The spiritual path of Svidrigailov. The image of Svidrigailov in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment

Work:

Crime and Punishment

“Fifty years old ... His hair, still very thick, was completely blond and a little bit gray, and a wide, thick beard, descending like a shovel, was even lighter than his head hair. His eyes were blue and looked coldly, intently and thoughtfully; red lips." Raskolnikov notices that his face looks like a mask and there is something extremely unpleasant in it.

A nobleman who served in the cavalry, Svidrigailov "wandered around" later in St. Petersburg, was a cheater. He is a widower. At one time, he was ransomed by his wife from prison, lived in the village for 7 years. A cynical and depraved person. On his conscience, the suicide of a servant, a 14-year-old girl, possibly the poisoning of his wife.

Svidrigailov played and fatal role in the life of Raskolnikov's sister, Dunya. Because of his harassment, she lost her job. Later, having told the girl that her brother is a murderer, the hero blackmails Dunya. Fearing violence, the girl shoots at Svidrigailov and misses. But Arkady Ivanovich had sincere feelings for Dunya. In his question: “So you don’t love? And you can't? Never?" - sounds sincere bitterness, almost despair. Svidrigailov is the "negative twin" of Raskolnikov. The hero claims that they are "of the same field." But Arkady Ivanovich has already made his choice: he is on the side of evil and has no doubts. He considers himself free from the moral law. But this realization does not bring joy to the hero. He experiences world boredom. Svidrigailov is having fun as best he can, but nothing helps. At night, the ghosts of the souls he has ruined appear to the hero. The indistinguishability of good and evil renders Svidrigailov's life meaningless. Deep in his soul, he condemns himself, feels guilty. No wonder the eternity, which he deserves, appears to the hero in the form of a smoky bathhouse with spiders. We can say that the moral law, contrary to the will of Svidrigailov, prevails over this hero. Arkady Ivanovich also does good deeds: he helps arrange Marmeladov's children, takes care of a little girl in a hotel. But his soul is dead. As a result, he commits suicide with a shot from a revolver.

Svidrigailov is Raskolnikov's ideological counterpart. His theory is that "a single villainy is permissible if the main goal is good." But this is an extremely immoral person, so any goal that he sets for himself is good for him. He committed a lot of atrocities in his life, human blood is on his conscience. He committed atrocities in order to be free to choose how to live. S. was a card sharper, killed a servant, was in prison, guilty of the death of his own wife. But at the same time, he does not consider himself a villain and is able to do good deeds. And indeed, Svidrigailov is ready to provide for Avdotya Romanovna, without requiring her to marry him, he wants to save her from marriage with Luzhin, because he sees what the latter is like. Svidrigailov quickly deciphers Raskolnikov, the essence of his theory and his torment. “I understand what questions you have in the course: moral, or what? Issues of a citizen and a person? And you are on their side; why do you need them now? Then what else is a citizen and a person? And if so, there was no need to meddle; there is nothing not to take on, ”says Svidrigailov. Yes, this is precisely the difference between Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov, that Raskolnikov committed a crime, but he did not “cross the line”, “remained on this side”, but Svidrigailov crossed and does not suffer from any remorse of conscience. But the principle of permissiveness led him to everyday boredom. He understands that he has lived his whole life incorrectly, that he initially chose his path incorrectly, and now he is a slave to his desires, which he cannot fight. Svidrigailov claims that he and Raskolnikov are "of the same field." On the way to the police, where he went with the intention of making a confession to the murder of an old pawnbroker, Raskolnikov learns about Svidrigailov's suicide. Thus, the author shows the final collapse of the inhuman theory of the protagonist, deprives her of the right to exist. Real freedom is possible only if goodness reigns in a person's soul. People who embark on a sinful path sooner or later lose their freedom. Crimes enslave human souls. They can no longer do good, even if they want to. This is proved to us by the example of Svidrigailov. He had lived too long in sin, and by the time he realized it, it was already too late. He could no longer freely change his path.

So, with the help of the image of Svidrigailov, F. M. Dostoevsky showed what an inhuman theory can lead to. The writer claims that happiness cannot be built on the misfortune of others, especially on crime; that a person is a person, and not a “trembling creature”.

Once upon a time, Arkady Ivanovich, a cheat and a spendthrift, was pulled out of a debt hole by a lonely landowner Marfa Petrovna, became his wife and, after her death, provided for the rest of her life. Svidrigailov is about fifty years old, he is a pleasant-faced nobleman, packed in expensive clothes. He looks much younger than his years, has broad shoulders, a thick beard and a proud posture. But only the first impression of this hero is positive. His bad character gives out a cold, intent look, and, as Rodion Raskolnikov noted, there is something terrible in Svidrigailov's fresh and pleasant face. Occupying high position in society, this hero has a lot of money and serious connections, which allows him to achieve any assigned goals.

Frightening gossip is circulating about Svidrigailov. The society accuses him of poisoning his wife, due to his marriage to whom the hero got out of poverty, but no one has any evidence, and there is nothing to present to Arkady Ivanovich. The people also talk about the master's involvement in the frequent groundless torture of servants. And it’s certainly no secret to anyone that for this person there are no boundaries of what is permitted, and “morality” and “morality” are empty words. He acts only in himself to please and by any means gets what he wants.

Arkady Sidrigailov and Avdotya

On the Svidrigailov estate, it intersects with, serving home teacher, and at first sight falls passionately in love with a dowry.

The harassment of the "elderly" admirer is not at all pleasant for the poor girl. But, Svidrigailov is not used to retreat, and even the object of his sigh goes to Petersburg, the hero rushes after him. There, the master accidentally rents an apartment next door to the daughter of the drunkard Marmeladov, who earns prostitution. One day he becomes a witness to a conversation in which Rodion Raskolnikov confesses to his neighbor that he has committed a crime and eloquently proves the "justification" of his actions.

The cunning Svidrigailov is trying to blackmail. Demanding for his silence that he arranged for him a meeting with Dunya. But the loving brother does not just refuse the old lecher, but promises to do everything possible to prevent this meeting ever. By deceit, Arkady Ivanovich nevertheless lures Avdotya Romanovna to his apartment and, trying to earn the favor of the desired girl, tells her about his brother's crime.

But Raskolnikova is adamant, she harshly rejects the annoying man and even shoots at him, but misses. The girl passionately and sincerely explains to Arkady Ivanovich that she will never and never be with him. By some miracle, Dunya manages to break free unscathed. And Svidrigailov, dumbfounded by the abrupt behavior of the object of his love and the realization that his feelings are unrequited and will remain so, kills himself.

Quotes by Svidrigailov

Everyone thinks about himself and lives the most cheerfully, whoever is best able to deceive himself.

Never vouch for matters between husband and wife or lover and mistress. There is always one corner here, which always remains unknown to the whole world and which is known only to the two of them.

A decent person is bound to be bored.

And in general, in Russian society, those who have been beaten have the best manners.

But clever woman and a jealous woman are two different things, and that's the trouble.

I have set in motion the greatest and unshakable means to conquer a woman's heart, a means that will never deceive anyone and that acts decisively on every single one, without any exception. This is a well-known means - flattery. There is nothing in the world more difficult than straightforwardness, and nothing easier than flattery. If in straightforwardness only one hundredth of a note is false, then dissonance immediately occurs, followed by scandal. If in flattery even everything to the last note is false, then it is pleasant and obeys not without pleasure; albeit with rough pleasure, but still with pleasure. And no matter how crude the flattery, at least half of it certainly seems to be true. And this is for all developments and strata of society. Even a Vestal Virgin can be seduced by flattery. And about ordinary people and there is nothing to say.

A person in general really, really loves to be offended.

One of the main characters of the novel is Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov. He is a nobleman about fifty years old, a calm and well-mannered person. The story of Svidrigailov is very interesting: being a lover of wild life, he “walked” around St. Petersburg until he married Marfa Petrovna. She took him to the village, wanting to pacify her husband's voluptuousness, but even there our hero falls in love with Dunya. He also uses the wealth of his wife, and even when she dies, Svidrigailov immediately goes back to St. Petersburg for Dunya.

In St. Petersburg, Arkady Ivanovich finds Raskolnikov and asks him to arrange a meeting with his beloved. Seeing that Svidrigailov is a vicious, rude person who values ​​only debauchery in life, Rodion refuses him. Because of the hopelessness of his situation, Svidrigailov is overly frank with Raskolnikov, he even finds special pleasure in this. By chance, in St. Petersburg, Svidrigailov settled next to Sonya Marmeladova. He heard the conversation between Sonya and Raskolnikov, when Rodion confessed to the murder of an old pawnbroker. Svidrigailov told Raskolnikov that he knew everything, but promised to remain silent. After meeting with Rodion, Arkady Ivanovich lures Dunya to his apartment, where she almost kills him with a revolver. Realizing that his love is doomed, Svidrigailov commits suicide.

In the novel, Svidrigailov is Raskolnikov's double. He personifies debauchery, lust and idleness of life. But unlike Raskolnikov, Svidrigailov is a weak person, because he cannot withstand all the difficulties and chooses suicide. It is possible that Arkady Ivanovich could have gone astray if his feelings were mutual, because he often feels remorse and sees the ghost of Marfa Petrovna.

Svidrigailov - a common person who hides his demons behind a mask of benevolence. He commits many sins, but never comes to the right path. His mysteriousness and secrecy disappear at the moments of his revelations and “uncoverings”, and his demonic nature turns out to be ordinary voluptuousness.

The 19th century is deservedly called the "Golden Age" of Russian literature. During this period, it reaches unprecedented heights and gives us many famous masters words. One of them - Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky - a sophisticated preparator of the darkest corners human soul. He is the author of five great novels: "Poor People", "Demons", "The Brothers Karamazov", "The Idiot", "Crime and Punishment". In the last of them, the writer plunges us into a deep inner world heroes, in their thoughts and experiences.

Option 2

In Dostoevsky's polyphonic novel Crime and Punishment, one of the voices belongs to the hero, whose villainy and baseness, it seems, cannot be doubted. His minor role nevertheless, it defines one of the leading lines of the novel, connected with the motif of duality and the resurrection of Raskolnikov.

The novel story of Svidrigailov is full of all sorts of disgusting events: cheating, a debt hole, driving a deaf-mute girl and Philip to suicide, the torment of Marfa Petrovna, the persecution of Dunya, and, finally, Svidrigailov kills himself.

The hero consistently and cynically destroys his soul, not at all embarrassed by his behavior. But Dostoevsky could not create just a flat image of a corrupting hero, and only the volume of the character becomes obvious when he falls in love with Dunya and becomes a witness to Raskolnikov's confession of a crime before Sonya. There is no logic in his throwing and attempts to change when he declares to Raskolnikov that they are “of the same field”, and when he almost threatens Duna, blackmailing her and trying to achieve her love.

But in these throwing and strange actions, an attempt to find at least some way out of the terrible situation in which Svidrigailov found himself, thinking that he could not feel pangs of conscience, but it turned out that this was not so, because the image is the ghost of his late wife, so who did a lot for him and died untimely, perhaps through his fault, haunts him relentlessly.

There are a lot of descriptions of Svidrigailov's appearance in the novel, but one of the portrait details speaks a lot: his face, framed by blond, slightly graying hair, scarlet lips, sparkling eyes - all this resembles a mask. It is the mask of Svidrigailov that is the component of his demonic nature, even when he tries to remove it by donating money to Sonya and Dunya, for example, he does not succeed - his delusion is so great to get rid of him at a time. But Svidrigailov's nature is weak, and the demons inside him are victorious, the mask will become a mask, and Svidrigailov will forever go "to America", as he calls his suicide.

Svidrigailov is called the double of Raskolnikov, this is no coincidence. As in a mirror, Raskolnikov is destined to see what happens to a person who imagines himself having the right to decide the fate of other people and manage their lives. In one of his conversations with Raskolnikov, Svidrigailov suggests that eternity is a bath with spiders, these spiders are his demons, his vices, passions, with which he will remain, laying his hands on himself and not allowing his soul to be cleansed of filth.

Svidrigailov's love for Dunya does not save, because through coercion, and not through humility and patience, he goes to this love, but the old methods do not work, it is not the circumstances that Svidrigailov needs to change, but himself in the circumstances. A meeting with a five-year-old girl before her death becomes a symbol of hopelessness for the hero, since he sees the unredeemed suffering of a child as a sign of the complete imperfection of the world, in which, in his opinion, he no longer has a place. This fatal mistake of the hero becomes his sentence.

Composition on the theme of Arkady Svidrigailov

In F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" attention is focused on the inner component of the characters, and not on their actions. One of the heroes of this work is a wealthy nobleman Arkady Svidrigailov. He and Luzhin are the moral twins of the protagonist Rodion Raskolnikov. Svidrigailov implements Rodion's theory. He gets what he wants, in every possible way. This leads his Arkady to moral devastation and spiritual degradation.

Although the hero does not look his age, he is about fifty years old. He is short, broad-shouldered, and dresses rather dapper. Thick hair and a beard complemented the image, and blue eyes gave a cold look with a share of disdain. For Raskolnikov, there was something threatening in this seemingly attractive image, because Svidrigailov was used to achieving his goals by any means.

There was a lot of talk and rumors around the figure of Svidrigailov. It was said of him that he was to blame for the death of his wife, since he himself had poisoned her. They also attributed to Svidrigailov that he had driven his servant to suicide. Even Dunya, whom Arkady is in love with, feels the danger posed by this man. Svidrigailov himself does not deny that he does everything only of his own free will and desire. At the same time, he does not try to justify his behavior, as Raskolnikov and Luzhin do.

Svidrigailov is the image that Raskolnikov could have become if he had crossed moral boundaries. Arkady has a cold restraint and does not feel remorse, unlike Rodion. Svidrigailov is not tormented by past sins or recent crimes.

The similarity of the characters is first noted by Svidrigailov, but there is one difference. For Arkady Ivanovich, who got rid of moral principles, the equality of good and evil has become a vital truth. At the same time, all this drives Raskolnikov into a state of panic. Despite its life position, Svidrigailov performs a large number of good deeds.

The tragic split personality of the hero leads to the fact that he begins to feel disgust for life and emptiness. Svidrigailov becomes a warning to Raskolnikov, shows his possible future.

It is not for nothing that such a mysterious and gloomy person as Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov appears in the novel "Crime and Punishment". Dostoevsky enough interesting way contrasts it with the main character - Rodion Raskolnikov, but more on that later.

Svidrigailov is characterized as a cynical and immoral person, his world is dark Petersburg dens. Suddenly rich and gaining power over the serfs, he embarked on a path even more depraved and destructive. “We are one field of berries,” Svidrigailov says to Raskolnikov. "Crime and Punishment" - a novel with a deep philosophical thought, which concerns the issues of recognition of good and evil, the justice of the crime and moral responsibility, repentance and punishment. And if you take it deeper, then the questions political system and the socialist revolution.

The novel Crime and Punishment. Svidrigailov

The opposition of these two characters by the author paints a picture of the fact that each of them has his own point of view on life and circumstances, and they are completely opposite. Therefore, different Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov will receive punishments. "Crime and Punishment" tells about the fate of these heroes, and here's what's interesting: the killer Svidrigailov, who poisoned his wife, will shoot himself at the end of the novel, and the killer Raskolnikov will serve eight years in hard labor and receive mutual love as a reward, with which he will leave for hard labor in order to somehow alleviate his suffering, and the deepest repentance for his deed.

What do these characters have in common and what makes them so different? Why such a different fate?

Svidrigailov ("Crime and Punishment"): characteristics

The whole point is that own will, driven by different goals, they crossed the line of permissibility and went on a premeditated murder. When it became known that Raskolnikov had killed the old woman and her niece, Svidrigailov, unlike Raskolnikov's close circle - Razumikhin, Dunyasha and Sonya, took this news quite calmly, he even calmed and encouraged the yearning, painfully nervous and restless Rodion.

So, who is he - Svidrigailov? "Crime and Punishment" (characteristic this character) shows that the novel describes him as a person who is not remorseful for his deeds and actions.

Difference

However, Svidrigailov is very surprised by the throwing and doubts of Raskolnikov. “Crime and Punishment” describes their meeting and conversation, where Arkady Ivanovich tells Rodion that if he was so tormented by conscience and questions of morality, then why did he have to take on other than his own business, and expresses all this in a rude and harsh form.

So, if we compare these two heroes, then nevertheless, something human and alive remained in Rodion that tormented him every minute and second, but in Svidrigailov there was nothing of this - there was only emptiness, anger and disappointment. Hence that indifferent cynicism, and the accuracy of understanding Raskolnikov's idea-theory, which he perfectly accepts as his own. His words sound like this: "A single villainy is permissible if the main goal is good." It seems that everything is simple and clear, but it was not so easy to live with these thoughts in my head.

Justification of goals

Continuing to reveal the topic “Crime and Punishment”: the image of Svidrigailov, it should be immediately noted that for this hero moral questions became absolutely superfluous, he believes that the achievement of a “good goal” justifies any villainy. His goals include boundless voluptuousness, for his sake some terrible things happen, Marfa Petrovna dies, a young girl dies, then Svidrigailov prepares to marry a sixteen-year-old bride and plots violence against Dunyasha Raskolnikova, which he wants to achieve at any cost.

Everything would go further according to his prudent and insidious plan, because he came to St. Petersburg in order to get Dunyasha's love at any cost. He set a trap for Dunya and knows that the “bird” will definitely fall into it. The poor girl is forced to come to him on a date to talk about the heavy secret of the poor brother. And this is the saving straw that Svidrigailov clings to. "Crime and Punishment" at these moments intensifies the plot to the limit. Their date became a very powerful and exciting place in the work.

As a result of the fight, when Dunya, escaping from strong hands Savidrigailova, grabbed a revolver and pointed it at the offender, he was frightened, and not at all a weapon, but the girl’s spiritual strength. He retreated before his love for her. It was then that he finally realized that he had no salvation from despair, which means that there was no future, and now he was waiting for eternity in a "jar of spiders."

In his famous philosophical and psychological work Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky created a whole galaxy of vivid and ambiguous images that still amaze readers today with their complexity, brightness and eccentricity.

One of these characters in the novel is the rare scoundrel and scoundrel Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov. His image was created by the author in order to draw a parallel between him and the main character Rodion Raskolnikov, because they are in similar life situations: both of them committed a crime, had a "mysterious relationship" with an old pawnbroker. And although Svidrigailov calls them “berries of the same field” with Rodion, this is not entirely true, because he has long been on the side of evil and has no doubts about the correctness of his choice.

Characteristics of the main character

Arkady Ivanovich is a rather attractive and youthful fifty-year-old man noble origin. He is well dressed and makes a favorable impression on those around him, although Raskolnikov subtly notices that his face with cold and thoughtful blue eyes and with thin scarlet lips it looks like a mask (and rather unpleasant), behind which its owner successfully hides his vile essence.

Svidrigailov is a former officer who left his service a long time ago and indulged in the idle life of a cheater in the capital until he fell into a debt hole. From there, a rich woman Marfa Petrovna rescues him, she pays all his debts, takes him to her village, where she becomes his wife. However, he does not feel a drop of love and gratitude for her, and continues to lead an immoral lifestyle there. The vicious and immoral Svidrigailov causes the suicide of a poor peasant girl of fifteen, whom he seduces and abandons. With particular sophistication and cruelty, he also drives the poor servant Philip to suicide. Moreover, having become the cause of the death of two people, Svidrigailov has absolutely no remorse, does not repent and calmly continues to lead his depraved life.

(Svidrigailov shamelessly flirting with Dunya)

Unlike Raskolnikov, who also committed a crime, and now suffered and tormented himself with the question of whether he had the right to do so or not, Svidrigailov is absolutely calm and confident in his actions. He does everything to satisfy his base desires, and he absolutely does not care whether other people suffer from this or not. His soul is no longer at the crossroads of good and evil, he is consciously on the side of evil and does not repent of any of his crimes, because he does not even consider them to be such. He lives, striving to further satisfy his lust, and the evil in him continues to grow and expand.

(Dunya shoots Svidrigailov, in the role of Victoria Fedorov, film by L. Kulidzhanova "Crime and Punishment", USSR 1969)

Having met Raskolnikov's sister Dunya in his house, who appeared there as a servant, the libertine Svidrigailov falls in love with her and begins to harass her. A pure and chaste girl angrily rejects his courtship, and he, in order to achieve what he wants, brings his wife to a terrible sin - suicide. Trying to persuade the girl to get in touch with him, Svidrigailov resorts to various tricks, blackmails her with revealing the secret of her murderer brother, but Dunya, driven to despair, shoots him with a revolver to stop this cruel and unscrupulous man. Only then does he understand how disgusting she is, and having truly fallen in love with this brave and pure girl, he lets her go.

The image of the hero in the work

(Svidrigailov to Raskolnikov:)

The image of Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov, a man without conscience and honor, was specially created by Dostoevsky as a warning to the main character, Raskolnikov, who he can become if he drowns out the voice of conscience and can live on without fully atoning for the crime he committed.

Svidrigailov worries and torments Rodion with his mysteriousness and power over him, with the words that they are "of the same field." Actually this scary man is the embodiment of his dark half, that part of Raskolnikov's soul, with which he is constantly trying to fight, because it can lead him to a complete moral fall and switch to the side of evil.

(Petrenko Alexei Vasilyevich as Svidrigailov, Lensoviet Theatre, St. Petersburg)

Broken by the act of his beloved woman, Svidrigailov realizes how empty and meaningless his life is. His conscience begins to torment him, and in the last hours of his life he tries to somehow make amends with God and people: he transfers money to Duna, helps Sonya Marmeladova and her family. Belated remorse overtakes him and he, unable to bear this burden, commits suicide. He turned out to be too weak and cowardly, and could not, like Raskolnikov, repent and suffer a well-deserved punishment.