home › Reviews › Presentation on the topic of predator plants. Carnivorous plants (insectivorous or carnivorous) (insectivorous or carnivorous) - presentation for two groups

Presentation on the topic of predator plants. Carnivorous plants (insectivorous or carnivorous) (insectivorous or carnivorous) - presentation for two groups

Deadly Beauty Project (carnivorous plants)

Completed by students of 2nd “B” grade

MBOU Secondary School No. 2, Iskitim

Novosibirsk region

Project Manager:

Radchenko O.F

primary school teacher

Target work: identifying the reasons why plants turned into predators.

Object of study are families of “insectivorous” plants.

tasks :

Study historical information about predatory plants;

Consider the characteristics of these plants;

Identify the causes and conditions for the transformation of plants into predators.

Based on literary sources, the following was put forward: hypothesis : If plants “eat” insects, then this is necessary in order to survive in the environment.

Types of "insectivorous" plants

If you thought that predator plants were the stuff of science fiction, they are not reality. About 500 species of insectivorous plants are known. All of them receive part of their nutrients from animals (mainly insects), which they catch in various ingenious ways.

NEPENTHES (species)

swamps (mosses, peat)
sandy and rocky soils

PREDATORS AT YOUR HOME

Zhiryanka

Sarracenia

Venus flytrap

Sundew

Nepenthes

World records

One sundew plant catches and eats 2,000 insects over the summer.

The Venus flytrap is capable of slamming leaves in one tenth of a second. This is one of the fastest movements in the plant world.

Why do plants need “predation”?

Plants “eat” insects solely to survive in a hostile environment where the soil is so poor or so acidic that the roots cannot obtain nutrients in the usual way.

Thus, we put forward hypothesis It was confirmed that plants “eat” insects solely in order to survive in a hostile environment, where the soil is so poor or acidic that the roots cannot receive nutrients in the usual way.

The plants came out of the situation and began to catch insects.

Literature

1.//dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc1p/32194

2.//dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc1p/321

3. The big book “Why” (questions and answers, interesting and useful information, quizzes and entertaining experiments). Moscow "ROSMEN" 2007

4. D.G. Hessayon. All about indoor plants. Houseplants. Encyclopedia. Eksmo Publishing House. 2003.

Slide 1

Slide 2

Nepenthes grows on the island of Madagascar, belongs to the genus Nepenthes, or pitcher plant. Next to the usual leaves, these plants also develop those in which at the end grow reddish, up to 50-70 cm long, “jugs” with a lid at the top.

Slide 3

Nepenthes The bright color of the living vessel and the sweet juice formed along its edges attract insects. Once on the smooth inner wall, they fall to the bottom, where up to 2 liters of liquid collect. The plant digests insects and then absorbs them.

Slide 4

Sarracenia In terms of the structure of the hunting apparatus and the method of hunting, the perennial marsh grass Sarracenia, which belongs to the largest insectivorous plants, is similar to the pitcher plant.

Slide 5

Sarracenia Its tubular leaves-vessels reach 70-80 cm. They also attract insects with nectar, which fall into the water collected at the bottom of the living vessel. Hairs sticking out on its inner wall and pointing down prevent insects from getting out.

Slide 6

Slide 7

Venus flytrap The Venus flytrap grows in the swamps of North and South Carolina in the United States. The oval halves of the leaves of this plant are located at an obtuse angle to one another. Long, strong, claw-like teeth grow along their edges. Each half has three sensitive bristles.

Slide 8

Venus flytrap As soon as the insect touches them, the halves instantly close. The trap is designed in such a way that the plant catches the insect with lightning speed and with a tight fixation. Thin bristles on the inside of the leaf are activated upon contact, and within 30 seconds the prey itself is “identified” from other external factors, such as a raindrop.

Slide 9

Pemphigus But predator plants are found not only in overseas countries. In our stagnant reservoirs you can find pemphigus utricularia.

Slide 10

Pemphigus This plant produces bubbles on its leaves up to 5 mm in diameter with a hole that is closed from the inside by a valve with hairs. When a mosquito larva or a small crustacean touches the hairs on the lid, the animal is instantly sucked into the bubble along with water. Sometimes even fish fry and tadpoles are captured. They also serve as food for the plant.

Slide 11

Sundew In the peat bogs of Europe there is a small, up to 20 cm tall, perennial plant with small leaves collected in a rosette. The leaves are dotted with hairs with droplets as transparent as dew at the ends.

Slide 12

Sundew Attracted by the shiny droplets, the insect will land on a leaf and will no longer be able to fly off it - “dew” is a sticky liquid. The hairs lean toward the insect like tentacles. Then digestive juice is secreted, which in composition resembles the gastric juice of animals.

Slide 13

Sundew Sundew has very sensitive leaves, they react to the weight of an insect of only 0.008 mg! Sundew is able to react not only to weight, but also to animal products: pieces of meat, cheese, bones. When the food is digested, the leaf straightens, shaking out the chitinous shell remaining from the insect. The hairs also straighten, droplets of juice appear, and the leaf is ready to hunt again.

Slide 14

Why did carnivorous plants appear? The fact is that they grow in water, in swamps or poor soils, where they lack nutrients - phosphorus, nitrogen, as well as sodium, potassium, and magnesium salts. So, with the help of all sorts of ingenious traps and Velcro, they hunt small animals to supplement their diet.

Some carnivorous plants (sundew, butterwort, etc.) have leaves covered with numerous glands that secrete a sticky transparent liquid that attracts insects and sticks them to the leaf. Some carnivorous plants (sundew, butterwort, etc.) have leaves covered with numerous glands that secrete a sticky transparent liquid that attracts insects and sticks them to the leaf.

Venus flytrap On the inner half of the leaf there are hairs that secrete a sticky liquid. When an insect touches them, it sticks and the trap closes. On the inner half of the leaf there are hairs that secrete a sticky liquid. When an insect touches them, it sticks and the trap closes.

In other predatory plants, the trapping apparatus is represented either by passively catching insect urns (Nepenthes, Sarracenia, Darlingtonia, etc.) or by actively operating traps (Dionaea, bladderwort, etc.). In other predatory plants, the trapping apparatus is represented either by passively catching insect urns (Nepenthes, Sarracenia, Darlingtonia, etc.) or by actively operating traps (Dionaea, bladderwort, etc.).

Pemphigus vulgare On the underwater leaves of this predatory plant there are a huge number of bubbles that work like a valve. When an insect touches them, they instantly suck it inside the plant. The underwater leaves of this predatory plant contain a huge number of bubbles that work like a valve. When an insect touches them, they instantly suck it into the plant

Biology Presentation - Carnivorous plants

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Carnivorous plants considered a miracle of nature. Typically, such plants live in nitrogen-depleted areas, and animals are used as an additional source of nitrogen. Attracting insects by color, smell or sweet substances, plants catch them in one way or another, and then secrete enzymes into the trap that digest the caught victim. The products formed as a result of such extracellular digestion are absorbed and assimilated.

Carnivorous plants use five different types of devices to catch prey:
1. Jugs - traps
2. Slamming traps
3. Sticky traps
4. Suction traps
5. Trap villages

Jugs - traps

Slamming traps

Sticky traps

Suction traps

Traps - villages

Jug traps - Nepenthes

Pitcher traps - Sarracenia

Jug traps - Heliamphora

Pitcher traps - Darlingtonia

Sticky traps - Rossolist

Sticky Traps - Sundew

Sticky traps - Zhiryanka

Slamming traps - Venus flytrap

Slamming Traps - Aldrovanda

Suction Traps - Bladderwort

Traps - villages - Genlisey

Download Biology Presentation - Carnivorous Plants

Carnivorous plants are considered a miracle of nature. Typically, such plants live in nitrogen-depleted areas, and animals are used as an additional source of nitrogen. Attracting insects by color, smell or sweet substances, plants catch them in one way or another, and then secrete enzymes into the trap that digest the caught victim. The products formed as a result of such extracellular digestion are absorbed and assimilated.
There are 450 species of such plants belonging to 6 families; they can be found all over the world in a wide variety of habitats.
Since these carnivorous plants feed mainly on small insects, they are also called insectivores.

Carnivorous plants use five different types of adaptations to capture prey:
1. Jugs - traps
2. Slamming traps
3. Sticky traps
4. Suction traps
5. Trap villages

The type of trap is not a sign by which carnivorous plants are divided into families

Jugs - traps
These plants use various tricks to lure prey. The edges and inner walls of the trapping leaves of some of them are painted bright red, while others secrete a sugary substance.
There are two possible explanations why the prey does not fly out of the trap: an intoxicating substance contained in the sugary liquid that quickly puts the prey to sleep, or an overhanging lid that disorients the insect.

Slamming traps
The trap is formed at the end of the leaf, the petiole plays the role of a loop, and the leaf itself forms two lobes bordered by teeth. Each of them has sensitive hairs that activate the trap.
This happens when an insect disturbs one of the hairs. But only when the second hair is touched, a sufficiently powerful electrical impulse is sent from the base of the plant, causing the trap to slam shut. The trap slams shut very quickly - within one fifth of a second.

Sticky traps
Some plants use a sticky substance. As soon as the insects land on a leaf, they become stuck in a sugary liquid secreted by special stem glands in the leaves. Trying to escape, the victim forces the neighboring hairs to bend towards the source of movement and, as a result, finds itself even more firmly grabbed.

Suction traps
These plants live in ponds. Bubbles hanging from their leaves have a hole covering a free-hanging valve. Special glands pump almost all the water out of the bubble so that the valve remains tightly closed thanks to the water pressure from the outside. A sugary substance is then released, which attracts prey and at the same time strengthens the valve. The bristles direct the prey to the valve, which instantly opens when the prey touches the signal hairs. The pressure forces the valve to open inward, and the prey, along with water, is sucked into the vial. Then the valve quickly closes, water is pumped out, and digestion of the catch begins.

Traps - villages
The trapping leaves of the plant have a short petiole, divided into two tubes extending under water or underground. A spiral slot runs along the entire length of the tubes, along the inner surface, which contains a number of hairs directed inward. The glands located on the outer edge secrete an adhesive substance. Small aquatic or soil organisms are guided by their hairs into the trap, from where they can no longer escape.

Jugs - traps - Nepenthes
The tropical plant predator Nepenthes is capable of catching not only insects, but even small mice, frogs and reptiles.
After 5-7 hours, the caught prey is completely digested. Inside large jugs there is up to a liter of digestive juice.
Orangutans eagerly drink this sour, refreshing liquid.

Jugs - traps - Sarracenia
This is a North American marsh plant.
Catches cockroaches and flies with long tube-shaped traps - green graceful “glasses” 10-15 cm high, which are modified leaves growing from the rhizome. Above the traps rise wide, umbrella-shaped formations resulting from the expansion of the midrib.

Jugs - traps - Heliamphora
Grows in Venezuela and Guyana.
These are perennial herbs, with trap leaves in the shape of pitchers, forming rosettes. At the top of the wide-open funnel there is a small spoon-shaped outgrowth in which a large amount of nectar is produced. The height of the plants ranges from 7-40 cm. The color of the leaves is green with a purple tint, the central vein is bright purple.

Pitchers - traps - Darlingtonia
Darlingtonias are found in the marshy soils of the west coast of North America.
The trap leaves of this plant reach a height of one meter and are dangerous even for small birds. They resemble a cobra with a swollen neck preparing to attack.
Their sweet smell attracts crawling and flying insects.

Sticky traps - Rossolist
Rosolist is an insectivorous plant that grows in Portugal and Morocco mainly on dry, rocky soils.
The linear leaves and stem are densely covered with glands that secrete a sticky liquid similar to dew drops. The insect, once on the leaf, is doused with liquid, dies, dissolves and is absorbed by the plant.

Sticky Traps - Sundew
In the center of the leaf, the glandular hairs are short, and at the edges they are longer. The head of the hair is surrounded by a transparent droplet of thick sticky viscous mucus. Small flies or ants, attracted by the shine of these droplets, sit or crawl onto the leaf and stick to it. The insect thrashes and thrashes, trying to free itself from the trap, and in doing so inevitably touches neighboring sticky drops. All the hairs of the disturbed leaf bend towards the prey and soon envelop it in mucus.
One sundew plant can digest several dozen insects per day.

Sticky traps - Zhiryanka
The hunting apparatus of the butterwort is a leaf. On the upper side of the leaf there are stalked glands that secrete sugary mucus to attract insects, and sessile glands that produce mucus with a set of enzymes for digesting prey.
An insect sitting on a leaf sticks to its surface, after which the leaf slowly curls and the captured insect is digested.

Slamming traps - Venus flytrap
It feeds on insects and spiders.
It grows in a humid temperate climate on the Atlantic coast of the United States.
If the prey is small, it can crawl out of the trap, but if there is an insect thicker than 3-4 mm inside the valves, it will inevitably die. The more desperately it beats in the trap, the tighter the leaf flaps are compressed, more and more adjacent to one another and squeezing the prey. The inner surface of the leaf is dotted with small red glands that secrete a liquid that contains digestive enzymes and formic acid.

Slamming Traps - Aldrovanda
Aldrovanda swims freely in the pond.
Its thin herbaceous stem with whorls of 7-9 leaves, similar to the leaves of a Venus flytrap, is always under water.
Wide, flat, leaf-shaped petioles of the leaves are narrowed near the leaf blade, where they end in long awl-shaped bristles that stick out like peaks in all directions. The leaf blade consists of two semicircular halves inclined towards one another. This is the plant's trapping apparatus.

Suction Traps - Bladderwort
This interesting plant prefers silted, humus-rich reservoirs, which become a refuge for a large number of aquatic organisms in the spring and autumn.
A unique organ, the trapping vesicle, helps this plant capture prey, which is why they got the name “pemphigus.”

Traps - villages - Genlisey
Genlisea can be found in South America and tropical areas of Africa
They are true predators, although their appearance does not indicate their insidious properties. The fact is that, firstly, their hunting organs are located underground, and secondly, the production of genliseys is very small.
The underground outgrowths emit a special signal substance that lures single-celled organisms into trap holes.

Nepenthes grows on the island of Madagascar, belongs to the genus Nepenthes, or pitcher plant. Next to the usual leaves, these plants also develop those in which reddish, up to cm long, “jugs” with a lid at the top grow at the end.

Sarracenia Its tubular leaves-vessels reach cm. They also attract insects with nectar, which fall into the water collected at the bottom of the living vessel. Hairs sticking out on its inner wall and pointing down prevent insects from getting out.