Articulation gymnastics exercises for children and adults.

"Happy tongue"

Development of articulatory motor skills

The correct pronunciation of sounds is ensured due to the good mobility of the organs of articulation, which include the tongue, lips, lower jaw, and soft palate. The accuracy, strength and differentiation of the movements of these organs develop in the child gradually, in the process speech activity. In a child with a general underdevelopment of speech due to underdevelopment or brain damage, the mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus is impaired.

Work on the development of the mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus takes place in the following areas:

· carrying out a differentiated massage of the facial and articulatory muscles;

· carrying out work to combat salinity;

· performing articulatory gymnastics.

Articulation gymnastics

Work on the development of the main movements of the organs of the articulation apparatus is carried out in the form of articulation gymnastics. The goal of articulatory gymnastics is to develop full-fledged movements and certain positions of the organs of the articulatory apparatus necessary for the correct pronunciation of sounds.

It is necessary to carry out articulation gymnastics daily so that the skills developed in children are consolidated.

When selecting exercises for articulation gymnastics, one must follow a certain sequence, go from simple exercises to more complex ones. It is better to spend them emotionally, in a playful way.

Of the two or three exercises performed, only one can be new, the second and third are given for repetition and consolidation. If the child performs some exercise not well enough, new exercises should not be introduced, it is better to work out the old material. To consolidate it, you can come up with new game techniques.

The articulatory gymnast is performed while sitting, since in this position the child has a straight back, the body is not tense, the arms and legs are in a calm position.

The child must see the adult's face well, as well as his own face, in order to independently control the correctness of the exercises. Therefore, a child and an adult should be in front of a wall mirror during articulation gymnastics. Also, the child can use a small hand mirror (approximately 9x12 cm), but then the adult should be in front of the child facing him.

The work is organized as follows:

1. An adult talks about the upcoming exercise using game techniques.

2. Shows its implementation.

3. The child does the exercise, and the adult controls the execution.

An adult conducting articulatory gymnastics should monitor the quality of the movements performed by the child: accuracy of movement, smoothness, pace of execution, stability, transition from one movement to another. It is also important to ensure that the movements of each organ of articulation are performed symmetrically in relation to the right and left sides of the face. Otherwise, articulatory gymnastics does not achieve its goal.

In the process of doing gymnastics, it is important to remember to create a positive emotional mood The child has. You can not tell him that he is doing the exercise incorrectly - this can lead to a refusal to perform the movement. Better show the child his achievements (“You see, the tongue has already learned to be wide”), cheer (“Nothing, your tongue will definitely learn to rise upwards”). If the child has salivation during the exercises, then the following exercises are recommended before articulation gymnastics:

1. The child is explained the need to swallow saliva.

2. Carrying out a massage of the masticatory muscles that interfere with the swallowing of saliva.

3. Calling passively and actively chewing movements, ask the child to tilt his head back, so there is an involuntary desire to swallow saliva; can be supported by a request.

4. The child is invited to chew solid food in front of the mirror (cookies are possible), this stimulates the movements of the masticatory muscles and leads to the need to make swallowing movements, it can be reinforced with a request (thus, involuntary movements turn into arbitrary ones).

5. Arbitrary closing of the mouth due to passive-active movements of the lower jaws. At first passively: one hand of the speech therapist is under the child's chin, the other is on his head, by pressing and bringing the child's jaws closer together - the "flattening" movement. Then this movement is done with the help of the hands of the child himself, then actively without the help of hands, with the help of a count, a command.

Articulation gymnastics for the development of lip mobility

Work on the development of lip mobility begins with preparatory exercises:

· make the child laugh (involuntary stretching of the lips);

· smear lips with sweet (“licking” - raising the tip of the tongue up or down);

· bring a long lollipop to your mouth (pulling the child's lips forward).

After evoking involuntary movements, they are fixed in an arbitrary plan, in active gymnastics. At first, the movements will not be performed in full, not in the exact volume, then they are fixed in special exercises for the lips (“smile, “proboscis”, alternating them).

The following exercises are introduced:

1."Naughty lips."Biting and scratching first the upper and then the lower lip with the teeth.

2. "Smile- tubule.Pull your lips forward with a tube, then stretch your lips into a smile.

3.«Proboscis".Move the lips stretched out with a tube to the right and left, rotate in a circle.

4."Rybka »:

· clap your lips against each other (a dull sound is pronounced);

· squeeze the upper lip by the nasolabial fold with the thumb and forefinger of one hand and the lower lip with two fingers of the other hand and stretch them up and down;

· pull the cheeks inward strongly, and then sharply open the mouth. It is necessary to ensure that when performing this exercise, the characteristic sound of a “kiss” is heard.

5."Duck.Pull out the lips, squeeze them so that the thumbs are under the lower lip, and all the rest on the upper lip, and pull the lips forward as much as possible, massaging them and trying to portray the beak of a duck.

6 ."Disgruntled horse."The flow of exhaled air is easily and actively sent to the lips until they begin to vibrate. The sound is similar to the snorting of a horse.

7. "The lion cub is angry."Raise the upper lip so that the upper teeth are visible. Lower the lower lip, exposing the lower teeth.

8."Sponges are hidden.The mouth is wide open, the lips are retracted into the mouth, tightly pressed against the teeth.

9."Balloon"(if the lips are very weak). Strongly inflate your cheeks, holding the air in your mouth with all your might.

10. "Strong Sponges":

· hold a pencil, a plastic tube with your lips. Draw a circle (square) with a pencil;

· hold a gauze napkin with your lips - an adult tries to pull it out.

Articulation gymnastics for lips and cheeks

1."Cheeks are cold."Biting, patting and rubbing the cheeks.

2.«Fatty."Inflate both cheeks, then inflate the cheeks alternately.

3. "Skinny". Pull in your cheeks.

4."Fists.The mouth is closed. To beat with a fist on inflated cheeks, as a result of which the air comes out with force and noise.

Articulation gymnastics for tongue muscles

Work on the development of the mobility of the tongue begins with general movements, with a gradual transition to more subtle, differentiated movements. In case of severe dysarthria, the following exercises are recommended for articulatory gymnastics:

· placing the tip of the tongue against the inner surface of the lower incisors;

· stretching the tongue forward and retracting it back;

· stimulation of the muscles of the root of the tongue. First, arbitrarily, by reflex contractions, as a result of irritation of the root of the tongue with a spatula. Then the movements are fixed in unconditioned reflexes, and then in arbitrary "cough" movements.

Next, subtle, differentiated movements of the tongue are performed. For this purpose, movements are purposefully selected, aimed at developing the desired articulation mode, taking into account the normal articulation of the sound and the nature of the defect. Articulation gymnastics is best done in the form of games that are selected taking into account the age of the child, the nature and degree of organic damage. The following exercises are recommended:

1."Pancake.The mouth is open, lips are in a smile, a wide tongue is kept in the oral cavity in a relaxed, calm state, counting up to 5-10. Make sure that the tongue does not narrow, and the tip touches the lower teeth.

2. "Spatula".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile, put the tip of the tongue on the lower lip with a “shovel”, the lateral edges of the tongue touch the corners of the mouth. In a calm, relaxed state, hold the tongue counting up to 5-10. Make sure that the lower lip does not tuck, the wide tip of the tongue lies on the lip, without going beyond it. If the tongue cannot be made wide, you can slap it with your lips, pronouncing pya-pya-pya, or sing the sound [and].

3. "We will punish the tongue."Lips in a smile, biting lightly, massage the entire surface of the tongue with your teeth, slowly protruding and pulling it into your mouth. Then scratch your tongue with your teeth.

4. "Needle".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile, stick out the tongue outward with a “needle”, reach for the finger, pencil, candy that is moved away from the tongue. Make sure that the lips and jaws are motionless.

5. "Swing".The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile, move the tongue to the corners of the mouth to the right and left. Make sure that the jaw and lips are motionless, the tongue does not slide along the lower lip.

6. "Delicious jam"Mouth open, lips in a smile. Lick the tip of the tongue on the upper lip from one corner of the mouth to the other. Make sure that the tongue reaches the corners of the mouth, the movement is smooth, without jumps, the jaw does not move. Also lick your bottom lip. Then lick your lips in a circle.

7.«Let's brush our teeth-1.The mouth is closed. Lick your teeth under the lower, then under the upper lip. Make sure that the jaw and lips do not move.

8."Let's brush our teeth-2.The mouth is closed. Lick the teeth under the lips in a circular motion of the tongue. Do the same with your mouth open.

9. The mouth is open, the lips are in a smile. Smoothly run your tongue along the upper teeth, touching each tooth, counting them. Make sure that the jaw does not move. The same movement - on the lower teeth.

10. The mouth is closed. The tense tip of the tongue rests on one or the other cheek. The same, but the mouth is open.

eleven."Let's brush our teeth-3.The mouth is closed. The tip of the tongue rests on the cheek and makes the tongue move up and down. Make sure that the jaw does not move.

12."Beans".With a paretic, sluggish tongue, move beans, peas, etc. in the mouth.

13."Swing".Mouth open, lips in a smile. Raise a wide tongue to the nose and lower to the chin. Make sure that the lips do not stretch over the teeth, the jaw does not move, the tongue does not narrow.

14."Swing-1".Mouth open, lips in a smile. Raise a wide tongue to the upper and lower to the lower teeth. Make sure that the lips do not stretch over the teeth, the jaw does not move, the tongue does not narrow.

15."Swing-2".Mouth open, lips in a smile. Put the wide tip of the tongue on the alveoli behind the lower teeth from the inside, then lift it onto the tubercles behind the upper teeth, also from the inside. Make sure that only the tongue works, and the lower jaw and lips remain motionless.

16."Focus".Mouth open, lips in a smile. Stick out the tongue with a "cup", "ladle". Blow off the cotton wool from the tip of the nose, the air comes out in the middle of the tongue, the cotton wool flies straight up. Make sure that the lower jaw is motionless, and the lower lip does not stretch over the lower teeth.

17. "Drummer".Mouth open, lips in a smile. The lateral edges of the tongue rest against the lateral upper teeth. Repeatedly drum with a tense wide tip of the tongue on the upper gum:d-d-d,gradually picking up the pace. Make sure that the lower jaw does not move, the lips remain in a smile, the sound has the character of a clear blow, so that the exhaled stream of air is clearly felt.

18. "Rain".The same, but pronounce dy-dy-dy. As in exercise 17, only the tongue works. For control, you can bring a strip of paper to your mouth. If done correctly, it will deviate.

19."Turkey".Mouth open, lips in a smile. Put a wide tongue on the upper lip and move it back and forth, trying not to tear the tongue from the lip, as if stroking it. The tempo accelerates gradually, the sound of the voice is added until sounds similar tobl-bl(turkey talking). Make sure that the tongue is wide, it should lick the upper lip. The lower jaw does not move.

20. "Horse-1".Mouth open, lips in a smile. Press the wide tip of the tongue against the palate behind the upper teeth and tear off with a click (click the tip of the tongue). The pace is gradually picking up. Make sure that the lips smile, the lower jaw does not move.

21 ."Horse-2".The same, but silently.

22. "Coil".Mouth open, lips in a smile. The wide tip of the tongue rests against the lower gum, the back of the tongue arches. Make sure that the tongue does not narrow, the tip of the tongue remains at the lower teeth and is not pulled back, the jaw and lips are motionless.

23.Glue candy-1.Suction of the back of the tongue to the palate, first with closed jaws, and then with open ones. If suction fails, then sticky candy can be put on the back of the tongue - the child tries, pressing the back of the tongue against the palate, to suck the candy.

24.Glue candy-2.Mouth open, lips in a smile. Suck a wide tongue to the hard palate, hold it counting up to 10, then tear it off with a click. Make sure that the lips and lower jaw do not move, the lateral edges of the tongue are equally tightly pressed (not a single half should sag). When repeating the exercise, open your mouth wider.

25.Harmonic".Suction the back of the tongue with the entire plane to the hard palate. Without releasing the tongue, close and open the mouth, stretching the hyoid frenulum. When repeating the exercise, you should try to open your mouth wider and longer and keep your tongue in the upper position. Make sure that when opening the mouth, the lips are motionless, one of the sides of the tongue does not sag.

26 .Teaser.The tip of the tongue protrudes outward and moves between the lips, first vertically and then horizontally, while tension is felt in the frenulum of the tongue. When the voice is turned on, a sound similar to a child's "teasing" is obtained.

27. "Breeze".Mouth open, lips in a smile. Put the wide front edge of the tongue on the lower lip and, as if pronouncing the sound [f] for a long time, blow off the cotton wool to the opposite edge of the table

Articulation gymnastics for the lower jaw

A necessary condition for clear speech is the ability to open the mouth correctly. This is due to the work of the lower jaw.

A set of exercises for the development of the muscles of the lower jaw:

1. "Cowardly chick."Open and close your mouth wide so that the corners of your lips stretch. The jaw drops to about two finger widths. The "chick" tongue sits in the nest and does not protrude. The exercise is performed rhythmically.

2. "Sharks". On the count of "one" the jaw drops, on "two" - the jaw moves to the right (mouth is open), on the count of "three" - the jaw is lowered into place, on "four" - the jaw moves to the left, on "five" - ​​the jaw is lowered, on "six" - the jaw moves forward, "seven" - the chin is in the usual comfortable position, the lips are closed. You need to do the exercise slowly and carefully, avoiding sudden movements.

3. "Camel". Imitation of chewing with closed and open mouth.

4. "Monkey". The jaw goes down with the maximum extension of the tongue to the chin.

5. "Angry Lion" The jaw goes down with the maximum extension of the tongue to the chin and the mental pronunciation of the sounds [a] or [e] on a solid attack, more difficult - with a whisper pronunciation of these sounds.

6. "Strongman-1". The mouth is open. Imagine that a weight is hung on the chin, which must be lifted up, while raising the chin and tensing the muscles under it. Gradually close your mouth. Relax.

7. "Strongman-2". Put your hands on the table, put your palms on top of each other, rest your chin on your palms. Opening your mouth, press your chin on the resisting palms. Relax.

8. "Strongman-3". Lower the jaw down overcoming resistance (an adult holds a hand under the child's jaw).

9. "Strongman-4". Open the mouth with the head tilted back overcoming the resistance of the adult's hand lying on the back of the child's head.

10. "Teasers". Widely, often open your mouth and pronounce pa-pa-pa.

Articulation exercises for the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate

1."I want to sleep":

· yawn with open and closed mouth;

· yawn with a wide opening of the mouth, noisy inhalation of air.

2 ."Gorlyshkobolit":

· arbitrarily cough;

· cough well with your mouth wide open, clenching your fists with force;

· cough with tongue hanging out;

· imitate gargling with head thrown back;

· gargle with a heavy liquid (jelly, juice with pulp, kefir);

· swallow water in small portions(20-30 sips);

· swallow drops of water, juice.

3. "Ball". Inflate cheeks with pinched nose.

4. Slowly pronounce the sounds [k], [g], [t], [d].

5.Imitate:

moan;

mooing;

whistling.

6. "Strongman":

· tilt your head back to overcome resistance. An adult holds a hand on the back of the child's head;

· lower your head to overcome resistance. The adult holds his hand on the forehead of the child;

· throw back and lower the head with a strong pressure on the fists of both hands with the chin;

Games for the development of the articulatory apparatus and speech. Completed by: speech pathologist MADOU "Kindergarten" 64 "perm Sosnina Tatyana Pavlovna

• - these are exercises aimed at developing articulatory, facial, swallowing, chewing and other muscles involved in the process of speech, at improving the strength, mobility and coordination of movements of the speech organs: lips, soft palate, lower jaw and especially the tongue.

• the formation of the correct movements and the positions of the speech organs necessary for pronunciation, training the ability to coordinate, change them, combine individual simple moves into complex, depending on the pronunciation of a particular sound.

• The child is invited to roll the dice and perform an articulation exercise.

• The child is invited to collect a picture and perform an articulation exercise.

Game "Goal"

• Make an arch (gate) on the table.

Put cotton balls in front of the child, offer to "blow" them into the gate. The game contributes to the development of the articulatory apparatus.

• Ask the child to be the wind and blow on them. " Strong wind! The wind is quiet. Weak wind. And now a hurricane! The game contributes to the development of the air stream.

• Put a piece of cotton wool on the child's palm, ask the child to imagine that it is a snowflake, ask him to blow it off. To complicate the task, put a few pieces of cotton wool, scraps of paper, a small button, etc. The game contributes to the development of the articulatory apparatus, imagination.

Municipal government preschool educational institution kindergarten general developmental type No. 1

"Preparation and development

articulation apparatus in children

junior preschool age V

at home"

Prepared by: Senior teacher Chernykh T.A.

Timely mastery of correct, clean speech is of great importance.

importance for the formation of a full-fledged personality. Man with well

Developed speech easily enters into communication, he can clearly express his

thoughts and desires, ask questions, negotiate with partners about

collaborative activities and lead a team. Conversely, slurred speech

It makes relationships with others very difficult and often imposes

heavy imprint on a person's character. Correct, well-developed speech

is one of the indicators of a child's readiness for successful learning in

School. Speech deficiencies can lead to academic failure, give rise to

child's lack of self-confidence. So learn to take care

correct speech is needed as soon as possible. Unfortunately, the number of children with

speech defects, including those with impaired sound pronunciation, year from

year is not decreasing, but growing.

Speech is not an innate ability, it develops gradually, and

its development depends on many factors. One of the conditions for normal

the formation of sound pronunciation is a full-fledged work

articulation apparatus. There is an opinion that the child himself arbitrarily,

without the help of adults, masters the correct pronunciation. This is a big

a bug that is the reason that the development of the sound side

speech occurs by itself, without due attention from adults -

parents and caregivers, and therefore a significant number of preschool children

age has flaws in pronunciation.

If adults do not interfere in the process of the formation of children's speech, then

The child is almost always retarded in development. Defects

sound pronunciations that arose and consolidated in childhood are overcome

with great difficulty and can persist for life. compensate

defect can only be qualified assistance.

Raising pure speech in children is a serious task not only for a speech therapist,

but also for parents and caregivers. And they must know the special

speech therapy (articulation) gymnastics, get acquainted with the methodology

its implementation, exercise - to strengthen muscles, development

full-fledged movements, for certain positions of the articulatory

apparatus aimed at developing the correct sound pronunciation.

The role of gymnastics in the education of the correct sound pronunciation.

Speech sounds are formed as a result of the complex movement of articulatory

organs - throw. If there is no kinema, then its formation is necessary

work out.

Already from infancy, the child makes a lot of different

articulatory-mimic movements of the tongue, lips, jaw. These

movements are the first stage in the development of a child's speech; they are playing

the role of gymnastics of the organs of speech in the natural conditions of life. Accuracy,

the strength and differentiation of these movements develop in the child

gradually. For clear articulation, strong, elastic and mobile

organs of speech - tongue, lips, soft palate. Articulation is related to work

numerous muscles, including chewing, swallowing,

breathing (trachea, larynx, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm, intercostal muscles).

Thus, special speech therapy gymnastics includes

control of numerous organs and muscles of the face, mouth, neck,

shoulder girdle and chest.

Articulation gymnastics is a set of special

exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles of the articulatory

apparatus. To choose the right exercises for articulation

gymnastics, you need to know what movements are characteristic of various organs

articulation apparatus. The most mobile organ is the tongue.

It consists of the root of the tongue, which is attached to the hyoid bone, and

back, which distinguish between the back, middle and front parts,

ending with the tip of the tongue, as well as the lateral edges of the anterior and middle

parts. The anterior part of the tongue and its tip are the most mobile. Tip of the tongue

can rise by the upper teeth (t, d, n), descend by the lower ones (s, s, c),

cling to the alveoli (h), tremble under the pressure of exhaled air (n).

The front part without the participation of the tip of the tongue can rise to the alveoli and

form a gap with them (s, z, c), rise and form a gap with

alveoli (w, w, u).

The middle part of the tongue is the least mobile and without advancement of the anterior or

back of the tongue, it can only rise to the hard palate (th,

soft consonants).

The back of the tongue can rise and close with the sky (k, d) or

form a gap with it (x).

The lateral edges of the tongue can be pressed against the inside of the molars.

teeth and do not let a jet of air through to the side (s, s, c, u, w, g, r) or skip (l).

The mobility of the lips also plays a role in the formation of sounds. They can

stretch into a tube (y), round (o), expose teeth (s, h, and), slightly

move forward (w, w, h). The most mobile lower lip: it can

merge with the top (p, b, m), form a gap with it (c, f).

The lower jaw can rise and fall, changing the opening of the mouth, which

especially important for the pronunciation of vowel sounds.

The soft palate can also rise and fall. When it's down

a stream of exhaled air goes into the nose (nasal sounds m, n). When raised -

oral sounds are formed (all but the above mentioned). Target

articulatory gymnastics - the development of full-fledged movements and

certain positions of the organs of the articulatory apparatus, the ability

combine simple movements into complex ones. It is the basis for

formation of sounds and correction of violation of sound pronunciation of any

etiology and pathogenesis.

Guidelines for conducting AG.

Scheme of classes: first, rough movements of the exercised are performed

organs, then - the transition to more differentiated movements in the same

areas. Inhibition of incorrect movements is achieved by using

visual control (mirror!).

It is necessary to exercise only movements that need correction. For each

child, a set of exercises is compiled individually, taking into account

specific sound disturbance.

When carrying out corrective work, it is necessary to develop accuracy,

purity, smoothness, strength, pace, stability of the transition from one movement to

to another. The accuracy of the movement of the speech organ is determined by a specific

result. Smoothness and ease of movement involves movement without

jolts, twitches, tremors of the organ, caused by excessive

muscle tension. In addition, there should be no concomitant or

accessory movements in other organs.

Tempo is the speed of movement. First, it is given by a speech therapist or

teacher by tapping or counting with gradual acceleration.

After working out, the pace should become arbitrary.

The transition (switching) to another movement or position must

be carried out smoothly and quickly.

After the child has learned to perform the movements, the mirror is removed;

control shifts to one's own kinesthetic sensations. WITH

with the help of questions from an adult, the child tells what makes him

articulatory organs when pronouncing the practiced sound.

Each exercise is given a name in accordance with the performed

action (“Swing”) and a picture is selected that serves as a model for

imitate an object or its movement.

The exercise must be performed together with the child, which requires

adult ability to feel well their articulatory organs and

make the right movements with them without visual control.

If the child does not get any movement, you need to use

mechanical assistance (probes, show.) Consolidation of any skill

requires systematic repetition, so it is necessary to conduct AG

Daily 2-3 times a day. Exercise should not bring the body to

overwork, the first sign of which is a decrease in the quality

movement. Therefore, this exercise should be temporarily stopped.

The dosage of the number of repetitions of the same exercise should

be strictly individual both for each child and for this

period of work with him. In the first lessons, you have to limit

sometimes only by doing the exercise twice due to increased

exhaustion of the exercised muscle. Later on, you can bring

the number of repetitions is up to 15-20, and subject to a short break - and

more.

Of the three exercises performed, only one should be new, and two

others are repeated and reinforced. If any exercise

are not performed well enough, a new exercise is not introduced at all,

and the old material is being worked out using new game

tricks.

Articulation gymnastics is usually performed while sitting: the back is straight, the body

not tense, arms and legs in a calm state. Children must always

see the face and lips of an adult.

The work is organized as follows:

1. An adult talks about the upcoming exercise using game

tricks.

2. An adult shows the exercise.

3. The exercise is performed by each child in turn, an adult monitors

correct execution.

4. The exercise is performed by all children at the same time.

Not all children acquire motor skills at the same time, therefore

needed individual approach- with such children are carried out

additional classes.

Performing AH exercises requires a large amount of energy from the child.

cost and patience. Consolidation of any skill requires systematic

repetitions. Therefore, AG should not be boring and not according to a template.

It is necessary to involve the child in an active process, creating an appropriate

emotional mood, arouse keen interest, positive attitude

to classes, the desire to do the exercises correctly. For colorful

The design of the game-lesson uses pictures, toys, fabulous

characters, poetry. In addition, there must be an element

competitions, there should be rewards for the successful completion of the exercise

(AG complex).

| |
Difficult vowels: e; e; yu; i | e; y; e; s; a; o; e; i; and; yu |
Statement of consonant sounds and letters: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Difficult consonants: b;p | w;w | h;s | g;k | s;c | w;f | r;l | p;l | r;p;l | s;s;ts | h;zh;sh;shch;ts;x |

Some speech therapy problems can only be eliminated with the help of a speech therapist. It is better to study often and in short portions than to arrange long lessons, but with long breaks. Here on the site () you will find exercises for setting all the sounds of the Russian alphabet, and also teach your child to read. On individual lessons with a speech therapist, work is underway to develop articulatory motor skills, The work of a speech therapist must be comprehensive and systematic. Speech therapy children need purposeful systematic care. The implementation of the recommendations of the speech therapy section of the site will allow you to get a positive trend in the development and correction of children's speech. and subgroup speech therapy classes, children with similar speech disorders are united. On this site you will find special cards for classes.

The development of the articulatory apparatus of children

Plays an important role in the child's mastery of speech. The articulatory apparatus develops when the child eats solid food (for example, an apple), sucks. For his training, you can use the game:

Bubble. Blow bubbles with your child.

Birdies. Cut out a bird and tie a thread 15-20 cm long to its back. "Look, this is a bird. I'll blow it, it will fly. Like this. Fly bird." Blow. Invite your child to do the same. Similarly, you can make a flying plane.

Show tongue. When the child eats some colorful food (jam, cottage cheese), invite him to look in the mirror. Show how far you can stick your tongue out.

Articulation gymnastics and correct pronunciation of sounds

The importance of articulatory gymnastics for children cannot be overestimated. It is similar to morning exercises: it increases blood circulation, develops the flexibility of the organs of the speech apparatus, and strengthens the muscles of the face. Also, articulatory gymnastics is very important for children with a correct, but sluggish pronunciation of sounds, i.e. those who have "porridge in their mouths."

Articulation gymnastics for preschoolers is best done in a playful way. For this, small poetic forms are well suited. Articulatory gymnastics in verse is not only an increase in the child's interest in a particular exercise, but also a countdown of the exercise time and determining the rhythm of performing dynamic exercises.

In this article, I presented exercises and poems for them, which I directly use in my work.

Causes of speech problems

• rickets
• injury
• frequent somatic diseases
• organic lesion of the articulatory apparatus in its peripheral part (thick, inactive lips, big tongue, short bridle, malocclusion, sparse or missing teeth, high or low palate)
• unfavorable speech environment

Concomitant conditions: increased excitability, lethargy of the muscles of the articulatory apparatus, physical weakness of the child.

Active games with a child and the development of the speech apparatus

Speak your actions while playing. Encourage your child to use the names of the items as well as the actions to be taken. "Our Masha wants to eat. Let's cook dinner for her. What will she eat? Probably pasta. Let's take a pot. Pour water. What will we pour? Put it ... Where will we put it? On the stove. The water will boil. We will salt it. What will we do? and .etc.

Muscles and sound reproduction

In addition to the mobility of the organs of articulation, kinesthetic (muscular) sensations are very important. The kinesthetic sense accompanies the work of all speech muscles. Thus, various differentiated muscle sensations arise in the oral cavity, depending on the degree of muscle tension during the movement of the tongue, lips, and lower jaw. The directions of these movements and various articulation patterns (positions of the tongue) are felt when pronouncing certain sounds.

Susanna Polyakova
Consultation for parents "Development of the articulatory apparatus in children"

Advice for parents

« DEVELOPMENT OF ARTICULATION IN CHILDREN»

Speech therapist of the highest category MBDOU No. 2 "Okay"

Polyakova S. S.

In order to form the correct sound pronunciation children, necessary develop articulatory apparatus.

articulatory apparatus consists of three main departments: oral, nasal and voice-forming. All of them are parts of the respiratory system. And for speech, abdominal breathing is necessary. Breathing in the upper chest always makes it difficult to speak.

We correctly pronounce various sounds due to good organ mobility articulation, which include the tongue (1, lips (2, lower jaw (3, soft palate (4), small tongue (5, teeth (6, their bases (7, hard palate (8, alveoli) (9) (cusps behind upper teeth) (Fig. 1).

Accuracy, strength and differentiation of movements of these organs develop in a child gradually, in the process of speech activity. Great importance V the development of articulation organs is played by articulation gymnastics.

It should be noted that before starting classes, introduce the child to those speech organs that are in the mouth. Examine them with him in front of a mirror, and for clarity, let him feel them with his finger. (especially those that are hard to see).

articulatory gymnastics are special exercises for mobility development, dexterity of the tongue, lips, cheeks, frenulum.

Target articulatory gymnastics - the development of full-fledged movements and certain positions of organs articulation apparatus necessary for the correct pronunciation of sounds.

Conduct articulatory gymnastics is needed daily to produce children motor skills were fixed, became more durable. It is better to do it 3-4 times a day for 3-5 minutes. Do not offer children more than 2-3 exercises at a time. articulatory gymnastics is performed while sitting, since in this position the child has a straight back, the body is not tense, the arms and legs are in a calm position.

The child must see the adult's face well, as well as his own face, in order to independently control the correctness of the exercises. Therefore, the child and adult during the articulatory gymnastics should be in front of a wall mirror. Also, the child can use a small hand mirror (approximately 9-12 cm, but then the adult should be opposite the child facing him.

Articulatory gymnastics will help to gain purposefulness of tongue movements, develop full-fledged movements and certain positions of organs articulation apparatus. It is better to spend them emotionally, in a playful way.

If the child performs some exercise not well enough, new exercises should not be introduced, it is better to work out the old material. To consolidate it, you can come up with new game techniques.

In progress articulatory gymnastics, it is important to remember to create a positive emotional state in the child. You can not tell him that he is doing the exercise incorrectly, this can lead to refusal, to perform the movement. Better show the child his achievements ( “You see, the language has already learned to be wide”, cheer ( “Nothing, your tongue will definitely learn to rise up”). An adult who deals with a child must independently familiarize himself and learn a set of universal exercises for the lips and tongue. When performing exercises, you can use toys for which the tongue shows exercises, and various fairy tales about tongue.

Speech therapist distributes parents hand mirrors and offers to get acquainted with the complex of universal exercises for the lips and tongue with the help of "Tales of the Merry Tongue".

TALE ABOUT THE Merry LANGUAGE

The Tongue lived in the world. He had his own house in the world. The house was called a mouth. The house opened and closed. Look how the house closed. (An adult slowly and clearly closes and opens his teeth.)

Teeth! The lower teeth are the porch and the upper teeth are the door. Tongue lived in his house and often looked out into the street. He opens the door, leans out of it and again hides in the house. Look! (An adult shows a wide tongue several times and hides it.) The language was very curious. He wanted to know everything. He sees how the kitten laps milk, and thinks: "Give me a try". He sticks out his wide tail on the porch and hides it again. Slowly at first, then faster. Just like a kitten does. Can you do that? Come on, try it! He also loved to sing songs. He was cheerful. What he sees and hears on the street, he sings about. Hear the children scream "ah-ah-ah", open the door wide, wide and will sing: "A-a-a". Hear the horse neigh "i-i-i", a narrow crack in the door will make and will sing: "I-i-i". Hear the train hum "u-u-u", make a round hole in the door and will sing: "U-u-u". So at the Tongue imperceptibly and the day will pass. The Tongue gets tired, closes the door and goes to sleep. Here is the end of the story.

Classes for development of mobility of articulatory motility in children may be purely imitative. Give your child some "monkey": You you will show movements with lips, tongue, and he will repeat after you.

To form the correct pronunciation, it is also necessary breath development. There is speech breathing, which is formed in the process of human speech. Well-placed speech breathing provides clear diction and a clear pronunciation of sounds. Preferably before each complex articulatory gymnastics perform 1-2 exercises. All these exercises will help you achieve a smooth exit and master hard-to-pronounce sounds faster.

It is important to observe the parameters of speech breathing:

Exhalation is preceded by a strong inhalation through the nose - "gaining a full chest of air";

Exhalation occurs smoothly, not in jerks;

During exhalation, the lips are folded into a tube, one should not compress the lips, puff out the cheeks;

During exhalation, air exits through the mouth, air should not be allowed to exit through the nose (if the child exhales through the nose, invite him to cover his nostrils with his hand so that he feels how the air should exit through the mouth);

Exhale should be until the air runs out;

While singing or talking, you can not get air with the help of frequent short breaths.

To development speech breathing of the child was interesting and exciting, you can invite him to blow on a turntable, inflate soap bubbles, balloons, blow on multi-colored ribbons, cotton balls, on paper boats floating on water, blow leaves or snowflakes from the palm of your hand.

3-5 repetitions are enough. Repeated performance of such exercises can lead to dizziness.

Without a voice, there is no sound. Necessary develop the child's vocal apparatus. good helper in this matter, phonetic rhythm can become - a combination of breath, sound and movement. For example, you can do the following exercises.

Exercise number 1.

"ah-ah-ah." "draw" circle around the waist. Pronouncing the sound [a] stimulates the lungs, trachea and larynx.

Exercise number 2.

The starting position is arbitrary. The arms are stretched forward in front of the chest. The fingers are clenched into fists. index fingers directed upward. Inhale deeply and exhale loudly and drawl out the sound "i-i-i.". Pull as long as possible. At the same time, slowly raise your hands up.

Pronunciation of a sound "And" cleanses the vessels of the brain, ears, eyes, improves hearing and stimulates the thyroid gland.

Exercise number 3.

The starting position is arbitrary. Hands pressed to the chest. The fingers are clenched into fists. Index fingers point up. Inhale deeply and exhale loudly and drawl out the sound "uuuuu.". Pull as long as possible. At the same time, slowly stretch your hands forward.

Pronouncing the sound [y] enhances the function of the respiratory and speech centers of the brain, helps prevent muscle weakness and diseases of the hearing organs.

Exercise number 4.

The starting position is arbitrary. The arms are stretched forward in front of the chest. Inhale deeply and exhale loudly and drawl out the sound "ooo.". Pull as long as possible. Hands at the same time "draw" a circle that closes above the head.

Pronouncing the sound [o] stimulates working capacity, helps prevent vegetative-vascular dystonia, as well as diseases of the central nervous system associated with dizziness and gait disturbances.

Exercise number 5.

The starting position is arbitrary. Hands touch the shoulders. Elbows are down. Inhale deeply and exhale loudly and drawl out the sound "s-s-s.". Pull as long as possible. At the same time, connect your elbows and bring your shoulders closer to each other.

Pronouncing the sound [s] has a positive effect on the overall tone organism: relieves fatigue, increases efficiency. Daily exercise for development of the articulatory apparatus will help to form the correct, clear pronunciation in the child.