What are paints made from? Artistic paints Types of paints for drawing and their features.

All children love to draw and actively use all available tools - pencils, felt-tip pens, paints. Consider popular species paints suitable for children's fine arts.

Drawing is one of the most favorite children's activities. From the moment a child has their firstset of felt-tip pensor pencils, the kid with great enthusiasm draws first random lines and scribbles, then quite meaningful plots. The most difficult visual tool to master is paint. Consider different kinds paints that are used for children's drawing.

Finger paint

Paints for the smallest children who are not yet able to hold in their handscolored children's pencilsor brushes, called finger. As the name implies, drawing with such paints does not require additional tools: you can simply dip your fingers into jars and leave traces on paper with them. Finger paints are ideally suited for babies: they are made from natural ingredients and are completely safe for the child when they enter the mouth. As a rule, such paints are unpleasant in taste (sour, salty, bitter), so you don’t have to worry that the child will actively lick them off.

Watercolor paints

These are the most common colors for children's creativity with which literally everyone is familiar from childhood. You can use watercolor, starting from the age when the child is able to hold a brush in his hand. Watercolor paints can have 4-6 colors, and in some sets the number of colors and shades reaches up to three dozen. Inexpensive and affordable watercolor - optimal choice to start creative artistic activity.

gouache paints

Gouache is a fairly thick and oily paint that has rich colors and a denser texture compared to watercolor. Gouache paints are divided into art, intended for painting, and design poster. Gouache is packaged in jars, sets can contain both ordinary paints and pearlescent or fluorescent paints, paints with sparkles.

What to look for when choosing paint?

When choosing paint for drawing, you should focus on the age of the child and the presence of certain visual skills. You should also pay attention to the expiration date of the paint, its environmental friendliness and safety. For young children, experts recommend choosing paints with natural colors, which will help develop the aesthetic taste of the child.

Find out more about children's craft products at

The picture is a representation inner world artist. Drawing another masterpiece, the author conveys the mood, thoughts and ideas on the canvas. At the same time, he uses various styles and techniques of painting, a wide palette of colors. To create a picture, of course, talent is required, but it is also necessary to be able to draw, to combine colors correctly. All this can be learned from a young age. If you want to determine if your kid has artistic potential, give him paints for drawing, let him create.

Art materials are different types, compositions and purposes. In order not to get lost in all this diversity, let's take a closer look at which paints are best used for drawing. Purchase high-quality paints and varnishes for children's creativity so as not to cause an allergic reaction.

If you have long dreamed of becoming an artist, holding brushes, a palette in your hands, drawing strokes on paper attached to an easel, this information will help you choose the right artistic tools for creativity.

It's time to bring your plans to life. First, consider what types of paints are, their characteristics. This will help make right choice and purchase the desired material.

Watercolor

Probably, everyone had watercolors in childhood, so it’s not worth introducing them too much. Already from the name "watercolor" you can understand that the composition of the dye includes water (aqua). Such material is intended for drawing exclusively on paper.

Sets watercolor paint for children are unlikely to be suitable for serious painting. Professional Artists use watercolor to paint still lifes, portraits and landscapes, which is produced in tubes or cuvettes. When working with watercolor, you must use an easel. The watery structure of the material is absorbed into the paper, and it may warp.

The texture of the watercolor composition is light, translucent. The colors are well combined, you can easily create different shades.

Gouache

Gouache paints are dense in composition, have saturated colors. After their complete drying, a matte coating forms on the surface. It is not difficult for artists with experience to paint with gouache. With its help, you can remove the admitted flaws, block light paint dark color, and creating new shades will require professional skills and imagination.

Gouache paints come in 3 types:

• Artistic - used to paint pictures.

• Poster - with the help of the material, various visual propaganda is designed.

• Children's - has a non-toxic composition, used for drawing on paper.

The gouache composition is produced in small jars. Before use, it is diluted with water with the addition of wood glue. If you store gouache in a diluted form, it dries quickly. With it, you can draw something on different surface(cardboard, paper, fabric, etc.). Do not apply a thick layer of gouache on the canvas, after drying, cracks will begin to appear, and the paint will crumble.

Acrylic

Acrylic is one of the new types artistic paints, is popular among professional painters. The material is used for drawing on glass, ceramics, paper, fabric, metal and wood. Acrylic paints have a bright color scheme. After applying to the surface, they form a non-tarnishing, resistant coating that is not washed off with water.

Acrylic paints are produced in tubes. Before application, they are diluted with water or a special solvent. The consistency can be thick or liquid. If you purchased acrylic in the second option, it is not necessary to dilute it with water.

The texture of the material can be: mother-of-pearl, matte, shiny, glossy. If you apply undiluted acrylic of a thick consistency to the canvas, you will get a unique bright texture.

Oily

One of the first coloring compositions, which was used for painting as early as the 16th century, is considered to be oil. For its manufacture, walnut, sunflower or linseed oil was used, as well as a color pigment. The paint comes in individual tubes.

To work with oil material, you will need a palette, high-quality brushes, canvas, easel and solvent. Draw with this composition on cardboard, canvas, wood, plain or primed paper. Due to the dense texture and bright colors, you can create a realistic image of a landscape or a person.

Important! Among artists, such material is called "volumetric paints for drawing." Oil paintings are kept for a long time and do not fade.

Before applying the oil composition to the surface, dilute it with a solvent. But do not overdo it so that the composition does not turn out to be liquid.

Tempera

The composition of the tempera dye includes oil, glue, water and a color pigment. There is no doubt about the durability of the material, since the paintings painted by him have survived to this day since the Renaissance. The tempera dries very quickly, the color does not fade with time, it is well combined with other types of paints, it is not washed off with water.

But the most important advantage of such a material is that it can be applied different techniques, while they will resemble the texture of a transparent watercolor or dense gouache. And if you apply pasty tempera, then the pictures will be as if painted with oil paints. If you paint a picture with such paint, using various techniques, others will not immediately guess what material was used.

In order for tempera paintings to retain their original appearance for as long as possible, they can be varnished after complete drying.

Children's paints

If you notice that the baby has begun to draw on the wallpaper, then it's time to tell him how to do it without harming the interior. The materials used for this can be pencils, crayons, colored pens, felt-tip pens, etc.

Many educators and psychologists advise parents to deal with a child with young years educational and educational games. The best of them for any kid will be drawing. Firstly, it broadens the horizon and develops fine motor skills of the hands; secondly, it reveals creative potential and logical thinking of the baby.

Before choosing which paint your child will paint, read the composition of the material in more detail. His main task in the process of work will not harm the health of the child.

Children's paints for drawing are:

• Finger;

• Watercolor;

• Gouache.

Finger paints are recommended for babies with early age. That is, if a child still cannot hold a brush, but wants to draw, this option is just for him. All that is required is to dip your finger into the water and then into the paint and make a few strokes on paper. The material has a viscous texture, does not flow from the finger. The composition of paint for drawing includes food additives and dyes with a bright bitter taste. This will discourage the baby from tasting them.

Watercolor and gouache paints for drawing correspond in composition to art materials. It is recommended to buy them for children from 5-6 years old. That is, the child must learn to hold the brush in his hands, and then you can teach him the technique of drawing.

Where to buy paints for drawing?

To date, a large number of specialized stores have been created that sell goods for creativity. In their assortment there is a large number of paints for drawing, which means that you can easily choose the option of interest for yourself or your loved ones.

On the video: an experiment with watercolor.

Also good paints you can choose from the online store. Reasonable price, wide selection various materials, delivery can be made directly to the door of your apartment. And the quality of paints and varnishes for painting is no different from the store. At the same time, you can choose related products: brushes, solvents, palette, paper (or canvas) and much more.

Interesting facts about paints (1 video)

Various products (25 photos)

annotation

The history of colors probably began with the advent of man. Until our time, preserved primitive drawings made with charcoal and sanguine (clay). The cave dwellers painted on the stones what surrounded them: running animals and hunters with spears. Medieval artists also prepared their own paints by mixing pigment powders and fats. Such paints could not be stored for more than one day, as they oxidized and hardened when exposed to air.

For 3 years I have been painting at the art studio with different colors: watercolor, gouache, oil paints, pastels. These paints can be purchased at any office supply store. AND contemporary artists that's how they do it. But a long time ago, when there were no shops and paints were not made in factories, where did the artists get their paints? Currently paints are made from chemical elements. Is it possible to make environmentally friendly paints?

Purpose of the study:

Find out what substances paints consist of, determine the advantages and disadvantages of “home-made” paints.

Research objectives:

1. Familiarize yourself with popular science, educational literature and periodicals on the research topic;
2. Study what substances paints consist of.
3. Conduct an experiment: make your own paints at home.
4. Compare paints made at home and bought in a store.
5. Draw a picture from the received paints.

Hypothesis: I assume that the paints can be made independently at home, but they will be different from the store.

THEORETICAL PART

Composition of paints

Paint is a material used to impart color.
Paints are made up of a pigment and a binder.
The pigment is a dry dye.

The world around us is colorful.

Ancient artists looked for material for paints right under their feet. From red and yellow clay, finely rubbed, you can get a red and yellow dye, or, as the artists say, a pigment. Pigment black gives coal, white - chalk, azure - blue or green gives malachite and lapis lazuli. Metal oxides also give a green pigment.

The first blue lapis lazuli was sold in 1 kg for 600 francs. Paints from natural pigments were not only of various shades, but also of amazing durability. The Pskov icon of Dmitry Solu has survived to our time. This icon is over 600 years old and is still in good condition. The Pskov master himself made these paints. Still known: Pskov greens, red cinnabar and yellow Pskov.

Currently, almost all paints are made in laboratories and factories from chemical elements. Therefore, some paints are even poisonous, for example, red cinnabar from mercury. Violet dyes can be made from peach pits or grape skins.

Dry dye cannot stick to the canvas, so you need a binder that sticks together, binds particles of dry dye into a single colored paint-mass. Artists took what was at hand: oil, honey, egg, glue, wax. How closer friend to the other particles of pigment, the thicker the paint. The density of the paint can be determined by looking at how a drop of honey, an egg, spreads on a long-drying drop of oil, which does not even combine with water, and leaves a greasy mark when it dries.

Different binders give different paints with different names.

Glue is part of the watercolor and gouache. watercolor light, a translucent paint that requires dilution with water. The name itself says it.
Oil is included oil paints, they are the most durable and fall on paper with bold strokes. They are stored in tubes and diluted with a solvent, kerosene or turpentine.
One of the ancient painting techniques- tempera. These are egg paints, sometimes referred to as "egg paints". More than two thousand years ago, tempera was made by mixing pigment with egg yolk, and eight hundred to five hundred years ago with egg white, to which fig juice, honey, or other substances unknown to us were added at the same time.
There was another paint, very resistant, but the recipe for its preparation has been lost. This is encaustic - paint mixed with wax. Figure 1 shows the Fayum portrait. This painting is about two thousand years old, it was found in a grave, we see an expressive and bright look.
At present, it has not been possible to prepare a wax-based paint.
So, I found out that paints consist of a pigment and a binder.

The process of making paints.

After analyzing the literature and articles on the Internet, it is possible to describe how paints are prepared. First, they look for raw materials. It can be coal, chalk, clay, lapis lazuli, malachite. Raw materials must be cleaned of foreign impurities. The materials must then be ground to a powder.
Coal, chalk and clay can be ground at home, but malachite and lapis lazuli are very hard stones, special tools are needed to grind them. Ancient artists ground the powder in a mortar with a pestle. The resulting powder is the pigment.
Then the pigment must be mixed with a binder. As a binder, you can use: egg, oil, water, wax, glue, honey. The paint must be mixed well so that there are no lumps. The resulting paint can be used for painting.
After finding out the composition of paints, learning about the process of making paints, I realized that I could make some paints myself.

PRACTICAL PART

Description of experiments

To conduct experiments, I had to get natural pigments and binders. At my disposal were clay, chalk and coal. I made a plan of three experiments.

Experiment plan 1
1. Purify coal from impurities.
2. Grind coal into powder.
3. Sift the powder.
4. Mix coal with water.

Experiment plan 2
1. Clean the clay from impurities.
2. Grind clay into powder.
3. Sift the powder.
4. Mix clay with oil.

Experiment Plan 3
1. Clean the chalk from impurities.
2. Grind the chalk into powder.
3. Sift the powder.
4. Mix the chalk with the egg.

All experiments were successful, and I received black, brown and white paint. brown paint I drew a drawing.

After conducting these experiments, I wanted to try other raw materials, so I conducted a few more experiments. I mixed each type of raw material with water, oil and egg, resulting in paints of different colors and consistency.

Experimental results

Now I know what paints are made of. You can prepare some paints at home.

The resulting paints differed in consistency and quality:
Charcoal with water gave the paint a metallic hue, it was easy to pick up on a brush and left a bright mark on the paper, it dried quickly
Clay with oil gave a dirty brown paint, did not mix well with oil, was difficult to pick up on a brush, left a greasy mark on paper and dried for a long time.
Chalk with an egg gave white paint, which was easily picked up on a brush, left a thick mark on paper, dried for a long time, but turned out to be the most durable

The results of other experiments can be seen in the table.
The resulting paints have advantages and disadvantages: environmentally friendly, free, have natural colors, but are labor intensive, there are no bright colors and they are inconvenient to store.
In addition, I drew a drawing with my own paints.
So, to prepare the paint, you need to mix the pigment (chalk, coal, clay, malachite, lapis lazuli) with a binder (oil, egg, water).

conclusions

* The history of colors began with the advent of man.
* Paints for drawing consist of a pigment and a binder.
* Initially, earth, clay, coal, chalk, malachite, lapis lazuli were used as pigments.
* Eggs, oil, water, wax were used as a binder.
* Now paints are made in laboratories and factories from chemical elements.
* In the course of experiments, I managed to get paints different colors and shades, draw a picture.

Supervisor: Tarasova Natalia Gennadievna

MOU “Initial comprehensive school №5”
Russia, Nefteyugansk

It happens that a muse wakes up in the soul and you want to create, namely to draw, and even try to do it in an unusual technique for yourself. I think that many people like to splash their emotions onto the canvas, but not everyone does it with oil paints. But in vain. Oil paints have a number of advantages, and any beginner, having connected his imagination, will be able to draw a wonderful picture.

Today I propose to consider what equipment is needed for oil painting. The set, in principle, is standard, as for many techniques. But everywhere there are nuances.

1. Paints

Oil paints are standard, they work with a thinner, and they are water-soluble. They differ only in that a special liquid is added to the latter, which allows water and oil to interact. For many artists, this type of oil paint is wild. But it's actually a very good alternative for those who don't want to deal with thinners.

It is important to know what oil paints are made of. Usually it is a pigment, oil and turpentine. Pigments are natural and synthetic, of course, depending on the type, both the price and the color saturation vary. Oil also has its own varieties - walnut, linseed, hemp, soflor and poppy.

It is best for beginners to choose synthetic ones in order to try themselves in this technique and see if things go any further.

2. Brushes

This item is one of the most important. This is the ideal tool for the perfect expression of the author's ideas and the texture of the picture. It depends on the brush whether the paint will lay down as it should, whether you can highlight small parts and make the picture deeper, more alive.

What material are the brushes made of?

- made of synthetic fiber;

- from natural fibers (coarse pig bristles, as well as from fur animals such as sable).

Natural brushes are relatively expensive. But their quality speaks for itself - the brush retains its shape with the typed paint and takes exactly the same after strokes.

What shape are the cysts:

– flat brushes- the length is greater than the width, have a rectangular shape. When viewed from the side, they look flat. They are the most practical: you can make a wide, triangular stroke when twisting and a narrow line. It is also the main brush for mixing paints.

– semicircular flat- brushes that were originally made round, and then became flattened. They allow you to control the accuracy of the contour if its shape is unusual and irregular.

– retouching- a flat brush with a tip cut at an angle. Usually made from synthetic fibers. Used for color plans, sketches, as they make clear sharp corners. They do an excellent job with color transitions, making them less rough.

– fan- also flat, have a not very thick beam similar to a fan. Necessary for creating subtle color stretches, can be used to reduce the contrast between contours and texture.

– "cat tongue"- a flat brush of a domed or oval shape. Can be written as normal flat brush, and in a perpendicular position to the surface - as round. The leader among brushes in transitions from one color to another.

– stencil- the tip of the nose of such a brush is blunt and flat, and strokes must be applied to the canvas with vertical strokes.

– linear- a variation of round brushes with a thin and long hair. Ideal for fine lines, long strokes and lettering.

3. Palette

The palette is an important thing for the artist, they mix paints in it and get new ones. desired colors. You can hold it in your hand or place it next to the table, whichever is more convenient. Available in three variations - glass, plexiglass (plexiglass) or wood.

It must be remembered that the care of the palette depends on the material from which it is made. Before use, the wooden palette must be rubbed with linseed oil and wiped dry. Rinse immediately after use, rub with oil and wipe again.

Glass is easier to use - it is not necessary to remove paint residues immediately after painting, as they are peeled off from it even when dried.

It is also advisable to clean the plexiglass palette immediately, failure to follow this rule will lead to the fact that you can scratch the material, trying to separate the dried paint from it.

4. Thinner

This liquid is needed in order to make the paints less thick for a comfortable process.

Usually one of three is used - linseed oil, petroleum or a tee. Petroleum will become indispensable for allergy sufferers, as well as those who simply cannot tolerate strong odors, since this liquid does not have it.

5. Canvas

Actually the material on which the artist paints a picture. Nowadays there is a huge variety of canvases that can puzzle and confuse any beginner. But don't be afraid. In fact, everything is simple - they are usually made from linen or cotton. It is the property of the material that gives them graininess, there are fine-grained, medium-grained, coarse-grained.

If you need to clearly draw every detail, it is better to purchase a fine-grained canvas, this type also allows you to make smooth transitions from one color to another. If you decide to paint with large strokes and simply draw the contours of objects, coarse-grained and medium-grained canvases will do.

Canvases are also sold on cardboard or immediately in a stretcher, which greatly simplifies the process of turning an ordinary painting into a painting attached to the wall.

6. Paint remover for brushes

It must be remembered that after the drawing process, it is necessary to thoroughly clean not only the palette, but also the brushes. Timely care of this important tool will ensure your next painting session.

To do this, you can buy a solvent white spirit for oil paints, or do it with the solvent with which you diluted the paints. In addition, the label of the tube of paint may indicate how exactly it needs to be dissolved.

7. Bowl for washing brushes

You can either buy a special small bucket for this work in the artist’s shop, or take what is at hand: a small jar, or an old unnecessary cup.

8. Great mood

The paintings that the artist draws always come from the soul. This process is mysterious and beautiful. To paint means to belong to oneself and to the whole world at the same time. Therefore, be sure to approach this wonderful activity with good mood, relaxed, spiritualized. And then you will get a result that will conquer any imagination.

Create and be happy!

The development of creative thinking in a child begins almost from birth. Creativity and speech are inextricably linked. And the sooner parents give their baby colored pencils, paints and paper, the more harmonious the formation of personality will be.

Drawing is a fascinating and educational process. Children show interest in multi-colored jars of paints early. And the moment when a multi-colored trace remains from touching a white sheet causes them delight and bewilderment.

Online stores offer a variety of products for creativity. How to choose safe paints? After all, small children learn the world not only by touch, but also by taste. With what colors is it better to start introducing a child to the world of painting? What colors work best?

Paints are different

You can safely give paints to a child from the moment he learned to sit confidently. The main thing is to look after young artist. How older child, the more colors should appear in the palette. First, he will draw with his fingers. As he grows up and acquires new skills, he will learn to hold a brush, will create more and more complex and meaningful drawings.

Paints for children are of the following types:

• finger;
• gouache;
• acrylic;
• oil.

Finger paints are recommended to be given from an early age. They were designed just for the little ones. The kid still cannot hold the brush correctly, dip it into the paint, draw accurately on paper. With finger paints, everything is simple. Dip your fingers and apply to the paper. These paints develop fine motor skills and creative thinking. Colors have a bitter taste. This is done on purpose, having tasted them, the baby will not want to eat them. They have a viscous consistency, do not drain from the fingers and mix well. Dyes and food additives.

Gouache can be bought for a child as soon as he learns to hold a brush. These paints are used in the classroom in kindergarten and in the lower grades. Thick consistency allows you to draw on paper, wood, glass and other surfaces. When a child learns to work with this type of paint, you can add a palette to the work. It is convenient to mix paints and get new shades. For the manufacture of gouache, natural and chemical dyes are used. They are inedible. If the child suddenly tastes them, there is no need to panic. Paints are non-toxic.

Watercolor paints have a wide range of colors. Watercolors are best bought for older children, from 6-7 years old. Working with them requires certain skills. The child must confidently use the brush, control the force of pressure, understand how to dilute the paints with water. Watercolor is water-based paint. It fits well on paper and wood. For full-fledged work with such paints, you need a palette.

Creativity is an opportunity to know yourself and the world. During the creative processes, a person develops many useful skills from fine motor skills to the ability to concentrate. Sets for creativity and hobbies are exciting educational games not only for children, but also for adults. They will help unite the family, or, conversely, give parents the opportunity to be in silence, enjoying peace. While the child is creating, he is “safe” for the interior of the apartment, pets and, most importantly, for himself.