How all-wheel drive works on UAZ Patriot. UAZ car driving features

1 - steering wheel. The steering wheel of UAZ-31512, UAZ-3153 and the UAZ-3741 family has a central button sound signal. The steering wheel of UAZ-31514 and UAZ-31519 cars is equipped with an energy-intensive pad and has two horn buttons located in the wheel spokes.
2 - rear-view mirror (internal). Adjustable by turning around the swivel head.
3 - instrument panel (see Fig. 1.17-1.21).
4 - sun visors.
5 - branch pipes blowing the windshield.
6 - passenger handrail.
7 - lamp (plafond) lighting.
8 - "mass" switch battery. Switching on and off the "mass" is done by turning the handle by 90 °.
9 - lever for engaging the front drive axle. It has two positions: front - the bridge is on, rear - the bridge is off (Fig. 1.14). Turn on the front wheels before engaging the front axle. Switch on the bridge while the vehicle is moving.
10 - heater.
11 - transfer case control lever. It has three positions: forward - direct gear is on, middle - neutral, rear - downshift is on (Fig. 1.15). Before downshifting, turn on front axle. Engage downshifts with the clutch disengaged and only when the vehicle is at a complete stop.
12 - gear lever. The switching diagram is shown on the handle and in fig. 1.16 Change gears by smoothly pressing the lever without jerks. If it is not possible to engage the required gear before starting off, then slightly release the clutch pedal, and then disengage the clutch a second time and engage the gear. When shifting from a higher gear to a lower one, it is recommended to use a double clutch disengagement with a short press on the control pedal throttle valve. Engage reverse gear only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop. When reversing, the reversing light turns on.
13 - parking brake lever. To turn on the lever, move it back, to turn it off, press the button at the end of the lever and move the lever forward until it stops. When the parking brake is applied, the red warning lamp lights up on the instrument panel.
14- handle for driving the hatch cover for ventilation and heating of the body.
15 - handle of the fuel tank switching valve. The handle is turned forward - the tap is closed, turned to the left - the left tank is turned on, turned to the right - the right tank is turned on. On cars with one fuel tank, the valve is not installed.
16 - carburetor throttle control pedal.
17 - pedal of the working brake system. Brake the car smoothly, gradually increasing the pressure on the pedal. When braking, do not bring the wheels to slip, as in this case the braking effect is significantly reduced (compared to rolling braking) and tire wear is increased. In addition, strong and abrupt braking on a slippery road can cause the car to skid.
18 - clutch pedal. When shifting gears and starting off, the clutch pedal should be pressed quickly and to the full, and released smoothly. Slow or incomplete depressing of the pedal causes the clutch to slip, making it difficult to change gears and causing increased wear on the clutch disc. When the pedal is suddenly released (especially when starting off), the load on the transmission increases, which can lead to deformation of the clutch disc and other transmission parts. When the car is moving, do not keep your foot on the clutch pedal, as this leads to partial disengagement of the clutch and disc slip.
19 - foot switch for headlights. Pressing the button, with the headlights on, turns on the dipped or high beam headlights. Not installed on vehicles with multi-function paddle shifters.
20 - portable lamp socket.
21 - control knob for radiator blinds. Under certain operating conditions and climatic conditions to maintain the temperature of the engine coolant within 70-80 ° C, it is necessary to regulate the amount of air cooling the radiator using shutters. Pulling the handle closes the shutters.
22 - rear-view mirror (external).
23 - turn signal switch handle. The handle automatically returns to the neutral position when the steering wheel is turned.
V reverse side(when the car goes straight). On some cars, multifunctional steering column switches are installed (see Fig. 1.24).
24 - carburetor throttle control knob. The extended handle is fixed by turning it 90° in either direction.
25 - carburetor air damper control knob. The extended handle is fixed by turning it 90° in either direction.
Location of instruments/switches

Fig.1.17. Dashboard UAZ-31512	1 - alarm switch. When the switch button is pressed, the lamps of all indicators and turn repeaters, the signal lamp for turning on the direction indicators (pos. 6) and the indicator lamp inside the switch button simultaneously work in a flashing mode. 2 - speedometer. Shows the speed of the car in km/h, and the counter installed in it - the total mileage of the car in km. 3 - fuel level indicator in the tank. Each tank has its own indicator sensor (except for additional tanks). 4 - signal lamp for the emergency state of the brake system (red). Lights up when the tightness of one of the circuits of the hydraulic drive to the brake mechanisms is violated. 5 - signal lamp for turning on the parking brake (red). 6 - signal lamp for turning on the direction indicators (green). Operates in flashing mode when turn signal switch or hazard warning switch is turned on. 7 - signal lamp for emergency overheating of the coolant in the radiator. 8 - signal lamp for switching on the main beam of headlights (blue). 9 - coolant temperature gauge in the engine block. 10 - signal lamp for emergency oil pressure. Lights up when the oil pressure in the engine lubrication system drops to 118 kPa (1.2 kgf/cm2) 11 - oil pressure gauge in the engine lubrication system. 12 - voltmeter. Shows the voltage in the car's on-board network. 13 - cigarette lighter. To heat the cigarette lighter coil, press the insert handle, push it until it locks into the housing and release the handle. When the required heating temperature of the coil is reached, the insert automatically returns to its original position. Forced holding of the insert in the recessed position is not allowed. 14 - lighting lamp (installed on UAZ-31512, on other models a ceiling lamp is installed) 15 - light switch (plafond) lighting. On some models, the switch is located next to the ceiling. 16 - carburetor throttle control knob. 17 - switch for fuel level sensors in tanks. 18 - rear fog light switch with built-in turn signal lamp 19 - fog light switch. 20 - combined ignition and starter switch (see fig. 1.22 and 1 23). The key from the ignition switch of UAZ-31514, UAZ-31519, UAZ-3153 cars is removed only in position III, while the locking mechanism is activated, blocking the steering shaft. To lock the steering in the parking lot, set the key to position III, remove it and turn the steering wheel in any direction until it clicks, which means that the tongue of the locking device has coincided with the groove of the locking sleeve of the steering wheel shaft. When unlocking the steering, insert the key into the ignition switch and, shaking the steering wheel left and right, turn the key clockwise to position 0. , which makes it possible to restart the engine only after the key is returned to position 0. Do not turn off the ignition and remove the key from the ignition switch while the vehicle is moving. Stopping the engine will result in a loss of braking efficiency, and when the ignition key is removed, the steering shaft will be blocked anti-theft device and the car becomes uncontrollable 21 - central light switch. It has three fixed positions, the first - everything is off; the second - side lights are on; third - side lights and dipped or main beam are on (depending on the position of the light switch). Turning the knob adjusts the intensity of the instrument lighting. On cars UAZ-3153, UAZ-33036, UAZ-39094, UAZ-39095, a key switch and a separate instrument lighting switch are installed. 22 - air control knob for the carburetor damper. 23 - wiper and washer switch knob (not installed on vehicles with multifunction steering column switches). Turning the handle turns on the wiper, pressing the handle in the axial direction turns on the washer. 24 - thermal fuse button in the lighting circuit. 25 - heater fan motor switch. It has three positions, off, low frequency of rotation of the electric motor is on, high frequency is on; heater fan motor rotation. 26 - levers of multifunctional steering column switches (see the positions of the levers in Fig. 1.24). 27 - instrument lighting switch. When the outdoor lighting is on, turn the knob to turn on the lighting of the devices and adjust their brightness. 28 - ashtray. 29 - hatch cover to the clutch hydraulic reservoir.
Rice. 1.18. Dashboard of cars UAZ-31514, UAZ-31519
Rice. 1.19. UAZ-3153 dashboard
Rice. 1.20. Dashboard of cars UAZ-3741, UAZ-3962, UAZ-3909, UAZ-2206, UAZ-3303
Rice. 1.21. Dashboard of cars UAZ-33036, UAZ-39094, UAZ-39095
Rice. 1.22. Key position in the ignition switch for UAZ-31512 and UAZ-3741 family vehicles: O - neutral position (fixed position); I-ignition on (fixed position); II - the ignition and starter are on (non-fixed position); III - the receiver is turned on (when it is installed; the position is fixed)
Rice. 1.23. Key positions in the ignition switch of UAZ-31514, UAZ-31519, UAZ-3153 cars: O - everything is off (fixed position); I - ignition on (fixed position); II - starter is on (non-fixed)

Rice. 1.24. Multifunctional paddle switches:

a - the switch lever for direction indicators and headlights has the following positions: I-direction indicators off; the dipped headlights are on if the headlights are turned on with the central light switch; II - left turn indicators are on (non-fixed position); III - left turn indicators are on (fixed position); IV - right turn indicators are on (non-fixed position); V - right turn indicators are on (fixed position); VI (pull) - high beam headlights are on, regardless of the position of the central light switch (non-fixed position); VII (away from you) - the main beam of the headlights is on, if the headlights are turned on by the central light switch (fixed position);

b - the wiper and washer switch lever has the following positions: I - wiper and washer off; II - the intermittent operation of the wiper is on (non-fixed position); III - the intermittent operation of the wiper is on (fixed position); TV - the constant mode (low speed) of the wiper is on (fixed position); V - the constant mode (high speed) of the wiper is on (fixed position); VI (pull) - the washer and wiper are on (non-fixed position); VII, VIII - not used

Gearbox - like on the Volga with a 4-mortar, razdatka (I'm talking about 3151 (469)) - NEAR LEVER forward-straight, middle neutral (one more, as in a checkpoint), back - lowered. Switch only on the spot with the front axle engaged! The front axle is switched on by the FAR LEVER: forward-on, back off.
Fig.1.16. Gear lever and its position.

On UAZ, unlike, say, NIVA, you can disconnect not only the bridge from the box, but also the hubs from the bridge. This is usually done (but not necessarily!) When driving on asphalt in order to save gasoline and the front axle. That is, with the clutches disconnected, the UAZ turns into a rear-wheel drive. If bad roads are not uncommon, then you should not turn off the hubs (not the bridge!) And they turn on and off either with quick-on clutches (it turns by hand into positions - 4x4 or 2x4, they stand instead of hub caps) or by screwing and unscrewing the nut under the hub cap. It is known where the hub cap is located, so there is nothing to climb under the car for. [Chief]

Somehow I'm going here 15-20 km / h, on the rear wheel drive. As usual, bare ice, holes and all that. Suddenly, I suddenly start to turn 90, I can’t do anything and I crash into the garage door. Why is that? Then I went to check this case on the site where there is ice and snow, and you can really turn around 180 degrees around the front axle, just give the gas to the floor.

This happens because one wheel hits a more slippery area and slips, and the other on less, and turns the car around its axis. To prevent this from happening, standard cars have a differential. With a lock, the cross-country ability and acceleration on slippery surfaces increase, but you just need to be ready for this and be able to drive with locks. [Kolka]

I agree, on ice, a car with locks does not behave in the best way. On the "Volga-Volga" I went into a ditch on the ABSOLUTE STRAIGHT! So be careful with blocking. Features of driving UAZ cars in various road, meteorological and climatic conditions from the Operating Instructions

The operation of the car and the service life largely depend on the characteristics of its driving. Proper driving of the car enables it to move at a high average speed and low fuel consumption when overcoming difficult sections of the road. Starting off on horizontal road sections or downhill is recommended to start in second gear. In all other cases, start moving in first gear. Change gears with the clutch disengaged.
Shift gears by gently pressing the lever without jerking. If it is not possible to engage the required gear before starting off, then slightly release the clutch pedal, and then disengage the clutch again and engage the gear.
Synchronizers in the gearbox allow gear shifting without double clutch release. However, in order to speed up the process of shifting gears and increase the life of synchronizers, it is recommended to use double clutch disengagement with a short press on the throttle pedal when shifting from higher to lower gear.
Engage reverse gear in the gearbox only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop. When the car is moving, do not keep your foot on the clutch pedal, as this leads to partial disengagement of the clutch and slipping of the disc. On a slippery road, the car should be driven evenly, at a low speed.
On vehicles with a carburetor equipped with a forced idle move, when braking the engine, fully release the carburetor throttle control pedal, otherwise the economizer will not turn off, which will lead to an increase in fuel consumption.
Brake the car smoothly, gradually increasing the pressure on the brake pedal. Any excessive braking increases tire wear and increases fuel consumption. When braking, do not bring the wheels to slip, as in this case the braking effect is significantly reduced (compared to rolling braking) and tire wear increases. In addition, strong and abrupt braking on a slippery road can cause the car to skid.
When driving off-road (sand, mud, snow, etc.), slippery roads, on high slopes (over 15 °) and other difficult sections of the road, do not overload the engine. In these conditions, include the front axle, and in especially difficult conditions, also a downshift in the transfer case. Before turning on the front axle, turn on the front wheels. Engage the front axle while the vehicle is moving by moving the lever to the front position. Engage the downshift in the transfer case only when the car is completely stopped by moving the lever to the rear position with the clutch disengaged. Turn it on only when the front wheels and front axle are on.

Overcoming steep ascents and descents. The movement of the car on roads with steep ascents and descents requires increased attention and speed of action from the driver. Determine the steepness of the slope in advance and engage the gear in the gearbox that will provide the necessary traction on the wheels so as not to change gears on the slope. Steep climbs must be overcome in a reduction gear in the transfer case and in first gear in the gearbox. Climbing climbs without stopping and, if possible, without turning. Short climbs with a convenient access and a relatively flat road surface can be overcome from acceleration without engaging a downshift in the transfer case, in second or third gear in the gearbox, depending on the steepness of the climb. If for some reason it is impossible to overcome the slope, then take all precautions and go down slowly, engaging the reverse gear. Go down gradually, without accelerating the car and without disengaging the clutch. When overcoming steep descents, provide measures to ensure the safety of the descent. When overcoming a long descent (more than 50 m), preliminarily evaluate its steepness and engage those gears in the gearbox and transfer case, in which the car would overcome the slope of such steepness. To overcome such descents, using engine braking.
Forbidden descend without using the brakes with the gearbox and transfer case disengaged or with the clutch disengaged.
Do not allow a high speed of the crankshaft on the descent, slow down the car periodically, reducing its speed.

Overcoming ditches, roadside ditches and ditches carry out at low speed with the front axle engaged in the direction perpendicular to the slope, taking into account the dimensions of the vehicle, which determine its cross-country ability. Do not cross obstacles immediately if a frontal impact on the wheels is possible.
When overcoming ditches and ditches, take into account the possibility of hanging the car obliquely and getting it stuck due to wheel slip.

Driving on dirty country and profiled roads on clay and chernozem soil. On clay and chernozem soils, after heavy rain, the car may get side slips while driving. Therefore, be very careful when choosing the direction of travel. While driving, choose relatively horizontal sections of the track, skillfully using the already laid track, which prevents the car from lateral skidding. Particular driving difficulties may arise when driving on excessively wet shaped roads with a steep profile and deep ditches. On such roads, you should move along the ridge carefully and at low speed.

Overcoming wetlands proceed in a straight line, without making sharp turns and stops. Start moving smoothly, without jerks. Move with the front axle engaged and the reduction gear in the transfer case, with the gear in the gearbox, which would provide the necessary traction force on the drive wheels without slipping. Make the necessary turns smoothly with a large radius, without reducing the speed of the car, which will eliminate the possibility of breaking the turf and slipping the wheels. Avoid driving on the trail laid in front of the car in front.

Overcoming sandy areas perform with observance of the possible smooth movement, avoiding jerks and stops. Make turns smoothly and with a large radius. When driving, use the highest possible gears with the front axle engaged, and overcome the slopes and short sandy slopes on the move. Avoid wheel spin. Determine the traffic situation in advance and engage the gear in the gearbox that would provide the necessary traction on the wheels. When driving in a column, follow the trail of the vehicle in front.

Overcoming the ford produce with great care. The car is capable of fording at low speed with hard ground up to 700 mm deep with the fan belt removed and the radiator shutters closed. A ford up to 500 mm deep can be crossed without removing the fan belt, but with the radiator shutters closed. Before crossing the ford, carefully check the condition of the bottom, make sure that there are no deep holes, large stones, swampy places, and also select and check the places where the car enters and exits the water.
It is necessary to overcome the ford carefully, without creating waves in front of the car, in first or second gear in the gearbox with the front axle engaged and the reduction gear in the transfer case.
Avoid maneuvering and sharp turns.
After overcoming the ford, as soon as possible, but no later than on the same day, check the condition of the oil in all units. If water is found in the oil, drain the oil from this unit. The presence of water in the oil is determined by the change in its color. Also lubricate all chassis grease fittings before squeezing out fresh grease. At each exit of the car from the ford, perform several incomplete disengagements of the clutch and braking to dry friction linings clutch and brake pads.
When stopping the car engine while overcoming the ford, you can make two or three attempts to start the engine with a starter. If the engine does not start, then immediately evacuate the car from the water by any means. In case of water penetration into the vehicle units, you should not move under its own power after removing it from the water. Tow the vehicle to a location where maintenance can be carried out.

Driving on the snow the vehicle can travel on snow up to 350 mm deep. Car turns in the same way as when driving through a swampy area. When driving on loose snow, apply the same traffic rules as when driving on sand. Features of driving a four-wheel drive car from the 4x4 conference

The most important thing is not to lose control of the car. This can be achieved with some experience. No need to immediately storm the steep slopes.

Descent from the hill. The main thing is not to be afraid: o) It is very good when there is a person who watches and controls the behavior of the machine from the outside. The first thing - we get up strictly perpendicular to the line of the slope. We carefully drive up to the slope and fix the moment when the front wheels have already fallen into the slope and when the brake is released, the car is about to roll everything! from this moment there is no way back, unless you are dragged back by a swan: o) We don’t touch the steering wheel further, it is understood that the wheels are straight, no brake pedal, only by the engine, carefully on one of the lower gears we roll down, slightly taxiing at the end of the descent. There are nuances how to choose the right gear on the descent. This is different for different machines and of course depends on the soil of the slope. The main thing is that the engine does not slow down the wheels so much that they go skidding - otherwise, a breakdown of the wheels, an uncontrolled trajectory and ears (on a steep slope) are inevitable.
If the car went skidding, you need to add gas so that the wheels regain traction with the ground, then you can release the gas. To perform this maneuver, preliminary training on long descents without interference from the front is recommended. [_sergey_]

Climb- it is harder and more insidious. We turn on the lower row and in the second, third gear we accelerate and forward. There are several main points. The first and very important thing is to move along the rise only perpendicularly. No oblique paths. Second, you can't switch. Gear shifting - braking, which leads to a breakdown of the wheels and digging. Third - if you stopped do not turn the steering wheel.
The main rule is that you can’t go up the hill from which you would not go down, because if you don’t stop, you will have to go down, and backwards. [_sergey_]
If the car can stay on the slope with standard brakes, then slowly turn on reverse gear and as slowly as possible without slowing down with regular brakes, roll back to the original one.
If the car stalls, then holding the brake with one foot, engage reverse gear and simultaneously release the brake and clutch. Then roll as if descending. [_sergey_]

Experience in the middle mountains 1500-3000 m. There is a very insidious moment on the descent along a rocky road (in the sense of boulders) - running into a bridge, protecting boulders. Moreover, you can skip these places flying up without even clicking.
I choose the speed on the descent from the slope. Like it or not, you have to use the brakes on the rocks, especially in the places of rock outcrops. Also, on the brakes, you have to slide off large boulders.
Still at altitude after 1800m. there is a possibility that the engine may stall on a sharp descent and the brake is pressed in front of a boulder or pit.

The descent from the sand dunes never pass on the brakes. You should select the lowest gear of the low range and go downhill by braking the engine. Although we met fans of scolding the dunes at high speed.

The passage of climbs will depend on the machine. On the field, I usually (if the surface permits) accelerate the car and try to go as far as possible, then switch to a lower gear until the dynamics drop. On heavier machines, it is better to immediately insert the right one before a heavy lift. (Evaluation usually comes with experience). Turning on too low is also not worth it, the wheels start to slip when the front or rear part is thrown up. At the same time, short-wheelbase cars begin to terribly goat.
If there are a lot of gullies, potholes and stones, then the speed must be immediately chosen sufficient to pass the ascent plus the intersection.
At the same time, wheels should be avoided getting into longitudinal ruts and gullies, especially if the speed is high enough.

It should be noted that the engine thrust noticeably decreases at an altitude after 2000 m. and falls very sharply at altitudes close to 3 thousand meters. Therefore, the choice of speed must be made with amendments.

Wet rocky descents in places where rocky ledges come out are passed as in icy conditions without the use of brakes (where possible), or at very low speed (almost on the spot) with brakes and low gear engaged (Preferably when the road is completely unknown or there are a lot of boulders). In other cases - just hope for a good outcome.
In the rain on long clay slopes or greasy black earth, no matter how tempted to go, you have to wait for the sun or wind to dry the earth. In the mountains, going down a long, steep and wet clay surface is tantamount to suicide, especially if the edge of the road goes down not even a cliff, but just a very sharp descent.

Short straight wet descents ending in flat glades can be safely passed by braking the engine without brakes. You can already catch a car in the clearing :-))

Descent and ascent on snow-covered slopes with sleet is fraught with lateral slips into potholes and the car lying sideways in a snowdrift. What to do if there is no rigid hitch, but you need to tow?

A method peeped at by ferrymen.
Behind the UAZ (315 *) there are mini bumpers - bumpers. You bolt the fenders (they have holes) of two UAZs tightly "tail-to-tail". A metal ring can be put on the towbars of both cars. The steering wheel does not need to be fixed. Only in this position there will be no problems with turning. And
How to calculate the thickness of the ice so as not to fall through?

H=0.12*SQRT(M), where H is the thickness in meters, M is the weight in tons

Imagine the situation: you are driving on an asphalt road, and you need to turn onto a country road, where there are numerous potholes and, possibly, even dirt. On one rear-wheel drive it is impossible to pass. In this case, it comes to the rescue front-wheel drive car, but for this it must be used.

Instruction

In order to do this, first stop the car. Then check if the front wheel quick engagement clutches are working. If they are not on, then turn them all the way clockwise. Then move the rightmost lever forward. With these actions, you have made the front wheels drive, which means that they will rotate on a par with the rear.

You drive on and enjoy the bridge UAZ but the country road is getting worse and worse. The engine starts to work hard and tighten even in first gear. The car cannot handle the load and stalls. In order for the machine to run smoothly and easily, you need to stop again. Then pull the middle lever back. With this action, you have switched on a lower gear in the transfer case. In addition, in low mode you will have all the same four gears. This means that when enabled low gear on the very road where you were driving in the first and the engine was dragging on, you can freely ride in the second, and in the third, and even in the fourth gear.

So you drove a difficult stretch of road and drove onto the highway, and the car begins to growl at low speed, even in the fourth gear. This is due to the fact that there is a lower stage in the transfer case. To avoid this, switch the transfer case to a higher gear. To do this, move the middle lever forward as far as it will go.

In addition, it would be better for you to turn off the front axle, since with both axles on, the car consumes 1 - 1.5 liters of gasoline more. To do this, move the right lever to the rear position. For a more comfortable ride, you can also disable the quick-release clutches. It also helps to reduce fuel consumption and reduce the noise level when driving.