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Time clauses (when, as soon as, till, untill, after, before). Relative clauses of time and conditions in Future Simple (for continuing)

We have repeatedly said that after conjunctions denoting time and condition (when, after, before, if etc.), we do not put group tenses Future , and replace them with present . But then the observant student naturally has a question: but there are four times of the Present group! How to choose the right one?

There is a simple answer to this question. Or rather, the same as we gave when studying: you need to compare the action in the main and in the subordinate clause. Let's take a look at all 4 group times present in the light of subordinate clauses of time and conditions that convey the action in the future tense.

Table. Relative clauses of time and conditions in English

How do we explain timing?	Main offer	Subordinate clause
Simple action in the future	We will call you	when we finish (instead of will finish ) the project.
Long-term action in the future		while you are staying (instead of will be staying) in the hotel.
The action in the clause precedes the action in the main	We will call you	after we have finished ( instead of will have finished) the project.
The continuous action in the subordinate clause precedes the action in the main	We will call you	if we have been planning ( instead of will have been planning) the project for more than two days.

It is easy to see that in the subordinate clauses of time and condition, you just need to remove will to put right time. You can also observe another regularity: group times Perfect in the subordinate clause are put in the presence of the union "after" ( after ) and synonymous with it.

Despite such simple conclusions, we still have to warn you: sentences with when and if unions are not always adjectives of time and condition and answer the questions “when?” and "on what condition?" respectively. Take, for example, the following complex sentence:

I don't know when his parents will return from the vacation.

In the segment " when his parents will return from the vacation " There is will , although this is a subordinate clause with the union when . What's the catch then? The catch is that it is this subordinate clause that answers the question “what?” (I don't know what? - when his parents return from vacation.) Therefore, it expresses neither time nor condition. Thus, the following rule can be deduced:

We determine whether to put will or not, not by alliances ( when, if, during, while, after, etc. .) but on the question of the subordinate clause. Will is not placed in front of subordinate clauses that answer the questions "when?" and "under what condition?".

As a conclusion, we offer you one more hint: as a rule, exceptions to the series of subordinate clauses that answer the question “what?” Act after the words “informative content”, that is, those that are related to cognitive activity: know, learn, hear, say, ask etc…

Although, for now we will formally assume that the tense of the verb, which is called Future Simple Tense, is the main way to express the future tense in English. By the way, in complex sentences of time and conditions in English, which will be discussed in this lesson, Future Simple Tense is used.

What are adverbial clauses of time and conditions?

They can refer to the present and future tenses (real conditions), as well as unreal. In this lesson, we will focus on complex sentences that refer to the future, type

If the weather is good, I will go for a walk.

Such sentences in English are called conditional sentences of the FIRST TYPE (First Conditionals). Another name is When and If Sentences / First Conditional and Time Clauses.

Please note that in the example in Russian in both parts: in the first part (subordinate) and in the second part (main), the future tense is used.

However, the RULE works in English: there is no future after IF / WHEN.

It means that in the subordinate clause instead of Future Simple, you need to use Present Simple.

NOTE. Instead of the union IF, any other can stand union of time or condition.

Now it's time to get acquainted with the unions of time and condition.

2. Unions of time and conditions in English

If you are a beginner, then remember the two main unions if (if) And when (when).

I will stay if she comes. - I'll stay If she will come.
I will leave when he comes. - I'll leave, When he will come.

A. Conditional conjunctions in English:

if - if
unless - if not
on condition that - provided that

I will stay if she comes. - I'll stay If she will come.
I will stay providing she comes. — I will stay provided that only she will come.
I won't stay unless she comes. - I won't stay If she Not will come.

Note that there is no comma in English conditional sentences.

B. Unions of time in English

when - when
as soon as - as soon as
till (until) - until (until)
before - before, before
after - after

I will leave when he comes. - I'll leave, When he will come.
I will leave as soon as he comes. - I'll leave, as soon as he will come.
I won't leave till he comes. - I will not leave, Bye He Not will come.
I had left before he came. - I left before he came.
I left after he had come. - I left after he came.

So, let's summarize this topic and formulate once again the main RULE.

In subordinate clauses relating to the future, after conjunctions when And if and others instead of the future tense (Future Simple), you must use the present (Present Simple). Such sentences in English are called First Conditional and Time Clauses.

Please select the correct option for self-test.

I hope you have carefully read the rule, examples and translation. If your opinion differs from the opinion of the MOST, then return to the beginning of the lesson. And we move on to the exercises.

3. Clauses of time and conditions in English. Exercises on First Conditionals

ATTENTION! These offers are not conditional. The rules don't work!
I'd like to know when Dan will be back. I would like to know when Dan will return.
I don't know if she will come home. I don't know if she will come home.

Exercise (introductory).

1. I wonder if he (laugh) all day.
2. She will buy a new bag when she (arrive) to London.
3. I will stay here till he (come).
4. Tell him about it if he (want).
5. I wonder when somebody (come and tell) her what to do.
6. Do you know if your uncle (come back) from his trip tomorrow?
7. Don't tell her about it before she (ask).
8. I will know all about it when I (get) a letter from her.
9. She will catch bad cold unless she (go and change) her wet shoes.
10. I wonder when you (be ready) and if you (be on time).
11. I am not sure when she (return).
12. Will you wait until he (come)?
13. Please, book a return ticket if you (get) to New York.
14. I shall cut some sandwiches in case they (be) hungry.

Exercise 1. Fill in the gaps with when or if conjunctions.

Do the exercise if you are confusing when and if conjunctions.

1. … I go home tonight, I'll have a bath.
2. … there is a good program on TV, I’ll watch it.
3. … there’s nothing in the fridge, we’ll eat out.
4. We'll go skiing next winter ... we have enough money.
5. …it’s a nice day tomorrow, we’ll go swimming.
6. I'm coming to London tomorrow. I'll phone you … I arrive.
7. We're thinking of going to Spain for our holidays. … we decide to go, I'll let you know.

Exercise 2 . Insert when or if dots instead.

A similar exercise, but in the second part there is sometimes an imperative mood.

1. … you can't do your homework, ask for help.
2. I'll give the money back to you, … I see you next time.
3. I'll come to bed … this program ends.
4. … anyone phones me, tell them I'm out.
5. Come on! … we hurry, we’ll catch the bus!
6. … I play tennis with Justin, he always wins.
7. The shops are full of things to buy… Christmas comes.
8. "I've lost my bag." - "... I find it, I'll let you know."

Exercise 3 . Make a compound sentence out of two simple ones using the conjunctions given in brackets. Apply rule 1.

SAMPLE: I'll wait here. You'll get back. ( until) - I'll wait here until you get back.

1. Give me a ring. You'll hear some news. (when)
2. The TV program will end. I'll do my homework. (after)
3. I'll go to work. I'll have a bath. (before)
4. She'll be in Paris. She'll visit friends. (when)
5. The lesson will end. I'll go home. (as soon as)
6. I won't leave the house. The postman will call. (until)
7. Can you feed the cats? I'll be away (when)
8. I'll tell you about the holiday. I'll get back. (when)
9. I'll study English. I'll speak it perfectly. (until)

Exercise 4 . Your friend is going on vacation. Ask him questions about his trip.

SAMPLE: What/do/miss/plane? — What will you do if you miss the plane?

1. What/do/plane/be late?
2. Where/stay/hotels/be full?
3. Who/talk to/not make any friends?
4. What/do/not like the food?
5. Where/go/beaches/be crowded?
6. What/do/get sunburnt?

Exercise 5 . Open the brackets using the correct tense Future Simple And present simple.

SAMPLE. When I (see) Tom tomorrow, I (invite) him to our party. — When I see Tom tomorrow, I will invite him to our party.

1. Before you (leave), don't forget to shut the windows. 2. I (phone) you as soon as I (arrive) in London. 3. Please don't touch anything before the police (come). 4. Everyone (be) very surprised if he (pass) the exams. 5. When you (see) Brian again, you (not/recognize) him. 6. We (not/start) dinner until Jack (arrive). 7. (you/ feel) lonely without me while I (be) away? 8. If I (need) any help, I (ask) you. 9. Come on! Hurry up! Ann (be) annoyed if we (be) late.

Exercise 6 Combine two sentences into one according to the model. Use unions of time or conditions according to the meaning.

SAMPLE. You are going to leave soon. You must visit the doctor before that. — You must visit the doctor before you leave.

1. I'll find somewhere to live. Then I'll give you my address.
2. It's going to start raining. Let's go out before that.
3. I'm going to do the shopping. Then I'll come home straight.
4. You'll be in London next month. You must come and see me then.
5. I'm going to finish reading this book. Then I'll get the dinner ready. (when)
6. We'll make our decision. Then we'll let you know. (as soon as)

Exercise 7. Insert if or when instead of dots.
1. … I see Tom tomorrow, I'll invite him to our party.
2. … it rains this evening, I won't go out.
3. I'll phone you … I get back.
4. I'm feeling very tired. I think I'll go straight to bed … I get home.
5. I'll be very surprised ... he doesn't get the job.

Exercise 8 Make up semantic chains of sentences according to the model using if and will.

SAMPLE. If the earth gets warmer, the sea will get warmer. — If the sea gets warmer, the ice at the North and South Poles will melt. — If the ice …, etc.

1. the earth gets warmer
2. the sea gets warmer
3. the ice at the North and South Poles melts
4. the sea level rises
5. there are floods in many parts of the world

Exercise 9 . Your friend is going abroad. Ask him questions.

SAMPLE: What/do/fall ill? - What will you do if you fall ill?

1. What/do/lose your passport?
2. What/do/not like/the food?
3. Where/go/need to phone your parents?
4. What/do/want/to make friends?
5. What/do/decide to improve your pronunciation?

Exercise 10 . Put the verbs given in brackets into desired shape. The proposals are for the future.

1. If you (eat) another cake, you (be) sick. 2. You (fail) your exam if you (not/study) hard. 3. What do you (do) if you (fail)? 4. Our children and grandchildren (suffer) if we (not/look after) our planet. 5. If you (be) late, I (go) without you. 6. If she (pass) her driving test, she (buy) a car. 7. If my neighbors (not/stop) making a noise, I (complain).

In this lesson, we will get acquainted with the relative clauses of time and condition and find out which conjunctions are used to build them.

There are different types of subordinate clauses in English. One of them are circumstantialadnexaloffers, or adverbialClauses(Fig. 1). As the name implies - "circumstances" - these sentences perform the functions of various circumstances, whether it be time, place, cause, effect, purpose or condition. Today we will focus on the subordinate clauses of time and condition.

Rice. 1. Adverbial Clauses ()

Adverbial clauses of time, or adverbialClausesofTime, respond to questions:

When? (When?)

how long? (how long?)

unions:

When - when

After - after

Before - before,

Till/until - until...

While - while / while,

As soon as - as soon as.

For example:

When I entered the room, my sister was playing with her toys. - When I entered the room, my sister was playing with dolls. (Fig. 2)

She asked him another question before he had answered the previous one. She asked him one more question before he answered the previous one.

He took a nap while I was out. He took a nap while I was away.

Branch 1. The order of adjectives before the noun

In cases where several adjectives are used to describe a noun, they should usually be listed in a specific order.

So, the description of the subject begins with an adjective expressing the attitude of the speaker towards it. For example, beautiful - beautiful, lovely, nice. Then they go to the description of the size - small (small), large (big). Then age (old - old), after which come the shape (round - round) and color (green - green). And finally, there are the origin (English - English, Italian - Italian) and the material (wooden - wooden) from which the item is made.

For example,

A lovely small new round black Italian leather bag (Fig. 3)

It is also worth remembering that numerals always come before adjectives:

three fresh apples

the second large building

Particular attention should be paid to the fact that in subordinate clauses of time the verb is never used in the future tense, even if the action refers to the future. Instead of the future tense, we use the present. That is, instead of Future Simple, we use Present Simple. As for the main clause, it can be used in the future tense.

For example:

when she returns home, she ’ llcall her brother. - When she gets home, she will call her brother.

As soon as I pass all my exams, I will go to the sea. - As soon as I pass all the exams, I will go to the sea. (Fig. 4)

Condition clauses, or adverbialClausesofCondition, respond to question:

Under what condition? (under what condition?)

They are connected to the main sentence with unions:

Unless - if ... not

For example:

If you don't believe me, call Mrs. Watson. - If you don't believe me, call Mrs. Watson.

I won't go unless the weather is nice. - I'm not going anywhere unless the weather is good.

If I were you, I wouldn't buy this dress. - If I were you, I wouldn't buy this dress.

In the subordinate clauses of the condition, instead of the forms of the future tense (Future Tenses), the forms of the present (Present tenses) are used, despite the fact that the action is future. The main clause can be used in Future.

For example:

If I have enough money, I willget some lollipops. - If I have enough money, I will buy some candy. (Fig. 5)

He willbecome much stronger if he does exercise every day. - He will become much stronger if he exercises every day.

Thus, once again note that the future tense is not used after the conjunctions of the clauses of the tense and the condition. That is, neither after when nor after if, as the most common unions, there is no future tense.

Branch 2. About the verbs “do” and “make”

Both the verb “to do” and the verb “to make” mean “to do something”. But now we will talk about their difference.

The verb “to do” can be used when we do not say exactly what activity we are talking about, for example, when the words “something”, “nothing”, etc. are used:

During that day we had nothing to do.

During that day we had nothing to do.

We need to dosomething!

We need to do (undertake) something!

When it comes to some kind of work, we also put the verb “do”:

We can do the shopping together.

We can go shopping together. (Fig. 6)

They did so much work yesterday.

They did so much work yesterday.

As for the verb “to make”, it is used to denote the creation, construction, production of something:

She made a delicious soup.

She made (cooked) delicious soup.

We made a plan and started implementing it.

We made (came up with) a plan and began to implement it.

your sister makessuch adorable dolls!

Your sister makes such adorable dolls!

At the same time, you should not make a fairly common mistake “make a photo”, as it is correct to say “take a photo” (take a picture).

And now let's do some exercises to understand the use of the Adverbial Clauses of Time and Condition better.

Now let's do an exercise to better understand the peculiarities of using clauses of time and condition.

Please, fill the gaps with the necessary form of the verb in brackets

1. Please turn off the light when you ___ the room. (to leave) → leave

2. I hope I will see you before you___ . (to start) → start

3. Don't leave until your father ___ back. (to come) → comes

4. He will stay with us after he___ London. (to leave) → leaves/has left

5. I am sure she'll let you know as soon as she___ some news. (to get) → gets

6. If it ___, we will stay at home. (to rain) → rains

7. What will you do if you ___ soaked? (to be) → are

8. In case you ___ the 9:30 train, there is another one at 9:55. (to miss) → miss

9. They will take a dog after they ___ a new flat. (to buy) → buy

10. When I ___ a cup of tea, I ask my Mom to make it. (to want) → want

Branch 3. Abbreviations in English

It often happens that we cannot understand the meaning of a sentence just because of one word. It is especially difficult when the translation of this word is not even in the dictionary. Usually, English abbreviations that have appeared recently fall into this situation, and words used in correspondence are most often abbreviated. Let's look at some examples.

asap = assoonaspossible = As soon as possible

b4 = before = before, before

brb = be right back = NowI'll be back

c = see = see

u = you = You

b = be = be

IDK = I don't know = INotI know

SY = see you = see you

TNX/THX = thanks = Thank you

NP = noproblem = My pleasure(lit.: no problem)

YW = youarewelcome = Please

Bibliography

Afanasyeva O. V. Series " New Deal English language for Russian schools. Grade 5 - M: Bustard, 2008.
Fomina I. N., Fomina L. V. English language in algorithms. - Dnepropetrovsk, 2007.
Pakhotin A. Everything about modal verbs And subjunctive in English. - M: Publisher Kareva, 2005.
Dubrovin M. I. An illustrated guide to English grammar. - M: Nachala-Press, 1992.

Audio-class.ru ().
Moodle.kubsu.ru ().
Alleng.ru ().

Homework

Open the brackets using the verbs in the Present Simple or Future Simple (all actions refer to the future).

1) … I (to see) you before you … (to start)? 2) What ... he (to do) when he ... (to come) home? 3) Where ... they (to go) if the weather ... (to be) fine? 4) He ... (to ring) me up when he ... (to return) home. 5) If it ... (to rain), we ... (to stay) at home. 6) She ... (to walk) home if it ... (not to be) too cold. 7) I am sure he ... (to come) to say good-bye to us before he ... (to leave) St.Petersburg. 8) Please turn off the light when you … (to leave) the room. 9) If we ... (to be) tired, we ... (to stop) at a small village half-way to Moscow and ... (to have) a short rest and a meal there. 10) If you … (to miss) the 10.30 train, there is another at 10.35. 11) She … (to make) all the arrangements about it before she… (to fly) there. 12) Before he … (to start) for London, he … (to spend) a day or two at a hotel not far from here. 13) Don "t go away until mother ... (to come) back. 14) I ... (to speak) to Mary if I ... (to see) her today.

Choose the correct form of the verb.

1. I "ll call you as soon as I ... tickets for the train.

1. to buy 2. buy 3. shall buy 4. bought

2. If the day ... hot, we shall go to the beach.

1. shall be 2. is 3. was 4. will be

3. If he ... home before Friday, he will help us to do the translation.

1. returns 2. will return 3. return 4. returned

4. Please, drive us to the airport if you ... time tomorrow morning.

1 .have 2. will have 3. shall have 4. has

5. If you ... to see all these places, you must stay for a week.

1. shall want 2. want 3. to want 4. will want

6. As soon as you ... back from your trip, call on me.

1. came 2. shall come 3. come 4. will come

7. Speak to him about it when you ... him.

1. see 2. will see 3. seen 4. sees

8. They will go for a walk before they ... to bed.

1. goes 2. will go 3. go 4. went

9. Will you wait until he ... back?

1. come 2. will come 3. comes 4. to come

10. Come to see me before you ... for the south.

1 .left 2. will leave 3. leave 4. leaves

As you know, the proposal sentence) is a combination of words that expresses a certain complete thought. Being the minimum unit of speech, a sentence can be either simple ( simple) and complex in structure. Everything is in the article of the same name on our blog. And if you missed something or didn’t notice something while studying them, read the article again.

From the material of the article, you will learn that complex sentences may be complex in composition compound) and complexly subordinated ( complex). The difference between them is that in the first all parts of the sentence are equal, and in the second there is a main sentence ( principal clause) and one or more subordinate clauses ( subordinate clauses) to explain it.

Relative clauses in English are introduced into a complex sentence with the help of, which are not so few. The main ones are that, because, as, if, whether, when, since, after, before, till, unless, though and others.

Types of subordinate clauses in English

Since subordinate clauses in English explain the main thing, they play the role of various members of the sentence, hence their types and names appeared. So, subordinate clauses are:

Subject clauses (the subject clause) introduced by unions that(What), if / whether(whether), who(Who), what(What), which(which), when(When), where(Where), how(How), why(Why).
Whether we met there or does not mean anything now. Whether we met or not doesn't matter now.

What she told me yesterday turned out to be the truth. What she told me yesterday turned out to be true.
Predicate clauses(predicative - the predicative clause), which is found in the same unions as the previous subordinate clause in English.
The question is whether he knows about her betrayal or not. “The question is whether he knows about her betrayal or not.

The problem was that he treated us as unfamiliar people. “The problem was that he treated us like strangers.
Adnexal additional(the object clause), which are attached to the main clause using unions that, if / whether, what, who, which, where, how, why.
He told us that he had seen us buying a bouquet of flowers. He said he saw us buying a bunch of flowers.

I do not understand what I must do now. I don't understand what I should do now.
Clauses (the attributive clause), and to work with them you will need unions such as who(which), whose(whose), which / that(which), where(Where), why(Why).
The house where we once lived has been burnt. The house we once lived in burned down.

The woman who helped us was a doctor from our local hospital. The woman who helped us was a doctor from our district hospital.
Adverbial clauses (the adverbial clause) , which have their own classification.
First of all, this adverbial clauses of place (the adverbial clause of place), which, as the name suggests, require only conjunctions where(where, whither) and wherever(wherever, wherever).

The dog sleeps wherever he wants. The dog sleeps where he wants.

Do you know where he plays football? Do you know where he plays football?

This is followed by such subordinate clauses in English as adverbial adverbial tense (the adverbial clause of time). Accordingly, they need unions that determine the time parameters: when(When), after(after), before(before), till(until), while(while), since(since), as soon as(as soon as).

She was still crying when he entered the room. She was still crying when he entered the room.

By the time you get married, I will have a family with three children. “By the time you get married, I will already have a family and three children.

Next, we select a group such as adverbial adverbial reasons (the adverbial clause of reason) and explain them by unions because(because), as / since(because).

I called you because I needed money. I called you because I needed money.

He can't go to the party because he caught cold. He cannot go to the party because he has a cold.

Smooth transition to adverbial adverbial purpose (the adverbial clause of purpose). Remember introductory unions that(to), so that / in order that(in order to), lest(not to...).

She must speak louder so that everybody could hear her. She must speak louder so that everyone can hear her.

He works hard in order that he can afford himself to buy a house of his dreams. He works hard to afford to buy his dream house.

Of course, do not forget about such subordinate clauses in English as adverbial adverbial clauses (the adverbial clause of condition) based on unions if(If), provided that / on condition that(provided that).

If you find the book I asked, I will fulfill my promise. “If you find the book I asked for, I will keep my promise.

I won't be free unless you tell me about this. "I won't be free until you tell me."

There are still subgroups of adverbial clauses course of action (the adverbial clause of manner), comparisons (the adverbial clause of comparison) And concessions (the adverbial clause of concession). The first and second subgroups of subordinate clauses in English need conjunctions as(How), as if / as thought(ostensibly). But for the third fit though(Although), no matter how(no matter how), no matter what(whatever it is, anyway).

She is looking at her mother as if she doesn't recognize her. She looks at her mother as if she doesn't recognize her.

He reads as quickly as he can. He reads as fast as he can.

No matter what he says, I do not believe him. Whatever he says, I don't believe him.

How many types subordinate clauses in English formed. Although, despite their number, they are all understandable and by no means difficult. One has only to remember the unions and features of each group of subordinate clauses. And with the help of this information, you can quickly navigate in such a complex topic as.

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