Andrey Platonov. The story "Sand teacher"
The story of A.P. Platonov " Sand teacher”was written in 1927, but in terms of its problems and the attitude of the author expressed towards it, this story is more similar to Platonov’s works of the early 20s. Then the worldview of the novice writer allowed critics to call him a dreamer and "environmentalist of the entire planet." Speaking about human life on Earth, the young author sees how many places on the planet and, in particular, in Russia, are unsuitable for human life. Tundra, swampy areas, arid steppes, deserts - all this a person could transform by directing his energy in the right direction and using the latest achievements of science. Electrification, melioration of the whole country, hydraulic engineering - that's what worries young dreamer seems necessary to him. But leading role people must play in these transformations. " Small man”should “wake up”, feel like a creator, a person for whom the revolution was made. Just such a person appears before the reader the heroine of the story "The Sandy Teacher". At the beginning of the story, twenty-year-old Maria Naryshkina graduated from pedagogical courses and received a job assignment, like many of her friends. The author emphasizes that outwardly the heroine is “a young healthy man, looking like a youth, with strong muscles and firm legs. Such a portrait is not accidental. The health and strength of youth is the ideal of the 20s, where there is no place for weak femininity and sensitivity. In the life of the heroine there were, of course, experiences, but they tempered her character, developed an “idea of life”, gave her confidence and firmness in her decisions. And when she was sent to a distant village "on the border with the dead Central Asian desert", this did not break the will of the girl. Maria Nikiforovna sees extreme poverty, "heavy and almost unnecessary work" of the peasants, who daily clear away places filled with sand. She sees how the children in her lessons lose interest in fairy tales, how they lose weight before her eyes. She understands that in this village, "doomed to extinction", something needs to be done: "you cannot teach hungry and sick children." She does not give up, but calls on the peasants to vigorous activity- to fight the sands. And although the peasants did not believe her, they agreed with her.
Maria Nikiforovna is a person of active action. She turns to the authorities, to the district department of public education, and does not lose heart because she is given only formal advice. Together with the peasants, she plants bushes and arranges a pine nursery. She managed to change the whole life of the village: the peasants got the opportunity to earn extra money, "began to live more calmly and well." About her two closest friends, the author says that they are "real prophets of the new faith in the wilderness."
The arrival of the nomads inflicts the most terrible blow on Maria Nikiforovna: after three days there was nothing left of the plantations, the water in the wells disappeared. Tossing about “from this first, real sadness in her life”, the girl goes to the leader of the nomads - not to complain and cry, she goes “with young anger”. But, having heard the leader’s arguments: “He who is hungry and eats the grass of the motherland is not a criminal,” she secretly admits that he was right and still does not give up. She again goes to the head of the district and hears unexpected offer: to transfer to an even more distant village, where “nomads who are moving to a settled way of life” live. If these places were transformed in the same way, then the rest of the nomads would settle on these lands. And of course, the girl cannot help but hesitate: is it really necessary to bury her youth in this wilderness? She would like personal happiness, a family, but, understanding "the whole hopeless fate of the two peoples, squeezed into the dunes of the sands," she agrees. She looks at things realistically and promises to come to the district in 50 years "not along the sand, but along the forest road", realizing how much time and work it will take. But this is the character of a fighter, a strong man who does not give up under any circumstances. She has a strong will and a sense of duty that prevails over personal weaknesses. Therefore, the manager is certainly right when she says that she would "manage the whole people, not the school." The "little man" who consciously preserves the achievements of the revolution will be able to transform the world for the sake of the happiness of his people. In the story “The Sandy Teacher”, a young woman becomes such a person, and the firmness and determination of her character are worthy of respect and admiration.
Analysis of the story "The Sandy Teacher" by A. Platonov
The action of Andrey Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher" takes place in the 1920s in the small Central Asian village of Khoshutovo. Behind the outskirts of the village begins the real desert - ruthless and cold to people.
The idea of the value of knowledge for a person and entire nations is the main idea of the story "The Sandy Teacher". Mission main character, teachers Maria Naryshkina - to carry knowledge. In the conditions where Naryshkina lived, the knowledge and ability to create forest belts, preserve green spaces and plant plants turned out to be vital.
The style of the story "The Sandy Teacher" is very concise. The heroes talk little - in Khoshutov they always talk a little, they save words and strength, because they will still be needed in the fight against the invasion of the sands. The whole story of Maria before she made a fateful decision - to go to work for nomads, for a foreign people, fits the author into several dozen short paragraphs. I would even call the style of the story close to reportage. There are few descriptions of the area in the work, more narration, action.
But the author pays special attention to the feelings and emotions of the characters. They clarify the situation in which the inhabitants of the sand-covered Khoshutovo found themselves better than any description of the landscape. “The old watchman, crazy from silence and loneliness, was delighted with her, as if she had returned to her daughter.” "A sad, slow feeling seized the traveler - Maria Nikiforovna, when she found herself among the deserted sands on the way to Khoshutovo."
Platonov's style is very metaphorical, figurative: "a weak growing heart", "life oozed in the desert." Life in Khoshutov really barely moves, as if water is filtered drop by drop. Here a drop of water is the focus of life itself.
The theme of cultural exchange and mutual understanding between people also occupies one of the central places in the work, Friendliness and the desire to find mutual language with different personalities - these are the values that are proclaimed by the author in the story. After the appearance, and in fact, the raid of nomads, Maria Naryshkina goes to the leader of the tribe to express all her claims to him, dissuade him from destroying their village, spoiling green spaces. The leader of the nomads, having talked with a young woman, is imbued with sympathy for her. She also to him.
But it doesn't give a solution main problem story - how to save the fruits of their labor? How to save the lives of people and the well-being of villages when there is no water, there is not enough grass for everyone? “Someone dies and swears,” says the leader of the tribe. The head of Naryshkina invites her to become a teacher in a nomadic settlement: to teach them to respect other people's work, to cultivate green spaces. Mary becomes the very helping hand that one nation extends to another.
The work also touches on the theme of giving up personal life for the sake of the public good. “Is it possible that youth will have to be buried in the sandy desert among wild nomads?...” - the young teacher thinks. However, remembering "the hopeless fate of the two peoples, squeezed in the vise of the desert," Maria without hesitation decides to go and teach the nomads.
The problem of finding the meaning of life in Andrey Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher".
Goals and objectives of the lesson:
1) to trace how the problem of finding the meaning of life is solved in A. Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher";
2) unleash complexity and richness inner world heroines, to help students realize the importance of nature and work in the lives of heroes.
Will youth really have to be buried in the sandy desert among wild nomads and die in the sheluge bush, considering this half-dead tree in the desert to be the best monument to itself and the highest glory of life? ..
A. Platonov
During the classes.
Organizing time
A. Platonov's stories, written in the mid-1920s, reflect some features of the writer's biography, the aspirations of his personality and, most importantly, his search for his own poetic system. The purpose of our lesson is to trace how the problem of finding the meaning of life is solved in A. Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher".
Let us recall what we know about the fate of the writer.
A student's story about the life of A.P. Platonov with a slide show.
Analysis of the story "Sand teacher".
In the world of Plato's stories of the first period of his work, the destructive forces of nature - drought, tornado, hot sands of the desert, the deadly "garbage wind" - are actively opposed by an unknown hero who is able to patiently live on, preparing with his work "the day when he begins to realize real happiness common life without which there is nothing to do and the heart is ashamed. Such is the heroine of the story "The Sandy Teacher" Maria Nikiforovna Naryshkina.
What is the story of Platonov about? Why, in your opinion, did the author call his story "The Sandy Teacher"?
(A. Platonov was especially attracted by the desert with its mystery, its great and resurgent life. main topic works - the fate of a young teacher who devoted herself to serving people.)
What is the significance of the first chapter of the story?
(The first chapter is an exposition. It begins with the life story of Maria Naryshkina. It is important for the author what impressions the heroine has had since childhood, whether she is prepared for future trials. A description of the appearance of the 20-year-old heroine is also given here.)
When does the action start?
(Beginning of action Chapter 2. According to the distribution, Maria ended up in Khoshutovo.)
What is the role of the landscape in this part of the story?
(The landscape sketch at the beginning of chapter 2 makes it possible to understand state of mind heroines. The description of the village, as it were, complements this state.)
How do further events develop in the story?
(In Chapter 3, the idea of the work is expressed, the transformation of the desert into a living land. “The Sandy Teacher” voluntarily includes herself in the endless and hopeless life of the peasants of a remote steppe village on the very border with the desert, since she realized that only then can the school fulfill its mission, when he teaches the main "art of turning the desert into a living land.")
How do you understand the meaning of the metaphor "Turn the desert into a living land"?
(According to the writer, this means not only watering the drying steppe, draining the swamp, planting a forest or garden, but also teaching people creative work, giving them a dream of a different, beautiful and joyful life.)
What are the results of Maria Naryshkina's activities?
(In Chapter 4, we learn how the desert was transformed two years later. A young teacher cheerfully and courageously took up the task of reorganization and, with the help of science, achieved that “in a year Khoshutovo was unrecognizable.”)
What episode can be called the climax?
(The climax of the story is the first part of chapter 5, which describes the invasion of nomads.)
What is, according to the writer, “the hopeless fate of the two peoples?
(The author convinces us that to solve technically everything social problems impossible. It is impossible not to take into account the traditions, the laws by which people lived in these places from time immemorial. Once every 15 years, the path of nomadic tribes passed through the village, and then the settlers died without water and food, destroyed by herds of nomads. It's cruel, but there was no other way. “He who is hungry and eats the grass of his homeland is not a criminal,” says the leader of the tribe. "We are not evil, and you are not evil, but there is not enough grass.")
What is the denouement of the piece? (The denouement is the decision of the fate of the heroine. Maria Naryshkina goes to Sofutovo to improve the life of the nomads).
Summarizing.
How is the problem of finding the meaning of life solved in the story?
(Bright confidence in the possibility of perfection by a person of the world in which he lives, - main idea story.
How does the author answer the question of Maria Naryshkina, put in the epigraph of our lesson?
(Overcoming self-pity, Maria Naryshkina invests her life in a common cause. She understood and took to heart "the complex and deep life of the desert tribes, the whole hopeless fate of the two peoples, sandwiched in the dunes of sand", and calmly and dignifiedly decided her fate) .
Homework: Determine character traits time in A. Platonov's story "The Pit" and pick up material from the text.
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Attached files
The main character of Andrey Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher" is a young teacher Maria Naryshkina. After completing the teacher's course, she was sent to work in the village of Khoshutovo, which was located on the border of the steppe and the Asian desert.
In the village, Maria Nikiforovna saw how people struggle with the sands of the desert, which methodically covered all the fruits of their labor. In winter, snowstorms were added to the sand drifts, and then life in the village died down.
The children went to school irregularly. Their parents were indifferent to the knowledge taught by the young teacher. This knowledge did nothing to help them survive in the desert.
And then Maria Nikiforovna decided to teach the villagers to fight the sands and turn the desert into a flowering land. She gathered the peasants at the school and talked about her idea. The peasants approved of her ideas, but did not believe in the success of this case.
Then the teacher went to the district and began to demand help in her endeavors. She was advised to take on this difficult task herself and was helped only with books. But Maria Nikiforovna turned out to be a stubborn person and convinced the peasants to engage in public works to plant greenery in the surrounding lands.
In two years, windbreaks from a shrub called shelyuga grew up around the village. These bands blocked the path of the sands. And the shelyuga provided the inhabitants of the village with work. Bush branches were used as fuel, from which the villagers learned to weave baskets, boxes and even furniture. They began to live much better.
But in the third year, disaster struck. Nomads came to the village area, leading numerous herds of animals. These animals destroyed all the vegetation around the village in three days and drank all the water from the wells.
The angry teacher went to the leader of the nomads with a demand to leave these lands. But the leader said that if his people went into the desert, they would die of starvation. Then Maria Nikiforovna went to complain to the district.
In the district, she was offered an unexpected solution - to go to work in the distant village of Safutovo, where nomads who decided to lead a settled life settled. Maria Nikiforovna was offered to teach the nomads to fight the sands in the same way as the inhabitants of Khoshutovo did.
It was explained to her that nomads who destroy green plantings can be fought only by attracting them to a settled life. And only having gone to Safutovo, Maria Nikifirovna could help those peasants who suffered from the nomads.
After thinking, the young teacher agreed to go to Safutovo, and promised to return in fifty years not through the sands, but along the forest road.
Takovo summary story.
The main idea of Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher" is that for a responsible person, duty to society, to other people is more important than anything else. Maria Naryshkina was a responsible and proactive person. She taught people to fight the sands, and when trouble came to these people in the face of nomads, Maria Nikiforovna decided to sacrifice her personal life for the benefit of those she helped.
The story teaches to be stubborn and persistent in achieving the goal. The heroine of the story, teacher Maria Naryshkina, helped illiterate peasants turn the desert into fertile land in two years.
I liked the story because of its positive attitude. Particularly prominent in the story is the teacher, a person loving life and people who know how to make life better.
What proverbs are suitable for Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher"?
Don't be hasty, but be persistent.
Patience and a little effort.
Outline plan
Literature lesson.
Topic: “The idea of kindness, responsiveness in the story of A.P. Platonov "Sand teacher"
6th grade
Teacher: Mochalova T.N.
The purpose of the lesson: 1) continue working on the story (read and analyze chapters 4 and 5); 2) to form the skills of coherent speech of students, achieving a detailed answer to the questions posed, to continue work on the formation of the ability to work with text; 3) identify the main character traits of the heroine; 4) to cultivate feelings of empathy, the desire to be kind and responsive to others.
Equipment: saying poster, Dictionary Russian language, cards.
During the classes.
1. Organizing moment.
2. Posting the topic of the lesson .
Guys, today we will continue to work on the story of A.P. Platonov's "Sandy Teacher", let's dwell on how the author expressed the idea of kindness, responsiveness.
3. Checking homework.
A) Cards (2 people work on site)
B) Conversation with the class on questions.
1) What is interesting about the personality of A.P. Platonov?
2) What did we learn about Maria Nikiforovna, what did the heroine tell, from the chapters we read? (She is 20 years old. She was born in a small town in the Astrakhan province. Her father is a teacher. When she was 16 years old, he took her to Astrakhan for pedagogical courses. After graduation, Maria Nikiforovna was appointed a teacher in the village of Khoshutovo, which was located on the border with the dead Central Asian desert).
3) Read what Maria Nikiforovna saw when she arrived in Khoshutovo? (2 ch.)
4) How was the training? (p.128)
5) Why did the residents of Khoshutov treat the school with indifference? Find the answer in the text. (page 129)
6) How could Maria Nikiforovna act in this situation? (Leave everything and go home. Or stay and teach those who come to school. Or try to convince the peasants that it is necessary for their children to study at school)
7) What decision did she make? (end of chapter 3, p. 129)
8) How does this decision characterize her? (She is a caring person, active, striving to help others)
4. Recording the topic of the lesson.
So, we will continue to work on the story, find out how the author solves the problem of the idea of kindness, responsiveness. To understand this well, you need to look carefully at each word of the topic, think about what it means.
1) Individual task. Interpretation of the meaning of words a) idea (multi-valued word) - the main, the main idea works; b) kindness - a sincere disposition towards people, responsiveness, the desire to do good to others; c) responsiveness - the property of the adjective "responsive" (ambiguous) - quickly, easily responding to other people's needs, a request, always ready to help another, thus. Responsiveness is the willingness to help others.
This means that the main idea of the story is the desire, the readiness of Maria Nikiforovna to help others.
5. Learning new material
1) Individual task.
- Let's follow the text by reading chapter 4 how Platonov reveals the idea of his story.
- Conversation on the content of the reading.
1) How has the appearance of the village changed, the life of the peasants, their attitude to school and to each other after 2 years?
2) Thanks to what qualities of Maria Nikiforovna did this happen?
(due to kindness, knowledge, perseverance, perseverance, dedication, diligence, faith in people)
2) Individual task.
-Read chapter 5.
- Conversation on the content of the reading .
1) What conversation happened in Khoshutovo in the third year of Maria Nikiforovna's life there? Read how the steppe began to look three days after the arrival of the nomads? (page 131)
2) What made Maria Nikiforovna go to the leader of the nomads? (The labor of 3 years was destroyed)
3) Let's reread (by faces) the dispute between Maria Nikiforovna and the leader of the nomads. Who is right in this dispute?
Teacher's conclusion: Indeed, everyone in this dispute is right in his own way. The inhabitants of Khoshutov have a difficult life, and as soon as it began to settle down, the nomads came and destroyed everything. But the life of nomads living in the steppe is no less difficult. Let's remember the story of the creation of the world, which we talked about at the elective "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture".
A) Who created the Earth (God)
b) Did God make the desert uninhabitable? (God created the Earth as a paradise, i.e. everyone should have been equally happy)
C) Where did the desert come from, where it is impossible to live? (This is the punishment for a sin that the person will commit many years later.)
Teacher's conclusion: The leader of the nomads is smart and arouses our sympathy. Probably, many generations of nomads have almost atoned for their sin, and the time is not far off when their life will become much easier.
4) Why did he say to Maria Nikiforovna in the morning that now in Khoshutovo they would do without her? (She had many friends - helpers. The peasants learned that it is possible to live much better than they lived before)
5) Why exactly did Maria Nikiforovna suggest going to Safuta in the morning? (She wanted to help people, she achieved her goal, she wanted to change life in the desert)
6) Read what Maria Nikiforovna thought about after the words of the closing. Before what life choice did she get up? (Live among settled nomads in the desert or start a family)
7) Find Maria Nikiforovna's answer. How did you understand her words: “I will not come along the sand, but along the forest road?” (She will do her best to green the desert)
8) Her words surprised me a little, and said: “I feel sorry for you somehow ...” Is it necessary to feel sorry for the heroine of the story? (No.) How does she make you feel? (Feelings of admiration, admiration)
9) Can you name the heroine happy man? Why? (Yes. She dedicated her life to making her dream come true.)
10) What did she dream about in her youth? (To be needed, useful to people, so she decided to become a teacher, like her father.)
11) We used to consider a truly happy person someone who has a favorite job and a strong family. Maria Nikiforovna has a favorite job, but the author says nothing about her family. Do you think she will have a family? (Probably yes, because she is very young.)
12) With whose creativity can be compared creative, i.e. creating something, the work of Maria Nikiforovna? (Her creative work can be compared with the work of God in creating the world. Only a person can create. He creates according to the model, given by God. Just as God arranged the Earth for man, so Maria Nikiforovna tried to equip the desert for people. She puts her heart into it, and people respond to her kindness. Just as Jesus Christ had disciples, she also had friends in Khoshutov, as the author writes, “the real prophets of the new faith in the desert”)
6. The result of the lesson.
Why is the story called "Sand Teacher" (It's about a teacher who taught to fight with sand)
What does this story teach? (Hard work, kindness, responsiveness)
How did the idea of kindness, responsiveness appear in this story? (Maria Nikiforovna helps people fight sand by agreeing to live even further in the desert, because she is kind and sympathetic.)
And who was the first who called to be kind? (Jesus Christ)
Look at the saying: “It is good for him who does good, better than that who remember well. How does it relate to the content of the story? (Good, i.e. good, useful, is brought to people by Maria Nikiforovna. They remember her, therefore they themselves become better, trying to imitate her in everything)
Let's turn again to the epigraph - the words of A.P. Platonov on page 133. How does it help to understand the meaning of the story? ( True happiness only when it can be shared with other people.)
And how, in your opinion, are there people now like Maria Nikiforovna who are ready to sacrifice their interests for the sake of others? (Man must choose good for himself.)
Teacher: I want to finish the lesson with Alexander Yashin’s call: “Hurry to do good deeds!”
7. Commenting on grades.
8. D/Z
Page 133; Questions for chapters 4-5; illustrations (optional); read the story of A.P. Platonov "Cow".
Card #1
Find in the text the 2 chapters most bright words, depicting the appearance of the desert, hostile to man, where the village of Khoshutovo was lost.
Card #2
Find 2 chapters in the text, as shown in the story of the confrontation between people and the desert.
