk and cakes.

Chapter 4

Planning an escape, Zhilin began to dig holes in the barn. One night, when the Tatars left the village, the captives fled.

Chapter 5

The officers left the village without hindrance. Soon Kostylin began to complain that he rubbed his legs. Almost all night they walked through the forest, Kostylin lagged far behind, and when the comrade could no longer walk, Zhilin carried him on himself. On the road they were caught by other Tatars and taken to Abdul-Murat.

In the village they wanted to kill the Russians, but Abdul-Murat decided to wait for the ransom. Again, the fugitives were put on stocks and this time lowered into a pit five arshins deep.

Chapter 6

"Their life has become quite bad." The officers were given raw food, "like dogs", in the pit itself it was wet and stuffy. Kostylin became very ill - “everyone groans or sleeps”, “and Zhilin became depressed”. Somehow, Dina appeared at the pit - the girl brought them food. Another time, she said that Zhilin was going to be killed. The officer asked the girl to bring him a long stick, and at night Dina threw a long pole into the pit.

Zhilin was going to take Kostylin with him, but he was too weak and refused. With the help of Dina, the officer got out of the pit. He was very disturbed by the block, but he could not bring down the lock, he had to run like that. Saying goodbye, Dina burst into tears and gave the man cakes for the journey.

The officer went through the forest and, going out to the field, saw the Cossacks sitting by the fires on the left. Zhilin hastened to cross the field, fearing to meet the Tatars on the way. And so it happened - he did not have time to run to his own, as three Tatars noticed him. Then Zhilin waved his hands and shouted: “Brothers! Help out! Brothers! . The Cossacks heard him, set off to cut across the Tatars and rescued the fugitive.

Recognizing Zhilin, the officers took him to the fortress. Zhilin realized that it was not his destiny to go home and get married, so he remained to serve in the Caucasus. “And Kostylin was bought out for five thousand only a month later. Barely brought alive. "

Conclusion

In the story "The Prisoner of the Caucasus", Tolstoy, using the images of Russian officers Zhilin and Kostylin as an example, reveals important moral questions- fidelity, friendship, comradely duty, responsiveness, kindness, stamina and courage. Developing parallel line friendship between Zhilin and Dina, the author shows that true kindness and tolerance can negate any evil, even the confrontation of peoples and war.

A brief retelling of the "Prisoner of the Caucasus" helps to get acquainted with the main events and brief description story, but for a better understanding of the story, we advise you to read its full version.

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Retelling plan

1. Zhilin receives a letter from his mother and decides to visit her.
2. Zhilin and Kostylin set off on their own.
3. Comrades are captured by the Tatars.
4. They receive a ransom offer to regain their freedom.
5. Zhilin gets to know Dina, the daughter of a wealthy Tatar Abdul-Murat.
6. Zhilin and Kostylin escape.
7. The heroes of the story are caught and put in a pit until they are waiting for a ransom.
8. Dina helps Zhilin escape.
9. Zhilin is saved.

retelling

Part I

One gentleman named Zhilin served as an officer in the Caucasus. His mother once sent him a letter asking him to come, as she found him a bride with an estate, and she was already old, she wants to see her son before her death. Zhilin thought and decided to go. I said goodbye to my comrades, soldiers.

There was a war going on in the Caucasus, it was dangerous to drive on the roads, and all those passing were accompanied by soldiers or local guides, since the Tatars (highlanders North Caucasus in those days) could be killed or taken to the mountains. It was a hot summer, the detour was slow, people got tired quickly. And Zhilin, after thinking, decided to go alone, but then another officer approached him, Kostylin - “a formidable man, fat, all red” - and offered to leave the convoy and continue to go together.

They drove through the steppes, and then the road between two mountains went right into the gorge. Zhilin decided to check if everything was calm. I went up the mountain and just climbed up when I saw thirty people of the Tatars. I wanted to jump for a gun, but Kostylin was gone. The Tatars shot Zhilin's favorite horse, took all his things from him, tore his clothes, twisted him and took him away. Zhilin could not follow the road: his eyes were stained with blood. Finally, they arrived at the aul (Tatar village), removed Zhilin from the horse, put shackles on him, tied him up and locked him in a barn.

Part II

Zhilin did not sleep almost all night. In the morning the shed was opened, and two men entered: one with a red beard, the other “smaller, blackish. The eyes are black, light, ruddy. The “blackish” one is dressed richer: “a blue silk beshmet, trimmed with lace. The dagger on the belt is large, silver; red morocco shoes, also sheathed with silver ... A tall hat, a white lamb. They approached the prisoner and began to say something in their own language. Zhilin asked for a drink, but they only laughed. Then a girl came running - thin, skinny, about thirteen years old. “Also - her eyes are black, bright and her face is beautiful,” it was clear that she was the daughter of the smaller one. Then she ran away again and brought a jug of water and "looks at Zhilin, how he drinks, like what kind of beast."

Zhilin, having drunk, gave the jug, and then the girl brought bread. The Tatars left, and after a while a Nogai (a mountaineer, a resident of Dagestan) came and took Zhilin to the house. “The upper room is good, the walls are smoothly smeared with clay. In the front wall, motley down jackets are laid, expensive carpets hang on the sides; on the carpets, guns, pistols, checkers - all in silver. There sat those two ("red beard" and "blackish") and three guests. One of the guests turned to him in Russian: “Kazi-Muhamed took you,” he says, “he points to the red Tatar, and gave you to Abdul-Murat, points to the blackish one. “Abdul-Murat is now your master.”

Then Abdul-Murat ordered him to write a letter home so that his relatives would send a ransom of five thousand coins, then he would let him go. Zhilin began to refuse, saying that he could only give five hundred. They fussed, made noise, then demanded three thousand. Zhilin firmly stood his ground. The Tatars consulted and brought another prisoner - Kostylin. It turns out that he agreed to five thousand and wrote to his relatives. And they say: "Here, they will feed him well, and they will not offend him." Finally, the Tatars agreed to receive at least five hundred coins. Zhilin wrote the letter in such a way that it did not reach, because he was thinking about escaping. He knew that the old mother did not have such funds, he himself sent her money for living.

Part III

A month passes. Zhilin and his friend are fed badly, with unleavened bread, and even dough. Kostylin writes letters all the time and waits for a ransom. But Zhilin knows that the letter did not reach, and he still wanders around the village, but he looks at how it is more convenient to escape, but he does needlework, because there was a master for every business. Once I fashioned a doll in a Tatar shirt. She liked Dina, the daughter of Abdul-Murat. He left the doll on the roof, and she dragged it away and began to rock it like a child. The old woman broke the doll, but Zhilin fashioned it even better. Since then, they became friends, and she began to bring him milk, cakes, and once even brought a piece of lamb in her sleeve.

The Tatars found out that the prisoner had golden hands, and “the glory went about Zhilin that he was a master. They began to come to him from distant villages; who will bring a lock on a gun or a pistol to fix it, who will watch. And Abdul-Murat brought him tools and gave him his old beshmet. Zhilin took root and began to understand Tatar language, many residents are already accustomed to it.

There was still an old man in the village, about whom the owner said: “This big man! He was the first horseman, he beat a lot of Russians, he was rich.” He had eight sons, and when the Russians attacked the village, killed seven, one surrendered, then the old man surrendered, lived with the Russians, killed his son and fled. Since then, he hates Russians and, of course, wants Zhilin dead. But Abdul-Murat got used to his prisoner: “... yes, I fell in love with you, Ivan; I’m not just killing you, I wouldn’t let you out if I didn’t give a word ... "

Part IV

Zhilin lived like this for another month, began to look out in which direction it would be better to run. One day he decided to walk to a small mountain from where he could see the surroundings. And a boy ran after him, the son of Abdul-Murat, who was ordered to watch where the Russian goes and what he does. Zhilin explained that he wanted to collect herbs to heal people. And they went up the hill together. But how could Zhilin have gone far if during the day he walked only in stocks?

Zhilin looked around and recognized the mountains that he saw from the Russian fortress. I found where to run, and returned back to the village. That same evening, the highlanders brought their own, killed by the Russians. They wrapped him in a white cloth, sat next to him and said: “Alla!” (God) - and then buried in a pit. They commemorated the deceased for four days. With most of the men gone, it was the right time to escape. Zhilin spoke with Kotylin, and they decided to run while the nights were dark.

Part V

Gone into the night. We walked barefoot, our boots were worn out. All legs were covered in blood. Zhilin goes, endures, Kostylin - lags behind, whines. At first they lost their way, then they still went into the forest. Kostylin was tired, sat down on the ground, said that he was refusing to escape. Zhilin did not abandon his comrade, he took him on his back. So they went a few miles more. Then they heard the sound of hooves. Kostylin was frightened and fell noisily, and even screamed. The Tatar heard and brought people with dogs from the village.

The fugitives were caught and returned to their owner. At the meeting, they decided what to do with them. Then Abdul-Murat approached them and said that if the ransom was not sent in two weeks, he would kill them. He put them in a hole and gave them paper to write letters again.

Part VI

It became very bad for them to live, they were fed worse than dogs. Zhilin thought about how to get out, but could not think of anything. But Kostylin is very ill, “he got sick, swollen, and the ache all over his body became; and everything groans or sleeps. Once Zhilin was sitting and saw Dina upstairs, who brought him cakes and cherries. Then Zhilin thought: what if she helps him? The next day, the Tatars came and made noise. Zhilin realized that the Russians were close. He made Dina clay dolls, and when she ran next time, he began to throw them at her. And she refuses. Then, crying, he tells that they will be killed soon. Zhilin asked to bring a long stick, but Dina was frightened.

One evening, Zhilin heard a noise: it was Dina who brought the pole. Lowering him into the pit, she whispered that there was almost no one left in the village, everyone had left ... Zhilin called a friend with him, but he did not dare to escape again. Dina tried to help Zhilin remove the block, but nothing came of it.

Zhilin said goodbye to the girl, thanked her. Dina cried, did not want to leave, then ran away. Zhilin walked in a block along the path they had fled the last time. Except for two Tatars, he did not meet anyone, he hid from them behind a tree. The forest ended, the Russian fortress was already visible in the distance. Zhilin decided to go downhill, but as soon as he came out into an open place, then three riding Tatars noticed him and set off across the path. And he gathered with the sieves and ran, shouting to the Cossacks: “Brothers, brothers!”. They heard him and rushed to the rescue. The Tatars were frightened and galloped off. They brought Zhilin to the fortress, who shoves bread for him, who porridge ...

He told everyone his story: “So I went home, got married! No, it’s obviously not my destiny.” And he remained to serve in the Caucasus. And Kostylin was redeemed for five thousand only a month later. Barely brought alive.

Officer Zhilin served in the Caucasus. He received a letter from his mother, and he decided to go home on vacation. But on the way, he and another Russian officer Kostya-lin were captured by the Tatars. This happened due to the fault of Kostya-lin. He was supposed to cover Zhilin, but he saw the Tatars, got scared and ran away from them. Kostylin turned out to be a traitor. The Tatar who took Russian officers prisoner sold them to another Tatar. The captives were shackled and kept in one barn.

The Tatars forced the officers to write letters to their relatives demanding a ransom. Kostylin obeyed, and Zhilin specially wrote a different address, because he knew: there was no one to buy him out, Zhilina's old mother lived very poorly. Zhilin and Kostya-lin sat in the barn for a whole month. The master's daughter Dina became attached to Zhilin. She secretly brought him cakes and milk, and he made dolls for her. Zhilin began to inflate how he and Kostya-lin could escape from captivity. Soon he began to dig in the barn.

One night they ran away. When they entered the forest, Kostylin began to lag behind and whine - his boots rubbed his feet. Because of Kostya-lin, they did not go far, they were noticed by a Tatar who was driving through the forest. He told the owners of the hostages, they took the dogs and quickly caught up with the captives. They were again put on shackles and did not take them off even at night. Instead of a shed, the hostages were planted in a five-yard deep pit. Zhilin still did not despair. He kept thinking about how to escape. Dina saved him. At night, she brought a long stick, lowered it into the pit, and Zhilin climbed up on it. But Kostylin remained, did not want to run away: he was frightened, and there was no strength.

Zhilin moved away from the village and tried to remove the block, but nothing came of it. Dina gave him cakes for the journey, and wept, saying goodbye to Zhilin. He was kind to the girl, and she became very attached to him. Zhilin went farther and farther, although the block was very disturbing. When the forces ran out, he crawled, and crawled to the field, behind which there were already their own, Russians. Zhilin was afraid that the Tatars would notice him when he crossed the field. Just thinking about it, look: to the left, on a hillock, two acres from it, there are three Tatars. They saw Zhilin and rushed to him. So his heart broke. Zhilin waved his hands, shouted to his heart’s content: “Brothers! Help out! Brothers! The Cossacks heard Zhilin and rushed across the Tatars. The Tatars were frightened, before reaching Zhilin, they began to stop. So the Cossacks saved Zhilin. Zhilin told them about his adventures, and then he says: “So I went home, got married! No, it’s not my destiny.” Zhilin remained to serve in the Caucasus. And Kostya-lin was redeemed for five thousand only a month later. Barely brought alive.

Officer Zhilin served in the Caucasus. One day he received a letter from his old mother at home that she was ill and was afraid to die without seeing her son goodbye.

Zhilin received a vacation and went to his native land.

There was a war in the Caucasus at that time. The highlanders attacked the Russians, killed or took them prisoner. Russian convoys were usually accompanied by a soldier's convoy. The convoy moved slowly, stopping frequently. So Zhilin conspired with another officer, Kostylin, to go ahead. The highlanders took Zhilin prisoner.

They put blocks on their feet so that they could not run away. Locked up in a shed.

The next morning they came to visit the prisoner. He asked for a drink. One "Tatar" (as Muslim mountaineers were then called) sent his daughter Dina to bring water and bread to the officer. Dina was about thirteen years old - beautiful, black-haired, thin, flexible, shy and curious.

Few people understood Russian in the village. Through an interpreter, they explained to Zhilin that they wanted a ransom for him - three thousand coins. Let him write a letter. The prisoner said that he could not find more than five hundred. He was threatened with punishment with whips.

Zhilin jumped up:

“I have not been and will not be afraid of you dogs!

The highlanders liked this proud response:

— Jigit Urus! (Well done Russian!)

We agreed on five hundred.

Zhilin wrote a letter, but the address was incorrect. I decided that I could run away.

Kostylin was also taken prisoner. He wrote a letter asking for a ransom of five thousand rubles. They began to keep the prisoners in the barn. They lived like this for a whole month. They slept on straw, the pads were removed from them only at night. They fed poorly - only flat cakes made from millet.

Zhilin "was a master of all needlework." Out of boredom, he began to weave baskets from twigs. Somehow he made a doll out of clay, in a Tatar shirt, and presented it to Dina. She was very happy with the toy, removed it with red shreds, rocked it in her arms.

And Zhilina has since begun to wear gifts: milk, cheese, boiled lamb.

Zhilin made a toy water mill for the children, began to repair watches and guns. Went fame about him that he is a master.

The owner expressed his friendliness in every possible way:

- Yours, Ivan, is good, - mine, Abdul, is good!

But many in the village hated the Russians, because the officers killed a lot local residents destroyed the villages.

Zhilin dug a tunnel under the barn every night. He tamed a guard dog to himself, she would not bark. The road, climbing the mountain, roughly determined.

Persuaded Zhilin Koetylin to run away together.

Fat, clumsy, cowardly Kostylin was only a burden to his comrade. Left behind, groaned. He complained that he rubbed his legs. Zhilin carried it on himself - such a carcass! I didn't want to leave my friend. So the fugitives were caught.

They were returned to the village, they were no longer kept in a barn, but in a pit. Kostylin fell ill in the pit. They don’t remove the blocks even at night, they throw unbaked dough into the pit. Only Dina sometimes runs up to the pit - then she throws a cake, then a sweet cherry. Zhilin again made dolls for her, only noticed that the girl was upset. He learned to speak a little in the local language, he understood: Dean was warning him that they wanted to kill the prisoners. The officer asked the girl to bring him a long pole to get out of the pit. She refused, but regretted it, brought it at night. Zhilin got out of the pit, but Kostylin was afraid.

The girl put the pole in place, Zhilina ran to see him off, brought him cakes on the road. He had to go to the block.

“Goodbye,” he says, “Dinushka. I will remember you forever.

And stroked her head.

“When Dina cries, she covers herself with her hands. She ran up the mountain like a goat jumps. Only in the dark you can hear the monists in the braid rattle along the back.

Zhilin again failed to knock the lock off the block, so he dragged along, limping. He was almost approaching a safe place, as the Tatars saw him. They ran towards him. But then a detachment of Cossacks ran over. Zhilin shouted:

— Brothers! save, brothers!

The Cossacks rescued him.

So Zhilin did not go home.

And Koetylin was bought back a month later for five thousand, barely alive.

Officer Zhilin served in the Caucasus. He received a letter from his mother, and he decided to go home on vacation. But on the way, he and another Russian officer Kostylin were captured by the Tatars. It happened through the fault of Kostylin. He was supposed to cover Zhilin, but he saw the Tatars, got scared and ran away from them. Kostylin turned out to be a traitor. The Tatar who took Russian officers prisoner sold them to another Tatar. The captives were shackled and kept in the same barn.

The Tatars forced the officers to write ransom letters to their relatives. Kostylin obeyed, and Zhilin specifically wrote a different address, because he knew that there was no one to buy him out, Zhilina's old mother lived very poorly. Zhilin and Kostylin sat in the barn for a whole month. The master's daughter Dina became attached to Zhilin. She secretly brought him cakes and milk, and he made dolls for her. Zhilin began to think about how he and Kostylin could escape from captivity. Soon he began to dig in the barn.

One night they ran away. When they entered the forest, Kostylin began to lag behind and whine - his feet were rubbed with boots. Because of Kostylin, they did not go far, they were noticed by a Tatar who was driving through the forest. He told the hostage owners that they took the dogs and quickly caught up with the captives. They were again put on shackles and did not take them off even at night. Instead of a barn, the hostages were put into a five-arshin-deep pit. Zhilin still did not despair. He kept thinking about how to escape. Dina saved him. At night, she brought a long stick, lowered it into the pit, and Zhilin climbed up on it. But Kostylin remained, did not want to run away: he was frightened, and there was no strength.

Zhilin moved away from the village and tried to remove the block, but he did not succeed. Dina gave him cakes for the journey, and cried, saying goodbye to Zhilin. He was kind to the girl, and she became very attached to him. Zhilin went farther and farther, although the block was very disturbing. When the forces ran out, he crawled, and crawled to the field, behind which there were already his own, Russians. Zhilin was afraid that the Tatars would notice him when he crossed the field. I just thought about it, looking: to the left, on a hillock, two acres from it, there are three Tatars. They saw Zhilin and rushed to him. So his heart broke. Zhilin waved his hands, shouted to his heart’s content: “Brothers! Help out! Brothers! The Cossacks heard Zhilin and rushed to cut across the Tatars. The Tatars were frightened, before reaching Zhilin they began to stop. So the Cossacks saved Zhilin. Zhilin told them about his adventures, and then he says: “So I went home, got married! No, it’s not my destiny.” Zhilin remained to serve in the Caucasus. And Kostylin was redeemed for five thousand only a month later. Barely brought alive.