Presentation of a lesson on artistic culture style impressionism. Impressionist painting

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Claude Monet

french painter. representative of impressionism. Thin in color, landscapes filled with light and air; in the 1890s, he sought to capture the fleeting states of the light-air environment in different time days

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Color and light

Monet's obsession with light and color resulted in years of research and experimentation, the purpose of which was to capture on canvas the fleeting, elusive shades of nature.

• "Impression. Sunrise."
• "Regatta at Argenteuil"

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• "Artist's Garden at Giverny"
• "Still life with sunflowers"

It was not a smooth letter, with the help of thin glazes (this is how the painters' ateliers write), but consisted of pasty strokes.

picturesque surface

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It is important for him not only to capture a landscape, an everyday scene, but to convey the freshness of a direct impression from the contemplation of nature, where every moment something happens, where the color of objects is constantly changing depending on the lighting, on the state of the atmosphere, the weather, on the neighborhood with other objects that cast off colored reflections

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"Lady in the Garden"

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In the painting “Ladies in the Garden” (circa 1865, the Hermitage, St. Petersburg), flooded with shining light, the white color of the dress seems to absorb all the multicolors of nature - here are blue highlights, and greenish, ocher, pinkish; just as finely crafted green color leaves, herbs.

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Renoir

French painter, graphic artist and sculptor, representative of impressionism.

Light and transparent in painting, landscapes, portraits, dynamic everyday scenes glorify the sensual beauty and joy of being.

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Ball at the Moulin de la Galette. 1876.

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Unlike most Impressionists, main theme which the landscape has become, Renoir attracts everyday life human - scenes seen in the park, cafe, on the street, on the banks of the river, in the bath

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"On the terrace".

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Renoir loves delicate, pastel colors, pink, blue, pale green - perhaps this was due to his work on porcelain painting. In Renoir's paintings there is a lot of sun, light, they are filled with the breath of life: the waters flow and sparkle with highlights, the trees tremble in the wind, sunbeams glide over faces, clothes, grass; a free stroke enhances the impression of a special spirituality, the variability of the world.

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Neighborhood Menton

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Edouard Manet

French painter. He rethought the images and plots of the old masters in the spirit of modernity, created works on everyday, historical, revolutionary themes. Manet's work is characterized by freshness and sharpness of perception.

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Manet was one of the first artists to notice the alienation of people from each other, the characters depicted by him are nearby, but as if they do not pay attention to the environment.

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"Old Musician" 1862

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Bar in the Folies Bergère.

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A bored barmaid against the background of a huge mirror, which reflects the hall with visitors and the half-figure of a client trying to talk to her, seems lonely among the magnificence of multi-colored bottles with bright stickers and colored foil on their necks, flowers in a glass and fruits in crystal vase. The theme of “disconnection” of a person from the environment remains the main one here.

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Degas

French painter, graphic artist and sculptor. representative of impressionism. The paintings are sharp, dynamic perception modern life, with a strictly adjusted asymmetric composition, a flexible and precise pattern, and unexpected angles of figures. pastel master

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Degas is more concerned with the life of the city than the landscape. He strives to convey an instantaneous, elusive movement - hence his interest in the world of theater, backstage, ballet, circus, horse racing: ballerinas, horses flying to the finish line, gambling, dexterous jockeys, excited crowds of spectators.

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Bow dancers

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His paintings seem to be accidentally snatched from the flow of life by scenes, but this “accident” is the fruit of a well-thought-out composition, where a cut fragment of a figure, a building, emphasizes the immediacy of the impression.

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Impressionism (fr. impression - impression) is a trend in art that originated in France in the second half of the 19th century, the desire to most naturally capture the real world in its mobility and variability.

Tasks of Impressionism Expression of the surrounding world by means of art; Transfer in colors of an elusive, fleeting mood and feeling; liberation of the artistic process from general rules.

Impressionism is a widespread trend in the visual arts today. Therefore, the impressionists of the XIX century. - the founders of modern art.

Achieving Impressionism artistic research colors and light in the atmosphere, the transfer of their interaction on the canvas. The desire to show that an object well lit by the sun is brighter than the same object in room lighting. That's why the Impressionist paintings had bright colors.

Impressionism is called a movement towards nature, which is the source of all impressions. The artist sought to convey his impressions on canvas as vividly, expressively and emotionally as possible, to convey these impressions and the energy of the situation to the viewer in full.

Bathing on the Seine, Auguste Renoir, 1869 Museum, Moscow Painting in the open air

Frog, Auguste Renoir

Portrait of the actress Jeanne Samary A special place in the work of Renoir is occupied by female images, as if marked with the seal of the era

Girl with a fan. O. Renoir

Girl in black. O. Renoir O. Renoir achieves wonderful coloring with the help of combinations of tones similar in color.

In the boat E. Manet, 1874 The artist moves from dense tones to light and free plein air painting

Breakfast in the workshop. E. Manet, 1868. Rethinking the plots of the old masters, he sought to introduce the image of modern man

Plowed land, C. Pissarro

Village entrance

Boulevard Montmarte, C. Pissarro

Impression. Sunrise. Claude Monet. 1872

Field of poppies, Claude Monet, 1880

Arch of rock Bridge

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Presentation " Impressionism in painting» will acquaint the outstanding French artists: Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Edgar Degas, Alfred Sisley and Auguste Renoir, talk about the revolution they made in art.

Impressionism in painting

On the origin of the term impressionism ”I’ll just say for the sake of order, I’m sure that my inquisitive reader knows about this since school years. This term first appeared in critical article in the newspaper Sharivari”, dedicated to the exhibition of artists who decided to show works not accepted by the Salon, where at that time academic art was welcomed. Our freedom-loving heroes, not wanting to obey any rules, obtained permission from Emperor Napoleon III to arrange their own exhibition. The first such action in 1863 was called " Outcast Salon". Ten years later, the artists exhibited again. At this exhibition, among other works that shocked the public, there was also the now famous painting all over the world. Claude Monet "Impression. Sunrise”, which gave a name to a wonderful direction in art.

Impressionist artists existed and there are a lot. My presentation is devoted only to the work of the five most prominent. Any creative person perfectly represents how difficult it is to stay true to one's ideas in an authoritarian society. Our heroes often found themselves in a hopeless situation, not having the means to feed their families (Camille Pissarro, for example, had seven children!).

Art and science

The discoveries of the Impressionists in the field of art were inextricably linked with scientific discoveries and the creative insights of their predecessors. The main rule of the Impressionist painters was the condition of work en plein air. This idea was not new. They painted their wonderful, lively landscapes in the open air. But neither the Barbizons nor the Impressionists would have been able to work in the air if, in 1841, the American portrait painter John Rend had not invented tin, shrink tube for oil paints. The invention of photography also could not but affect the fate of painting. By the way, one of the first professional photographers, Ralph Nadar, was a friend of the Impressionists, and they arranged their first exhibitions in his studio.

"Dry theory, my friend..."

Unlike painting, we will not find depth and sincerity in the landscapes of the Impressionists. The task of the heroes of my presentation was to capture on the canvas the momentary state of the air environment. The main character of the Impressionist painters was not nature, but light and air changing every moment. Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley tried to catch these changes. It is this desire that we owe to the existence of the famous series of Claude Monet: “Hacks”, “ Rouen Cathedral”, “Station Saint-Lazare”, “Poplars”, the London Parliament Building”, “Nymphaeum” and others. On the site Gallerix.ru you can see these pictures in good quality.

Impressionist ideas

• No color exists on its own. Form and colors are inseparable concepts. Light evokes forms. Light disappears, forms and colors disappear.

• Every color is made up of the elements of sunlight, that is, of the 7 tones of the spectrum.

• What used to be called local tone is a delusion: the leaf is not green, the tree trunk is not brown.

• Air is the only real plot of the picture, only through it we see everything that is depicted on it.

• The painter must write only with seven colors of the spectrum and expel all the rest from the palette. This is what Claude Monet boldly did, adding only white and black. Then, instead of composing mixtures on a palette, he must introduce only strokes of seven pure colors onto the canvas, laying them one next to the other, leaving the individual colors to enter into mixtures already in the eye of the viewer, therefore, acting as light itself does. . This is the theory of the decomposition of tones, which is the main basis of the technique of the Impressionists.

• Light becomes the only plot of the picture, interest in the objects on which it plays becomes secondary.
  Volynsky. green tree of life

“The Impressionists transformed the perception of painting and nature. It is unlikely that after them there will be an art lover or artist who dares to say that the sky is just blue, snow is white, and grass is green. Without noticing it, we now look at the world through the prism of impressionistic painting. They opened up the possibility of seeing not only a certain object, but "what lives between the artist and the subject of the image." Of course, they had great predecessors, but it was the Impressionists who opened the window to the world of sun and air so wide.”
Fomina N.N.

Arthive website has interesting stuff dedicated to the Impressionists: " Traveling in France with the Impressionists. Fans of impressionistic art will be interested.

If you decide to watch my presentation, then do not be too lazy to download it to your computer (it, however, turned out to be very heavy, I wanted to make it beautiful, and the png format is heavy). Otherwise, many animation effects will not work.

References:

• Art. Small children's encyclopedia. - M .: Russian Encyclopedic Partnership, 2001.
• Encyclopedia for children. T.7. Art. – M.: Avanta+, 2000.
• Encyclopedia. Scenery. - M .: "OLMA-PRESS Education", 2002.
• Great artists. Volume 72. Camille Jacob Pissarro. - M .: Publishing house "Direct-Media", 2011.
• Beckett V. History of painting. - M .: Astrel Publishing House LLC: AST Publishing House LLC, 2003.
• Great artists. Volume 25. Edgar Hilaire Germe Degas. - M .: Publishing house "Direct-Media", 2010.
• Great artists. Volume 59. Alfred Sisley. - M .: Publishing house "Direct-Media", 2010.
• Great artists. Volume 4. Claude Monet. - M .: Publishing house "Direct-Media", 2009.
• Emokhonova L.G. World Artistic Culture: Proc. Allowance for students. avg. ped. textbook establishments. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 1998.
• Lvova E.P., Sarabyanov D.V., Borisova E.A., Fomina N.N., Berezin V.V., Kabkova E.P., Nekrasova L.M. World Art. XIX century. art, music, theater. ‒ St. Petersburg: Peter, 2007.
• Raymond Konya. Pissarro. - M.: Slovo, 1995
• Samin D.K. One hundred great artists. – M.: Veche, 2004.

Good luck!

Plan: The concept of impressionism, representatives, its main features in painting, The concept of impressionism, representatives, its main features in painting, Claude Oscar Monet, short biography Claude Oscar Monet, short biography notable works Monet The most famous works of Monet Pierre Auguste Renoir, short biography Pierre Auguste Renoir, short biography The most famous works of Renoir The most famous works of Renoir Impressionism in sculpture. Auguste Rodin Impressionism in sculpture. Auguste Rodin Sculpture"Citizens of the city of Calais" Sculpture "Citizens of the city of Calais"

Claude Oscar Monet Claude Oscar Monet was born on November 14, 1840 in Paris. Monet's fame was brought by the portrait of Camille Donsier, written in 1866 ("Camille, or a portrait of a lady in a green dress"). Claude Oscar Monet was born on November 14, 1840 in Paris. Monet's fame was brought by the portrait of Camille Donsier, written in 1866 ("Camille, or a portrait of a lady in a green dress"). famous landscape"Impression. Rising Sun"(Impression, soleil levant). famous landscape “Impression. The Rising Sun" (Impression, soleil levant). The artist died on December 5, 1926 in Giverny The artist died on December 5, 1926 in Giverny A crater on Mercury was named after Monet. A crater on Mercury is named after Monet.

1869 Oil on canvas. 89 x 130 cm Musée d'Orsay, Paris Rejected by the Salon "Magpie" - a magnificent embodiment of a winter day and one of the most famous paintings Claude Monet.

Pierre Auguste Renoir Auguste Renoir was born on February 25, 1841 in Limoges, a city located in the south of Central France. Auguste Renoir was born on February 25, 1841 in Limoges, a city located in the south of Central France. Renoir first tasted success in 1864 when one of his paintings passed a rigorous selection process and was exhibited at the Salon, the annual state art exhibition. Renoir first tasted success in 1864 when one of his paintings passed a rigorous selection process and was exhibited at the Salon, the annual state art exhibition. On December 3, 1919, Pierre-Auguste Renoir died in Caen from pneumonia at the age of 78. Buried in Essua. On December 3, 1919, Pierre-Auguste Renoir died in Caen from pneumonia at the age of 78. Buried in Essua.

Paintings by Renoir Umbrellas () Pierre Auguste Renoir "Nude in the Sunlight"

Breakfast of the Rowers Oil on canvas. 128x173. Phillips Collection. National Gallery Washington.

Portraits of actress Jeanne Samary (gg.)

Two Girls at the Piano () Bather (1892)

Impressionism in sculpture. Auguste Rodin Auguste Rodin, (Auguste Rodin) (). Great french sculptor Auguste Rodin in many of his works was close to the Impressionists and Art Nouveau artists in an effort to convey a moment in facial expression or in a person's pose; in rethinking the classical academic approach and style in sculpture. Almost all of his works aroused the interest and ambiguous reaction of the public Auguste Rodin, (Auguste Rodin) (). The great French sculptor Auguste Rodin in many of his works was close to the Impressionists and Art Nouveau artists in an effort to convey a moment in facial expression or in a person's pose; in rethinking the classical academic approach and style in sculpture. Almost all of his works aroused interest and ambiguous reactions from the public.

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Impressionism in painting

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The beginning of the search for the Impressionists dates back to the 1860s, when young artists were no longer satisfied with the means and goals of academicism, as a result of which each of them independently seeks other ways to develop his style. In 1864, Eugene Boudin invited Monet to Honfleur, where he lived all autumn, watching his teacher paint sketches in pastels and watercolors, while his friend Jonkind applied paint to his work with vibrating strokes. It was here that they taught him to work in the open air and write in light colors.

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The first important exhibition of the Impressionists took place from 15 April to 15 May 1874 in the studio of the photographer Nadar. There were presented 30 artists, in total - 165 works. The new trend differed from academic painting both technically and ideologically. First of all, the Impressionists abandoned the contour, replacing it with small separate and contrasting strokes, which they applied in accordance with the color theories of Chevreul, Helmholtz and Rude. The sunbeam splits into its components: violet, blue, blue, green, yellow, orange, red, but since blue is a variety of blue, their number is reduced to six. Two colors placed side by side reinforce each other and, conversely, when mixed, they lose their intensity. In addition, all colors are divided into primary, or primary, and dual, or derivatives, with each dual color being additional to the first: Blue - Orange Red - Green Yellow - Violet Thus, it became possible not to mix colors on the palette and get desired color by properly overlaying them on the canvas. This later became the reason for the rejection of black.

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Then the Impressionists stopped concentrating all their work on the canvases in the workshops, now they prefer the open air, where it is more convenient to grab a fleeting impression of what they saw, which became possible thanks to the invention of steel tubes for paint, which, unlike leather bags, could be closed so that the paint did not dry out. Also, the artists used opaque paints that do not transmit light well and are unsuitable for mixing because they quickly turn gray, this allowed them to create paintings not with "internal", but with "external" light reflected from the surface. In general, many masters worked in the style of impressionism, but the main movements were Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir, Degas Alfred, Camille Pissarro, Frederic Basil and Berthe Morisot.

Impressionist masters

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Seascape(Port at Lorient) Berthe Morisot, 1869

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At the Cradle (Berthe Morisot, 1872)

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Hide and seek (Berthe Morisot, 1873)

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In the Park (Berthe Morisot, 1874)

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The paintings of Berthe Morisot, presented at the first exhibition of the Impressionists, were quite respectable. If not for the manner of writing, her canvases “At the Cradle”, “Hide and Seek”, “Reading” (9 paintings in total) would not have caused complaints. Actually, the critics who scolded the exhibition had fewer complaints about her than about other artists. In her works, Berta sang the everyday life of a wealthy bourgeois family - motherhood, home life, outdoor recreation with children, etc. She remained faithful to this theme until the end of her days. The case of Bertha Morisot was continued by her daughter Julie. She actually became talented artist, and her style of painting was close to that in which her mother preferred to work.