Red Square 1 Historical Museum. Historical Museum on Red Square

Historical Museum in Moscow (Moscow, Russia) - exposition, opening hours, address, phone numbers, official website.

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Working mode:

Main building of the museum, Museum Patriotic War 1812 and the Exhibition Complex: Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, Sunday - from 10:00 - 18:00, Friday, Saturday - from 10:00 - 21:00. Day off - Tuesday.

New showroom: Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, Sunday - from 10:00 - 19:00, Friday, Saturday - from 10:00 - 21:00. Day off - Tuesday.

Cost: 400 RUB, students and pensioners 150 RUB, family ticket (for two adults and two children under 18) 600 RUB. Children under 16 have the right to visit the museum for free.

Branches of the Historical Museum

• Intercession Cathedral (is integral part St. Basil's Cathedral) - The central church of the Cathedral is not available for inspection due to restoration work. Cost: 500 RUB, students, pensioners - 150 RUB
• Chambers of the Romanov boyars; Address: st. Varvarka, 10; Opening hours: Daily - from 10:00 - 18:00, Wednesday from 11:00 - 19:00, day off - Tuesday. Cost: 400 RUB, students, pensioners - 150 RUB, children under 16 years old - free of charge
• Exhibition complex; address: Revolution Square, 2/3; prices vary depending on the exhibition
• Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812; address: pl. Revolution, 2/3; entrance fee: 350 RUB, discounted 150 RUB

Prices on the page are for October 2018.

The huge red brick building that closes Red Square makes it really “red”. Two elongated towers are in harmony with the Kremlin and GUM, and the abundance of kokoshniks, architraves, widths, and tents give the building the appearance of a tower. Meanwhile, it is not at all as old as it seems.

In the northern part of Red Square since the 16th century. the Zemsky order was located, for which in 1699 a stone two-story building with a tower and architraves in the Naryshkin baroque style was built. Later, part of the premises came under the jurisdiction of the Main Pharmacy, and in 1755 the opening of Moscow University took place here, which moved to the building on Mokhovaya Street only in 1793. Then, in the old building of the Zemsky Prikaz, there were city administration offices. In 1874, the Moscow Duma allocated this site for the construction of the Historical Museum - such an idea was put forward in 1872 during the Polytechnic Exhibition dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of Peter I. Its historical exposition, dedicated to the Crimean War, became the core, around which began to form a museum collection.

Initially, there were plans to preserve the Zemsky Prikaz building in the courtyard of the Historical Museum, but, alas, they were not implemented, and in 1875 it was demolished. In its place, construction began on a large museum building designed by V.O. Sherwood and engineer A.A. Semenov. Its appearance was made in pseudo-Russian style, which corresponded to the idea of ​​the Historical Museum as reflecting the past of Russia. The facades abound with small decorative elements, the two main towers are crowned with double-headed eagles, and the small side tents are crowned with figures of lions and unicorns. The project was not completed to the end: the idea of ​​cladding the building with polychrome tiles turned out to be expensive. “Pseudo-Russian” and interiors, but each of the halls had its own characteristics, corresponding to its exposition. G.I. Semiradsky, I.K. Aivazovsky.

May 27, 1883 grand opening"Museum named after His Imperial Highness the Sovereign Heir Tsesarevich". Its long-term head and the author of the first exposition was an outstanding historian, Muscovite. The collection was formed by the whole country: members of the imperial family, nobles and merchants, churches and monasteries. The museum has been recognized scientific center. During the Soviet era, its funds increased significantly due to the nationalized private collections and valuables of closed churches. There were plans to demolish the building to open a wide avenue from the north of Red Square and a passage for demonstrations, but the plans remained on paper. The interiors of the museum were changed, some of them were destroyed, but externally the building lost only weathercocks - they were restored in the 1990s. during the extensive restoration of the museum. Today it is open again and has the status largest museum Russia. It has branches: the Pokrovsky Cathedral on Red Square, the chambers of the Romanov boyars on Varvarka, the Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812 in the former building of the Moscow City Duma.

AND Historical Museum. It is these four buildings that surround the main street of Russia. And the museum can be considered the main entrance to Red Square. It is no coincidence that it is from his side that foot troops and heavy equipment come out during the annual Parade on May 9th.

The Historical Museum is rightfully considered the owner of the richest collection of exhibits not only in Russia. Just think about it - 4 thousand square meters, more than 20 thousand permanent exhibits and 5 million items in museum funds. It is not surprising that the Historical Museum, even for those who go to it regularly, each time opens from a new, previously unknown side.

And by the way, not only the interiors and exhibition halls. The building itself is a work of architectural art. It is no coincidence that it is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The history of the creation of the museum

The idea of ​​founding the Historical Museum was born in 1872. And the initiator of its construction was the Emperor Alexander II himself. The first exhibits were military trophies accumulated after the Crimean War. The sovereign, thus, wanted to perpetuate the memory of the glorious past. It was decided to build near Red Square. Prior to that, the Zemsky Prikaz was located here - in a modern manner it can be called the Ministry of Regional Development).

A competition among architects was announced. The main condition was that the building had to be maintained in the general style that had already developed around Red Square by that time. The winners were V. Sherwood and A. Semenov, however, the former subsequently refused to complete the project. And at the final stage, the construction of the museum was led by Alexander Popov. The construction of the building lasted almost 6 years - from 1875 to 1881. And it took another two years to finish the interior and fill the exhibition with exhibits. And thus, the date when the Historical Museum of Moscow first opened its doors to visitors was May 27, 1883.

After the Revolution, there was a serious danger of looting of the exhibits of the Historical Museum. But among the Bolsheviks there were connoisseurs high art and antiques. The exhibits were taken under the protection of the People's Commissariat, and even plans arose to further expand the collection. So, in the period 1922-1934, items that were previously in St. Basil's Cathedral, and a number of churches and small depositories were added to the exposition.

True, the communist era did not pass without a trace. Firstly, as propaganda, some decorative trim was painted over or destroyed, as it symbolized the monarchy. For example, the Bolsheviks dismantled beautiful sculptures of lions, unicorns and, of course, double-headed eagles that adorned the facade of the building.

The modern history of the Museum is connected primarily with large-scale reconstruction, due to which visitors could not see the collection for 11 years (1986-1997). But as a reward for patience, now you can see the building as it was conceived at the very beginning. So, the spiers of the towers are again crowned with gilded sculptures of lions and eagles. Of course, these are not the same ones that "disappeared" in the Soviet era, but their exact copies.

And inside the Historical Museum now looks like a real royal palace. Suffice it to mention that the main entrance is a huge “Family Tree of Russian Sovereigns”, on which portraits of 68 tsars, emperors and grand dukes are presented in gilded frames. As for the rest of the collection, for better perception it is divided into 39 rooms, and each tells about a specific era of the country's development. And among the most valuable exhibits, it is worth highlighting an 8-meter boat made by stone axes even in the prehistoric era, knightly armor from the time of Alexander Nevsky, the icon of Our Lady of Kazan, the globe of Peter the Great and his ceremonial camisole.

In 2017, the State Historical Museum celebrates the 145th anniversary of its foundation. On February 9, 1872, Emperor Alexander II decided to create a museum in Moscow national history Russia. To this memorable date an official video was prepared for the Historical Museum, which was filmed by creative Group company "Media 1" from St. Petersburg.

The State Historical Museum is one of best museums country, located in the heart of the capital on Red Square.

The unique exposition reflects all the milestones in the history of Russia from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century; more than 5,000,000 exhibits are stored in the museum funds. The State Historical Museum is the largest museum in Russia.

The museum was founded by the decree of Emperor Alexander II on February 21, 1872, and received its first visitors on May 27, 1883. The building for the Historical Museum on Red Square was designed by prominent architects V.O. Sherwood and A.A. Semenov in the pseudo-Russian style with elements of tower architecture, interior decoration was carried out by famous artists Aivazovsky, Repin, Vasnetsov, Korovin and others.

In 1990, the building of the State Historical Museum as part of the Red Square objects was included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List.

During the years of Soviet power, the interiors of many halls were changed: the murals were whitewashed, details were destroyed decorative design. In the 1990s, the building was restored and interior spaces and bringing them back to their original form.

Front entrance hall with rich wall paintings and lions. On the ceiling - "The genealogical tree of the sovereigns of Russia", 68 portraits of the great princes, tsars and emperors.

The permanent exhibition is located on two floors in chronological order, each room corresponds to a certain historical era. At the beginning of the path there are exhibits from the time of the primitive communal system - stone tools, authentic mammoth tusks, sculptural portraits of ancient people.

Found in the territory Voronezh region a huge 7.5-meter canoe, hollowed out with stone axes from solid oak:

Hall of the Bronze Age. In the center there is a relatively recently transported to the State Historical Museum from near Tuapse the dolmen "Kolikho" - an ancient structure made of stone slabs.

A bronze idol found in the Galich treasure in the Kostroma region is considered an attribute of a shamanic cult. The second photo shows bronze headdresses for women found near the Murom village of Podbolotye.

Passage from the hall early medieval of Eastern Europe and Asia in the hall with exhibits of the Old Russian state.

The museum helps to remember dramatic events Russian history: fragmentation, the Mongol invasion, the war with the Swedes and the Battle of the Ice, the Battle of Kulikovo and the Time of Troubles.

Showcase with armor and weapons of a Russian soldier of the times ice battle, the seal of Alexander Nevsky and the helmet and shield of a Western European knight.

The second photo shows steel armor and a saber of the Polish Winged Hussar. Behind the armor is a “wing” with swan feathers, giving the rider a spectacular and formidable look. I saw reenactors in similar attire last year in Kolomenskoye on.

Hall "Russian culture in the 16-17th" centuries.

Icon "Our Lady of Kazan" with a gold and silver frame, precious stones- sapphires, emeralds, rubies, pearls, spinels and almadins.

A particularly valuable exhibit is the globe of the Dutch company Blau, acquired by Peter the Great during a trip to Western Europe.

The other floor shows politics, economics and culture Russian Empire from Peter the Great to Alexander III.

The first Russian Emperor is a casting made from a mask taken by the sculptor Rastrelli in 1719.

Kamzol of Peter the Great.

Halls of the reign of Catherine the Second and Alexander the First.

The museum regularly hosts interesting thematic exhibitions. One of them is Gold. Metal of the gods and the king of metals. Luxurious gold items and jewelry, coins and orders, exhibits are presented here. religious nature East and West of the last two millennia from the funds of the Historical Museum.

State Historical Museum in Moscow, cultural heritage federal significance, was born relatively recently. The majestic red brick building, which complemented the ensemble of the main square of the country, solemnly opened its doors to visitors in 1883. IN Soviet era its funds were repeatedly replenished with nationalized private collections and treasures from the walls of closed churches and disbanded museums. Now here are the country's largest collections of coins, unique old manuscripts and books, archeological monuments important for history, weapons and priceless works of art.

Ticket prices in 2019

The cost of visiting the main exposition for adult citizens of the Russian Federation and the EAEU countries is 400 rubles. The ticket price for citizens of other states is 500 rubles. The reduced ticket price of 150 rubles applies to the following categories of visitors:

• students of Russian universities, colleges and technical schools studying full-time;
• persons aged 16 to 18;
• holders of international ISIC and IYTC cards;
• pensioners of the Russian Federation and EAEU countries;
• other preferential categories citizens of the Russian Federation and EAEU countries ( full list can be found on the museum website).

For a family visit (two parents with one or two minor children), the ticket price for citizens of the Russian Federation and the EAEU countries is 600 rubles. Children aged 16 to 18 must purchase an additional ticket for 150 rubles.

The price of a complex ticket including an audio guide " Sightseeing tour» in Russian, is 800 rubles, on foreign language 900 rub. Entry tickets for lectures, thematic exhibitions and other events are paid separately, and their cost is indicated on the official website of the State Historical Museum in Moscow.

Main entrance to the Historical Museum of Moscow — panorama Yandex Maps

Opening hours

The opening hours of the museum are set depending on the season.

In the period from September 1 to May 31, the complex is open from 10.00 to 18.00 on all days except Friday and Saturday. These days it works from 10.00 to 21.00. The day off is Tuesday.

Ticket office hours end 1 hour before the GIM closes.

Story

The decree on the creation of the state educational museum-center was signed on February 9, 1872 by Emperor Alexander II. The basis museum collection an exposition about the Crimean War of 1853-1856 from the Sevastopol department of the grandiose All-Russian Polytechnic Exhibition dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of Peter the Great was laid down.

The first stone in the foundation of the State Historical Museum in Moscow was laid by Alexander II himself. the presence of the Duke of Edinburgh in August 1875, but the emperor was not destined to live to see the opening. May 27, 1883 at the ceremony that gave the world new monument culture, his successor has already looked Alexander III with his wife Maria Fedorovna.

Museum collections were quickly replenished by the hands of benefactors, among whom were a representative of the Nizhny Novgorod nobility A. A. Catoire de Bioncourt, Dostoevsky's widow, the Chertkov, Burylin, Obolensky, Sapozhnikov families and many others.

P. I. Shchukin, who deservedly remained in the history of the country as the Great Patron of Russia, in 1905 donated to the museum his unique collection of a connoisseur-collector. Shchukin exhibits form the basis of the State Historical Museum expositions - their share is approximately 15% of all modern museum funds. Thanks to him and similar benefactors, who selflessly donated their priceless collections for the good of the country, State Museum turned into what it is now - one of the largest and most famous historical museums in the world.

In its history, as well as in the life of the Russian people, for the glory of which it was created, there were both joyful and tragic moments. The museum has witnessed changes in the system and power, a silent participant in the revolutions and an involuntary spectator of military parades in 1941 and 1945. IN Soviet times it was even considered to be demolished in order to open a wide avenue from the northern part of Red Square and have more space for parades, but, fortunately, these plans were never carried out. From 1986 to 2002, large-scale restoration work was carried out in the building. Today it is working again, has the status of the largest museum in Russia and several branches - the Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812, the Boyar Chambers in Zaryadye and the Pokrovsky Cathedral.

The building of the Historical Museum in Moscow

IN XV-XVI centuries here was the postal yard, then the Sytny otdatochny yard, and then the Zemsky order - the central authority. In 1699, a separate building was erected for him - a beautiful two-story mansion in the Naryshkin baroque style, flaunting a turret and architraves. Part of its premises was subsequently given to the Main Pharmacy. From 1755 to 1793, Moscow University was located here, and after that - the offices of city authorities. In 1874, this area was allocated for the construction of the building of the Historical Museum.

According to the original plans, the old Zemsky order was to be kept in the courtyard of the new complex, but in 1875 the house was demolished. The GIM building, built according to the architectural design of A. A. Semenov and V. O. Sherwood, is made in the pseudo-Russian style in the appearance and likeness of the tower - it reflects the historical past great Russia. The two main towers are crowned with two-headed imperial eagles, the smaller side tents are decorated with lions and unicorns, and the facades amaze with an abundance of skillful small decorations - kokoshniks, flares, arches, weights, kiots, drawn cornices and architraves. Unfortunately, the full implementation of the project was never carried out: the lining of the huge building turned out to be too costly. Pseudo-Russian motifs are also present inside the building, but each of the numerous halls has its own “highlights”. The most famous of the masters were involved in their design - V. M. Vasnetsov, I. K. Aivazovsky, G. I. Semiradsky.

In 1889 museum building was expanded with a transverse building installed between the small and large courtyards and designed for 500 seats. In 1914, an archive, a library and a department of manuscripts were created on the site of the dismantled lecture hall. The project was led by I. E. Bondarenko.

The building of the State Historical Museum is under the protection of UNESCO as an integral part of the Red Square ensemble.

Exposition of the Historical Museum in Moscow

The exhibition area of ​​the museum is 4,000 sq.m., it is located on two floors and is divided into 39 exhibition halls. The collections available to the public include over 22,000 exhibits covering all stages of Russia's development.

This allows visitors to learn more about the life, culture and history of the country in different periods of its existence. The museum funds store more than 15 million rare written sources from the history of Russia in the 16th-20th centuries. The most significant of them are considered one of the oldest handwritten books Ancient Rus'- Svyatoslav's Izbornik, the Moscow Codex II and the Khludov psalter are one of the three psalters of the 9th century that have survived in the world.

The principle of forming expositions is the same as at the time of the opening of the museum in 1873. In order to "serve as a visual history", you need to collect in strict chronological order "all the monuments significant events from the history of the Russian state. According to museum curators, the GIM mentality is different from museums Western Europe. Its purpose is enlightenment, not surprise, and its method is not fun, but serious study, designed to give a foothold in the past and create a right future.

IN museum exhibitions sometimes real treasures are found: for example, the monumental wrought-iron lattice from the gates of the Novodvinsk fortress of the Petrine era, the sackcloth of Ivan the Terrible, the masquerade sleigh of the Russian Empress, decorated with carved gilded eagles, and the mysterious Galich treasure - unique find full of mysterious cult items. The collections continue to grow. The main part of the museum replenishment is the results of the work of archaeologists, the smaller part is special purchases and gifts from patrons.

Exhibitions and excursions

Even if you have been to the State Historical Museum of Moscow more than once, something new will be waiting for you every time you visit. In addition to the permanent main exhibition, thematic exhibitions are regularly opened here, dedicated to history royal family, traditional Russian crafts, photography, painting or creating icons. For a live immersion in the past, museum staff organize "Historical Saturdays" that open unknown pages Russian history, "Moscow Secrets", telling about the detective mysteries of the capital, conduct informative lectures, arrange film screenings and festive performances. For the most inquisitive, the museum hosts theatrical tours and unusual quests. The exact schedule of exhibitions and events can be found on the official website of the Historical Museum in Moscow.