Pechorin is a strange, terrible person. Why is Pechorin a strange person? Pechorin about himself

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Pechorin as an extra person

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was born on October 3, 1814 in Moscow in the family of a captain. Childhood years are spent in the Tarkhany estate of the Penza province. He studied at Moscow University. Lermontov spoke many languages.
At the beginning of the 19th century, works appeared in Russian literature, the main problem of which is the conflict between a person and the society surrounding him. Created new image- “an extra person”, rejected, spiritually unclaimed by society.
In the novel A Hero of Our Time, Lermontov creates the image of such a person. This way is Pechorin.
Pechorin was born into a wealthy noble family, so with young years was in the circles of influential people. However, he soon got bored with the “light” of society with its empty entertainment “that you can get for money” - points, festive dinners and, of course, masquerades with their tedious conversations and absence practical activities. Pechorin was drawn to education and the sciences, but quickly decided for himself that "happiness is more likely to be found in ignorance and wealth", and "he did not want glory". This hero is internally devastated. The reason for his emptiness can be found by learning about his upbringing. From the very beginning of his life, he was doomed to an empty future. Proof of this can be found by reading his diary: “I was modest - I was accused of deceit: I became secretive. I deeply felt good and evil. Nobody caressed me. Everyone insulted me. I became vindictive. I was ready to love the whole world - no one understood me and I learned to hate.
Pechorin is depicted in the novel as a victim of noble people. Thus, from childhood he became a cruel, vindictive and cynical person, he gradually moved away from people, lost faith in life and love.
Throughout the novel, the hero tries to fight his inner emptiness. But all his efforts end in failure. All the things he starts are doomed to failure. He understands this and suffers greatly from it. His suffering is expressed in the constant struggle between humanism and cynicism. Pechorin describes all this in his diary. In the struggle with himself, he "exhausted the heat of the soul and the constancy of the will" necessary for active life. Pechorin does all this " an extra person' in the community.
He is also weak psychologically. Pechorin does not want to make new acquaintances, communicate with smart people. He is weighed down by spiritual and emotional intimacy. He has no friends and he doesn't love anyone. He explains this by the fact that friendship is never based on equality, and by the fear of losing personal freedom.
From this we can deduce that this hero values ​​​​only his independence. He is so freedom-loving that he strongly expresses the desire to subordinate everything and everything, even love, to his will.
Pechorin's closest people are only Dr. Werner and Vera. With Dr. Werner, he shares a feeling of loneliness. They are also united by mental disorder, as well as a similar mindset.
We can say about Vera that she is “the only woman in the world”. He loves her selflessly and disinterestedly. However, in these relations there are problems that are difficult for him to solve.
Pechorin is constantly fighting fiery passion and cold indifference.
Thus, the extreme selfishness of Pechorin shows his uselessness in all respects. Focusing on his own problems and aspirations, the hero does no good to anyone and does not bring happiness, we can conclude that he is closed in on himself.
Even he himself admits that he "became a moral coward."

So, "Hero of our time" - psychological novel, that is, a new word in Russian literature of the nineteenth century. This is a really special work for its time - it has a truly interesting structure: a Caucasian short story, travel notes, diary…. But still, the main goal of the work is to reveal the image of an unusual, at first glance, strange person - Grigory Pechorin. This is indeed an extraordinary, special person. And the reader traces this throughout the novel.

Who is Pechorin

and what is it the main tragedy? We see the hero from the most different people, and can thus compose it psychological picture. In the first chapters of the novel, one can see Grigory Pechorin through the eyes of Maxim Maksimych, a retired officer, a friend of the hero. “The man was strange,” he says. But an elderly officer lives in a different time, in a different world, and cannot give a complete and objective description. But already at the beginning of the novel, from the words of Maxim Maksimych, we understand that this is a special person. The next stage in the disclosure of the image is the description of Pechorin by a wandering officer. He is closer to him both in age and in looks,

and in the circle of communication, therefore, he can better reveal it inner world.

And the officer notices some features of appearance that are directly related to character. Much attention is paid to the description of gait, eyes, hands, figure. But the look is key. “His Eyes didn’t laugh when he laughed – a sign of either an evil temper or an all-consuming sadness.” And it is here that we are approaching the answer to the question: what is the tragedy of the hero? The most complete answer is presented in the part of the novel that illustrates the psychology of secular society - "Princess Mary". It is written in the form of a diary. And that is why we can talk about the real sincerity and genuineness of the story, because in the diary a person expresses feelings only for himself, and, as you know, it is pointless to lie to himself. And here Pechorin himself tells the reader about his tragedy. The text contains a large number of monologues in which the hero himself analyzes his actions, philosophizes about his destiny and inner world. AND the main problem it turns out that Pechorin constantly turns inward, evaluates his actions, words, which contributes to the discovery of his own vices and imperfections. And Pechorin says: “I have an innate passion to contradict ...” He fights with the outside world. It may seem that this is an angry and indifferent person, but this is by no means the case. His inner world is deep and vulnerable. He is tormented by the bitterness of misunderstanding by society. “Everyone read signs of bad qualities on my face ...” Perhaps this is the main tragedy. He deeply felt good and evil, could love, but those around him did not understand, and his best qualities were strangled. All feelings were hidden in the most distant corners of the soul. He became a "moral cripple". And he himself writes that half of his soul is dead, and the other is barely alive. But she's alive! True feelings still live in Pechorin. But they are suffocated. In addition, the hero is tormented by boredom and loneliness. However, feelings break through in this man, when he runs after Vera, he falls and cries - it means he is still really a man! But suffering is an unbearable test for him. And you can see that the tragedy of Pechorin echoes the tragedy Pushkin's Onegin- Pechorin cannot find recognition for himself in life, science is not interesting to him, the service is boring ...

Thus, there are several main problems: misunderstanding of society, lack of self-realization. And society did not understand Grigory Pechorin. He thought that he was destined for higher goals, but misunderstanding turned out to be a tragedy for him - he broke his life and divided his soul into two halves - dark and light.

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So, "A Hero of Our Time" is a psychological novel, that is, a new word in Russian literature of the nineteenth century. This is a really special work for its time - it has a truly interesting structure: a Caucasian short story, travel notes, a diary .... But still, the main goal of the work is to reveal the image of an unusual, at first glance, strange man - Grigory Pechorin. This is indeed an extraordinary, special person. And the reader traces this throughout the novel. Who is Pechorin, and what is his main tragedy? We see the hero from the side of a variety of people, and thus can make up his psychological portrait. In the first chapters of the novel, one can see Grigory Pechorin through the eyes of Maxim Maksimych, a retired officer, a friend of the hero.

“The man was strange,” he says. But an elderly officer lives in a different time, in a different world, and cannot give a complete and objective description. But already at the beginning of the novel, from the words of Maxim Maksimych, we understand that this is a special person. The next stage of disclosure image - description Pechorin as a wandering officer. He is closer to him both in age, and in views, and in terms of social circle, therefore, he can better reveal his inner world. And the officer notices some features of appearance that are directly related to character. Much attention is paid to the description of gait, eyes, hands, figure. But the look is key. "His Eyes did not laugh when he laughed - this is a sign of either an evil disposition or an all-consuming sadness." And it is here that we are approaching the answer to the question: what is the tragedy of the hero? The most complete answer is presented in the part of the novel that illustrates the psychology of secular society - "Princess Mary". It is written in the form of a diary. And that is why we can talk about the real sincerity and genuineness of the story, because in the diary a person expresses feelings only for himself, and, as you know, it is pointless to lie to himself. And here Pechorin himself tells the reader about his tragedy. The text contains a large number of monologues in which the hero himself analyzes his actions, philosophizes about his destiny and inner world. And the main problem turns out to be that Pechorin constantly turns inward, evaluates his actions, words, which contributes to the discovery of his own vices and imperfections. And Pechorin says: “I have an innate passion to contradict ...” He fights with the outside world. It may seem that this is an angry and indifferent person, but this is by no means the case. His inner world is deep and vulnerable. He is tormented by the bitterness of misunderstanding by society. “Everyone read the signs of bad qualities on my face ...” Perhaps this is the main tragedy. He deeply felt good and evil, could love, but those around him did not understand, and his best qualities were strangled. All feelings were hidden in the most distant corners of the soul. He became a "moral cripple". And he himself writes that half of his soul is dead, and the other is barely alive. But she's alive! True feelings still live in Pechorin. But they are suffocated. In addition, the hero is tormented by boredom and loneliness. However, feelings break through in this man, when he runs after Vera, he falls and cries - it means he is still really a man! But suffering is an unbearable test for him. And you can see that the tragedy of Pechorin echoes the tragedy of Pushkin Onegin-Pechorin he cannot find recognition in life, he is not interested in science, the service is boring ... Thus, there are several main problems: misunderstanding of society, lack of self-realization. And society did not understand Grigory Pechorin. He thought that he was destined for higher goals, but misunderstanding turned out to be a tragedy for him - he broke his life and divided his soul into two halves - dark and light.

The image of Pechorin in the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"

Reflection Lessons

I offer three lessons in the image of Pechorin, which include the characterization of other characters in the novel. The lessons are built in the form of a heuristic conversation, inviting students to independently interpret the image of the protagonist, evaluate his actions and, most importantly, to try to find an explanation for their own questions about life.

Such tasks give grounds to call these lessons lessons-reflections.

Lesson #1

Theme: "Strange Man" Pechorin.

Objectives: To reveal the features of Pechorin's character in the chapters "Bela" and "Maxim Maksimych", to develop the skills of psychological analysis of the hero's actions, comparing him with other characters, to raise interest in working with the text of the novel-biography.

During the classes

On the eve of the duel, Pechorin will write down remarkable phrases in his diary: “And maybe I will die tomorrow! And there will not be a single being left on earth who would understand me perfectly. Some revere me worse, others better than I really ... Some will say: he was a kind fellow, others - a bastard! Both will be false…”

Why is it so important to be understood? Why is it scary to die misunderstood? The hero of the film “Let's Live Until Monday”, having suffered 2 lessons on the topic of the essay “What is happiness?”, Wrote a single phrase: “Happiness is when you are understood ...” This was his formula for happiness. How many people would subscribe to this phrase!

Pechorin needs not love, not help, not compassion, but understanding - to the point of pain, to despair. If people understood the complex, extraordinary, at first glance, strange personalities, Pushkin, Lermontov, Mayakovsky, Yesenin would not have left us so early ...

Each of you is no less interesting and no less strange than Pechorin. It is worth recalling the words of Chatsky: “I am strange, but who is not strange? The one who looks like all the fools.

To try to understand Pechorin is to understand oneself in some way. Each of us is a hero of our time. And what is he, the hero of the Lermontov era?

Let's write down the topic of the lesson: "Strange Man" Pechorin.

2. Conversation, work with text.

• • Describe the strangeness of the hero from the point of view of a kind, but ordinary officer Maxim Maksimych. Do you think this is weird?

    How to explain such differences in the habits and moods of the hero?

    Love and quick cooling to Bela. Was he sincere in the first and second cases, or is it a skillfully staged performance? What conclusion can be drawn from this incident, which turned into a tragedy? (This is one of Pechorin's attempts to escape from boredom, to find at least some meaning in life)

    Why do some people just live and are happy with everything, while others are painfully looking for something, and not money, not fame, not ranks, but precisely meaning? (These are thinking people: compare the two ways of a person in the novel “Eugene Onegin”: “Blessed is he who was young from his youth ...” and “But it is sad to think that youth was given to us in vain ...”)

    Is there any way out for a thinking person in the first chapter from such a situation when he is unhappy for no apparent reason? (Yes, approaching nature, this way to become happier for a while was also acceptable for Lermontov)

Nature plays an important role in the novel: it foreshadows the tragic end in the first chapter, and leads us along the amazing roads of the Caucasus. (An individual assignment is given next lessons: analysis of pictures of nature in 1-2 chapters, characterize artistic techniques author, find metaphors, comparisons, epithets, including color)

3. Work on portrait characteristic hero.

Students write out the contradictions in his appearance:

Broad shoulders - a small aristocratic hand.

White hair - black mustache and eyebrows.

A child's smile is a heavy look.

Youthful appearance, delicate skin - wrinkles crossing one another.

Students express their opinions on the following portrait sketch: "Pechorin's eyes did not laugh when he laughed - this is a sign of either an evil disposition or deep permanent sadness."

Which Pechorin - angry or sad?

4. Discussion of the relationship between Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych.

Why didn't two officers who served together for quite a long time become friends?

Why is the kind, dear Maxim Maksimych forgotten not only by Pechorin, but also by Bela?

Conclusion: Maxim Maksimych is too simple, unable to understand the depth of the soul, the torment of an outstanding person. Between them - the abyss of misunderstanding, "different roads."

Home students get the task to read the chapters “Taman”, “Princess Mary” and think over the answer to the question: “Love and friendship in the life of Pechorin. Is he capable of these feelings?

Lesson number 2.

Topic: Pechorin and his entourage.

Objectives: to consider the image of Pechorin in interaction with other characters of the novel, to reveal the role personal diary in the characterization of the hero, to develop the skills of psychological analysis of views and actions literary hero, to characterize the society surrounding Pechorin, to cultivate interest in psychological analysis.

During the classes

1. introduction teachers.

In the previous lesson, we were convinced that Pechorin is a complex person, capable of both good impulses of the soul and cruel deeds that bring grief to others. But none of those who are next to him have the right to judge the hero, because he himself judges and executes himself. This will manifest itself in Pechorin's diary - his tragic confession. He appears here as a good psychologist who does not spare any of the heroes for their weaknesses and vices, just as, however, he will not spare himself.

2. Conversation on the chapter "Taman".

- “And why did fate throw me into a peaceful circle honest smugglers?»

Indeed, why did Pechorin interfere in their lives? And why " honest smugglers"? (incompatible concept)

3. Analysis of the text of the chapter "Mary" on the topic of the lesson: "Pechorin and his entourage."

What was " water society"? Give him a description.

Pechorin and Werner

Were they friends?

“Werner is a wonderful person for many reasons.” Which ones exactly?

Why did Werner and Pechorin say goodbye so coldly?

Conclusion. Recognizing Werner as his equal in mind, Pechorin himself admits his inability to make friends. Apparently, this is because friendship involves self-giving, even sacrifice, and Pechorin is “sick” with egocentrism.

Pechorin and Grushnitsky

Is the reason for their mutual hostility a moral and psychological basis or an intimate love one? In what way does it manifest itself?

Conclusion. Grushnitsky loses in many respects to Pechorin; he is stupid, but he claims to be witty, he strives to shine in society. It looks funny. And with Pechorin, everything turns out easily, without much desire and tension.

Grushnitsky plays a comedy, portraying a disappointed sufferer, but looks like a jester, while Pechorin's suffering and disappointment are genuine.

Thus, Grushnitsky insulted a thinking person in Pechorin, doomed to a divided life.

Grushnitsky is capable of meanness if his pride is hurt. When does it show up?

Does Grushnitsky have a conscience?

(Yes, once she spoke during a duel)

What contradictions does Pechorin reveal duel?

A) He denies himself the opportunity to live with feelings: “For a long time I have been living not with my heart, but with my head,” and at the same time, he does not sleep on the night before the duel, and during the duel the doctor will find a “feverish pulse” in him.

B) Does not value life: "Maybe I want to be killed ...", but at the same time frantically clings to life: he reads a novel by Walter Scott at night, worries about his high destiny.

C) Makes attempts to reason with Grushnitsky and reconcile with him, but, in the end, kills him, horrifying and bewildering Werner with his act.

Pechorin and his friends

What attracts Pechorin to officers on the waters? (wit and generosity)

How many horses does Pechorin have? (4: one for myself, three for friends)

Why does he always go for walks alone?

Why did Pechorin's friends so easily take the side of Grushnitsky during the conflict? How would you answer the question of Pechorin himself: “Why do they all hate me?”

Conclusion. He was smarter than them, he was looking for a high goal in life, he despised rank and wealth, and, therefore, he was among them the "black sheep". Pechorin invariably caused unaccountable irritation of those around him, who were ready to find fault even with his “always clean gloves”, but in fact, according to Belinsky, “they cannot forgive him for his superiority over them.”

Pechorin and women

What qualities of Pechorin manifested themselves especially clearly in his relationships with women? ( good psychologist. Educated. Witty. His diary is full of names of philosophers, writers, historical figures).

How could Pechorin arouse the love of Mary, who at first was carried away by Grushnitsky? (He played on feelings: annoyance → hatred → interest → compassion → the desire to reward for the former coldness. For this, for his part, he showed: arrogance → indifference → mystery → sharpness of mind → complaints of misunderstanding)

Practical exercise for the opportunity to compete with Pechorin in wit:

“I said to her one of those phrases that everyone should have prepared for such a case.”

"I made her feel with a very confusing phrase that I had liked her for a long time."

These phrases are not in the text. Come up with them for Pechorin. You immediately felt that it was not so easy. Try do it at home, write down your options for phrases for the next lesson.

Does Pechorin love Mary? Why is he intriguing? (From boredom. And boredom - from the emptiness of the soul. The soul is empty when it is not filled with feelings. Boredom has become a synonym for misfortune for Pechorin).

Pechorin says that he feels immense strength in his soul. What exactly does he spend his energy on? (On intrigues, adventures)

Conclusion. The tragedy of Pechorin is that he lacks work is the main work of all life. The era of timelessness turned into a real tragedy for smart, outstanding natures.

Why does Pechorin value his relationship with Vera so much, but at the same time he does not want to change anything in his life? (Firstly, she is one of the few who understands him, and secondly, she is a memory of those times when he was still able to love).

- "Do I look like a killer?" Pechorin will ask Mary. "You're worse," she replies. How to understand it?

Conclusion. Pechorin morally killed people with his actions, but at the same time he himself suffered severely: after the death of Bela, “he was unwell, emaciated ...”, during a difficult explanation with Mary, he was shocked: “It became unbearable: another minute, and I would have fallen at her feet ".

In him, goodness was mixed with cruelty and heartlessness, and best forces souls went to unsightly deeds and deeds.

4. Summing up the lesson.

Who is to blame for Pechorin's misfortune - secular society or himself? (Love for people is born with love, but never with hatred or contempt)

Homework: Pick up descriptions of nature in the novel to characterize the image of Pechorin; compose two missing phrases for Pechorin; give a few brief, concise formulations that accurately define the essence of the main character (invent yourself and use words from the text of the novel, statements by critics).

Lesson number 3.

Topic: Pechorin as a "portrait of a generation".

Objectives: to reveal the role of nature in the characterization of the image of Pechorin, to teach to generalize and systematize the information received, to select desired material, develop skills in working with text, cultivate interest in working with classical works.

During the classes

1. Checking homework.

Pupils read variants of phrases invented for Pechorin.

2. Practical work over selected descriptions of nature.

How do pictures of nature help to reveal Pechorin's soul?

Students find expressive details in the form of metaphors, epithets, personifications (a extinguished torch, gray patches of clouds like snakes, thorn bushes, an ominous cloud, a dying wind, heavy, cold clouds, the sun is a yellow spot).

Performance of students with individual tasks: observation of pictures of nature in the first two chapters.

Conclusion. Pechorin loves nature, and it has a beneficial effect on him. We read the description of nature at the beginning of the chapter "Princess Mary". It is no coincidence that he rented an apartment on the edge of the city. It is here that we see him kind and peaceful.

3. Reflection on the role of the diary in the life of the hero.

Pechorin wrote that the diary would be "a precious memory" for him. Then why doesn't he want to take his papers from Maxim Maksimych and indifferently say about the diary: "Do with it what you want"?

Pechorin's papers are his soul, thoughts, feelings. But will it eventually be a "precious memory"? Or maybe terrible?

Reading the diary, we see the yearning eyes of Bela, the weeping blind boy, the mournful face of Vera, “pale as marble,” Mary, the murdered Grushnitsky, the intelligent reproachful look of Werner ...

Hardly such memories could be precious to Pechorin. The past haunts him relentlessly, and conscience sharpens the memory of the soul even more: “There is no person in the world over whom the past would acquire such power as over me.”

Refusal of the diary, of meeting with Maxim Maksimych is the last movement of the good side of Pechorin's nature and, at the same time, a symptom of his spiritual death.

Before us is the true face of the hero of that time, completely devastated, desperate, who once said: "I feel immense strength in myself." And there is no trace of those immense forces ...

We read stanzas from the novel "Eugene Onegin", in which Pushkin speaks of two possible ways person. We compare them with the content of the last paragraph of the chapter "Princess Mary".

Why did Pechorin choose the second path?

Why does the image of a sail appear at the end of this chapter, which is symbolic for Lermontov himself? Isn’t there a faint hope behind this image that everything is not lost for Pechorin and his generation, that there is still a chance to finally use “immense forces” in a different direction? If yes, where and how?

4. Summing up the lesson.

Who is Pechorin? Give him a concise figurative description.

Collective work on a selection of the characteristics of the hero:

"Smart uselessness".

"Suffering egoist" (Belinsky).

"Extra Man".

« Moral cripple"(Pechorin).

"Younger brother of Onegin" (Herzen).

"Extinguished torch" (From Pechorin's diary).

Which of the definitions, in your opinion, is the most suitable for describing Pechorin? You will answer this question in your homework.

Homework: Home essay in the image of Pechorin on one of the topics submitted as a concise description.