Iso 4 cl village wooden world. Lesson with a presentation on the theme "Village-wooden world"

Where does the homeland begin?

That's right, that is, from a small homeland.

Thin birches, Russian huts and gardens, surrounded by a simple wattle fence - all this is so close and dear. This is all small homeland, which N.M. Romadin tells about with love in the picture-landscape "The Village of Khmelevka".

Nikolai Mikhailovich Romadin was born in 1903 in the family of a railway worker. From the age of eleven he began to earn money himself and help big family. He studied and worked at the same time. As a young man, he volunteered for the Red Army. Romadin received art education in Moscow at the Higher Artistic and Technical Workshops. He painted a lot of landscape paintings. All of them speak of the artist's deep love for Russian nature with its wide expanses, deep rivers, hills and forests.

Consider the landscape "The Village of Khmelevka" by N.M. Romadin. (slide 3)

What feelings does this picture give you?

Where is Khmelyovka located?

What season is shown in the picture? Can we say that these are the golden days of autumn? Why?

Compare the color of the autumn forest with the color of the water, the coast and the sky. What mood is expressed in this picture?

Why did the color of the far bank of the river change?

Can we say that the landscape is illuminated by the sun? Why?

How is the image of Russian nature and the Russian village connected?

What is your overall impression of the picture?

Artistic language painting "Village Khmelyovka" is very expressive. On the banks of the Volga, the village of Khmelevka is picturesquely spread out, freely located among the wide Russian expanses. The blue-gray huts, roofed somewhere with hemp, somewhere with straw, beams scattered along the slopes, leave the impression of some lonely and tender bitterness.

Inexpressible, blue, tender...

My land is quiet after storms, after thunderstorms.

And my soul is a boundless field -

Breathes the scent of honey and roses.

This street is familiar to me

And this low house is familiar.

wire blue straw

Dropped under the window.

I love this wooden house

Formidable power glimmered in the logs,

Our stove is somehow wild and strange

Howled on a rainy night.

And now that behold the new light

And touched mine fate life,

I still remain a poet

Golden log cabin.

S. Yesenin

The center of the village has always been the church (temple), and in the village - respectively, the chapel. Even if the trading square became the center of a large village,

then the church was always built on the edge of the market. (slide 4)

Let's listen to a poem

about the temple prepared by the students of our class.

TENT TEMPLE

Crowning the picturesque peak,

Rising up holy island,

Nikolsky Skete, like a giant,

Frozen in the blue sky.

The tent temple stands so lonely!

Sparkles with a golden dome in the darkness

At the entrance to the deep Ladoga bay

Shows off in the foggy silence.

Sacred corner of earthly paradise,

Where are the age-old pines to the skies,

And the waves splash, washing the rocks,

At the pier there is a bow cross.

Moss spreads in wide carpets,

Harmony is present in everything

Sometimes you don't feel the ground with your feet

For a while, you forget about the past.

The soul will find complete freedom here,

Gaining faith and peace

And, inspired by the wondrous nature,

Take a piece of happiness with you!

N. V. Votintseva

Lesson summary on fine arts

Teacher: Gorshkova V.V.

Lesson topic: Village - wooden world.

Goals:

- introduce teachingwith wooden architecture;

- consider diversityie rural wooden buildings;

- phoreinforce constructive skill;

Strengthen interdisciplinary connections;

- developcreative abilities of students;

- cultivate interest in folk art.

Equipment:

materials: simple pencil, colored pencils, eraser.

visibility: sample drawing, pictures.

During the classes:

I Organizing time.

- Hello guys. Today I will give you a lesson in fine arts, my name is VictoriaVladimirovna, sit down

Check if everything is on your desks. You should have simple and colored pencils, an eraser.

Today we will go many years back, and where, you will find out by reading the rebus. (Village)

Where do you think this word comes from?

Let's go together with you to the Russian village and turn into masters. So, everyone is ready. Take your jobs and go.

II Introduction to a new topic.

1. Introductory conversation.

A long time ago, when Russia was called Rus, there was no big cities, no modern stone buildings. There were only fields, but dense dark forests. From time immemorial, Russia has been a forest country.

Our land is rich in forests,

And the forest in it is both slender and even.

Once the walls and Kremlin towers,

And they were collected from logs.

Wood was the most accessible material for creating household items. And, of course, Russian craftsmen built their own dwellings from wood.

What was the name of this dwelling? (hut)

What was the meaning of this word in antiquity?

(In ancient times, this word sounded like “fire”, “firebox”, that is, a dwelling that was heated from the inside and served as a reliable shelter from the cold.)

Guess the riddle and you will find out which tree was used to build it.

I have longer needles than a Christmas tree.

I am growing very evenly.

If I'm not at the edge,

Branches only at the top.

What tree did you guess? (Pine)

Pine was the main building material.

What part of the tree was used in the construction? (Trunk)

Various building materials were made from the trunks: beams, boards, logs.

Men cut logs from logs,

Only one assistant-axe.

But the ancient huts are still strong,

And the pattern on the shutters is thin.

What tool was needed in the construction of wood? (Axe)

What is the name of the profession of a person who builds something out of wood? (A carpenter)

Did carpenters have nails in the old days? (No)

But how, then, logs and beams were connected to each other? (Using cutouts)

Each row of logs fastened together formed a crown. A crown upon a crown - and a cage or a log house grows. Log cabins are the basis of any construction in Rus'. If this log house was intended for housing, then it was called a chopped hut. Remember what they called mansions? (Large huts, richly decorated) And the towers? (Tall structures with living quarters on top)

Guys, who can list the components of a Russian hut? (depicted on the board)

(Log house, releases, roof, ridge, prichelina, towel, comb, forehead, frontal board, platband)

The ancient masters invested deepest meaning not only in the construction of the house, but also in its decoration. How were Russian huts decorated?

(threaded)

What components of the hut must be decorated? (Pricheliny, towel, frontal board)

What motifs were used in the carving? (A carved round rosette is a symbolic image of the sun, images of birds and horses, a horse's head above the hut)

What meaning did the masters put into decorating the hut? (Signs - amulets in the most important places, as it were, protected from evil spirits)

The huts in the villages have never been painted or sheathed with anything before. People knew how to appreciate the amazing beauty and warmth of wood.

What other buildings can be found in the village? (Barns - for storing grain, sheds, wells, bathhouses, mills, richly decorated gates - entrance to the courtyard, church)

Not immediately, not suddenly, building skills were born. Where do you think the ancient masters drew their experience and inspiration from? (From nature, handed down from generation to generation)

III Practical work

- Guys let's start practical work. Pay attention to the step-by-step execution of the drawing.

IV Job Analysis

Groups take turns presenting their work.

Is the composition correct?

VOutcome

We have built an amazing village. And now we are going back. What do you remember about our trip to the Russian village today? What new interesting things have you learned?

The presentation was made according to the program of B.M. Nemensky "Fine Arts and artistic work", based on the textbook for grade 4 elementary school"Fine art. Every nation is an artist" Author - L.A. Nemenskaya.

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Slides captions:

The village is a wooden world.

Village - “tree” Huts were cut from wood, hence the word “village”. I. STOZHAROV. Northern villages.

The village is not only residential huts. This is a whole wooden world of buildings for various purposes: wells, gates - the entrance to the yard, barns, sheds, a threshing floor, bathhouses near the water.

SHED - a room for storing various things. BARN - storage room for grain and supplies

Village huts in the old days were placed out of order, but, as they said in a “joyful place”, so that the owner would be comfortable and not to interfere with the neighbor. Over time, they began to build them with a facade, that is, facing the road, and the result was a “street”, and from the streets - a village. Villages were built along the rivers.

In the center - in the best and most prominent place they put the church. People came here with their hopes, brought their sorrows and joys. Ancient churches differed little from the hut. They have only on the roof, on a thin neck - a cupola, as if tied with a scarf.

From the image of a modest peasant church, the masters gradually moved on to tent architecture. Festive striving overcame everyday life, and the princess-church was born. Step by step, the development of architectural forms went from simple to complex. This is especially evident in the image of the famous Transfiguration Cathedral from Kizhi Island in Karelia.

This is a quadrangular frame - "chetverik", on which stands the "octagon" - the octagonal base of the tent. How the chorus rush to the top of the onion dome. The domes seem to be united by a mighty force, but soft, kind and feminine. So kokoshniks appeared as decorations at cathedrals. Below, such a building was often surrounded by a hospitable porch. Tent temple

IN Ancient Rus' it was believed that a village without a mill was the poorest.

Create a collective panel "The image of the Russian village" Task

Sources: L.A. Nemenskaya. Art. Every nation is an artist. Proc. for grade 4 of the primary school. / Edited by B.M. Nemensky, M. Prosvesh. 2010 http://findmapplaces.com Saransk 2010

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

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presentation for the lesson fine arts grade 5 according to the program of B. M. Nemensky “Clothes speaks about a person”. (Summary of the topic)

The lesson is time travel. Not serious about serious. Lesson objectives: 1. Consolidate knowledge about clothes different peoples a certain era, draw a conclusion about the purpose of people's clothes ...

This work will serve as a good visualization in immersing students in the material being studied. From historical origins to the well-known Russian village, we are brought slide by slide. The evolution of the village dwelling is covered in detail. Next, next methodological material, contains information about the construction of a wooden house, which helps to design it in the lessons of technology (artistic work)

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Slides captions:

Presentation "Russian Village" Compiled by: teacher of fine arts Maksimova Zhanna Anatolyevna school No. 411

our Motherland - Rus', Russia our ancestors - Slavs

Narrator Bayan

chronicler

A.Khutornoy Chronicler

Saida Afonina. Enlightener Joseph Volokolamsky

Center of education in Rus' - Orthodox monasteries

Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra Holy Dormition Kiev-Pechersk Lavra

Great Chronicler - Nestor the Monk

Religion of the ancient Slavs - paganism (polytheism)

World tree (tree of worlds)

The supreme lord of the Universe, the personification of the God of the Family. The name Svarog comes from the Old Slavonic root "sva" - the sky ("light, holy") and "horn" - a symbol of the masculine principle. Svarog

Perun - God of the ancient Slavs (Yarilo)

V.I.Filyakin Bereginya

Makosh - Earth - personifies feminine nature and is the wife of Svarog. Expression Mother Earth, modern version name of the ancient Slavic goddess Mokosh symbol in embroidery

Makoshi's daughters

Bird Gamayun-messenger of the gods, V. Korolkov telling people the future

Birds Sirin and Alkonost V.M.Vasnetsov 1896

people worshiped the gods consulted with them, brought offerings

swore military loyalty and courage

their idols stood everywhere Chugriev V.Yu. Slavic village

About the gods composed myths and legends

In honor of the gods, festivities were organized Lebedev K.V. Night on Ivan Kupala

So it was until Prince Vladimir brought the Christian Orthodox Faith to Rus'

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down with idols

Viktor Vasnetsov. The Baptism of Prince Vladimir Frescoes in the Vladimir Cathedral

Viktor Vasnetsov. Baptism of Rus' Frescoes of Vladimir Cathedral

Stanislav Babyuk. The overthrow of Perun

Slavic settlement

The Slavs lived in tribal communities, settlements, villages, cities.

The Slavs surrounded their settlements with the walls of Gardarik

They built on a hill so that they were nearby -

forest and river

Such Slavs represented the river

Boris Olshansky

Good bad places

Unkind - were considered places of old conflagrations

Places with distorted trees

Places with distorted trees

Places with strange

scary trees

For the settlement, they chose bright "clean" places without notoriety

Panasenko. Motherland

What does it cost us to build a house!

For the construction it was important to take the "right" tree

They believed that the trees are alive, everyone sees and hears

Mighty, old trees were not cut down

The Slavs believed that the souls of the wise men lived in them.

It was impossible to cut down young, growing trees

What tree species were used to build the house?

Shishkin I. Oak Grove

Shishkin I. Birch Grove

Shishkin I. Tops of pines

Shishkin I. Spruce forest

Before cutting down a tree, they bowed to him, asked his forgiveness and explained the need for a log house.

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Russian village

The center and soul of every village, every village is the church - the temple of God

Wooden houses were built simple - one-story and more complex, two-story

Archaeological excavations provide the most interesting and reliable information about the life of the settlements of our ancient and not very distant ancestors.

Trinity excavation, 12th century. Novgorod

Yuryevo settlement Novgorod Museums of wooden architecture

The Slavs arranged their first houses in the ground (dugouts)

A dugout without walls and with a stove

A dugout with walls, a roof and an adobe stove with a brazier

The walls and roof of the dugout are being strengthened

The house got out of the ground, a portage window and a porch appear

The roof structure is improved, the foundation is strengthened, the window is enlarged

Lesson type: combined.

Goals:

• Introduction to the origins of native art.
• Formation of aesthetic ideas about Russian wooden architecture.
• Development creativity in creating art.

Tasks:

• To acquaint with the traditional image of the Russian village, the design of the house.
• Learn to portray the image of the hut.
• To give an idea of ​​the traditional decorations of the hut and their meaning.

Equipment: presentations, illustrations, drawings, art supplies.

Lesson plan:

I. Organizational part:

Check readiness for the lesson.

II. Knowledge update:

From time immemorial in Rus', people lived in harmony with nature. The earth is not only the beauty of nature, it retains deep traces of the events of human life.

How were settlements built in Rus'? Villages were built along the rivers, on hills with white churches on their tops, with domes burning in the sun and bells ringing far away. The huts were built from hewn, unpainted logs, which on a cloudy day looked like silver, and in the sun - like warm, luminous honey. All these are signs of the promised peace. These settlements were close to nature, decorated it.
But man can spoil nature, and there are many examples of this. The suburbs are built up with various buildings with garden plots that do not meet aesthetic criteria. In the old days, the villages had a certain structure, and carried the experience of centuries-old traditions.

III. Introduction to the topic: "The image of a traditional Russian house"

Master of Construction helps to understand the wisdom of wooden buildings of old Russian architecture. The hut is the structure of the forest region. Masters built mostly without nails, with an ax.

Viewing a presentation "Russian huts" about the beauty of Russian architecture ( Annex 1)

IV. Practical part

Creating the image of the village, you need to keep in mind the wealth of the wooden world: huts, barns, sheds, rigs, baths, mills, wells, churches, chapels, fences, gates.
There were many types of huts: barns, a basement hut with a “tale” (second floor), a porch, a grove (a function, an image of hospitality).

Exercise: Work on the image of a traditional Russian house - a hut.

Viewing the presentation "Village" ( Appendix 2)

Demonstration of work techniques (on the board) with gouache paints, wide horizontal strokes with gaps depict log walls. It is necessary to choose the characteristic color of the tree: silver-gray, golden brown. Adjacent walls are solved in contrast. You need to pay attention to the fact that it is better to depict windows after the walls are painted. Carved boards of decorations of the hut are depicted in a contrasting color with a thin brush. In the course of the work, the tasks of depicting space, the coloristic integrity of the image are solved.

V. Summary

Reflection, vernissage.

VI. Exercise: Preparation of art supplies.