Class hour on the topic: Karachay-Cherkessia - my small Motherland Class hour “My small Motherland” “My small Motherland” Purpose: to tell, show how people of different nationalities sing their native land in songs, poems, dances; learn to read poetry expressively.
Buchneva Olga Mikhailovna
Summary of the lesson "My small Motherland - Karachay-Cherkessia!"
"My small motherland - Karachay-Cherkessia»
Target:
To form love for the native land, aul, village, city and interest in its past and present;
To acquaint with the history of the name of the city of Cherkessk, to cultivate a sense of pride in their countrymen
Cultivate a sense of love and respect for Motherland, To Karachay-Cherkessia: its customs, precepts embodied in verbal musical, decorative and applied folk art;
Activate creative imagination children, their desire to be involved in the national artistic tradition.
preliminary work: Conversations with children about the culture of Russia, KChR. Examination of objects painted with ornaments. Learning folk proverbs and sayings.
move GCD:
caregiver:
Each leaf has
At every stream
There is the main thing in the world -
Eat own homeland.
For weeping willow
There is no cuter river
For the white birch
The edges have no relatives.
There are branches on a leaf
Ravine by the stream
Everyone in the world
Eat own homeland.
And where we are were born
Where we live happily
The edges are native
Children: We We call home!
Dear Guys! Today we will talk about our native Karachaevo _ Cherkessia, which is considered the pearl of the North Caucasus, where representatives of different nationalities live in great friendship - Circassians, Abazins, Karachays, Nogais, Russians and other nationalities.
1. Dad looked into my eyes
-
He showed five fingers.
Began to bend from the little finger
And I heard the words:
“Once - the guys are Abaza,
Karachaevsky - two.
There are Circassian guys
And nogai guys
There are also a lot of Russians here.”
And he bent his fifth finger.
2. My land! mine is like a song Motherland!
Where the mountains are like sails.
Corner of big Russia
The land is rich and beautiful
Karachayevo - my Circassia!
3. We leave the car
Behind the conductor
Someone's girl embarrassed
She handed me a bouquet.
On the pavement the sun shines
What city is this, mom?
They answered to us -
Cherkessk!
caregiver: Guys, what is our name Motherland?
Children: Russia.
caregiver: Capital of Russia?
Children: Moscow.
caregiver: What is the name of our republic?
Children: Karachayevo – Cherkessia.
caregiver: We born in KChR, everyone here speaks different languages, but everyone loves each other and everything here is dear and dear to us.
The majestic mountains of the Caucasus are strong
caregiver: Guys, do you know that our republican center was called the village of Batalpashinskaya, in honor of the Turkish Khan Batalpasha, who wanted to conquer this village. But our countrymen defeated this khan, and the village remained called Batalpashinsky.
As the years passed, the village grew, became prettier and grew into a large beautiful city of Cherkessk. The poet N. Dobronravov and the great Circassian composer A. Daurov wrote a song about this city "You, my heart, Cherkessk"
Listening to a song "You, my heart, Cherkessk"
caregiver: What is it called motherland? (children's answers) motherland also called mother, because she feeds us with her bread, gives us water to drink and, like a mother, protects us from enemies. There are many sayings among the people about Motherland. Who knows the sayings?
If friendship is great, it will be Motherland is strong.
- Motherland mother - be able to stand up for her.
- beloved homeland that mother darling.
Go around the world, but go back to your home.
Man without Motherland like a nightingale without a song.
Where was born, came in handy there.
A man has one mother, he has one and Motherland.
caregiver: Guys, what is the name of our village? (May) Do you love your village?
Child:
Friendly as brothers
We live in our native land
Together we get happiness
On the land of your own.
Child:
Our languages are different
But we all have one speech
We have one law
Keep friendship strong!
Fizminutka "Wider circle, wider circle..."
caregiver: has long been famous Karachaevo- Circassia with its craftsmen. They sew, embroider, make dishes from wood, silver, chasing and decorate with a national pattern - an ornament. The national dress for girls, jugs, vases, bowls are decorated with ornaments. Let's look at what elements the ornament consists of.
1. Dad looked into my eyes
“Five highlander brothers live here” -
He showed five fingers.
Began to bend from the little finger
And I heard the words:
“Once - the guys are Abaza,
Karachaevsky - two.
There are Circassian guys
And nogai guys
There are also a lot of Russians here.”
And he bent his fifth finger.
2. My land! mine is like a song Motherland!
Where the mountains are like sails.
Corner of big Russia
The land is rich and beautiful
Karachayevo - my Circassia!
3. We leave the car
Behind the conductor
Someone's girl embarrassed
She handed me a bouquet.
On the pavement the sun shines
What city is this, mom?
They answered to us -
Cherkessk!
The majestic mountains of the Caucasus are strong
And our mighty land is beautiful without beauty
But higher than the Caucasus and harder than a diamond
Great friendship that united us.
Child:
Friendly as brothers
We live in our native land
Together we get happiness
On the land of your own.
Child:
Our languages are different
But we all have one speech
We have one law
Keep friendship strong!
Class hour script
My small homeland - Karachay-Cherkessia
Purpose: to tell, show how people of different nationalities sing
native land in songs, poems, dances; teach to read poetry expressively;
cultivate love for the motherland, develop speech and Creative skills
students.
Class hour progress
1. The song "Caucasus" sounds
2. The poem "My land"
I want to turn into a bird
To fly around the whole wide world.
See the world, return home
To say that the edge is better - no.
Rise into the sky with the sun, cloud,
To see the whole of you.
I would like to become a mighty river,
To wash your fields.
I can't drink your water
In the mountains, breathe, do not breathe.
Walk in the forests, do not work up.
To admire you for a century!
It is no coincidence that the class hour began with wonderful poems about the motherland, since today we will talk about the small motherland - Karachay-Cherkessia. But, it should be rightly noted that our region is unthinkable without a common homeland with you - Russia. Imagine that there is a blue sky above you, and under your feet the land on which your grandmothers and great-grandmothers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers, your mothers and fathers were born. This is our Motherland.
Think about where our Motherland begins?
- You have a heart on your desks, in one sentence write down "Motherland is ...". Most good word underline these words.
Read the topic with delight, joyfully.
Now say it with tenderness.
- When we pronounce it, we have different feelings. Motherland…
How much this word means to us! Motherland is the place where you were born and live, this is our common home.
Motherland is not only mountains and forests, rivers and lakes, flora and fauna, but also people who know and love their native land. Our Motherland is an immense, mighty Russia. Every person living in Russia has his own small homeland. That's what we're going to talk about today.
January 12, 1922 our small Motherland was formed - Karachayevo - Cherkess Autonomous Region, and on December 9, 1992. - a new administrative unit was formed within Russia - the Karachayevo-Cherkess Republic. Each person until the end of his days retains a grateful love for the place from which his life originates - to father's house.
III. Map work.
And now, guys, take a look at the map of our Motherland and look for the Caucasus Mountains on it, which stretch from the Caspian to the Black Seas.
Karachay-Cherkessia is located in the north-west of the mountains. This is a small corner of our vast Motherland. In the east, it borders on the well-known resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters (Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Essentuki).
In the southeast, it adjoins the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.
In the south, the border of the republic runs along the Main Caucasian ridge and borders on Georgia and Abkhazia. And in the west it borders on the Krasnodar Territory.
The length of our republic from west to east is 160 km, and from north to south - 140 km. Our republic occupies an area of 14277 square meters. km. About 477,859 people of various nationalities live on it.
Our republic is called the pearl of the North Caucasus. There are few places on earth that could compare in their beauty with our Dombai and Teberda.
Leading. A corner of big Russia - a native mountainous land - this is how our republic is poetically called. Indeed, Karachay-Cherkessia is generously gifted by nature. The abundance of the sun, the mountain ranges with snow caps, all this is our Karachay-Cherkessia, this is our Motherland.
Dombai
Reserve "Teberdinsky"
Huge and impregnable mountains with peaks sparkling in the sun and snow-white clouds wandering above them - this is Karachay - Circassia!
Mountain Elbrus
Mountain forests, tall firs and spruces, alpine meadows with flowering forbs, delicious berries and mushrooms - the pristine realm of nature. And this is Karachayevo-Cherkessia!
Furiously running rivers, bottomless lakes, thundering waterfalls, crystal-clear springs, powerful avalanches - this is Karachay-Cherkessia!
People are proud, beautiful, hospitable with centuries-old traditions of their ancestors. And how many secrets our land keeps! This is Karachay-Cherkessia!
Leading. The Caucasus, the Caucasus Mountains, the peoples living in these parts have always excited people with their exoticism, unique beauty. The Caucasus was loved, wonderful Russian poets and writers wrote about the Caucasus.
The centuries-old past of the peoples of Karachay-Cherkessia is the way to overcome difficulties, hard trials and battles. More than once the peoples of Karachay-Cherkessia expelled the invaders from their native lands. The bonds of friendship between the mountain peoples and Russia go back to the distant past.
3. Poem. " That was a long time ago…"
It was a long time ago, Grozny Ivan,
From the edge of gorges and foamy rivers
To Russia for great permanent friendship,
A man came for brotherly help.
After all, one stone is not a fortress at all
So the old highlanders say,
Caucasians and Russians in fierce storms
Since those memorable times, they stand like a fortress.
Hard and joyless was the life of the mountain people, who were illiterate, did not even have their own written language. Years have passed, Karachay-Cherkessia has changed. The mountain peoples acquired their own written language, their own poets, writers, and teachers appeared. The old huts disappeared forever in the villages, light houses, schools, hospitals grew up in their place, libraries for children, clubs, cinemas were opened.
The current Karachay-Cherkessia is one of the multinational regions of Russia. Representatives of many nationalities and nationalities live in it in peace and friendship. The national composition of the republic is as follows: Karachays - 40.6% Russians - 31.4% Circassians - 11.8% Abazins - 7.7% Nogays - 3.3% And this list can be continued for a long time. Yes, the speech polyphony rings on this earth, merging into a complex orchestral symphony common life from which stories, legends, songs, dances are born. And our main task is to achieve prosperity and greatness native land, to become full-fledged citizens of our Great Motherland, able to preserve and develop the achievements
fathers and grandfathers - to live in peace and harmony.
4. The poem " Sons of tribes"
The rays of the sun are shining,
Dawn sways with fire.
To you, my land is multilingual,
I am faithful to every blood.
Under Russian steel banners
We go forward along the same path.
- Where are you from? - ask us by name.
- I'm from Russia! anyone will tell you.
Sons of multilingual tribes
We have learned to live in brotherhood.
In the language of one, great
And songs to sing and talk.
5. The poem " My Karachay-Cherkessia»
1. Under the joyful sun of Russia
By snowy peaks and sparkling rivers
Circassian, Karachay and Abazin,
Nogaets and Russians became friends forever
Through meadows, valleys and fields
Beauty and happiness are not melting,
You pass young
Karachay-Cherkessia is mine!
Everywhere snow-white flocks,
Grain fields everywhere
Slender Dombay plane trees -
Karachay-Cherkessia is mine!
6. The poem "Love your Republic ..."
Love your Republic
Father's land you tirelessly
Where the branches of pines are like nannies,
Rocked your cradle.
love your republic
For bread and salt, for breathing
Free chested and over the roof
You meet a quiet dawn.
Love your Republic
Keeping grandfather's courage.
For your own good
Don't betray your neighbor in the fire.
love your republic
Always, in days of joy and sorrow,
Save your hearth and family
Only the mountains will help you.
7. Poem "On the same path"
One narrow path
We walked through the dense forest
Karachay and Russian,
Abaza and Circassian.
Next to us was a Nogay
Our smaller, our fifth brother.
Together we walked exhausted
In vain search for good.
8. The poem "Without you, I ..."
Through meadows, valleys and fields, Beauty and happiness are not melting,
You are a young mountain woman, my Karachay-Cherkessia.
Without you, I'm a wingless eagle
Without you, I am a waterless gorge,
Without you, I would have withered a long time ago
Without you, I am a barren plant.
Without you, I am an extinct hearth,
Without you, I am like an empty hut,
Without you, I would have withered a long time ago
In short, I am nothing without you.
Leading:
Indeed, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is one of
the most beautiful corners of our Motherland, the pearl of the Caucasus. But our
republic, it is not only wonderful nature, it is above all
people, their life and history. The strength of the state lies in harmony, ability
live in harmony with nature and other people.
Historical page
To love your land means to know its history, geography and culture. How well do you know your republic?
1 student: In the 1st millennium b.c. Scytho-Sarmatians (north) and Colchians (south) lived on the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia. In the 4th-8th centuries. Abazins and Abkhazians settled in the valleys, and Alans settled in the mountain gorges of the Kuban.
2 student: In the 9th-10th centuries. the territory of the KCh was part of the early feudal state, which had political and economic ties with Byzantium, Khazars, Georgians.
The population was mainly engaged in cattle breeding.
3 student: From the 14th century The territory of the Chechen Republic was constantly subjected to devastating raids by the Crimean Tatars and Turks. In 1552, 1555 and 1557. were in Moscow
sent 3 embassies, which established a political union with Russia.
4 student: The Russian-Caucasian war was one of the most bloody and
long wars in the history of Russia. According to some researchers, the war has been going on since 1763, while according to other sources it began in 1817.
Leading:
At the beginning of the 19th century, the entire KS was included in Russia, and this inclusion in the general course of Russia's development broke the isolation of the subsistence economy and led to the disintegration of the community. In 1858-61. Batalpashinsky district was founded on the territory of the KCh, later - a department of the Kuban region. In 1868 Canceled serfdom. During this period, mines and mines were opened, small enterprises Food Industry.
Since 1918 Soviet power is established here. On January 12, 1922, when the Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Region, briefly KChAO, was formed, with a center in the village of Batalpashinskaya, then renamed the city of Sulimov, Yezhovo-Cherkessk and finally received modern name Cherkessk. The Cossack village of Batalpashinskaya was founded in 1825. Oddly enough, it received its name after the name of the defeated enemy: in 1790, in the vicinity of modern Cherkessk, a Russian army of 4,000 people defeated a 25,000-strong Turkish army. The Russians were commanded by Major General Ivan German, and the Turkish commander was called Batal Pasha. The name of the new settlement is a sign of respect for a serious adversary.
5 student:
The battle for the Caucasus (1942-1943) became a tragic page in the history of the people - this is one of the largest battles of the Second World War. The region became the scene of bloody battles Soviet troops with the Nazi occupiers.
Who is the President of Karachay-Cherkessia?
(Rashid Borispievich Temrezov)
Name the capital of the republic.
(City of Cherkessk)
Name the state symbols of Karachay-Cherkessia. What do you know about them?
State flag of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
The flag of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is a right quadrilateral in the aspect ratio: length to height 2:1. The flag of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is formed from three colors arranged in three horizontal stripes of equal width: light blue - on top, green - in the middle, red - on the bottom. In the center of the green strip, in its entire width, there is a bright circle (ring), in which the sun rising from behind the mountains with five wide double and six tonics and short rays.
light blue color- the personification of the world, bright and good motives and tranquility.
Green color - the main color of nature, a symbol of fertility, wealth and creation, the color of youth and at the same time wisdom and restraint.
Red- a solemn color, a symbol of warmth and closeness between peoples.
State Emblem of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
The emblem of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic has a round heraldic shape. The background is yellow, it symbolizes sunny Karachevo-Cherkessia.
In the center of the composition is a stylized silhouette of Elbrus, which means eternity, strength and greatness. It is superimposed on a blue circle, symbolizing eternal sky and blue waters. The diameter of the circle in relation to the general circle is 1:2.
On both sides of the branch And flowers rhododendron - one of the most specific alpine plants of Karachevo-Cherkessia. These flowers are a symbol of peace, health, purity.
The shape at the bottom resembles a bowl, which symbolizes hospitality. The bowl and small circle are a little out of bounds great circle, which creates a great attraction of the coat of arms.
State anthem of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
I am proud of the ancient Motherland!
The light of the snows of Elbrus is eternal
And holy is the pure stream of Kuban!
These steppes, these mountains
I - and the roots and support,
Karachay-Cherkessia is mine!
I am grateful to the Motherland
For all the years of my life
Among fraternal languages, native persons,
You are given by nature itself,
Cradle of my peoples
My cities, villages and villages!
You are the pearl of Russia!
Let under a peaceful blue sky
Your fate will always be good!
And live for centuries, dear,
Evil and bitterness without knowing
Karachay-Cherkessia is mine!
Man is born to be happy and deserves to be happy. Happiness to live on this earth, happiness to think and love, rejoice and delight others. Happiness is unthinkable without such values as work, thought, love and friendship. Friendship between people, friendship between nations. We are proud of the friendship in the multinational family of the peoples of Karachay-Cherkessia.
IN Caucasian mountains jigits happened
To strengthen male friendship stronger,
They gave a friend - a friend of blades and daggers,
And the best cloaks, and the best horses.
And I, as evidence of sincere friendship,
I send you my songs friends.
They and my expensive weapon
And my horse, and my best cloak.
The majestic mountains of the Caucasus are strong,
And our mighty land is beautiful without embellishment,
But higher than Kazbek and harder than diamond
Great friendship that united us.
At our cramped table
Ringing songs are pouring.
These songs are wonderful
Let there be more than one language.
Composes songs of friendship
Both the Circassian and the Nogai,
Proud son of Karachay,
Russian and Abaza.
Our correspondence tour of our native land is coming to an end. Let's sum it up.
What do you think you, the students, can do to ensure that our region flourishes: the rivers and lakes were clean, and there were a lot of fish in them, there were a lot of mushrooms and berries in the forests, which are needed not only for humans, but for animals and birds.
What can you do to make our village and cities clean and beautiful?
So that the school and our class are comfortable, and every day we come here with a desire?
Yes, our republic is beautiful, and we are proud of our Motherland!
9. Poem "I love my Motherland so madly"
... I madly motherland
love so much.
Ask why,
I probably won't answer.
I can't just
ordinary speech
Tell that
what I sing with my heart...
Leading:
Inconspicuous or important - on earth any of us
Dies only once and is born only once!
So let's be kind people, at least for these times
So let's take care of each other, so that they envy us!
I love the open spaces of the steppes and snow-capped mountains,
And upland dense forests.
And the stories of the elders, and thoughtful rocks,
And growing hull factories.
Your cities and rivers have fallen in love with me forever,
And, standing guard, poplars.
The region is rich and beautiful.
A corner of my native Russia - Karachay-Cherkessia is mine!
Highlanders know the price of honor. Building the future together.
Friendly brothers businesslike family.
You are sung by poets, warmed by the gentle sun,
Karachay-Cherkessia is mine!
Municipal state educational institution
"Average comprehensive school a.Erken-Yurt »
library lesson
Teacher-librarian:
Seifedinova Asiyat Magometovna
“My small homeland is Karachay-Cherkessia!”
Target:
Expand students' knowledge of the history of
Karachay-Cherkess Republic;
to bring to the consciousness of children the understanding of the word "Motherland";
to instill love for the Motherland, pride in one's Fatherland;
to cultivate a sense of patriotism for their native land,
to his nature.
Equipment:
map of Russia; geographical map of Karachay-Cherkess
republics;
drawings of students on the topic: "My Karachayevo - Cherkessia";
symbols of KCHR;
presentation with the sights of the KChR.
During the classes
I. Introduction by the librarian:
- Oh, Motherland! In dim light
I catch with a quivering gaze
Your country roads, copses -
Everything that I love without memory.
A. Zhigulin - It is no coincidence that our lesson began with Anatoly Zhigulin's quatrain about the motherland, since our class hour is dedicated to the small motherland, the native land. But, it should be rightly noted that our region is unthinkable without a common homeland with you - Russia.
-Imagine that there is a blue sky above you, and under your feet the land on which your grandmothers and great-grandmothers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers, your mothers and fathers were born. This is our Motherland.
- Think about where our Motherland begins? - You have a heart on your desks, in one sentence write down "Motherland is ...". Underline the best word of these words.
- What do you think, what will be discussed today?
- Read the topic with delight, joyfully.
- Now say it with tenderness. - When we pronounce it, we have different feelings. Motherland…
How much this word means to us! Motherland is the place where you were born and live, this is our common home.
Motherland is not only mountains and forests, rivers and lakes, flora and fauna, but also people who know and love their native land. Our Motherland is an immense, mighty Russia. Every person living in Russia has his own small homeland. That's what we're going to talk about today.
January 12, 1922 our small Motherland was formed - Karachayevo - Cherkess Autonomous Region, and on December 9, 1992. - a new administrative unit was formed within Russia - the Karachayevo-Cherkess Republic. Each person until the end of his days retains a grateful love for the place from which his life originates - for his father's house.
II. The song "Karachayevo - My Circassia" sounds
III. Working with the map. - And now, guys, take a look at the map of our Motherland and look for the Caucasus Mountains on it, which stretch from the Caspian to the Black Seas.
Karachay-Cherkessia is located in the north-west of the mountains. This is a small corner of our vast Motherland. In the east, it borders on the well-known resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters (Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Essentuki).
In the southeast, it adjoins the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.
In the south, the border of the republic runs along the Main Caucasian Range and borders on Georgia and Abkhazia. And in the west it borders on the Krasnodar Territory.
The length of our republic from west to east is 160 km, and from north to south - 140 km. Our republic occupies an area of 14277 square meters. km. About 477,859 people of various nationalities live on it.
Our republic is called the pearl of the North Caucasus. There are few places on earth that could compare in their beauty with our Dombai and Teberda.
Presenter 1. A corner of big Russia - a native mountainous land - this is how our republic is poetically called. Indeed, Karachay-Cherkessia is generously gifted by nature. The abundance of the sun, the mountain ranges with snow caps, all this is our Karachay-Cherkessia, this is our Motherland.
Presenter 2. Huge and impregnable mountains with peaks sparkling in the sun and snow-white clouds wandering above them - this is Karachayevo - Cherkessia!
Host 1. Mountain forests, tall firs and spruces, alpine meadows with flowering forbs, delicious berries and mushrooms - the pristine kingdom of nature. And this is Karachayevo-Cherkessia!
Presenter 1. Furiously running rivers, bottomless lakes, thundering waterfalls, crystal-clear springs, powerful avalanches - this is Karachay-Cherkessia!
Presenter 2: People are proud, beautiful, hospitable with centuries-old traditions of their ancestors. And how many secrets our land keeps! This is Karachay-Cherkessia!
Presenter 1. The Caucasus, the Caucasus Mountains, the peoples living in these parts have always excited people with their exoticism, unique beauty. The Caucasus was loved, wonderful Russian poets and writers wrote about the Caucasus.
IV. Reading a poem by V. A. Zhukovsky. Dressed in blue fog, The mountain rose above the mountain, And in the host of their gray-haired giant, Like a cloud, Elborus is two-headed ...
V. Reading a poem by A. S. Pushkin
Great pictures! Eternal thrones of snow, Their peaks seemed to the eyes As a motionless chain of clouds, And in their circle a two-headed colossus, In a crown of shining ice, Elbrus, huge, majestic, Whitened in the blue sky.
Presenter 2. The centuries-old past of the peoples of Karachay-Cherkessia is the way to overcome difficulties, hard trials and battles. More than once the peoples of Karachay-Cherkessia expelled the invaders from their native lands. The bonds of friendship between the mountain peoples and Russia go back to the distant past.
Presenter 2. It was a long time ago, under Ivan the Terrible,
From the edge of gorges and foamy rivers
To Russia for great permanent friendship,
A man came for brotherly help.
After all, one stone is not a fortress at all
So the old highlanders say,
Caucasians and Russians in fierce storms
Since those memorable times, they stand like a fortress.
Hard and joyless was the life of the mountain people, who were illiterate, did not even have their own written language. Years have passed, Karachay-Cherkessia has changed. The mountain peoples acquired their own written language, their own poets, writers, and teachers appeared. The old huts disappeared forever in the villages, light houses, schools, hospitals grew up in their place, libraries for children, clubs, cinemas were opened.
The current Karachay-Cherkessia is one of the multinational regions of Russia. Representatives of many nationalities and nationalities live in it in peace and friendship. The national composition of the republic is as follows:
Karachays - 40.6%
Russians - 31.4%
Circassians - 11.8
Abaza - 7.7%
Nogais - 3.3%
this list can be continued for a long time. Yes, the polyphony of speech rings on this earth, merging into a complex orchestral symphony of common life, from which legends, songs, dances are born.
Execution national dance"Maiden"
Love your Republic
Father's land you tirelessly
Where the branches of pines are like nannies,
Rocked your cradle.
love your republic
For bread and salt, for breathing
Free chested and over the roof
You meet a quiet dawn.
Love your Republic
Keeping grandfather's courage.
For your own good
Don't betray your neighbor in the fire.
love your republic
Always, in days of joy and sorrow,
Save your hearth and family
Only the mountains will help you.
To love your land means to know its history, geography and culture.
How well do you know your republic? We will test this knowledge today.
- Who is the president of Karachay-Cherkessia?
(Rashid Borispievich Temrezov)
- Name the capital of the republic.
(City of Cherkessk)
The Cossack village of Batalpashinskaya was founded in 1825. Oddly enough, it received its name after the name of the defeated enemy: in 1790, in the vicinity of modern Cherkessk, a Russian army of 4,000 people defeated a 25,000-strong Turkish army. The Russians were commanded by Major General Ivan German, and the Turkish commander was called Batal Pasha. The name of the new settlement is a sign of respect for a serious adversary.
- What are the state symbols of Karachay-Cherkessia. What do you know about them?
State flag of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
Left0The flag of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is a right quadrilateral in the aspect ratio: length to height 2:1. The flag of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is formed from three colors arranged in three horizontal stripes of equal width: light blue - on top, green - in the middle, red - on the bottom. In the center of the green strip, in its entire width, there is a bright circle (ring), in which the sun rising from behind the mountains with five wide double and six tonics and short rays.
The colors on the flag mean:
Light blue color is the personification of peace, light and good intentions and tranquility.
Green is the main color of nature, a symbol of fertility, wealth and creativity, the color of youth and at the same time wisdom and restraint.
Red is a solemn color, a symbol of warmth and closeness between peoples.
State Emblem of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
left0The coat of arms of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic has a round heraldic shape. The background is yellow, it symbolizes sunny Karachevo-Cherkessia.
In the center of the composition is a stylized silhouette of Elbrus, which means eternity, strength and greatness. It is superimposed on a blue circle, symbolizing the eternal sky and blue waters. The diameter of the circle in relation to the general circle is 1:2.
On both sides there are branches and flowers of rhododendron - one of the most specific alpine plants of Karachevo-Cherkessia. These flowers are a symbol of peace, health, purity.
The shape at the bottom resembles a bowl, which symbolizes hospitality. The bowl and the small circle go slightly beyond the boundaries of the large circle, which makes the coat of arms more attractive. State anthem of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
Music: A. Daurova Lyrics: Yu. Sozarukova I am proud of my ancient Motherland! The light of the snows of Elbrus is eternal And the clear stream of the Kuban is holy! These steppes, these mountains are my roots and support, my Karachay-Cherkessia! I am grateful to the Fatherland For all the years of my life Among the fraternal languages, native faces, You are given by Nature itself, The cradle of my peoples, My cities, auls and villages! You are the pearl of Russia! May your fate always be good under a peaceful blue sky! And live for centuries, dear, Knowing no evil and bitterness, my Karachay-Cherkessia!
Man is born to be happy and deserves to be happy. Happiness to live on this earth, happiness to think and love, rejoice and delight others. Happiness is unthinkable without such values as work, thought, love and friendship. Friendship between people, friendship between nations. We are proud of the friendship in the multinational family of the peoples of Karachay-Cherkessia. As a sign of respect and love for our culture, language, people, as a sign of friendship for the children of our friendly family, our class gives you their songs and dances.
In the Caucasian mountains, horsemen used to strengthen men's friendship more strongly, They gave each friend blades and daggers, And the best cloaks, and the best horses. And I, as evidence of sincere friendship, I send you my songs, my friends. , and my best cloak.
Performance of the song "Elbrus handsome"
The majestic mountains of the Caucasus are strong, And our mighty land is beautiful without embellishment, But higher than Kazbek and harder than a diamond The great friendship that rallied us.
Nogai dance "Togerek"
At our cramped table Ringing songs are pouring. These songs are wonderful, Let there be more than one language. The songs of friendship composes Both the Circassian and the Nogai, Proud son of Karachay, Russian and Abaza.
Our correspondence tour of our native land is coming to an end. Let's sum it up.
What do you think you, the students, can do to ensure that our region flourishes: the rivers and lakes were clean, and there were a lot of fish in them, there were a lot of mushrooms and berries in the forests, which are needed not only for humans, but for animals and birds.
-What can you do to make our village and cities clean and beautiful?
-So that the school and our class are comfortable, and every day we come here with a desire? (..., decorate the class...) Yes, our republic is beautiful, and we are proud of our Motherland! People's Poet KChR Nazir Khubiev wrote a poem full of love for the motherland, which will also reflect our love for her.
Without you, I'm a wingless eagle
Without you - I'm a waterless gorge,
Without you, I would have been silent for a long time,
Without you, I am a barren plant.
Without you - I'm an extinct hearth,
Without you, I am empty,
Without you, I would have died long ago
In short, I am nothing without you.
Karachay-Cherkessia - my small Motherland
Class hour"My small homeland"
"My small homeland"
Purpose: to tell, show how people of different nationalities sing of their native land in songs, poems, dances; teach to read poetry expressively; to cultivate love for the Motherland, to develop the speech and creative abilities of students. The course of the class hour: 1. The song "Caucasus" sounds 2. The poem “My Land” I want to turn into a bird, To fly around the whole wide world. To see the world, to return home, To say that it’s better than the land. wash your fields. I can’t drink your water, Breathe in the mountains, don’t breathe. Walk in the forests, don’t walk up. The hymn of the KChR sounds 4. The poem “On the same path” On one narrow path We walked through the dense forest, Karachay and Russian, Abaza and Circassian. earth man. It is small, the earth is huge. Man occupies very little space on earth. But man is not alone, there are many people on earth. They occupy all the land. Those people who live together, speak the same language, do a common thing, are called in one word - the people. There are many peoples on earth, they all live in different parts of it. The place where the people live is called the Motherland. Our Motherland is Russia. And we live in one of the unique regions of Russia - the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. This is our small Motherland.5. The poem “Without you, I ...” Through meadows, valleys and fields, Beauty and happiness are not melting, You are a young mountain woman, Karachay-Cherkessia is mine. Without you, I am a wingless eagle, Without you, I am a waterless gorge, Without you, I would have long wither away, Without you I am a barren plant. Without you, I am an extinct hearth, Without you, I am like an empty saklya, Without you, I would have withered long ago, In short, I am nothing without you. But our republic is not only wonderful nature, it is first of all people, their life and history. The strength of the state lies in harmony, the ability to live in harmony with nature and other people. 6. The poem "My Karachay-Cherkessia"1. Under the joyful sun of Russia At the snowy peaks and sparkling rivers, Cherkess, Karachai and Abazin, Nogaets and Russian became friends forever.2. Through the meadows, valleys and fields Beauty and happiness do not melt, You pass young, Karachay-Cherkessia, my! Snow-white flocks everywhere, Grain fields everywhere, Slender Dombai plane trees - My Karachay-Cherkessia!
Presenter: Abazins, Circassians, Karachays, Russians, Nogais live on the territory of our republic, and our main task is to achieve prosperity and greatness of our native land, to become full-fledged citizens of our Great Motherland, able to preserve and develop the achievements of fathers and grandfathers - to live in peace and harmony. Presenter: It is quite obvious that it is impossible to create a happy future without relying on the gigantic experience accumulated by our ancestors over the millennia and enshrined in a complex of traditions and customs. different peoples. There is no future without the past. Our republic and our country have traveled a long historical path. Let's take a short historical excursion. Scytho-Sarmatians (north) and Colchians (south) lived on the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia. In the 4th-8th centuries. Abazins and Abkhazians settled in the valleys, and Alans settled in the mountain gorges of the Kuban. 2 student: In the 9th-10th centuries. the territory of the KCh was part of an early feudal state that had political and economic ties with Byzantium, the Khazars, and Georgians. The population was mainly engaged in cattle breeding. 3 student: From the 14th century. The territory of the Chechen Republic was constantly subjected to devastating raids by the Crimean Tatars and Turks. In 1552, 1555 and 1557. 3 embassies were sent to Moscow, which established a political union with Russia. 4 student: The Russian-Caucasian war was one of the bloodiest and longest wars in the history of Russia. According to some researchers, the war has been going on since 1763, while according to other sources it began in 1817. Host: You can feel this terrible tragedy of our people by listening to the following song. A huge request - listen to the words of the song. 5 student: At the beginning of the 19th century, the entire CC was included in Russia, and this inclusion in the general course of Russia's development broke the isolation of the subsistence economy, led to the decomposition of the community. In 1858-61. Batalpashinsky district was founded on the territory of the KCh, later - a department of the Kuban region. In 1868 Serfdom has been abolished. During this period, mines and mines, small food industry enterprises were opened. 6 student: Since 1918. Soviet power is established here. Host: January 12, 1922, when the Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Region, briefly KCHAO, was formed, with a center in the village of Batalpashinskaya, then renamed the city of Sulimov, Yezhovo-Cherkessk and finally received the modern name Cherkessk. 7 student: Tragic a page in the history of the people was the battle for the Caucasus (1942-1943) - this is one of the largest battles of the Second World War. The region became the scene of bloody battles between the Soviet troops and the Nazi invaders. And, 11. The song "Elbrus is a handsome man" - the students invite those invited to the dance Host: Our republic is multilingual. Yes, and at school studying mother tongue is mandatory.12. The poem “Sons of Tribes” The sun glare sparkles, Dawn sways like fire. To you, my multilingual land, I am faithful to the blood of each. - ask us by name. - I'm from Russia! anyone will tell you.15. Sons of multilingual tribes We have learned to live in brotherhood. In one great language And to sing and speak songs. Leading: Inconspicuous or important - on earth, any of us Dies only once and is born only once! So let's be kind people, at least for these times. and snow-capped mountains, And upland dense forests. And the stories of aksakals, and pensive rocks, And the growing factories of the corps. I fell in love with your cities and rivers forever, And standing guard, poplars. The land is rich and beautiful. mine! Highlanders know the price of honor. They are building the future together. Friendly brothers are a businesslike family. You are sung by poets, warmed by the gentle sun, Karachay-Cherkessia is mine! Host: I hope that everyone present in this hall is convinced that the region is better than the native land, and in our case this is not KCh find.14. The poem “I love my Motherland madly so much”... I love the Motherland madly so much. Ask why, I probably won’t answer.
Festival of Friendship of the Peoples of the KChR
PURPOSE: to promote the development of a sense of respect for people of other nationalities; instill in children a sense of pride and love for their people; the formation of tolerance, a sense of respect for other peoples, their traditions.
Equipment: children's drawings, national flags.
PROGRESS OF THE EVENT
Student:
One narrow path
We walked through the dense forest
Karachay and Russian,
Abaza and Circassian,
Next to us was a Nogai,
Our smaller, our fifth brother.
Together they walked exhausted,
In the eternal search for good.
Kyun ashhyy babbler! (karach.)
Fi mahue flyue! (black)
Damn mouse! (abaz.)
Hello! (Russian)
Student:
Salam!
How much light and heat
fit in short word this.
It has the generosity of a mountain table
Mountain peaks in the hands of dawn.
In this word, wisdom and hello,
It is repeated by fathers and children.
It took in the light
Gone millennia.
We are a guest from a far side
Let's give them like a brother.
Only the dawn over the mountains
Will stretch the first ray of dawn,
I tell you salam!
(song "Salam alaikum!")
Vedas. Salam! We tell all our fellow countrymen living in this fabulous ancient land. We speak different languages. But we all equally love our small but beautiful Karachay-Cherkessia. The centuries-old past of the peoples of the KChR is the way to overcome difficulties, hard trials and battles. More than once, the peoples of the KChR expelled invaders from their native lands. The bonds of friendship between the mountain peoples and Russia go back to the distant past. In 1957, under Tsar Ivan the Terrible, the current KChR was annexed to Russia.
Student:
After all, one stone is not a fortress at all,
That's what the old people say.
Caucasians and Russians in fierce storms
Ever since the memorable
They stand like a fortress.
Vedas. Although our republic is small, it is one of the multinational regions of Russia. But the main nationalities are Russians, Karachays, Circassians, Abaza and Nogais. And they live in peace and harmony.
Student:
At our generous table
Ringing songs are pouring
These songs are wonderful
Let there be more than one language.
Songs of friendship compose
Both the Circassian and the Nogai,
Proud son of Karachai,
Russian and Abaza.
Vedas. What do you think, how did it all start? Where did the word "friend" come from? Let's listen to the poem, which is called "The word" friend "".
Student:
When no one knew a word yet
No "hello" or "sun" or "cow"
Neighbors ancient man used to
Show fist or tongue
And make faces, which is the same thing.
But, the word became a guttural sharp sound,
More meaningful face, skill hands.
And the man coined the word "friend."
He began to wait for a friend and yearn in separation.
Thank you for my friends.
How would I live, what would I do without them?
Friends are the people I love
I will never offend anything.
Not for this our ancestor walked through the darkness,
So that, having met a friend, I shouted:
"Fool!" Showing tongue or fist
And he made faces, which is the same thing.
Vedas: Friendship is the most exalted, noble feeling of a person. Man is born to be happy and deserves to be happy. Happy to live on this earth. Happiness to think and love, to rejoice and please others. Happiness is not mental without such values as work, thought, love, friendship. Friendship between people, friendship between nations. And if a friend is in trouble, you need to help him out.
Student:
Don't stand by indifferently
When someone is in trouble.
You can rush to the rescue
Any minute, always.
And if someone helps
Your kindness and your friendship
Are you happy that day
Didn't live in vain!
You don't live in vain!
Be cheerful to be happier
The one you make friends with
So that everyone in life has enough
Great human kindness.
You hear someone's song
And it will become brighter around:
The most magical miracle
We don't call friendship for nothing!
Scene "Turnip".
A hard-working Karachay planted a turnip. A large turnip has grown. He began to drag a turnip out of the ground: he pulls, he pulls, he cannot pull it out.
He called for help to his friend - a strong Abaza. Abazin after a Karachai, Karachai for a turnip - they can’t pull, pull, pull. The Abaza called his friend, a sympathetic Circassian. A Circassian for an Abazin, an Abazin for a Karachai, a Karachai for a turnip - they cannot pull, pull, pull.
The Circassian called his friend - a brave Russian. A Russian follows a Circassian, a Circassian follows an Abaza, an Abaza follows a Karachai, a Karachai follows a turnip - they cannot pull it out.
Then they called a friendly Nogai. Nogay for Russian, Russian for Circassian, Circassian for Abazin, Abazin for Karachai, Karachai for turnip - pull-pull pulled out the turnip.
Vedas: You see that if we are friends, then we will cope with any business.
(girl dance)
Student:
Friendship is a fresh wind
This is the joy of hello.
Nothing in the world
There is no better friendship.
Student:
If there are friends in the world
Everything is beautiful, everything is blooming
Even the strongest wind
Even the storm won't bend.
We are in the rain, and in the snow, and in the cold.
Let's have fun walking
We are friends in any weather
Do not break this friendship!
And any of us will answer
All who are young and brave will say
You and I live in the world
For good, glorious deeds.
Student:
Sometimes voices are heard
That there are no miracles
There are miracles on our Earth
But they must be found, of course!
Friendship is always the main miracle.
And any trouble is not a problem,
If there are real friends around.
The game "Who is friends with whom?"
Vedas: Who do you think is friends with whom?
1. Funny Chipmunks Chip and ... (Dail.)
2. Good Snow White and ... (seven dwarfs.)
3. Beautiful little mermaid and .... (Nye Sebasian.)
4. Funny Winnie the Pooh and ... (Piglet.)
5. Kind Kid and ... (Carlson.)
6. Trusting Pinocchio and ... (Malvina, Pero.)
7. Green crocodile Gena and ... (Cheburashka.)
Song "True Friend"
A strong friendship won't break
Will not fall apart from rain and blizzards.
A friend in trouble will not leave
Do not ask too much -
That's what real means
True friend.
We fight and make up
"Do not spill water!" - joke all around.
At noon or at midnight
A friend will come to the rescue -
That's what real means
True friend.
A friend can always help me out
If something suddenly happens.
Someone needs to be
IN Hard time –
That's what real means
True friend.
Vedas. Motherland - the place where we were born, where we live, these are houses, forests, fields that surround us. This place is called a small homeland. Each person has his own little homeland. For many, this is our city. And our republic is a common motherland for all who live on this earth.
Student:
My native land is the republic of the free
Great nations, different languages.
And they appreciate the customs of the peoples here
Advice from wise old men.
Student:
Circling all over the wide world,
Today I will say not melting
That there is no sweeter edge anywhere,
Than my native side.
Student:
You are the holy land, you are the hope
The glory of grandfathers is good for us.
Let morals, clothes change,
But a good soul will remain.
(anthem of KCHR)
Vedas. A person cannot live without a homeland and friendship. The proverbs speak very well of this:
"A man without a homeland is like a nightingale without a song"
"Whoever sells his homeland will sell his conscience"
“The dog tends to the place where he ate,
And a person - to the place where he was born "
"Cold wind chills,
A cloudy day is warm.
The land where I was born and raised
Only a foolish person forgets
“To a man without a homeland, everything seems cold”
"A man is proud of his mighty homeland"
“Look for a friend, but if you find it, take care of it”
"Do not have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends"
“Friendship is not a mushroom, you won’t find it in the forest”
Student:
So let's, let's be friends
Let the verses be remembered more than once
If friendship is always cherished
That any wish will come true.
Vedas. This is where our presentation comes to an end. Let's make our life good. Let's help each other in difficult times. Let's never fight. And let's say words to each other famous hero, patient and kind Leopold: "Guys, let's live together!"
(ABOUT KRASNODAR REGION)
Theme: "The land of the fathers is my land" Objectives: To educate patriotism and citizenship, respectful attitude To state symbols, the history of their region and their people, a sense of pride in their small homeland; promote adolescents' perception moral values; Equipment: multimedia presentation; phonograms of songs; photo collage.2 slide It's dawn, stepping on the mounds. Poplars rose to meet the sun ... How sweet you are and how dear you are to us, Kuban, Kuban - our native land! Viktor Podkopaev Presenter: Dear guys! Our small Motherland, Kuban, has an ancient and rich history. A more detailed study of historical science awaits you in high school. The aim of our lesson is brief introduction with the history of our Krasnodar Territory. You must have heard the song “Where does the Motherland begin?” written by poet Mikhail Matusovsky and composer Veniamin Basner. The song "Where does the Motherland begin?" Host: So where does the Motherland begin for each of us? (children's answers). WITH hometown, villages, villages. From the cheerful noise of the trees on the streets of our childhood. From the golden sea of wheat in the endless Kuban fields. With fervent Cossack song. From the stories of my grandfather - a veteran of the Great Patriotic War ... Quite a few years will pass, and you will proudly say: "I am a citizen of Russia." And then, with no less pride, add: “I am a native of the Kuban.” Walk along the familiar streets and paths. Stand with your head bowed at the obelisk in the centers of cities and villages. Listen to the hurried babble of the river, to the ringing bird conversation. Look at the faces of the people who surround you. Slide 3 - 10 All this is yours, the closest and dearest. And even if fate throws you far from these places, you will still strive here with all your heart. Here are your roots. The homeland begins here. The Kuban is famous throughout Russia not only for its rich grain harvest, the beauty of nature, but also for its songs. Favorable conditions and mild climate contributed to the fact that the first human settlements appeared here very early. The sites of ancient people discovered on the territory of the region make it possible to trace almost all archaeological epochs. Ancient Kuban has a very turbulent history: what kind of tribes and peoples did not set foot on this land - the ancient Greeks founded their cities - colonies, hordes of Huns, Khazars, Pechenegs, Polovtsians and Mongols - Tatars invaded. The settlement of the Kuban by Russian subjects began after two Russian-Turkish warriors of the century. On June 30, 1792, Catherine bestowed the lands of the Taman Peninsula with its surroundings to the Black Sea army (former Cossacks), who became famous in the fight against the Turks, in order to protect the southern borders of Russia. Slide 12 (text of the deed of gift) Look at the modern map of the Krasnodar Territory. slide 13 (Working with a map of the Krasnodar Territory.) Our region is located in the south of our Russian Federation. It is called Krasnodar by the name of the main city of the region, and its historical name is Kuban. It borders: in the north and north-east - the Rostov region, in the east - the Stavropol Territory. In the south-east - Karachaevo - Cherkessia, in the south - Georgia. In the west, the Kerch Strait separates the Kuban from the Crimea, which is part of Ukraine. The territory of the region is washed from the south-west by the Black Sea, from the north-west by the Sea of Azov. The area of the region is 76,000 square kilometers. From Moscow Krasnodar is located at a distance of 1539 kilometers. Krasnodar region divided into 38 districts, 26 cities, 24 urban-type settlements, 1175 rural settlements. Leading: What is the name of the place where you live? (Guys' answers). See if it's marked on the map? Slide 13 Presenter: The nature of the Kuban is beautiful. Go out into the garden, into the steppe, into the field, take a walk in the park, just look out the window - and you will see a real miracle .... Slide 14 - 34 (photo collage Valakh A.) Presenter: And now we will talk about the state symbols of our region as the personification of the patriotism of our people, because as M. Montaigne wrote: “The coat of arms and flag of the country reflect the history of the people, the dream of the creator and the dignity of its citizens ". Slide 35 - 38 Presenter: Every self-respecting citizen of any country considers it his duty to sing along while the national anthem is playing (the anthem of the Kuban sounds) slide 39 Presenter: Dear guys. After all, you are the heirs of our beautiful Kuban land: its history, its culture, all those priceless riches that were created by the hands of older generations. You will increase the wealth of your native land and its wonderful traditions, work in the fields and factories, make scientific discoveries, compose poems and songs about their native land. (Slide 40 of the presenter's words) The yellowing fields rustle, rustle, Cheer up the heart with beauty. My native land, The land of happy fate, The land of the fathers is my land.
Municipal state educational institution
"Gymnasium No. 5", Cherkessk.
"MY SMALL MOTHERLAND - KARACHAYEV-CHERKESIAN".
Appaeva Roza Rasulovna
student of 6 "b" class
MKOU "Gymnasium No. 5"
Supervisor:
Dzhandubaeva Zhanna Yurievna
teacher of history and social studies
MKOU "Gymnasium No. 5"
CONTENT
I . Introduction. Rationale for the choice of topic.
II . Main part:
The history of the region
The legacy of ancestors
Story women's costume
Wedding ceremonies of the Karachai people
conclusions
List of used literature
Relevance:
- development cognitive interest to the history of their region.
- Studying the history of your people.
- the study of little-known pages of the history of the region will allow us to develop a deeper understanding of the past of our Fatherland.
Rationale for the choice of topic. Relevance.
“Karachay is the people living at the foot of Elbrus,
distinguished by its fidelity, beauty and
courage."
Lev Tolstoy.
High in the mountains, where the peaks of Elbrus prop up the sky with snow-white caps, where the Kuban and Zelenchuk rivers originate, spilling in stormy streams through fertile valleys and mountain meadows, our people, the Karachays, lived in mountain gorges. We want to tell about our people, who, like everyone else, indigenous people Karachaya has been carefully preserving the traditions and customs of its ancestors for centuries. They pass on to us the richest culture of the region, instilling in children respect for the sources, pawning from an early age the reverence for the history of Karachaylyl, as the Karachays call themselves.
Much connects a person with the place where he was born and raised. The native land, its people, nature - all this becomes part of his destiny. Awareness of the small Motherland - main principle spiritual and moral education of society. The fuller, the deeper
Every nation has its own history. Russia is a multinational country. We want
so that we, living together in our country, know the history of all the peoples living on the territory of our large, immense Motherland.
To know the history of your people, your native land means to be able to appreciate its past, to love the present.
Goal of the work:
-show the importance of knowing the history of your region, your people by the example of studying the customs and traditions of your people.
- to understand the inseparable connection, the unity of the history of your city, people, family with the life of our country.
- to educate students as citizens of their homeland, who know and respect their roots, culture, traditions and customs of their native land.
- to develop the research skills of students in the process of getting to know the history of their native land.
Tasks:
- Learn the history of your people.
- the revival of interest in the history of their region.
- development of research skills in the process of getting to know the history of the native land.
- to develop awareness of the phenomenon of a small Motherland, as a global phenomenon of a large Motherland.
- the formation of an active life position in students, a sense of patriotism.
- formation of search motivation for local history activities.
Hypothesis: Local history contributes to the solution of the problems of social adaptation of gymnasium students, the formation of their readiness to live and work within the region.
Object of study : local history.
Subject of study : historical places of the region, the history of the Karachai people.
Study participants : classmates and their families.
Research methods : study, analysis and generalization of scientific literature data, photographing, creation of presentations, albums, processing and analysis of the obtained data.
Practical significance consists in the study and accumulation big material to study the history of their native land, traditions and culture of their people. The collection of material is of great value to the school museum.
II . Main part.
1. History of the region.
Karachays are a people living in one of the highest mountainous places in all of Europe. They speak the Karachay-Balkar language and belong to the Turkic languages of the Kypchak group of the Altai family. Many Karachais are fluent in Russian and writing.
IN IX – X For centuries, the territory of the modern Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia was part of the Alanian state, which actively participated in establishing ties with the Khazar Khaganate and Byzantium. The formation of my people was completed in XIII – XIV centuries.
In the following centuries, up to the middle XVIII century. The territory where the Karachays lived was constantly subjected to raids by the Crimean-Turkish feudal lords. This forced them to seek protection in the alliance of the highlanders with the Russian people.
During 1552-1557, embassies were sent to Moscow, the result of which was the political union of the Karachays with Russia.
Good relations were interrupted with the beginning Caucasian war in 1817. After the highlanders were defeated in the Battle of Khasauk, on November 20, 1828, Karachay was officially annexed to Russia. And although the collision Russian army with militant representatives of the people continued until the end XIX century, a new era of development began in the history of Karachay. Gradually, the population moved away from the habitual way of life that had existed for centuries in this region.
In 1858, the foundation of Cossack villages began on the territory of Karachay, which later led to the merger of Karachay and Cherkessia into the Batalpashinsky district, which later became a department of the Kuban region.
At this time, the economic growth of Karachay took place: the mining industry was developed, trade relations began to be established.
After the establishment of Soviet power in 1920, the Karachay National Okrug was formed. In 1922, a new reform took place in the administrative structure of Karachay. As part of the Stavropol Territory, the Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Region was created, which in 1926 was finally divided into three state units: the Karachaev Autonomous Region, the Cherkess National District and the Batalpashinsky District. In 1931, the district administration was abolished, and the territory was divided between Karachay, Cherkessia, Stavropol and Krasnodar territories.
In the era Soviet state my people have gone through many upheavals. During the Great Patriotic War, the entire population of the Karachay Autonomous Region was subjected to repression and mass persecution.
At a time when the male population of Karachay took part in the battles with the Nazi invaders on the fronts of the Motherland, their mothers and fathers, wives and children were forcibly taken to the territory Central Asia and Kazakhstan.
Most of the territories where the Karachays lived for centuries were renamed the Klukhor district and became part of the Georgian SSR. Rehabilitation of Karachays and
The creation of the Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Region began only after the decision of the CPSU Congress and the last decree of the USSR PVS of January 9, 1957.
In 1990, the Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Region was transformed into a republic within the RSFSR. On December 9, 1992, the Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Region became the Karachay-Cherkess Republic.
2. The legacy of the ancestors.
Our people have long been rich in crafts and crafts. Each village had its own blacksmiths, carpenters, gunsmiths who made tools, weapons, furniture, and various utensils. Blacksmithing was especially revered among the people, and its secrets were inherited from father to sons.
Local craftsmen made several types of weapons, which were used mainly for hunting. 100 sheep were given for the guns of the best craftsmen. Karachai knives (bychak) were famous, which are often used today.
But women brought special fame to Karachay, whose skill to skillfully process wool is considered the main wealth of the mountainous region. They wove beautiful and durable cloth and carpets, knitted scarves, socks, mittens from wool, dressed sheep and goat skins.
Years since four girl they were already giving a spindle, and as soon as her legs reached the loom, they taught weaving. Embroidering intricate knots, sewing with gold and silver were considered girlish occupations. And now this art continues. My grandmother teaches me how to create beautiful knitted products.
Grandmother told me the legend of our people, about the well-known possessor healing properties fermented milk drink - kefir.
Who doesn't know this drink? It turns out that his homeland is the Karachay Territory.
I didn't know that either. According to the legend. Several centuries ago, the prophet Mohammed came to Mount Elbrus. As a sign of his disposition towards the Karachais, he left them a gift - a recipe for a miraculous drink that prolongs life and improves health, and with it a few peas from his staff, strictly punishing no one to give peas for production.
The Karachays faithfully fulfilled the order of Mohammed, the sacred peas were not even given as a dowry to their daughters if they married in neighboring villages. Gypy-airan or "grain of Mohammed" was the name of the secret component of the most useful drink, in other words, leaven. In fact, it turned out to be kefir fungus. In favor of the reliability of this legend is the fact that scientists have not yet been able to derive it artificially. Maybe. Kefir would have remained strictly the drink of the Karachays. If in 1906 Irina Sakharova, a graduate of the dairy farming school of Nikolai Blandov, had not dared to set off on a journey to the Caucasus. To reveal the secret of wonderful grains.
After long wanderings, tricks, and even the abduction of the girl by Prince Bekmirza Baychorov, Irina still managed to return to Moscow safe and sound and bring 10 pounds of "Mohammed's grains" with her.
Already at the end of 1906, kefir began to be supplied to hospitals in Moscow and St. Petersburg for seriously ill patients. But centuries later, as the kefir fungus became the property of the people, the Karachais are still considered the best producers of it in the whole world.
3. The history of women's costume.
I want to tell about national costume my people. On the history of women's costume. Clothing played a big role in the women's everyday life of the Karachai beauties. It differed from the neighboring peoples of the Caucasus in its rich color, variety of decor and quality of the material from which it was made. The richer the fabrics and the more intricate patterns on the clothes of a Karachai woman, the more indicative was the wealth of her family, the dignity of her father and the degree of respect for him by fellow villagers.
The head of the family considered it his duty to provide his wife and daughters with the best outfits, and mothers from childhood taught their daughters to needlework, so that by marriage their talents would be known in all villages.
The woman was worshiped and her honor was protected by the whole family. If someone dishonored a girl or a married woman, then an inevitable punishment awaited him.
Girls from adolescence watched their figure. In order to have a thin waist, from the age of ten they were pulled into corsets, in cut reminiscent of men's kaftans, worn under chain mail. Also girls from the upper class wore a corset and torso. Chuba was made of wooden planks and sheathed with morocco. It was worn on a naked body, pulled together with laces. Girls wore it until the moment they got married. Those who did not have enough money for a chuba wore a kysma bra made of silk or cotton. An undershirt was worn over the corset.
Women's underwear Karachai women were served with a tunic. Linen was sewn from satin, cambric. Women from wealthy families wore a kelek - a tunic made of expensive silk brought to Karachay from the East. The undershirt was loose-fitting and long. As a rule, below the knees and with long sleeves on the cuffs. The front of the tunic had a slit with a button fastening. Daily and festive shirts differed.
The most common upper component of a woman's attire was the captal.
Sewn from satin, velvet. The hem and sleeves were richly trimmed with gold or silver
embroidery. Festive captal for women of different ages differed in sleeve length, decor and color. Older women chose dark shades for kaptal fabrics, usually they preferred dark blue, gray, green and black colors.
For girls, the sleeve of the upper dress rarely fell below the elbow, it had a large neckline on the chest, from which silver clasps were visible on the bib. At the waist, the kaptal was girded with a silver belt.
To end XIX centuries, the girls of Karachay wore high, pointed woven hats, to which a metal crown decorated with geometric ornaments was sewn.
The ornament of clothes of the inhabitants of Karachay played the role of a talisman. pictures of stars,
the suns and moons covered the clothes of women, symbolizing the ancient pagan beliefs about the birth of a new world, which every woman carried in herself. The top of the headdress was made up of metal patterned non-works. After the birth of a child, a woman tightly covered her hair with a scarf, which was tied in a special way: the ends were passed under the braids and tied at the crown.
Scarves came into fashion at the end XIX century. Hats were no longer sewn, they were worn only by those who inherited an outdated wardrobe item. Scarves got to Karachay
from all over the world from India, Syria, Persia, Turkey.
From Russia, the Nikolaevsky jauluk was brought here - a scarf that got its name from the name of the Russian emperor, which was considered very expensive and prestigious. Each woman, depending on her wealth, had several headscarves. Silk shawls were most valued. It was considered especially prestigious if a young woman wore a white scarf, and for a middle-aged woman - black. A fully embroidered silk scarf was incredibly expensive, sometimes its price could reach the cost of several carpets.
The girls also wore scarves made of Vologda lace. It was a festive accessory for the warm season. Women chose the color of the scarf according to their age. Calm colors were worn by older people. Young people chose bright, colorful colors.
A plaid scarf was very popular in a woman's wardrobe. She was considered a wealthy woman. Those who had several kerpe jauluks were known by sight to all the inhabitants of the village. Scarves in Karachay-Cherkessia are also worn in our time, especially old handmade scarves are popular, miraculously surviving and inherited by modern Karachays from their great-grandmothers. We also have a few handkerchiefs in our house that we got from my great-grandmothers.
4. Wedding ceremonies of the Karachay people.
We want to talk about the wedding ceremonies of our people.
A wedding, wedding ritual is a complex set of customs and rituals associated with the formation of a family. Like other peoples of the Caucasus, Karachais know two main types of marriage: arranged marriage (sez tauskhan adet blah) and marriage by kidnapping (kachyrgan adet blah).
Forcible abduction of a bride against her will (zorluk bla kachyryu) has always been perceived, and even more so now, as a humiliation of the dignity of a girl and an insult to her relatives. The central place of the wedding is the choice of the bride and groom.
Previously, in most cases, parents or other relatives looked for a young man for a wife who suited him according to his social and
property status, and in rare cases, the young man himself could report
their choice to parents through an intermediary (seleshtirgen adam - the person leading the conversation). Nowadays, the free choice of the spouses themselves is increasingly practiced.
Previously, young people made acquaintances mainly during the festivities of the calendar cycle, at the help of neighbors and girls' gatherings, at weddings and homelands. The dances organized there were one of the favorite entertainments of the Karachays. All participated except married women. During parties, dances were replaced by games and songs-competitions of boys and girls.
During the calendar festivities, traditional carnival processions were arranged, reminiscent of Russian carols. In them, young people and children, singing ritual songs, went around the houses, and the owners presented them with ritual pies. With these gifts, the youth continued their fun and games. Fires were lit here, over which girls and boys jumped in competition, fortune-telling was arranged - when someone was destined to get married or get married. In conclusion, everyone together ate the gifts collected from the yards.
Wedding (in Karachay - toy) - the brightest, festively decorated event
family life.
At present, Karachays have three types of weddings: full traditional (tolu adet blah), semi-traditional (dzharty adet blah) and new (dzhangy adet blah). In a traditional wedding, its central link - the wedding celebration - is preceded by matchmaking (kelechilik dzhyuryutyuu from "kelechi" - ambassador). It consists of two stages - informal and official.
The first visit is applied as if by chance, in between cases. And only at the second visit its purpose is openly declared. Moreover, not only the first, but also the second visit often comes down to an ordinary meeting in the courtyard of the house or somewhere else. And only after the matchmaking begins to take on an official character, the matchmakers are invited to the premises (ichkeri).
By this time, the parties are carefully making the necessary inquiries about each other. They do not stop making such inquiries in the future, when the matchmaking becomes official. Usually, the hosts affably thank the groom's family for the honor, but continue to give the matchmakers an evasive answer: for example, they say that they need to consult with someone who was absent from the family council
relatives or offer to arrange a meeting - the bride and groom. During such meetings, the girl emphasized her respectful attitude to
parents and other relatives, obedience to their will; therefore, even if she is inclined to accept the proposal, she sends the groom to her parents. In case of refusal, it transmits its decision through an intermediary.
In the case when the issue of marriage has already been decided by the bride and groom, preliminary matchmaking is simplified. Mediators can only agree on the organization of the wedding, the time and order of the bride's move. If the young people themselves have resolved these issues, then matchmaking generally disappears. But if the groom only gives his consent to the candidacy of the bride chosen by the council, then the family completely takes care of the worries and expenses for matchmaking and arranging the wedding celebration.
So, having secured the girl's prior consent to marriage, the matchmakers officially cross the threshold of the bride's house.
The number of matchmakers is not strictly defined. In most cases, one person, more often a woman, acts as a matchmaker. This is usually a relative or relative of one of the parties, at the same time well known to the other party. A relative of the groom acts as an escort (he is also a car driver). Sometimes the groom's parents themselves act as matchmakers, who alternately meet with the mother and father of the bride.
The groom participates in the matchmaking only at its informal stage. At the same time, he visits only the bride herself. A prominent role in matchmaking and collusion is still assigned to the groom's uncles, as well as his son-in-law - the sister's husband.
.
A wedding with matchmaking is considered more prestigious and is called "adetindecha toi" (traditional wedding). If the wedding is arranged without matchmaking, by taking the bride away, then it is considered not prestigious and is called "kelechisiz toy" (without matchmaking), and the bride is often reproached for having crossed the threshold of the house without matchmaking (kelechisiz kelgen).
3-5 people are sent by the groom's side to perform the conspiracy ceremony. Among them are usually the groom's uncle (the head of the delegation), the groom's son-in-law, the groom's younger brother, sometimes the matchmaker and one of the elder daughter-in-law's relatives. The delegation is taking with them "conspiracy money", a box of confectionery, a sheep, and drinks. All this is given to the groom's parents.
In the bride's house, guests are met in the kunatskaya. Together with them, not the parents themselves or other members of the bride's family sit down at the table, but relatives invited for this.
At some point, the head of the delegation, accompanied by one or two witnesses, goes into the room where the bride's parents are, and hands over the "conspiracy money" and gifts to them.
Currently, if none of the close relatives or neighbors has died since the time of the matchmaking, then no more than a week passes before the wedding. This time is quite enough for the bride's side to equip her for marriage, and for the groom's side to prepare the toy.
Before moving on to the wedding feast, let's say a few words about the pre-wedding preparations.
On the pre-wedding days, the groom's side sends special persons to invite guests and prepares a festive treat. Sheep are slaughtered (at the rate of one sheep per 25 people) or a well-fed bull, ritual pies are baked (hychynla, chykyrtla, berekle)
buza is brewed, less often beer (cheese). It does not do without alcoholic beverages, the costs of which used to be a considerable amount.
Having received an invitation to the wedding, the closest relatives go there in a day or two. They do not go empty-handed: they carry gifts with them - "algysh kerek" (congratulations). These are money, items of women's toiletry, dress cuts, costumes, confectionery, traditional halvah. The closest give a sheep.
From among their gifts, "kjol kerek" or "kelinni kyuburchegi" (bride's box) are completed for the bride, and the most valuable gifts go for the bride's large chest (kelinni kyubyuru), where things that are part of the berne are placed. When packing things in a chest, which happens on the eve or on the day of the arrival of the traveler for the bride, they are subjected to scrupulous discussion in terms of their prestige or lack of prestige. This is a kind of ceremony led by one of the
senior women of the bride's house, and one of the daughters-in-law of the family acts as a guide when demonstrating things
the bride's chest is completed by the ceremony of preparation for the wedding in the bride's house.
And in the groom’s house, a day or two before the wedding, the distribution of roles takes place: the manager of the wedding (kuanchny bashchiy), dances (begeul), the food part (gezen biche), those responsible for the tables (bashchi table) and their assistants (shapala) are appointed, best men are determined (kueu jengery), etc. In parallel, in the bride's house, in addition to the patroness "kyz jenger katyn", the retinue of her escorts, best men "kyz jengerle" is determined - 4-5 men (boys) from among relatives on the mother's and father's side. Seniors are appointed - usually the son-in-law or the unmarried brother of the bride. A special woman (usually one of the young daughters-in-law of the family), whom we will refer to as a mentor. They, together with the mentor, are responsible to the bride's family for the observance of order and customs. On the wedding day, several people join them from the groom's side: one of them is the groom's mentor, and the other two are the bride's young relatives. In marriages by withdrawal or departure, the bride is accompanied by a young man from among her relatives until the parties are reconciled. The room in which the bride and her retinue are accommodated is traditionally called "otou" (newlyweds' room). She is furnished as elegantly as possible and attention is riveted to her throughout the festival. If the groom does not have an intermediate home where he is during the wedding, which is observed only in certain families adherent to the old traditions, then he is also in the otou along with his mentor.
On the appointed day (the end of the week is considered preferable), the wedding train is equipped in the morning. As before, they try to make it as magnificent as possible. If earlier a wagon was sent for the bride, accompanied by horsemen, the number of which was not limited at all, now they send a smart car, accompanied by five to ten other cars with friends and the groom himself. The main car carries the so-called flag of the groom's house (yunyu bayragy). This set, which includes an elegant girl's scarf, a men's shirt, a dress cut and a wedding ring
The wedding "flag" is adjusted in such a way that the objects included in it, tied to the pole or to the viewing mirror of the car with a ribbon (earlier with galloons), will certainly flutter in the wind. Sometimes the hood of this car is decorated with a rug. In the distant past, the flag of the wedding train was the flag of the groom's family, which was reminiscent of the brand of the groom's family embroidered on it over the brand of the bride's family. We are currently dealing with a secondary tradition, a genetic
basis that has been lost. The rest of the cars, as less honorable, are decorated
multicolored ribbons and pieces of plush, in some cases also a towel and shirt.
Before leaving, the trainees for the bride in the yard of the groom arrange a "stirrup" (atlanngan ayak), that is, a light treat. The venerable representative of the groom's side pronounces a parting word, urging you to keep order and follow the instructions of the chief best man (kuyuyujenger tamada). Previously, among the travellers, there were an accordionist and one or two mentors (the sister of the groom and the elder daughter-in-law). Now, in addition to them, the wedding train includes at least five or six girls. As for the groom, the wedding train used to leave "mostly without him," but now the groom is not on it only on rare occasions. But he does not leave from the parental yard, but, as it were, imperceptibly joins the journey or leaves the “other house”.
The departure of the wedding train in the past was accompanied by the singing of a wedding song, and along the way - horse riding and shooting from a gun. Now those gaming moments are gone. The sounds of car horns serve as an imitation of the song.
In recent years, a tradition has been established according to which the procession, before turning into the groom's house, goes to the place of solemn registration of marriage (to the building of the village council,
home life, registry office).
5. Conclusions.
We live in Russia, in Karachay-Cherkessia. This is the place where we were born, where our ancestors lived. According to the stories of relatives, we know the history of our people, their customs and traditions.
An educated and cultured person should know about his past - this is respect
our ancestors. We live in a multinational country. People live as a family, communicate. If we love each other, know the history of the peoples living in our country, then conflicts on national grounds will disappear, small peoples will not disappear.
“Not knowing the history of your country, your native land is like not knowing your parents. Without the past, there is no present."
References.
Kipkeeva Z. B. Introduction // . - Stavropol: SSU, 2010.
Hotko S. Kh. Ethnogenesis of the Karachays // . - Maikop: JSC "Polygraph - South", 2011.
Socio-economic, political and cultural development of the peoples of Karachay-Cherkessia. 1790-1917. Collection of documents. - Rostov-on-Don, 1985.
Karaeva A.I. Essay on the history of Karachai literature // Nauka, 1966.
Akachieva S.M. Illumination of the soul // Rostov-on-Don, 1996.
Roza Appaeva
Competition of design works "Knowledge and creativity"
Participant Appaeva Roza Rasulovna
results
Nomination
Job
Points
Result
My land
My small homeland - Karachay-Cherkessia
Laureate II degree
