House museum of bell towers. History of the house

A large number of pre-revolutionary mansions and estates have been preserved in Tyumen. All of them have interesting fate which many will be interested to know.

One of these objects is the house of the merchant family Kolokolnikov, which is located on the street. Republic, 18 (formerly Tsarskaya). This old manor has been preserved since the 19th century, and today it is over 200 years old. This house is memorable both as the mansion of the mayor Ikonnikov, which the emperor himself visited, and as the headquarters of Marshal Vasily Blucher, which was located in the estate for three months.

The first owner of the mansion was the merchant Ivan Vasilyevich Ikonnikov. At the age of 40, he was elected mayor and ruled Tyumen for three years. Ivan Ikonnikov built his estate spacious, with two floors: the first - stone, the second - wooden. However, it was difficult to guess that the second floor was made of wood, since it was expertly plastered to look like stone.

“This house is not vast, not magnificent, but distinct decoration. Since 1837, it has become a precious monument for citizens,” wrote E. Rastorguev, a contemporary of Ikonnikov, about the mansion. And the reason for the transformation of the house into such a precious monument was the fact that in it in 1837 Tsarevich Alexander twice stopped for the night: on May 31 on the way to Tobolsk and on June 4 on the way back. Was in the house with the future emperor and the famous poet Vasily Zhukovsky. Judging by the poet's notes, Tyumen at that time was an unattractive place: “The city is poor. 10 wooden, 6 stone houses, not counting state-owned ones. The head of the Ikonniki ... the city hospital improved by him. The terrible state of the prison and the hospital of the exiles. Diseases. Venereal disease…". And more than 30 years later, on July 27, 1868, the son of Alexander II, Prince Vladimir Alexandrovich, also visited Tyumen. During his stay in our city, he visited the widow Ikonnikova.

In 1888, the Tyumen merchant of the first guild, philanthropist Ivan Kolokolnikov became the new owner of the estate. He acquired it from Pyotr Zaikov, Ikonnikov's grandson and heir. After the purchase, the house was completely rebuilt. The building expanded towards the courtyard, and the main entrance from Tsarskaya Street was closed. The new owner dressed the estate with rich carvings. The main façade was enlivened by a large risalit, and in it Kolokolnikov used hydraulic elements in memory of Emperor Alexander's visit to the estate. Yes, in baroque-renaissance semicircular niche of the risalit was installed interesting detail- a carved shell in the upper part as an element of the tomb of the royal person, because in 1881, even before the purchase of this house by Kolokolnikov, Alexander II was killed. From above, the niche was covered by a segmental front, foamed with three-dimensional carving, made in the spirit of Tyumen traditions. And under the sink, an oval medallion was hung - also a very peculiar element.

The interiors of the mansion have become refined and luxurious - they were made so by the rich stucco decoration used in the house. Entering the manor, you can see that each room has an individual plaster finish, and the rooms are sequentially arranged and connected to each other by arched and doorways. Thus, Kolokolnikov turned the house into a miniature palace with an enfilade arrangement of rooms.

During the Civil War, the Kolokolnikovs founded a committee to help wounded soldiers of the White Army in the house. Since that time, the mansion has been firmly entrenched in the memory of the townspeople as the "Blucher House", whose headquarters were located here for three months (August-October 1919). VC. Blucher was a participant in the First World War and the Civil War. While in Tyumen, he constantly traveled to the areas of hostilities. In the Kolokolnikovs' house, Blucher had his own office, the interior items of which ( desk, Erickson telephone, table lamp) have survived to this day.

Today this house is a prime example the wooden estate of Tyumen, in the architecture of which motifs of stone architecture are used. Externally, the two-story mansion is completely represented by a stone building. The main axis of the strictly symmetrical façade overlooking the square is marked by a baroque figured pediment with crowning, flanking volutes and two carved columns. The resemblance to stone buildings is given to the house by the continuous sheathing of the walls with narrow laths with seams revealed - this creates the illusion of rustication of the walls. The architecture of the mansion demonstrates the transition from late classicism to eclecticism. In dividing the planes of the walls, window sills with rectangular panels and a profiled interfloor cornice are used. The slender rectangular windows of the upper floor frame the arched windows, and the small rounded windows of the lower floor are horizontal sandriks. Beamed ceilings were used in the house, the internal layout has been partially changed today. The walls are decorated with picturesque portraits and old photographs; things and household items of the former owners of the mansion have been preserved in it.

The Kolokolnikov estate includes not only a former residential building, but also an office building. It is located along the northwestern border of the estate. It is a one-story brick building, strongly elongated into the depths of the courtyard, includes storerooms, different in size, sometimes with vaults. The house is surrounded by a high blind fence, the street facade is crowned with a wide cornice and a double stepped pediment.

Since the 1980s, the Kolokolnikov mansion has been owned by the Tyumen Regional local history museum. After the restoration, which lasted from 1990 to 1996, a permanent exhibition "The history of the house of the 19th - early 20th centuries" was opened in it.

During the whole history Russian Empire there was such a class as merchants. These enterprising people owed their well-being not to their origin, but to the diligence and diligence with which they created their business. Merchant houses were not as pompous and luxurious as the palaces of the nobility, but still the decoration was done with taste.

In Tyumen, the only classical merchant's estate has been preserved - the Kolokolnikov Museum. The building was built in the first quarter of the 19th century and originally belonged to merchant family Ikonnikovs, one of whom, Ivan Vasilyevich, was the mayor of Tyumen for three years. He rebuilt the manor in two floors, with the lower floor being made of stone and the second floor being made of wood. However, the house was so well plastered that from the outside it seemed completely stone.

In 1837, during a trip to the Tobolsk province, the future emperor Alexander II, then still a crown prince, visited the estate. And in 1888 the house passed into the possession of the merchant Ivan Kolokolnikov. In the same years, repairs and reconstruction of the house were carried out. The new owner decorated the building with rich carvings and enlarged it a bit.

During the years of the revolution and the civil war, the Kolokolnikovs' house first housed the Committee for Assistance to Wounded Russian Soldiers of the White Army, and in August-October 1919, the headquarters of the future Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasily Blucher. Since then, the townspeople have nicknamed it the Blucher House. Since 1979, the estate was transferred to the Tyumen Museum of Local Lore, and in 2005 the Kolokolnikov Estate Museum was formed here.

Building architecture trading house Kolokolnikovyh combines elements of two styles - baroque and Siberian district. Large windows on the first floor provide good lighting (there was once a merchant's shop here). Interior decoration very elegant, especially the stucco decoration stands out. Each room has its own unique plaster finish; there are portraits of the owners on the walls.

Household items of the 19th century are exhibited in the museum; a merchant's shop has been recreated in one of the rooms. IN former cabinet Blucher preserved his things - a desk, and on it - a telephone and a table lamp. A large number of small parts(old clocks and chess, paintings, dishes) create a feeling of complete immersion in the era of tsarist Russia.

The estate museum constantly organizes thematic exhibitions and courses of educational lectures, creative quizzes and competitions. To this it is worth adding friendly guides who will answer all your questions and tell you a lot of interesting things. Conclusion: a visit to this estate is a must for everyone who is interested living history native land.

Video "Excursion to the museum-estate of the Kolokolnikovs in Tyumen"

About the arrival of the Tsarevich, the unique decor and items that are worth paying attention to in the museum-estate.

"Pearl wooden architecture”, “royal house”, the headquarters of the red commander Vasily Blucher - as soon as the people of Tyumen did not call this mansion decorated with rich carvings. Today it is the only classical merchant's mansion that has been preserved in the city, which is no less than 211 years old.

distinguished guest

The house, which is located at Republic, 18, is also called the Ikonnikov House: by the name of the first owner - the merchant and mayor Ivan Vasilyevich Ikonnikov. It was here that Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, the future Russian Emperor Alexander II, stayed in 1837. Tyumen and Siberia as a whole, with its full-flowing rivers and beautiful forests, made a more than pleasant impression on the 20-year-old boy. Here is his mentor famous poet Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky, who accompanied the future emperor on a trip, was stingy with compliments in his diaries. He wrote that Tyumen was a poor city, a dirty city.

The arrival of the Tsarevich did not pass without a trace: the house not only began to be called royal, but was also exempted from housing duty. And its owner turned from a merchant of the third guild into a merchant of the second guild.

Imperial decor

About half a century passed, and the estate appeared new owner- Ivan Petrovich Kolokolnikov. The merchants Kolokolnikovs made a real fortune in the tea trade. It was they who had the first telephone and car in the city. new owner hired an architect and completely rebuilt the building. After the renovation, the house became much larger and more beautiful. Kolokolnikov had seven children: six sons and one daughter. In order to accommodate the whole family, he had to build two outbuildings side by side. No one lived in Ikonnikov's house near Kolokolnikov: they only celebrated a memorable day for the whole city - the day of the arrival of the Tsarevich - and major Orthodox holidays.

“The house acquired absolutely magnificent, unique decor,” says Tatiana Symonenko, head of the museum. - Outside, these are elements of stone architecture, which are made using the technique of wooden carving. From the inside, this is a stucco and partly wooden, imperial decor. At the same time, the province has always followed the fashion of the capitals: just as Winter Palace adorn antique sculptures, the roof of this house is decorated with flowerpots.

By the way, once the main entrance to the building was located from the side of Republic Street, which at that time was called Tsarskaya - again after the arrival of the Tsarevich. But after the assassination of Alexander II in 1881, Kolokolnikov ordered to close the entrance and place elements of the tomb there. Once here you could see the figurine of a weeping angel, but over time it was lost.

For the good of the city

The Kolokolnikovs were far from ordinary people. Unlike the merchants from Ostrovsky's plays, they were very educated, thanks to them four educational institutions. And one of Kolokolnikov's sons - Viktor - was the director of a commercial school at all - now this building houses the University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. By the way, after emigrating to Harbin, he continued to study educational activities by opening a school for children of emigrants.

After the revolution, the fate of the Kolokolnikovs developed in different ways. For example, one of the brothers, Stepan, emigrated to America and continued to engage in trade. And thanks to his wife, who worked at the Library of Congress, a fund of documents was preserved, which she sent to the estate museum. The wife of another brother, Vladimir, graduated from the St. Petersburg Conservatory, played the piano, taught at music school and participated in the dubbing of the first films of Tyumen.

“Yes, the well-being of the Kolokolnikovs was based on their capital,” says Tatyana Simonenko. - But it was talented people with its pros and cons. Despite everything, they did not become depressed, suffering from the fact that they had practically everything taken away from them, and the only thing left was their knowledge.

Nowadays, in the second building of the museum complex there is a permanent exposition "Trading House of IP Kolokolnikov N-ki". Here is a rich collection of tea utensils, as well as picturesque portraits of merchants Kolokolnikovs.

From kindergarten to community

In 1919, the building housed the headquarters of the 51st Infantry Division and the apartment of one of the first five Marshals. Soviet Union Vasily Blucher. In general, what was not there in Soviet time- and the registry office, and a kindergarten for the children of NKVD workers, and communal apartments. When the house almost completely fell into disrepair, it was decided to place a museum dedicated to Blucher here. And only in the 90s the building was finally restored. Now it is the main, so to speak, the subject of the exposition. The head of the museum believes that by the number historical events associated with the house, it can easily compete with our dynamic age.

Items worth paying special attention to in the museum-estate

Tray dish

This is a copy of the dish on which, in 1837, Ivan Vasilievich Ikonnikov, according to the old Russian custom, brought bread and salt to the distinguished guest - Tsarevich Alexander Nikolayevich. The future emperor took the original with him. Both dishes are made of simple Tyumen clay. On it you can read - "Tyumen City Society accepts the courage to offer bread and salt." In the lower half of the dish was depicted the coat of arms of Tyumen - a sailing ship with a loose flag.

Tsarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich - the future Emperor Nicholas II and the last Russian Tsar - was not in Tyumen. But I was in Tobolsk. The deputation from our city included the head of the Kolokolnikov family. It is with his name that the appearance in Tyumen of dishes from the utensils of the Tsarevich is associated.

The miraculous cross of the times of Alexei Mikhailovich from the Kremlin at one time ended up in the first Orthodox cathedral in Tyumen - Blagoveshchensky. During civil war an anti-religious museum was located here, in which the cross became one of the exhibits. Later the temple was blown up.

The cross combines engraving, enamels and figure casting. The small shrine with the miraculous relics of the saint has not been preserved. This is an altar cross, the museum also has a wooden altar cross.

The boat was made by local craftsmen especially for the crossing of Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich. It was stored in a special building - not far from where it is now. Eternal flame on Historical Square. When in 1873 the son of Alexander II returned from a trip to America through Far East and Siberia, the boat was launched again. After 35 years of storage, she withstood a 2-hour walk along Tours with honor. By the way, she was lowered into the water on her hands. The fact that this was not an easy task can be judged by the size of the boat - about 17 meters long and 3.5 meters wide. About 40 people could fit in it. In Soviet times, the boat was dismantled and thrown away.

The museum has a model made by the local shipbuilder Slutsky on a scale of 1x10. Moreover, it was made so accurately that at one time Slutsky's drawings were requested by the Naval Museum of St. Petersburg.

In the 90s, the museum staff decided to order wax figures of Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, Zhukovsky and Blucher. But they were not sure that the management would approve their idea, because this is not a cheap deal. However, the response was positive. The manufacture of wax figures was carried out by St. Petersburg masters who studied at Madame Tussauds. When the order was ready, the Vremya program mentioned a strange company that was going to Tyumen from St. Petersburg: an emperor, a poet and a red commander. By the way, as a gift, the St. Petersburg craftsmen also made a papier-mache dog - similar to the one that can be seen in one of Blucher's photographs.

Unlike sculpture or pictorial portrait, where the master's vision plays an important role, wax figures were created in full compliance with iconography, based on artistic and photographic material. For example, in the case of the crown prince, even his death mask. It turned out realistic. At the very least, many visitors glimpse the figures and greet them.