Why the mayor and Khlestakov found a common language. Test work on the text of the comedy N
It would seem difficult to imagine more different heroes than
Khlestakov and the mayor in N. V. Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector". A bunch of
their differences from each other immediately catches the eye. In my own way
social position, the heroes are far apart from each other and
in the normal course of events, they should not occur at all. mayor
- "older in the service" man, he began his career
from the lower ranks and all his life hard, but steadily climbed
career ladder, until he took the main position in the county
city. Anton Antonovich firmly established himself in this post, tidied up
to the hands of the whole town and no one is going to soon
give up power. Khlestakov, on the contrary, has a small rank, "elis-
a simple spender, ”in the words of his servant Osip, and even then he couldn’t
stay in one of the St. Petersburg offices and, after taking a walk
on his father's money, forced to return to the village.
The characters of the characters are quite consistent with their position. mayor
behaves solidly, his speech is unhurried and serious, his words
significant. He is an experienced man, knows how to portray an honest and ingenuous
campaigner, so you won’t immediately guess that this is a big
rogue. The mayor is cunning and prudent, with ordinary people he is not
on ceremony, but can, if necessary, appear courteous. Khlestakov
but the “emptiest” person, “without a king in his head”, he is absolutely
does not think about the consequences of his words and thoughts. Khlestakov is driven
primitive desire for pleasure, which he reports completely
openly: "After all, you live on that to pluck the flowers of pleasure."
Gogol emphasized that his hero is not at all a clever swindler,
but just a frivolous young man to the extreme.
The appearance of the characters is also quite consistent with their characters.
The respectable mayor has short hair and is dressed in a uniform, and Khlestakov
spends the last money on a fashionable hairstyle and "particular
dress”, just to throw dust in the eyes of the neighboring landowners.
In a word, at first glance, the characters are completely different and socially
position, and in character, and in appearance. And still
something unites them, otherwise Khlestakov could not have settled on
rights dear guest in the mayor's house and for a while
swap places with the "father of the city". There is, of course, a specific
the reason for this turn of events is the “unpleasant news” that
that an auditor from St. Petersburg should secretly come to the city. However
Khlestakov looks so little like an important official that an experienced
the mayor should have immediately bitten him. Neither route from St. Petersburg
into the village, nor the capital's costume could not be introduced for a long time
misled the mayor. Cause of the ongoing misunderstanding
lies in another.
Let's remember how the characters behave when they first meet. They are both
tremble with fear of each other, and fear, as you know, has “eyes
great." What causes the mutual fear of Khlestakov and the mayor?
Khlestakov never thought in advance about the responsibility for
their actions. In Petersburg, he was engaged not in the service, but in entertainment,
spent his father's money in a week and then sent Osip
sell a new tailcoat at the flea market. On the way home Khlestakov
lost completely in cards and by the time of the meeting with the mayor already
the second week he lived in a hotel on credit. Naturally he was scared
the arrival of an important person, because he decided that he was being arrested and sent
to jail.
Much more serious are the reasons for the mayor's fear. Already from the first
comedy action, it becomes clear to us that a high position
for Anton Antonovich - a means of illegal enrichment.
The mayor shamelessly takes bribes, robs merchants, creates arbitrariness,
appropriates public money and cares not about execution
service, but about concealing their crimes. To match the boss and the rest
officials in the city: a judge who deals primarily
hunting, trustee of hospitals where people recover "like flies",
a postmaster who, out of curiosity, reads other people's letters ... Such subordinates
only add to fear, and do not reassure the mayor.
As a result, general fear gives rise to a completely absurd situation:
Khlestakov begins to babble some fantastic nonsense
about their significance, and officials, led by the mayor, play along
him, imagining that they managed to escape from the auditor. They even rejoice
when Khlestakov, more and more impudent, takes bribes from them. Khlestakov himself
does not understand well why it is the mayor and officials creep
in front of him, the townspeople make some petitions, so
even Osip is forced to remark to the owner that, apparently, he was mistaken for
someone else's. Heeding the advice of a clever servant, Khlestakov
leaves the city, and manages to blithely propose
daughter of the mayor and receive the blessing of her parents. Like
type of behavior received after the release of the comedy title
"Khlestakovism". It is curious that the mayor also becomes infected with "Khlestakovism
": after seeing off the future son-in-law, this experienced campaigner suddenly
begins to fantasize about the rank of general, orders, secular
life in Petersburg is no worse than Khlestakov. The more destructive
on the mayor's unexpected discovery that Khlestakov did not
auditor, but "icicle", "rag".
So, we are convinced that, despite the obvious differences between the heroes
in social status and characters, they are united by fear of
punishment for dishonest acts. Gorodnichiy and Khlestakov makes
similar to their selfishness, unwillingness to work conscientiously, habit
live at the expense of others. Gogol emphasizes that such types are not
exception, but the rule. Gorodnichiy, Khlestakov and all other heroes
comedies only obey those unjust orders that
reign in Russia. They are accustomed to living by deceit and therefore they themselves often
are deceived. This is not Khlestakov outwitted and scared
mayor and officials, and they themselves are confused in their own
fears and lies.
Many critics and literary scholars note that the main string of Gogol's work is laughter through tears. Both laughter and tears are caused by the ugly social structure of Russia. In his comedy The Inspector General, the writer deeply revealed the vices and shortcomings of the bureaucratic world, exposing the entire rotten system of Russia. Not without reason, after the first performance of The Inspector General, Nicholas I said: “Well, what a play! Everyone got it, but I got it more than anyone. ”
What makes Khlestakov and the mayor related - these, it would seem, such completely different people? Different in age, social status, mental development and, finally, character? What do the tall, well-fed, dignified Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky and the small, puny, "stupid" Khlestakov have in common?
Both of them are representatives of the bureaucratic world, endowed with everything peculiar to this world, negative qualities. The mayor began his service from the lower ranks, gradually making service career. Khlestakov is also a petty Petersburg official. Both are vain and ambitious. But the mayor is “a man created by circumstances”, the embodiment of common sense, dexterity, cunning calculation, while Khlestakov is a careless and frivolous, empty braggart, a man “without a king in his head”. Despite this difference, they have a lot in common. Both are hypocrites, dishonest people. \
The mayor in the city entrusted to him behaves like a county king. He not only shamelessly takes bribes from merchants and townspeople, but also calmly pockets the money allocated by the state for the construction of the church, not at all caring about the prosperity of the city. Having mistook Khlestakov for the expected auditor, he shows extraordinary "diplomatic abilities": obsequious to the "state person", he deftly "screws" Khlestakov instead of two hundred rubles four hundred. Upon learning that Khlestakov is asking for the hand of his daughter, the mayor immediately makes plans for how he will live in St. Petersburg, and over time, having such a son-in-law, he will be able to "get into the generals." Khlestakov at first does not even guess who they take him for. He lives in the present moment and gives himself entirely to the "pleasantness" of the new position. And his main quality - vanity, the desire to show off, to splurge - manifests itself in full measure. He inspiredly composes fables about his situation in St. Petersburg. A small official, he takes particular pleasure in portraying a strict boss, who, like a mayor, scolds his subordinates, putting things in proper order. And just like the mayor, he loves to take bribes, even from his future father-in-law.
Everything that Khlestakov tells about Petersburg high society, all the pictures of a brilliant life that he unfolds - everything corresponds to the most cherished dreams and the aspirations of the mayor, strawberry, Shpekin, Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, their ideas about "real life".
Ivan Alexandrovich Khlestakov is the very soul of all the bureaucratic servility of Nicholas I and the ideal of a person in this society.
Thus, both of these people - both Khlestakov and the mayor Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, are close in spirit. Both are lackeys by nature, vain and ambitious people, liars and bribe-takers who use their official position for selfish purposes.
Gogol brilliantly debunked toadying, eyewash, embezzlement, which were typical for Russia of his time.
What do Khlestakov and the mayor have in common in N.V. Gogol's "Inspector"
Main actors comedy nv Gogol's "Inspector General", no doubt, are the mayor and Khlestakov.
In the work, these characters act as opponents. The mayor takes Khlestakov for an auditor sent to their county town with a check. The task of Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky is to hide from Khlestakov "traces of his activities", because things in the city are going badly. Bribery, theft, corruption and arbitrariness reign in the city. Anton Antonovich knows this very well, so he does everything to "oil" the inspector - with the help of bribes, make him turn a blind eye to all violations in the city.
Khlestakov, in turn, is initially afraid of the mayor, because he believes that he will send him to prison for non-payment of debts in the hotel. And later, realizing who they take him for, the hero begins to use the generosity of the mayor and officials, to deceive them.
In the finale of the comedy, the “struggle” between the mayor and Khlestakov reaches its peak: “I took an icicle, a rag for important person! There he is now flooding the whole road with a bell! Spread history around the world.
It seems that Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky and Khlestakov are completely different people. However, if you look closely, carefully, they have a lot in common.
Both characters are great at adapting to situations. So, Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky treats his subordinates with condescension, he is often rude and unfair with them: “Chsh! such clubfoot bears - knocking with their boots! So it falls, as if someone is throwing forty pounds from a cart! Where the devil is taking you?
But with superiors, Anton Antonovich - courtesy and attentiveness itself. Mistaking Khlestakov for the auditor, Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky is very polite and obliging with him. He tries to please Ivan Alexandrovich in everything, to predict his slightest desire, if only the "inspector" was satisfied.
The same and Khlestakov. Let's remember how he treats his servant Osip (“Ah, was he lying on the bed again?) Or the tavern servant (“Well, master, master ... I don’t give a damn about your master! What is it?”). And the hero speaks to the mayor in a completely different way: “On the contrary, if you please, I am happy. I am much more comfortable in a private house than in this tavern.
In addition, both Anton Antonovich and Khlestakov do not hesitate to take bribes and deceive. So, Ivan Alexandrovich took money from all the officials, allegedly asked for a loan, a huge amount of money, knowing that he would not return it. And we learn about the fact that the mayor takes bribes from the inhabitants of the city and his subordinates at the very beginning of the comedy: ..."
But even these seemingly completely immoral people have their own hidden dreams. And they're connected to them high position in society. It turns out that the mayor dreams of becoming a general, having all the privileges of a general, enjoying respect and fame: “After all, why do you want to be a general? - because, it happens, you go somewhere - courier and adjutants will jump forward everywhere: “Horses!” And there at the stations they won’t give it to anyone, everything is waiting: all these titular, captains, mayor’s, and you don’t even blow your mustache.
Khlestakov also dreams of being a "high-flying bird" - all his "lies" to officials and the mayor's family are talking about this. The hero dreams of being someone significant, deserving respect, universal reverence and reverence.
However, both heroes are deceived in their hopes - we understand that they will never get what they dream about. The dreams of Khlestakov and the mayor are broken and unfulfilled.
Thus, both heroes of the comedy "The Inspector General" are united by the fact that they are "people of the system" - the evil that reigns in the country. Gogol shows how this immoral and anti-spiritual system disfigures people, turns them into nonentities capable of any baseness. This system kills the soul in people, making them deeply unhappy.
No one had ever before him (Gogol) read such a complete pathoanatomical course on a Russian official. With laughter on his lips, he mercilessly penetrates into the innermost folds of the impure, malicious bureaucratic soul. Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector", his poem " Dead Souls” represent a terrible confession of modern Russia.
A.I. Herzen
"The Inspector General" is a well-known comedy related to the pen of N.V. Gogol, is considered one of the brightest dramatic works Russian prose 19th century.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol continued the traditions of Russian drama in the genre of satire. His comedy The Inspector General succinctly fit into the thematic line laid down by the famous comedies of D.I. Fonvizin "Undergrowth" and A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit".
But, despite the comedy genre, the work "The Government Inspector" is deeply realistic, as it penetrates into the life structure of the small and middle bureaucratic class of the provincial cities of Russia in the second quarter of the 19th century. Penetrating into the very soul, Gogol exposes the world that these people are building, revealing their hidden intentions and characters.
Having barely opened the comedy "The Inspector General", we understand that in addition to the meaning and problems inherent in the work itself, we will deal with characters whose character, whose life priorities are already revealed in their surnames. Speaking surnames each hero of the work has. For example, the surname of a private bailiff: Ukhovertov, - and a county doctor: Gibner.
Thanks to the surnames from the first acquaintance with the characters, we understand who we will deal with in the future. For example, by the name of the county doctor Kh.I. Gibner, it can be judged that almost everyone he treated died. So it looks more like not a surname, but a nickname.
Gogol wrote critical remarks characterizing each of the main acting characters. These remarks help to better understand the character of each hero, their soul and thoughts. For example, what are Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov and Anton Antonovich Skvoznyak-Dmukhanovsky, the mayor? What are they?
Mayor: "Although he is a bribe-taker, he behaves very respectably."
Khlestakov: “Without a king in my head. He speaks and acts without any thought.
It seems that they are people of the same warehouse, both are drawn to power, they love it when everyone crawls at their feet. At the end of the comedy, Anton Antonovich becomes a braggart of the highest rank, a dreamer (however, like Anna Andreevna, his wife).
“Now we intend to live in St. Petersburg. And here, I confess, there is such an air ... too rustic! .. I confess, a big nuisance ... Here is my husband: there he will receive the rank of general.
This is the limit of their dreams they have reached: Give them Petersburg, he (the mayor) really wants to be a general.
And in act II, phenomenon VIII, see how he tries to pass himself off as a virtue, apparently wanting to suck up to the "auditor" by this.
“I wish you good health! Sorry. It is my duty, as the mayor of the city here, to see to it that those passing by and everyone noble people no harassment"...
But what did the “auditor” look like at that time? He thought that they were going to put him in jail for not paying for the hotel, food. And the mayor...
How could he mistake some ragged impostor for such a high person as the Inspector General. This is excusable for Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, who are positioned in county town like local fools, gossips. With them and communicate in accordance with these personal qualities: with contempt or patronage. But unlike them, the mayor is a smart enough person, which does not prevent him from being a first-class rogue, and, perhaps, even contributes to his prosperity in roguery. Well, in the house of Anton Antonovich Khlestakov behaved like a real official (a great actor).
“Words fly out of him with inspiration: ending the last word phrase, he does not remember her first word, ”wrote V.G. Belinsky.
Well, who, tell me, will not grind nonsense, fearing something. Khlestakov thought that he would be sent to prison, but, on the contrary, he was invited to the house of an important and significant person in the city. Khlestakov gained money, honor, refreshments, which is why even without wine you can come to some kind of half-drunk relaxation.
Gogol in an article about the theater wrote that in his comedy he reflected only one private person, whose name is "Laughter". Laughter, and not at all the auditor, who arrived, at the highest command.
1 .The type of literature to which the work of N.V. Gogol
A) lyrics B) drama C) epic
2 . What request did Gogol make in October 1835 to A.S. Pushkin?
3. When and where was The Inspector General staged for the first time?
4 . Similar to each other, Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, according to the author's intention, had a difference in that:
A) they had different names and patronymic;
B) Dobchinsky was more serious than Bobchinsky
C) Bobchinsky spoke in a patter.
5 .The speech of Lyapkin-Tyapkin Gogol compared:
A) with the creak of an opening door
B) with an old clock that first hisses and then strikes.
C) with a blow of a hammer on an anvil.
6 . Khlestakov is capable
A) be logical B) surprise others with sparkling humor
C) to say absurdities and lie non-stop
7. In the scene of lies, Gogol uses
8.
A) can cheat
B) ardent natures, romantics
B) are in the public service
9. What instructions does the Mayor give to Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin?
10 .Who first reports the arrival of an unknown person in the city?
11. Recognize the hero by the description: “He speaks seriously; he looks down a little, he is a reasoner and loves to lecture himself for his master ... He is smarter than his master, and therefore he guesses more quickly, but does not like to talk much, and in silence, a rogue.
12 . Who owns the expression: "... a simple man: if he dies, he will die, if he recovers, then he will recover anyway."
13 .Having learned the truth about Khlestakov, the Governor:
A) was afraid that everyone would now laugh at him
B) was indignant that he could not see a stupid boy in him
C) was glad that he was not an auditor.
14 .Who took bribes with greyhound puppies?
Test based on the comedy by N.V. Gogol "The Government Inspector"
1. When was The Inspector General conceived and written?
2. The plot of The Inspector General was suggested to Gogol:
3. What task did the playwright set when creating this comedy?
A) do not have development in the text, since this image is static and has a similarity with other characters
B) does not have confirmation in the text, because Strawberries zealously serve "for the good of the Fatherland"
C) is confirmed by the text of the play, when Strawberry tells Khlestakov all the ins and outs of the life of the city and the activities of officials.
5. Khlestakov:
A) seriously wants to marry Marya Antonovna;
B) wants to score as much as possible more money in the house;
C) does everything as if by chance, without planning anything and without thinking about the consequences.
6. Khlestakovism is
A) shameless, unbridled boasting and senseless, unexpected actions for the hero himself
B) the desire to follow fashion in everything.
C) careerism, fraud
7. What shortcomings in the work indicate the trustee of charitable institutions Strawberry?
8. Why does Khlestakov need the money he takes from officials?
9. Why are officials afraid of the auditor?
10. Recognize the hero by the description: “A person who is not very stupid in his own way ... He behaves solidly, is quite serious, somewhat resonant, speaks neither loudly nor quietly, neither more nor less. His every word is significant. His features are rough and tough ... "
11. Recognize the hero by the remark: “I often see writers. With Pushkin on a friendly footing. I used to often say to him: “Well, what, brother Pushkin? “Yes, brother,” he used to answer, “because somehow everything ...”
12. How old was Khlestakov?
13. What assessment did V. G. Belinsky give to the comedy?
14. How do officials find out that Khlestakov is an imaginary auditor?
Control work on the comedy by N.V. Gogol "The Government Inspector" AT 3
1 .How many years did N.V. Gogol work on the text of the comedy?
2 . How did contemporaries perceive the production of the comedy?
3. Gorodnichiy and Khlestakov are united by the fact that both:
A) can cheat
B) ardent natures, romantics
C) are in the public service.
4 .Khlestakov's courtship of Marya Antonovna is:
A) an accidental intrigue that strengthened his position in the mayor's house
B) a real bright feeling in love
C) cruel mockery of a provincial young lady
5 . Khlestakov's boasting against the backdrop of worship and respect for officials is caused primarily by:
A) a childish naive dream of being a statesman,
B) fear for their position, which can change at any moment,
C) stupidity, windiness, Khlestakov's impunity in the circumstances.
6 .How does the mayor perform his duties?
7 . What is the theme of comedy? Why did Emperor Nicholas 1 say: “Well, what a play! Everyone got it, but me more than anyone!
8. Recognize the hero from the description: “A young man of about twenty-three, thin, thin, somewhat stupid and, as they say, without a king in his head, is one of those people who are called empty in the offices. He speaks and acts without any consideration ... His speech is jerky, and words fly out of his mouth completely unexpectedly ... "
9. Who owns the expression: “What are you laughing at? “You’re laughing at yourself!…”
10 .Who was the first to offer to "slip" a bribe to Khlestakov?
11 . What is the mayor dissatisfied with in the improvement of the city, and what claims does he make to the private bailiff Stepan Ilyich Ukhovertov?
12 . The climactic scene in The Inspector General:
A) a conversation between the mayor and Khlestakov in a tavern,
B) the scene of Khlestakov's lies in the mayor's house,
C) the dreams of the mayor and his wife about life in St. Petersburg.
13 . In the scene of lies, Gogol uses
A) antithesis B) hyperbole C) comparison
14 . The plot of The Inspector General was suggested to Gogol:
A) V.A. Zhukovsky B) A.S. Pushkin V) V.G. Belinsky
