Do you agree with the critic's opinion: "Be that as it may, Bazarov is still defeated?" Justify your position
When I started reading Fathers and Sons, I never expected that it would make such a strong impression on me. The novel touched me to the core. I fully agree with Pisarev, who stated that the novel is also remarkable because it “stirs the mind, leads to thought ...” He, no doubt, will be remembered for a lifetime. And now I have before my eyes a drawing from the cover of the book, which depicts the dying Bazarov, and next to him is Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. The old parents, who bowed in inconsolable grief over the grave of their son, also remained in my memory.
“...for a long time and carefully they look at the dumb stone, under which their son lies; they exchange a short word, they brush off the dust from the stone and straighten the tree branch, and they pray again, and they cannot leave this place, from where they seem to be closer to their son, to the memories of him ... Are their prayers, their tears fruitless? Isn’t love, holy, devoted love, all-powerful?” While reading these lines, I had the feeling that I had lost a loved one, tears involuntarily welled up in my eyes.
The novel is interesting and clearly written, and, as one said foreign writer, clarity - the courtesy of the writer. In Fathers and Sons, Turgenev selected the most significant events and moments in Bazarov's life. Before I met Odintsova, I did not like Bazarov, I did not understand him. He seemed unnatural to me, aroused a feeling of hostility. His judgments are cynical, insincere in conversations with Odintsova, with Arkady. In the further narration, Bazarov seems more natural. He fell in love with Anna Sergeevna strongly and passionately. This deep feeling cannot but arouse admiration.
When Bazarov leaves Odintsova for his parents, realizing the impossibility of happiness with her, I feel sorry for him. But the strength of his character is respected. In the parting scene before leaving Nikolskoye, Evgeny behaves courageously, does not want to be pitied. When he dies saying goodbye to Anna Sergeevna, he is both poetic and romantic, and also humanly great.
When reading the novel, one gets the impression that everything really happened, as if I was a participant in the disputes between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, attended the ball where Bazarov first saw Odintsova, parted with devoted friend, and the words “we say goodbye forever” cut me to the heart. It was very sad and hard to read the chapters that described the illness and death of Bazarov. Even this great artist words like A.P. Chekhov, was shocked at how this scene was written: “Bazarov’s illness was made so strong that I weakened, and there was a feeling as if I had become infected from him. And the end of Bazarov? What about old people? It’s the devil knows how it’s done, it’s just brilliant.”
Modern, in my opinion, is the very conflict between “fathers” and “children”, this always happens when the old generation is replaced by a new one. Time is running, life, situation, environment, people change, the causes of the conflict also change. The problem of fathers and children" - eternal problem life, and therefore art. It has become especially acute in our time, and the book "Fathers and Sons" left in my reader biography deep trace, and I agree with the critic N.N. Strakhov, who claimed that I.S. Turgenev is "an admirer of eternal truth, eternal beauty, he had the proud goal of pointing to the eternal in the temporal and wrote a novel ... everlasting."
Perhaps that is why the novel is so close to us, modern readers.
I read a novel where the main thing actor- You. And if
I had the opportunity to share my experience with you
about you, then I will give you my opinion.
First of all, I want to convince you that at your death (I have
referring to the death of a literary hero) I do not believe. Even your author, Mr.
Turgenev, wrote after the completion of the novel that "such as Bazarov,
don't die."
And what is, in fact, you - Evgeny Bazarov?
You could without a doubt be called Eugene Onegin
(of course, not according to position in the world, not according to the way of life - here between
you have a big difference, but in character traits). A. S. Pushkin is very
aptly in a few lines managed to reveal his hero, all nature
Onegin:
A small scientist, but a pedant,
He had a lucky talent
No compulsion to speak
Touch everything lightly
With a learned look of a connoisseur,
To remain silent in an important dispute ...
I anticipate your outrage. After all, you are so proud and proud
his "origin from the people", and I compared you with a nobleman.
But I do not impose on you the aristocracy of Onegin,
but only I assume in you some of its other features.
The definition of a pedant to you, a careless, cheeky young
a man in the style of "neglije" probably does not fit. And all the rest
listed traits, I believe you have. After all, you are outside
doubts, smart and erudite. I hope you don't
to challenge what gives you pleasure "with the learned air of a connoisseur
to remain silent in an important dispute, ”only occasionally inserting laconic
phrases, weighty and well-aimed.
And here is how the author, Turgenev, says the same thing: “They usually
a dispute would break out, and Arkady usually remained defeated,
although he spoke more than his friend. It speaks of your
undoubted talents of a debater and orator.
And here are Onegin's character traits, which are quite inherent
To you:
Not being able to high passion
For the sounds of life do not spare,
He could not iambic from a chorea,
As we did not fight, to distinguish.
Branil Homer, Theocritus;
But read Adam Smith
And there was a deep economy ...
Of course, you are not fond of the economy, you naturally
deny (because you do not realize its usefulness), but you understand
the benefits of natural sciences, medicine, so they fall into the field
your interests.
As for the "high passions", you really
you don't have in life. In literature, you, with your permission, are few
understand, and learn to distinguish iambic from chorea You, a nihilist, do not
fit, "Where are you before these abstractions"? And you, of course
they would also scold Homer, Theocritus, if they knew who they were. But
here you, Evgeny Vasilyevich, made a mistake.
As a smart and consistent person, you would have to guess
that you can't deny what you don't know. Of course, verbally
You can deny everything, but no more. Here is Arkady, having heard your
reckless: “Pushkin must be in military service served,"
immediately objected to you that he "had never been a military man."
Of course, one can scold Pushkin too, and deny poetry in general,
but it's easy to blame. For such a negation, a negation of the formal,
you don't need a big mind, you just need to have a rich imagination
and some boastfulness in character. And people brag
when they want to maintain their authority. In other words,
this, in my opinion, is a manifestation of pride, overt or covert.
Excuse me, Mr. Bazarov, but if there is a frank
conversation, I confess, I do not like your manners. getting dressed
You are in some kind of hoodie, this is your own business. But maybe you
by this you demonstrate your disregard not so much for your external
mind, but to others? After all, in conversation you are just as careless
- you do not pronounce your remarks, but, it seems, you accidentally drop them;
You are so cheeky, so indifferently indulgent in actions,
in relationships with people that the impression is formed
not at all in your favor - you give the impression of being ignorant.
I don't like you with your phlegmatic restraint in conversation.
In this "small manifestation of feelings and emotions" of yours, I find contempt
You "everyone and everything", and you do not even try to hide
their relationship to the interlocutor.
They say about you in the district that you are the enemy of all outpourings; many
condemn you for such firmness of character, and I, along with everyone else, see
it is a sign of pride and insensibility. But at least how would you
were able to explain such an act of yours: on June 22 you suddenly remember
that today is your name day, that they are waiting for you at home, but you are not going to
father and mother, and in Nikolskoye to Odintsova. I have never seen
in you manifestations of affection, gratitude to at least someone.
Such an attitude towards people, in my opinion, is called selfishness.
If we talk about your views, philosophy - nihilism,
then all this seems to me unnatural and least of all reasonable. But
is it possible to deny all that humanity in its long history
development has already taken into its consciousness unconditionally - beauty,
art, love? And you propose to destroy all this as unnecessary
and futility.
And yet you, Yevgeny Vasilievich, have become interesting and sympathetic to me.
My attitude towards you changed after I realized
that you are able to love sincerely, recklessly. Your love
to Odintsova changed you in many ways, your outlook on life, your
attitude towards people.
I feel sorry for you, Bazarov, deeply sorry. I'm sorry your life was cut short
so sudden and stupid. It is a pity that your mind, outstanding, not-
unfolded, did not have time to reach its full development. It's a pity
your life, labor, honest, but aimless.
It seems to me that it is very interesting - to write a letter to Bazarov - literary hero novel by I. S. Turgenev, presenting him as a living person with whom one can argue. To be honest, I liked Evgeny Vasilyevich both as the hero of the novel and as a person. First of all, the fact that he, like any extraordinary personality, is ambiguous.
Could become an ideal for many generations of people, because you are a person of deep mind and strong will. I know that you lived and grew up in conditions significantly different from those in which the nobles grew up. And therefore, it is not surprising that everything speaks about your democratic origin: your appearance, manners, speech. It might annoy some people, but simple people, such as Fenichka, the maid Dunyasha, the servant Peter or the yard boys who run after you like “little dogs”, are glad to see you and respect you for your diligence and simplicity, and therefore they say about you: “Your brother, not a master.”
I like that
You have a broad outlook and express a critical attitude towards the world. You are a medical student from St. Petersburg, a future doctor studying natural sciences. But, apparently, the range of your interests is not limited to this, since it is not difficult for you to express your opinion on philosophy, politics, science, art and at the same time show off your knowledge of Latin and show the power of a logical mind. All this, I believe, elevates you above other people with whom you have to communicate.
I really like how independently and clearly you defend your point of view, prove your case, do not bow to authorities, do not depend on anyone, criticize all the statements of others. I confess that I largely agree with you. But there are things about which your ideas, it seems to me, are erroneous. For example, you consider yourself a nihilist, that is, a free-thinking person who denies old traditions, customs, and the ideology of serfdom. But you went further: you have a sharply negative, skeptical attitude towards your contemporaries and modernity. You are trying to destroy everything that was created before you, to destroy existing world, while not allowing even the thought of who will build your "ideal" world. But, as you know, "to destroy - not to build", the first is always easier. Why do you choose the easier way? After all, you - with your industriousness and unquenchable thirst for knowledge - could also carry a heavier "burden".
You're just arguing, leading verbal battles. And as far as I can tell, in every argument you win. What's next? Don't you think, Yevgeny Vasilievich, that you are arguing with the wrong people? Is it worth arguing with a person of other views if he will never change them? Perhaps you think that truth is born in a dispute. But I am of a different opinion: The best way to win such a dispute is to evade it. You're only making enemies, even among friends. You sharply, sometimes even rudely, criticize what you do not like. And don't think about the person it concerns at all. Eugene, I agree that directness and sincerity - good qualities, but have you thought about the fact that Arkady, for example, is unpleasant and painful to listen to your statements about him and his family. Are you offending your friend by doing so?
And yet, Eugene, let me disagree with your attitude to art, nature, love. They are not as useless as you think. After all, without the colors and brushes of the artist, without the solemn or sad sounds of music, without the inspirational poems of the poet, life would be boring, emotionally poor, and a person would be like a walking scheme. I also cannot agree with you that "nature is not a temple", but only a "workshop". Of course, a person must cognize nature, and in this sense he is a “worker”, but at the same time, a person, mastering nature, must treat it carefully and reverently so as not to destroy the God-given beauty of the earth. I am also surprised that in your heart for a long time there was no place for love and you did not believe in this mysterious feeling full of secrets and surprises. You thought that "all this is romanticism, nonsense, rottenness, art." But I know that your own life refuted these beliefs and you fell in love with Madame Odintsova, although for a long time you did not want to admit it even to yourself. And you not only honor your parents, but also love them, no matter how hard you try to hide it. You are trying to live only with the mind, rationally, pragmatically solving all problems. But I think that your human nature is more complicated than you think about yourself. And a person, including you, would not be a person if he was deprived of emotions, feelings of love, friendship, attachments.
Of course, I have no right to judge you, and I do not want to do this. After all ideal people in the world is not. But, perhaps, my reflections will seem to you not without interest. Anticipating your imminent death, you asked yourself if Russia needed you. I think yes, they are needed. No matter how Ivan Sergeevich treats you, with sympathy or indignation, he would not write about you if he considered you and your generation, people of your views, useless for Russia. Turgenev, however, does not see your future, but this is because he himself belongs to the generation of "fathers" in spirit.
Let me end here. With respect from the generation of children of the new century - Sergey Krutolobov
In my opinion, Bazarov - positive hero novel. Turgenev sincerely wanted to understand and truthfully show the features of a new person, to get used to his image. "Bazarov is my favorite brainchild, on which I spent all the paints at my disposal," wrote Turgenev. I am impressed in Bazarov by his critical attitude towards the noble intelligentsia, his mind and scientific thinking, his desire for practical activities, his honesty and truthfulness.
Bazarov is a representative of the diverse democratic youth. He is close to me in that he is an independent nature, not bowing to any authorities, everything is subjected to the judgment of thought.
Under his denial, Bazarov brings theoretical basis. He explains the imperfection of society and social diseases to the characters of society itself. “We know approximately why bodily illnesses occur, and moral illnesses come from bad education, from all sorts of trifles with which people’s heads are stuffed from childhood, from an ugly state-society, in a word,” says Bazarov, “correct society, and there will be no diseases” . This is exactly what the Russian democrats-enlighteners of the 1960s argued. years of the XIX century, but their enlightenment, in contrast to the enlightenment of the nobility of the 30-40s, was revolutionary: they not only explained the world, they sought to radically change it.
Bazarov is not satisfied with small improvements in life, partial corrections of it, he is not a liberal reformer, he demands the destruction and replacement of the very foundations of contemporary society. Bazarov's irreconcilable denial of the entire feudal past undoubtedly reflected the revolutionary aspirations of progressive democratic youth.
The ironic phrase about the peasants who give laws indicates that Bazarov, like his author, looks with great doubt at the community and the collectivist moods of the peasantry. In business social progress Turgenev's hero counted more on people of the spirit, on people like himself, individualistically minded intellectuals, and not on the strength and mind of the masses.
Bazarov himself quite definitely points out the connection of his denial with popular sentiments: “You condemn my direction, and who told you that it was not caused by the very popular spirit in whose name you advocate,” he says to Pavel Petrovich. In the social content of Bazarov as a type, in the foundations of the worldview, in the mindset and character of the Turgenev hero, the traits and appearance of all the progressive democratic youth of the 60s were embodied.
Emphasizing Bazarov's skeptical attitude to art, to poetry, Turgenev revealed feature, which he observed in some representatives of the democratic youth. Sensitive to all aspirations younger generation, Turgenev depicted in Bazarov the type young man who believes exclusively in science and is contemptuous of art and religion. The fact that Bazarov, feeling in himself a plebeian hatred of everything noble, extended it to all poets who came out of the noble environment, is truthfully shown in the novel.
The image of the protagonist is close to me in that Eugene is very ambiguous and interesting person. Turgenev shows here not a contradiction between word and deed, which is not characteristic of Bazarov, but simply the victory of life over certain preconceived notions. Turgenev, for whom true love has always been a high criterion, seeks not to humiliate Bazarov, but, on the contrary, to elevate him, to show that in these seemingly dry and callous nihilists lies much more powerful force feelings than, for example, in Arcadia, whose love Bazarov defined briefly and precisely: "blancmange". But in the fate of an advanced raznochintsy-democrat, love rarely played such an all-determining and all the more "fatal" role as it played in the life of the aristocrat Pavel Petrovich, and it is no coincidence that in "Fathers and Sons" Turgenev assigns love story secondary place.
It seems to me that Bazarov is not a hero of his time, which is why his fate is so sad. I agree that Bazarov stood on the eve of the future, but death befell him because Turgenev himself did not know where his hero could go, since he did not directly connect him with the revolutionary democratic movement of the 60s.
According to the memoirs of a relative of the writer N. A. Ostrovskaya, to the remark that he did not know what to do with Bazarov, and therefore killed him, Turgenev said: “Yes, I really didn’t know what to do with him. I felt then that something new was born; I saw new people, but I could not imagine how they would act, what would come of them, I could not. I had to either be completely silent, or write what I know. I chose the latter. "
Turgenev managed to capture in the hero of his novel many of the features that further development in subsequent generations. Thanks to this, the novel "Fathers and Sons" is perceived not as a historical relic, but as a work that always lives on. new life, worries, wakes up controversy. Even now, at the beginning of the third millennium, the image of Bazarov attracts with his harsh, albeit somewhat gloomy, honesty, his impeccable directness, desire for action, aversion to phrase-mongering and idle talk, to any lie and falsehood, indomitable temperament of a fighter. These features of Bazarov are close to me and, I am sure, to many representatives of today's youth.
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1 slide
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“If the reader does not love Bazarov with all his rudeness, heartlessness, ruthless dryness and harshness, if he does not love him ... I am to blame and did not achieve my goal.” I.S. Turgenev.
2 slide
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I.S. Turgenev: “The main figure, Bazarov, was based on one personality of a young provincial doctor that struck me (he died shortly before 1860). In that wonderful person embodied ... that barely born, still wandering beginning, which later received the name of nihilism. The impression made on me by this person was very strong and at the same time not entirely clear: I ... listened intently and looked at everything that surrounded me ... I was embarrassed by the following fact: in not a single work of our literature did I even meet a hint what I imagined everywhere…”
3 slide
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The main characters of the novel. Evgeny Vasilievich Bazarov. The image of the hero shook the imagination of the entire reading public. In Russian literature, for the first time, a raznochinets democrat was depicted - a man great strength will and strong convictions.
4 slide
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Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. Widower, lives on a small estate and has 200 souls. In his youth, he was predicted to have a military career, but a small leg injury prevented him. He studied at the university, got married and began to live in the countryside. 10 years after the birth of his son, his wife dies, and Nikolai Petrovich goes headlong into the household and raising his son. When Arkady grew up, his father sent him to St. Petersburg to study.
5 slide
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Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov was a military man. Women adored him, and men envied him. At 28, his career was just beginning and he could go far. But Kirsanov fell in love with one princess. She had no children, but had an old husband. She led the life of a windy coquette, but Pavel fell deeply in love and could not live without her. After parting, he suffered greatly, left the service and traveled all over the world for her for 4 years. Returning to his homeland, he tried to lead the same way of life as before, but, having learned about the death of his beloved, he left for the village to his brother, who at that time became a widower.
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Mr. Bazarov, in fact, what is it? - asked Pavel Petrovich with an arrangement. - What is Bazarov? Arkady chuckled. - Do you want, uncle, I'll tell you what he actually is? - Do me a favor, nephew. - He's a nihilist. - How? asked Nikolai Petrovich, while Pavel Petrovich raised the knife with a piece of butter at the end of the blade into the air and remained motionless. "He's a nihilist," repeated Arkady. "Nihilist," said Nikolai Petrovich. - It's from the Latin nihil, nothing, as far as I can tell; therefore, this word means a person who ... who does not recognize anything? “Say: one who respects nothing,” Pavel Petrovich picked it up and again set to work on the butter.
7 slide
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What does Bazarov deny? Bazarov denies: - in "the present time" the autocratic-feudal system and religion; - art for impracticality; - aristocracy (as the right of the group); - idle talk, inaction of the liberals; - marriage (as a legal relationship); - romance of feelings (including love); - nature; - abstract theoretical science
8 slide
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I don't agree with you, Evgeny Vasilievich! “A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet” “Raphael is not worth a penny” “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it” Yevgeny Bazarov
9 slide
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“... We say goodbye forever... you were not created for our bitter, tart, bean life. You have neither impudence nor anger, but there is young courage ... "
10 slide
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Bazarov is a nihilist. But not the same as Sitnikov and Kukshina, who classify themselves as nihilists, for whom denial is just a mask that allows them to hide their inner vulgarity and inconsistency. Unlike them, Bazarov does not make faces; with all the ardor of a spiritually rich and addicted nature, he defends views close to him. His main goal is "work for the benefit of society", his task is "to live for the great goal of renewing the world."
11 slide
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Evgeny Bazarov - central character novel "Fathers and Sons", and all the "formal" elements of the work are aimed at revealing his character. During his "wanderings" Bazarov visits the same places twice. Thus, we first get to know the hero, and then we become a witness of how, under the influence of circumstances (a duel with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, a quarrel with Arkady, love for Anna Sergeevna Odintsova), his views and beliefs change.
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Anna Sergeevna Odintsova is a smart and unusual opponent for Bazarov. Bazarov appreciated the intelligence and strength of character of this woman. But her goal is comfort and peace, which Bazarov can easily destroy. In relations with Anna Sergeevna, the ability to love is revealed in Bazarov. The hero shows the integrity of his nature, willpower and self-esteem.
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Bazarov's parents. Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov is a tall "thin man with tousled hair." He is a raznochinets, the son of a sexton, who became a doctor. For the fight against the plague epidemic, he was awarded the Order. He is trying to keep up with the times, to get closer to the younger generation. Arina Vlasyevna is a “round old woman” with “chubby hands”. She is sensitive and pious, believes in omens. The author draws her image: "a real Russian noblewoman of the past", who should have lived "for two hundred years." The arrival of the dear "Enyusha" excited her, filled her whole being with love and worries.
14 slide
Description of the slide:“If the reader does not love Bazarov with all his rudeness, heartlessness, ruthless dryness and harshness, if he does not love him ... I am to blame and did not achieve my goal.” “I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, large figure, half grown out of the soil, strong, vicious, honest - and yet doomed to death - because it still stands on the eve of the future.” I.S. Turgenev.
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There is a small rural cemetery in one of the remote corners of Russia. Like almost all our cemeteries, it shows a sad look: the ditches surrounding it have long been overgrown; the gray wooden crosses are drooping and rotting under their once-painted roofs; the stone slabs are all shifted, as if someone is pushing them from below; two or three plucked trees barely give a meager shade; sheep roam freely over the graves... But among them there is one that a man does not touch, that an animal does not trample on: only birds sit on it and sing at dawn. An iron fence surrounds it; two young Christmas trees are planted at both ends: Yevgeny Bazarov is buried in this grave. To her, from a nearby village, two already decrepit old men often come - a husband and wife. Supporting each other, they walk with a heavy gait; they will approach the fence, fall down and kneel, and weep long and bitterly, and look long and attentively at the mute stone, under which their son lies; they will exchange a short word, they will brush off the dust from the stone and straighten the branch of the tree, and they pray again, and they cannot leave this place, from where they seem to be closer to their son, to the memories of him ... Are their prayers, their tears fruitless? Isn't love, holy, devoted love, all-powerful? Oh no! No matter how passionate, sinful, rebellious the heart is hidden in the grave, the flowers growing on it serenely look at us with their innocent eyes: they tell us not only about eternal calmness, about that great calmness of "indifferent" nature; they also speak of eternal reconciliation and endless life...
