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Dangers in the city and in the countryside. What is a dangerous situation? Types and characteristics of hazardous situations

Incredible facts

Imagine being in the middle of a panicked crowd, being taken hostage, or being hit by a tornado.

It would seem that, hopeless situation, but there is always a way out if you try to remain calm and react quickly.

These and other life-threatening situations, and tips to help you get out of them with minimal losses.

Rules of conduct in dangerous situations

1. Crush

Try to stay on your feet - this is the key to survival. Once you get knocked down, your chances are greatly reduced.

In this case, if you cannot get up immediately, take defensive posture, tucking up her legs and covering her head with her hands. Point your head in the direction of the crowd to avoid getting hit and try to get back to your feet.

In case of fire, you need to stay down to avoid smoke and breathe through a damp cloth.

2. Dog attack

Keep calm, try do not shout, do not look the dog in the eyes, do not show fear or anxiety. Once she is convinced of your safety, she may lose interest in you.

Don't let your dog get behind you. If she begins to circle around you, which is a sign of an impending attack, turn with her.

If you have any an object, for example an umbrella, place it in front of you to appear larger and better manage your space.

In all cases, remember that you need protect your face, chest and throat. Keep your hands in fists to protect your fingers.

3. Plane crash

First, before you board a plane, dress appropriately in case of an emergency. Jeans and long sleeves can protect you to some extent from burns and sharp objects.

Passengers in the rear of the plane are more likely to survive than those in the front. The most dangerous times are the first 3 minutes after takeoff and 8 minutes before landing. At this time, it is best not to take off your shoes, raise the table, and pay attention to the nearest exits. Keep your carry-on luggage under the seat in front to prevent your feet from hitting the seat. If a blow is unavoidable, take the correct position.

The first 90 seconds after a crash are important. During this time, you need to remain calm and get out of the plane as quickly as possible.

Natural hazards

4. Snow avalanche

Don't try to overtake her. The avalanche will be faster than you, even if you are on skis. You have a much better chance if you move horizontally rather than straight down.

If this is not possible, close your mouth and place your hands in front of your face to create an air pocket that you will need when the snow falls.

Don't try to scream, as this uses up the oxygen you need. Finally, you can urinate (seriously!) to make it easier for search dogs to find you.

5. Behavior during a thunderstorm

Try to find a low place and squat down. You need to be as low as possible, but so that your body touches the ground as little as possible.

Now cover your ears. If you actually find yourself in the middle of a thunderstorm, the thunder can damage your eardrums.

6. Tornado

The most important thing in this situation is to find shelter. If you can't find it, try to determine the direction of the tornado.

Get out of the car and run in the opposite direction. A tornado can move at speeds of up to 100 km per hour, so you should hurry. If all else fails, lie down on the ground, cover your head and hold on.

7. Big wave

The best thing to do is try to swim across the wave before it breaks. If this is not possible, you need stretch out your arms and legs to spread the impact and keep yourself from going deep into the water.

Do deep breath and wait until the excitement subsides. You will be thrown from side to side, but try to stay oriented and don't panic. Try to return to the surface as quickly as possible, breathe and try to reassess the situation, as you may get into it again.

8. Falling from a mountainside

Don't try to reach for any support, it won't help you. Tuck your chin to your chest and try to use your legs as brakes.

9. Jellyfish sting

Try to quickly get to the shore and sprinkle sand on the remains of the jellyfish's tentacles.

Once they are dry, use item, such as a credit card to clean them in one motion. Avoid rubbing the area as this may further release toxins into the skin.

The emergence of dangerous situations

10. You fell through the ice

Head out in the direction you came from, since you know the ice there could support you.

If there is no one nearby to help you, you will have to use your forearms to push yourself out. Place your arms wide apart on the edge of the ice floe and pull yourself up, pulling out your torso and legs in turn.

Don't stand on your feet, but crawl to the shore.

11. Lost in the forest: what to do

Use branches and leaves to help you retrace your steps. Climb to higher ground to see if you can get your bearings.

Now follow the descent until you find a river or other moving body of water. Follow in the direction of flow, this usually leads to a city or village.

If you don't find it, keep moving straight ahead and use the sun as your guide.

12. The car fell into the river

If you accidentally drive into a body of water, you have about 90 seconds before the cabin is completely flooded with water. Unfortunately, when the bottom edge of the door is immersed, it becomes impossible to open it, so you need to open the window and unfasten the seat belts. If you can't open the windows, try to kick them out.

13. Actions in case of fire

As a rule, it is not fire that kills people, but smoke. Need to be as low as possible, since heated gases rise upward.

Stay near the wall and follow it until you find the exit. Whatever you do, try not to inhale the gas. If you feel like you are losing consciousness, lie flat on the floor opposite the door. This will help firefighters find you more easily.

14. Leg cramp: what to do

Cramping in water can be very dangerous. The first thing to do is turn over and float on your back to prevent water from getting into your lungs. Then stretch the area where the cramp occurred, e.g. pulling your foot towards you, or wait until it passes.

15. Foot stuck in seaweed

If possible, float on your back, as you would with a cramp. If your head is underwater, try not to panic and conserve oxygen. Use your hand to push the seaweed down your leg until you are free.

Don't try to move actively, as this may make your situation worse.

16. What to do if you choked

If you are in a public place, it is better to stay there. In this case, you have a better chance that someone will come to your aid.

If no one is around, you will have to do Heimlich maneuver yourself. This means that you need to make a sharp blow to the stomach (between the navel and the costal arches) against a hard object, such as a chair. The goal is to compress the air in the diaphragm and force the object out of the throat.

17. Case of attack in the elevator

The worst thing you can do, and what the victim often instinctively does, is to move to the far wall of the elevator.

The best thing be in the corner near the door next to the elevator control panel. At least this way you have more control over the situation.

18. Falling from a height

No matter how hopeless this situation was, there were cases when people survived. There are several factors that increase your chances.

First, accept " bent position" (a well-known term in skydiving) Basically, you need to stretch out as far as possible to create resistance.

Secondly, plot the landing, avoiding the concrete surface (ideally land in the water). You can try moving to the right, for example, by lowering your right shoulder and vice versa.

Finally, relax, bend your knees, feet forward and try to roll. This will at least increase your chances of a happy ending.

Dangerous and emergency situations

19. Nuclear explosion

You can survive in this situation if you are outside the shock wave radius. Of course, if there are warning signs, you need to find shelter, preferably underground. If you are in the affected area, fall to the ground and cover your head, as soon as you see the explosion, as it may take up to 30 seconds for the shock wave to reach you.

Don't look at the flash, it will immediately blind you. If you have good cover, your best bet is to sit there and wait for rescue.

20. Shooting at school and other premises

American studies of school shootings have shown that there are 4 factors that increase your chances of survival. No matter how trivial it may sound, the first thing you need to do is run away (preferably in a zigzag).

However, this is not always possible. The second is barricade the door. If you create an obstacle, the armed person will most likely not waste his time on it. However, if he does decide to sneak in, it's best to play dead. To do this, you need to remain calm and control your breathing. And fourth, if all else fails, use adrenaline to your advantage and try to fight back.

21. You were taken hostage

If you plan to escape, you need to do it quickly. The first few minutes are important. There may be other people around, but you should be careful. If the chances are low, you can complicate your situation, in which case it is better to behave according to the rules.

Watch everything that happens and try to understand why you were kidnapped. Perhaps this will help you find out what the kidnappers are planning to do.

Although many hostages survive, it may take several years before rescue comes. Whatever happens, do not lose hope and weigh the risks and benefits of trying to escape.

22. Crossfire

The first and most obvious thing is to try to escape. If this is not possible and there is no shelter nearby, lie down flat on the ground with your hands behind your head (at least this is better than standing with your hands above your head).

Try to assess the situation and slowly crawl to a safe place.

23. Buried alive in a coffin

As incredible as it may sound, such cases have already happened. The first and most important thing is to stop panicking, cover your face with clothes, because there is dirty work ahead.

Stretch your arms and legs up and use your legs (which are stronger) to push. Pray that the coffin will be wooden. In this case, you need make a hole.

As soon as this happens, the earth will begin to fall on you (that's why you need to pull the clothes over your head), and you need to push it with your feet to the other end of the coffin.

Provided that you are not very deep, it is time to dig your way to the surface.

A little over a century ago, only 5% of the world's population lived in cities and only 2% lived in cities with a population of more than 100 thousand inhabitants. Today, a third of the planet's inhabitants are city dwellers. In our country, the ever-increasing urban population is projected to account for 70-75% of the total by the year 2000. There are so many interesting things you can find in the city: theaters, a museum, beautiful houses, a zoo. It would seem that what could be dangerous here? After all, this is not the taiga, where endless spaces lie in wait for a person. And yet, in the city you can encounter many dangers. Are city residents and you, our reader, ready for this?

To assess the ability to overcome difficulties, let us compare a hunter from the Siberian taiga, a native from a distant settlement and a modern city dweller.

Firstly, every native and every hunter knows how to make fire, make a trap, build a hut, help a wounded person... a villager can do almost everything for himself and knows how to do it.

A city dweller, on the other hand, is most often a specialist in a narrow field of knowledge and skills. It is no coincidence that during the war, residents of forest villages, and especially hunters, became the best snipers and scouts.

Secondly, in rural areas, most people know each other well and know the birds in the surrounding forests. The appearance of a stranger will be immediately noticed, and for local residents this is a signal for increased caution. Therefore, it is difficult for a hostile stranger to get close to a forest settlement unnoticed. Yes, it is difficult for a crooked native to carry out his intentions, since everything is in plain sight.

A city dweller, unfortunately, does not always know even his closest neighbors. When you meet a stranger on the street, you never know whether he is a good person or a bad one. In addition, in a city, a person can change his social (public) role many times during the day. He can be a driver and a passenger, a pedestrian and a client, a boss and a subordinate. A person driving a car is often aggressive towards everyone crossing the road. They sincerely believe that all traffic problems are related to the failure of pedestrians to comply. But as soon as this person leaves the car, that is, becomes a pedestrian, he begins to blame the drivers for all troubles.

Another example. A man walks calmly down the street. He fulfills the social role of a respectable man. This man is decently dressed, sober, does not show aggressive intentions and does not seem to represent anyone to others. But then the man approached the bus stop, and the role of a passer-by was replaced by the role of a passenger, regardless of whether he had already entered the bus or not. Where has the solidity gone?! As a passenger, he immediately began fighting for a seat on the bus. Using brute force, the man pushes other passengers aside. Approaching his stop, such a person will move towards the exit of the bus, completely disregarding the other passengers, perceiving them as ordinary obstacles that need to be overcome. They say about these: they go like a tank. The main thing is not to get in the way. You need to be constantly prepared for such changes in people.

The behavior of the same city dweller differs sharply in the morning and evening hours. In the morning, rushing to work, he is focused on achieving his own goal, self-absorbed and inattentive to others. In the evening – often irritated and aggressive. The specificity of the city is long distances, overcoming which tires a person. Excessive noise and large crowds of people also cause fatigue. People often experience stress. All this makes his behavior unpredictable and dangerous. Therefore, you should not rely on the fact that everyone around you is human. Knowing and performing in public places. Unfortunately, you should always expect the worst.

What kind of transport do peasants, hunters or Indians have? Legs and a horse. You can't get far with this transport, but there are few problems with it. And in big cities, the streets have long turned into roads for cars that threaten pedestrians. Every now and then traffic jams arise, in which you can lose not only time, but also health.

Evening classes, visiting friends, theaters, and concerts force city residents to return home at dangerously late times.

In cities there are many factories, factories with hazardous production, polluting the environment with waste, complex underground communications, in which all kinds of accidents cannot be ruled out. House collapses may occur due to damaged underground communications.

Of course, in a village or town there are no such problems. But there are also difficulties for which not every person is adapted, for example, having to get up in the dark for morning milking, flesh and watering the garden until you sweat.

In the city, natural bad weather and natural disasters are more difficult to endure. So, for example, earthquakes or floods in urban areas - with large crowds of people and fairly close buildings - are much more dangerous than in rural areas.

In the twentieth century, cities grew with incredible speed and urban populations increased, it is even sometimes called the century of urbanization (Fig. 1).

The city has a lot of entertainment, a lot of interesting things. There is a theater, cinema, zoo, playgrounds and much more. But at the same time, the city is also fraught with many dangers. Let's think about which ones. It may seem that in the city it is much safer than, for example, in the desert, where a person risks dying from thirst, hunger or poisonous snakes.

But the city is fraught with many dangers. Compared to rural areas, it provides certain advantages, but also has disadvantages.

If you compare life in a village and in a city, you can notice many differences. For example, thanks to physical labor, rural residents are stronger; less influence of polluting factors ensures them good health. Typically, rural residents are able to provide themselves with food more easily because they grow their own vegetables; they can warm themselves by collecting brushwood in the nearest forest; if necessary, build a temporary shelter. In the case of deprivation of some of the benefits of civilization, such as gas, electricity, running water, it is easier for rural residents to cope than for people in the city (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Village residents are less attached to communications ()

In a healthy body healthy mind

Rural residents are usually in better physical shape than city residents. This can be explained by the fact that in the city most people are engaged in mental work, and schoolchildren do not want to attend physical education classes.

But you must understand that sports are not only good for your health, but can also save your life someday.

For example, Denis from Arkhangelsk never thought that his athletics training would be useful to him in everyday life (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Playing sports will never be superfluous ()

Returning home late, the guy passed by a tipsy group. The young people began to behave aggressively towards Denis and already wanted to rob the schoolboy, but thanks to his dexterity, he wriggled out of their hands and was able to escape. His pursuers were less physically prepared, so the guy remained unharmed.

Boys often think that running away is a shame, but don’t forget that the best fight is the one that doesn’t take place. Especially if there are many more attackers.

City dwellers do not possess many useful skills that villagers possess, because they are simply not needed in the city. City residents have everything at their fingertips: gas is supplied directly to the stoves; in order to get water, just open the tap; Any food can be bought at the nearest supermarket.

There are a lot of people in the city, but not many of them know each other; often even neighbors don’t know each other. In the village, everyone knows each other, they know who is the antisocial element. If any danger appears, everyone instantly knows about it, and the same applies to new people.

Life in the city is much more dynamic. Many people have to commute an hour or two to work, which requires using public transport or a personal vehicle. This often causes stress and fatigue in people; they have to return from work in the same way, which only increases stress and negatively affects a person’s behavior (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Clashes between drivers lead to stress ()

Road and danger

You all know that the greatest danger on the road is faulty vehicles and careless drivers. You are told from a very early age that it is dangerous to play next to the roadway, that you need to look left and right before crossing the road.

In addition to dangerous cars, there are other dangers on the road. The road is very dangerous in winter: due to snowfalls, visibility may deteriorate. Ice, which is a common occurrence on our roads, is dangerous for injuries (Fig. 5). Therefore, both pedestrians and drivers need to be extremely careful on the roads in winter.

Rice. 5. Ice is dangerous for injuries ()

Open sewer manholes and potholes on the road are also dangerous on the road (you may not notice it due to bad weather and injure your leg, or your parents may drive into a pothole and damage their cars or even get hurt themselves). Tram tracks running along roads are dangerous, as you can trip over them and get hurt.

A rural resident works most of the time near his home, so he does not experience the inconveniences that exist in the city. Also, life in the village is more predictable, and therefore calmer.

The entertainment that abounds in the city takes place in the evening, so people have to return home late, which increases the risk of encountering criminal elements.

The health of citizens is threatened by many plants and factories located in cities. Natural disasters can easily deprive city residents of communications, the absence of which greatly complicates life. And accidents at various utility enterprises threaten the life and health of city residents (Fig. 6). Hail, rain, ice, and blizzards increase the number of road accidents.

Rice. 6. Factory emissions are harmful to health ()

Many of the problems described are less relevant for rural residents, because they are less connected to communications. However, the villages have their own problems. Much more often, villages suffer from natural phenomena. For example, floods, storms, and heavy hail can deprive an entire village of crops (Fig. 7). In emergency situations, it is more difficult for rescuers to provide assistance to victims.

Rice. 7. Consequences of bad weather for cereals ()

Powerful disasters can wipe out an entire settlement from the face of the earth. Although particularly dangerous disasters, such as earthquakes or floods, can cause enormous damage to a city, which is especially vulnerable due to population density and dense buildings.

By comparing the features of life in the city and in the countryside, we can identify the main dangers of the city and their causes:

The presence of many communications and the possibility of accidents on them;

People with evil intentions and antisocial elements;

Abundance of transport and its vulnerability in bad weather;

Pollution from factories, factories and transport;

The need to often be in crowded places.

To sum up the lesson, we can conclude that both city dwellers and villagers are affected by all types of unfavorable factors: man-made, natural and social. But rural residents are less vulnerable to man-made and social hazards.

Learn useful skills

We said that rural residents are more adapted to life in nature and have many useful skills. You can get them too.

You will be taught in the “Young Tourist” club to gain skills in lighting a fire in nature, learning how to set up an overnight stay in the forest, and recognizing edible and inedible mushrooms and plants. In addition, it is very interesting, because even traveling around your native land, you will discover a lot of new and interesting things.

The knowledge gained in life safety, biology, and natural science classes will also be useful.

Rice. 8. Film adaptation of the book “The Mysterious Island” ()

Remember the heroes of Jules Verne's adventure novels (Fig. 8), they survived thanks to knowledge and skills. The heroes of the novel “The Mysterious Island” greatly benefited from the extensive knowledge of one of the heroes in natural history. Thanks to the young naturalist, the heroes knew which plants were useful and which were poisonous, and knew which animals were best to hunt.

As they say, you can’t carry knowledge behind your shoulders, so try to learn as much as possible; knowledge and skills can be useful to you both in everyday life and in extreme situations.

abstract http://interneturok.ru/ru/school/obzh/5-klass

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In the last lesson, we talked about special services that protect the population and emergency warning signals, as well as how to respond to danger signals. Today we will talk about the dangers that await us close to our homes.

In the twentieth century, cities grew with incredible speed and urban populations increased, it is even sometimes called the century of urbanization (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Buenos Aires ()

But the city is fraught with many dangers. Compared to rural areas, it provides certain advantages, but also has disadvantages.

Rice. 2. Village residents are less attached to communications ()

In a healthy body healthy mind

But you must understand that sports are not only good for your health, but can also save your life someday.

For example, Denis from Arkhangelsk never thought that his athletics training would be useful to him in everyday life (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Playing sports will never be superfluous ()

Boys often think that running away is a shame, but don’t forget that the best fight is the one that doesn’t take place. Especially if there are many more attackers.

Rice. 4. Clashes between drivers lead to stress ()

Road and danger

Rice. 5. Ice is dangerous for injuries ()

A rural resident works most of the time near his home, so he does not experience the inconveniences that exist in the city. Also, life in the village is more predictable, and therefore calmer.

The entertainment that abounds in the city takes place in the evening, so people have to return home late, which increases the risk of encountering criminal elements.

Rice. 6. Factory emissions are harmful to health ()

Rice. 7. Consequences of bad weather for cereals ()

By comparing the features of life in the city and in the countryside, we can identify the main dangers of the city and their causes:

The presence of many communications and the possibility of accidents on them;

People with evil intentions and antisocial elements;

Abundance of transport and its vulnerability in bad weather;

Pollution from factories, factories and transport;

The need to often be in crowded places.

Learn useful skills

We said that rural residents are more adapted to life in nature and have many useful skills. You can get them too.

The knowledge gained in life safety, biology, and natural science classes will also be useful.

Rice. 8. Film adaptation of the book “The Mysterious Island” ()

As they say, you can’t carry knowledge behind your shoulders, so try to learn as much as possible; knowledge and skills can be useful to you both in everyday life and in extreme situations.

Bibliography

Fundamentals of life safety: 5th grade: textbook for educational institutions / M.P. Frolov [et al.], ed. Yu.L. Vorobyova. - Moscow: Astrel, 2013, 174 pp.: ill. Polyakov V.V., Kuznetsov M.I. and others, ed. Latchuka V.N. Fundamentals of life safety. 5th grade. - 2012, 160 p.
Smirnov A.T., Khrennikov B.O. Fundamentals of life safety. 5th grade. - 2012, 191 p.

vigivanie.com ().
Video.yandex.ua ().
Vetkaivi.ru ().

Homework

Answer the questions on page 25. Fundamentals of life safety: 5th grade: textbook for educational institutions / M.P. Frolov [et al.], ed. Yu.L. Vorobyova. - Moscow: Astrel, 2013, 174 pp.: ill.
Make a comparative table of life in a village and a city with all the pros and cons
* Describe an ideal city to live in.

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….3

Chapter 1. High danger zones…………………………………... 4

1.1 Street………………………………………………………………………………….. 4

1.2 Modern housing……………………………………………………... 4

1.3 Places where people gather………………………………………………………………... 5

1.4 Transport…………………………………………………………………….. 6

Chapter 2. Negative impact of the urban environment…………………. 7

2.1 Technogenic hazards……………………………………………...... 7

2.2 Environmental hazards…………………………………………………. 8

2.3 Social dangers………………………………………………………………...... 12

Chapter 3. Security system………………………… 14

Conclusion ………………………………………………………………........16

Bibliography ………………………………………………………...17

Introduction.

At the present stage of development, humanity faces acute problems of large cities.

The city, as an artificial habitat created by man, differs significantly from the natural environment. If in nature a person is faced with the influence of external natural conditions, then in society, the most complex phenomenon of which is the city, external influences come primarily from people or from circumstances caused by them.

The city includes components, which include natural components (terrain, climate, water, flora and fauna), an artificially created component - the technosphere (industrial enterprises, transport, residential buildings) and an essential part of the urban environment - the population.

Over the course of long historical development in cities, humans have developed a special habitat. In the process of life, a person is inextricably linked with the urban environment, forming an interacting system with it. This interaction gives both positive (comfort of life) and negative results. The negative result of human interaction with the city is determined by dangers - negative impacts that suddenly arise, periodically or constantly act in the “human - urban environment” system.

A positive result is determined by the fact that the city, as an artificial habitat created by man, allows people to depend less on extreme natural factors than before. The city provides ample opportunities to improve the comfort of living conditions and to develop the spiritual and creative activity of each person.

In connection with the special role of cities in the development of mankind, the question arises of how to maximize the positive and minimize the negative impacts of the city on people. Resolving this issue will be the goal of this work. To solve this issue, it is necessary to identify high-risk zones in the city, talk about the negative impacts of the urban environment on humans, their consequences and ways to combat them. And also indicate the services included in the city’s security system.

Chapter 1. High danger zones.

Knowing and taking into account high-risk areas allows you to predict the development of a possible extreme situation, provide appropriate rules of behavior and thereby ensure your safety.

1.1. Street

This danger zone includes non-residential buildings, courtyard nooks and crannies, deserted streets, vacant lots, and alleys.

Late at night, it is better to avoid such dangerous places: let the path lengthen, but the degree of danger will decrease. But if you had to walk down an alley, you need to stay close to the edge of the sidewalk and away from dark entrances where a suddenly appearing intruder could drag you. You should walk with confidence, holding an umbrella or lantern in your hands just in case.

When walking along the highway, you need to stay on the side where traffic is moving towards you - this way they won’t be able to drag you into a car that’s approaching from behind.

If possible, you should try to avoid contact with anyone. If there is a threat of attack, it is best to flee. If you are unable to escape, you must fight back using available means of self-defense. Having become a victim of a robber or rapist, you should try to remember his face, clothes and other signs and immediately report to the police.

Also, on the street, you should carefully look not only to the sides, but also to your feet. City roads and sidewalks can become slippery for a number of reasons and, as a result, a large number of injured people appear, especially the elderly.

1.2.Modern housing.

In the city, even the houses themselves are potentially dangerous, especially multi-storey ones, from the roofs of which icicles fall off in winter and spring, and various objects can fall out of windows and balconies.

The entrances and elevators of apartment buildings, where attacks most often occur, are also dangerous. To avoid becoming their victim, certain precautions should be taken:

You should not enter the entrance or elevator with strangers or suspicious people;

If you find yourself alone with a stranger in an elevator, you should immediately get out;

When attacked, you need to call for help, ring someone’s doorbell.

Modern home– the center of various networks of communal and individual household services. A modern, comfortable apartment has enclosed, branched electrical wiring throughout the premises, as well as networks of water supply, heating and sewerage pipes. for the disposal of various household wastes. Many kitchens are equipped with gas stoves, which are supplied with gas through pipelines. Under these conditions, a variety of extreme situations are possible. All pipelines in which, as a result of long-term operation and exposure to the environment, are susceptible to corrosion and wear out. Sometimes it is not at all necessary to be a specialist in order to deal with a particular situation and try to prevent serious consequences.

Flooding.

Each section of the pipeline has a central, intermediate and terminal valves (valves). If there is a water leak from the tap, it is necessary to turn off the intermediate tap, and in the event of a serious accident, close the central valve, which is usually located in the basement of the entrance, and the end and intermediate taps - in the apartment. The same should be done in the event of a heating system failure. All emergencies must be reported to the building management, specialists must be called and an attempt must be made to prevent severe flooding of the apartment, since flooding can lead to a short circuit in the electrical wiring, and this, in turn, can lead to electric shock to people and a fire in the house.

Fire.

It is easier to prevent this situation than to cope with its consequences. If a fire occurs, it is necessary to localize the source of the fire by preventing air from reaching the fire. If a fire occurs due to a short circuit in the electrical wiring, you should turn off the electrical distribution switch located on the landing of each floor, then, if possible, turn off the central switch of the entrance. Next, you need to call the fire brigade and begin to extinguish the fire using available means (water, sand, etc.). The main thing in this situation is to notify neighbors about the fire and save people caught in the fire.

Building destruction.

This extreme situation can occur as a result of an explosion or due to the destruction of building structures. In this situation, it is necessary to show determination, courage, and most importantly endurance, to properly organize the rescue of people, to prevent panic (people in a state of panic often throw themselves from the windows of the upper floors). When buildings are destroyed, flooding, fire, and electrical short circuits can occur. In any case, the most important thing in this situation is to organize the rescue of people, especially from the upper floors.

1.3. Crowded places.

Places where people gather, where it is easy for criminals to commit crimes and escape, are areas of increased danger. It can be train stations , parks , cinemas , places of various celebrations , underground passages, etc. .

At train stations, a criminal can hide, getting lost among people, taking any train. With their large crowds, train stations attract mainly thieves and scammers, “homeless people,” since among a large number of people there will always be simpletons who are easy to deceive. While at the station, you should follow the following rules of safe behavior:

Do not leave things unattended;

Do not trust your belongings and luggage to strangers;

Do not exchange large bills for smaller ones unless absolutely necessary;

To avoid becoming a victim of deception, you should not play various lotteries, “thimbles”, or take part in draws and sweepstakes. After standing for a few minutes and taking a closer look at who is constantly playing and winning, you can personally verify that they are the same people.

Parks- favorite gathering places for young people, teenagers, various companies, places for drinking alcohol, and a person in a state of intoxication loses control over himself, attracts robbers and criminals of all stripes. It is easy for a criminal to hide in the park, so you should not go into secluded, remote places, you should stay close to people.

City markets They are also high-risk areas. These are possible places where thieves, robbers, and scammers gather. Here it is also easy for a criminal to hide, getting lost in the crowd.

At night, it is better to avoid dangerous places: the path will be longer, but the degree of danger will be reduced. If possible, you should try to avoid contact with anyone. If there is a threat of attack, it is best to flee. If this is not possible, then you must use all available means of self-defense. Having become a victim of a robber or rapist, you should try to remember his faces, clothes and other signs and immediately report to the police.

1.4.Transport.

All people, regardless of age and status, use different types of vehicles. But not everyone thinks about the fact that modern transport is a high-risk zone. A feature of modern transport is its high energy saturation. The most energy-intensive types of vehicles are trams, trolleybuses, metro and railway transport.

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