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An open lesson on the Day of National Unity: Minin and Pozharsky are role models. Shakhovskaya secondary school at iwu Museum lesson dedicated to the day of national unity

Explanatory note All-Russian lesson dedicated to the Day national unity, pursues the following goals: - fostering a sense of civic responsibility, patriotism, pride and involvement in the history of the country; - fostering a sense of duty to the Motherland and respect for public holidays in Russia; - familiarization of students with the history of the holiday "Day of National Unity". Objectives: To familiarize students with historical roots holiday dedicated to the day of national unity; - To promote moral and patriotic education on the examples of the heroes of the People's Militia of 1611 - 1612; Raise in children the joy that we were born and live in Russia, the desire to become heirs glorious traditions Russian history

Equipment: computer, projector, screen, computer presentation.

move class hour

I. Org. moment

We start again

walk through history.

Try to understand everything

Learn about your country.

II. introduction teachers.

Slides 1-5

There is a slide show, the teacher reads a poem by S. Vasiliev by heart.

Russia is like a word from a song.

Birch young foliage.

Surrounded by forests, fields and rivers.

Expanse, Russian soul.

I love you my Russia

For the clear light of your eyes,

I love, I understand with all my heart

Steppes mysterious sadness.

I love everything they call

In one broad word - Rus'.

Teacher. - What is this poem about? (about homeland)

What feelings did this poem evoke in you?

(A feeling of triumph and pride in their homeland - Russia, for its mighty and glorious people.)

It is very important for everyone to know the history of their Motherland. History is the memory of the people about who we are, where are our roots, what is our path? The most important thing in studying the historical past of your Motherland is to learn to love it. And Russian people tend to love native land where they were born and raised. From time immemorial, this love has been manifested in their readiness to defend, not sparing their lives, their Fatherland from enemies.

Our great motherland has a glorious eventful heroic story. For centuries, the people of our country had to fight with numerous, strong and cruel enemies in order to defend the freedom and independence of their homeland.

The bell rings and the teacher reads the poem:

DAY OF NATIONAL UNITY

Don't argue with history

WITH live history,

She unites

For feat and work

One state

When the people are one

When great power

He moves forward.

He defeats the enemy

United in battle

And Rus' liberates

And he sacrifices himself.

For the glory of those heroes

We live with the same destiny

Today is Unity Day

We celebrate with you!

National Unity Day.

Guys, do you know what historical events this holiday is associated with?

In the 17th century, 4 centuries ago, Russia began Time of Troubles. Tsar Ivan the Terrible died. The eldest son was unable to reign, and the youngest, Dmitry, died under mysterious circumstances while playing with a knife. Without a king, as without a master in the house, disorder immediately began. And as the people say: trouble has come, open the gate. Immediately 2 years in a row there were lean years, and famine began. Many wanted to take the Russian throne in these difficult years for everyone. And even foreigners, Poles and Swedes, fraudulently wanted to put false kings on the throne. That's what they were called: False Dmitry-I and False Dmitry-II. Robberies and robberies began in Russia, and there was no one to put things in order. So our country was ruined, and the Poles captured it. whole year the impostor False Dmitry I reigned, but he failed to deceive the Russian people, he was exposed and killed. But order in the country was never established, which is why there was no unity in the country. Soon another impostor, False Dmitry II, appeared. And people did not know what to do and whom to believe. Enemies continued to seize Russian lands, devastate the country, and humiliate people.

But always, when the Motherland is in danger, there are heroic people to save it.

The merchant Kozma Minin and the governor Dmitry Pozharsky gathered the people's militia. The Monk Irinarkh the Recluse of Borisoglebsky blessed Minin and Pozharsky for the holy cause - the expulsion of the invaders. The people's militia had to go a long way to Moscow; for a whole year they liberated the Russian lands captured by the Poles and Swedes. Everyone helped as much as they could, they also joined the ranks of the militias.

They liberated Moscow from the interventionists in 1612. They defeated the enemy because they were together, because they defended their homeland, they did not want to lose it.

We won thanks to the intercession of the icon of Kazan Mother of God.

In Russia, they chose a new tsar, Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov. And there was peace and tranquility in the country. A monument was erected to the heroes-liberators Minin and Pozharsky with the money collected by the people.

The history of Russia teaches us: apart, one by one you cannot do what can be done together.

So it happens in life: one plant a tree, and all together - a garden; one will have time to lay only a brick, and for those who set to work together, the house is already ready!

Friendship unites people and nations. Together they live happily.

We must not forget the lessons of history: Russia is strong only when it is united!

That is why our country has such an important holiday - National Unity Day.

1. Motherland and unity ... Such deep meaning laid down in this holiday.

Russia has been tested many times, experienced times of chaos, hostility and anarchy more than once. When the country weakened, neighbors attacked it, trying to conquer the lands and enslave our people. We called these times troubled, and also bloody. But the country rose again and again from the ashes. After each tragedy, she only became stronger at the envy of her enemies.

2. A holiday dedicated to the Day of National Unity. This is not only a celebration of the expulsion of interventionists who carry values alien to us, it is a celebration of friendship and unification, a celebration of love and harmony, faith that God is in truth, and not in power. Remember the slogan of the winners: stick together, love and help each other, be able to sincerely forgive the offender.

Let's all stand up, join hands and together say this chant:

The main thing is together!

We do not need indifference!

Anger, resentment drive away!

And now together we will sing a song about kindness and friendship.

sl. M.Plyatskovsky

music E.Ptichkina

Thin threads wrapped around the earth:

Threads of parallels and green rivers,

Every person must believe in friendship,

Do a miracle - stretch out your hand,

Everyone needs to believe in friendship.

Warm with a word, caress with a look,

Even the snow melts from a funny joke,

An unfamiliar, gloomy person will smile,

It's so wonderful to be next to you

An unfamiliar, gloomy person will smile.

It was not in vain that we dreamed of a magical miracle,

Let the almighty century circle the planet,

Perform a miracle - let it go out to people,

Let a man come out, let a man come out into the people.

Remember, guys, this feeling of unity and keep it for life. Be worthy of your glorious ancestors.

Slides 7-8

Motherland and unity... Tell us, how do you understand these words? (answer)

What do you think, what does the Day of National Unity call us to do?

(Toward the unity of Russians. After all, it is precisely in unity, in the unity of the people, that the strength of Russia.

But how do we know all this?

That's right, history! Russia has been tested many times, experienced times of chaos, hostility and anarchy more than once. When the country weakened, neighbors attacked it, hurrying to snatch a bigger piece, but fatter. However, the most plausible pretexts can always be found for robbery and robbery. We called these times troubled, and also bloody. Internal and external storms shook the country to its very foundations, so much so that not only the rulers changed, but also the forms of government themselves. But the country rose again and again from the ashes. After each tragedy, she only became stronger at the envy of her enemies.

slide 9-10

Now fast forward 400 years to early XVII century, when the Great Troubles began in Russia. This was the name given to the alarming time of crop failures, famine, unrest and uprisings. Taking advantage of this, the troops of the Polish and Swedish kings invaded the Russian lands. Soon the Poles were in Moscow. Mortal danger hung over the country. Polish troops burned the Russian state, ruined, killed people. Sighs and cries were heard all around.

Then the patience of the people came to an end. The Russian people decided to unite into one whole for expulsion from native land enemies.

Slide 11 - 14

A huge crowd filled the Cathedral Square in Nizhny Novgorod. The people did not disperse for a long time, as if they were waiting for something. Then the elected chief of the townspeople climbed onto the empty barrel. Headman Kuzma Minin.

Brothers! We will not regret anything! - said the headman.

We will give everything we have to save the Motherland.

Pulling from his bosom a purse full of money, he immediately poured it into a bucket standing next to him. Here, all the people from the square began to throw money, jewelry. Residents began to demolish everything they have, what they have accumulated in their lives. And whoever had nothing, he took off his copper cross and gave it to the common cause. It was necessary to have a lot of money in order to gather a large and strong army, arm it and feed the soldiers.

slide 15-16

Soon a great force gathered. They began to think who to call as leaders. We settled on Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky. Pozharsky was a capable, intelligent military leader, an honest and fair man. The prince agreed to lead the troops, but on the condition that Minin would manage the militia and its treasury.

According to legend, Sergius of Radonezh blessed Prince Dmitry Pozharsky to lead the army and fight against enemies.

A miraculous image was sent from Kazan to the militia, which was headed by Prince Pozharsky Holy Mother of God. Knowing that the disaster was allowed for sins, all the people and the militia imposed a three-day fast on themselves and with prayer turned to the Lord and His Most Pure Mother for heavenly help. And the prayer was heard.

The celebration, November 4, of the Most Holy Theotokos, in honor of Her icon, called "Kazan", was established on this day in gratitude for the deliverance of Moscow and all of Russia from the invasion of the Poles in 1612.

The army led by Dmitry Pozharsky moved to Moscow and grew by leaps and bounds along the way. People flocked from everywhere.

The whole Russian land stood up against the invaders and traitors. The battles for Moscow began. Prince Pozharsky turned out to be a talented commander. And Kozma Minin, not sparing his life, fought under the walls of the capital, like a simple warrior.

Pozharsky besieged Moscow for two months. Soon the Poles surrendered, Pozharsky triumphantly entered the city.

On November 4 (October 22, old style), 1612, the enemy army surrendered to the mercy of the victors, the militia led by Minin and Pozharsky took Kitai-gorod. Moscow was liberated.

Here are the real heroes. They managed to unite the people around the idea of serving the Fatherland.

Slide 21 - 22

When it came peacetime, the new tsar generously rewarded Minin and Pozharsky. But the best reward was the memory of the people. not without reason bronze monument it stands on Red Square - in the very heart of Russia with the inscription: "Grateful Russia to Citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky"

There is also a monument erected in Nizhny Novgorod.

In memory of the liberation of Moscow from the Poles, the Kazan Cathedral was built in Moscow with the money of D. Pozharsky, in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.

Prepared student reads a poem

Gone to history of the year,

Kings have changed and nations

But the time is troubled, adversity

Rus' will never forget!

A line is written in victory,

And praise the verse former heroes,

Defeated the people of outcast enemies,

Found freedom forever!

And Rus' rose from its knees

In hands with an icon before the battle,

Blessed by prayer

To the sound of coming changes.

Villages, villages, cities

With respect to the Russian people

Celebrate freedom today

And Unity Day forever!

III. Summing up the conversation.

What misfortune befell Rus' in those years? (answer)

Who called on the Russian people to unite to protect their homeland? (answer)

Who led the Russian army? (answer)

Tell me, guys, do you know how the Russians thanked the militia heroes? (answer)

Can it be argued that the people passionately love their homeland? What words and deeds show this? (answer)

How did you imagine the image of Kuzma Minin? (answer)

Make a conclusion about the character traits of Minin and Pozharsky by choosing the right words.

whiteboard writing

Calm, balanced, resolute, brave, disinterested, strong, responsible, selflessly devoted to the Motherland and loving her, selfless, courageous, steadfast, authoritative, sacrificial, able to inspire people and lead them along.

slide 24-25

Holiday DAY OF NATIONAL UNITY - a tribute of deep respect to those significant pages national history when patriotism and citizenship helped our people unite and defend the country from invaders. To overcome the times of anarchy and strengthen the Russian state.

November 4 is the day of Russia's salvation from the greatest danger that has ever threatened her;

IV. creative project

What is another name for this holiday?

On this day, we help the unfortunate and the needy, that is, we do charity work. And that means what are we doing? (answer)

What is the name of this day. (Day of good deeds.)

And what can each of you do for those who need help and support.

1. "Clean city" (cleaning the territory kindergarten, beautification of obelisks, monuments).

2. "Let's help the children" (collection of children's books, toys for the pupils of the Orphanage).

3. "Hurry to do good deeds" (help for the elderly, the disabled, war and labor veterans, the sick, the lonely).

In conclusion, let's join hands and all together say a little chant:

The main thing is together!

The main thing - with a burning heart in the chest!

We do not need indifference!

Anger, resentment drive away!

Remember this feeling of unity and keep it for life. Be worthy of your glorious ancestors. All the best!

Reading by heart a poem by Natalia Maidanik.

DRAFT

On Unity Day we will be near,

Let's be together forever

All nationalities of Russia

In distant villages, cities!

Live, work, build together,

Sow bread, raise children,

Create, love and argue,

Keep the peace of the people

Honor the ancestors, remember their deeds,

Avoid wars and conflicts

To happiness fill life,

To sleep under a peaceful sky!

Teacher: Thank you all for sharing.

Back forward

Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested this work please download the full version.

Target:

to form a sense of citizenship and patriotism;
to form responsibility for the fate of the Motherland;
give a general idea of the history of the holiday and the events associated with 1612;
broaden the horizons of students;
develop the ability to draw conclusions, generalize;
to promote the development of the ability to participate in a dialogue, to defend one's point of view;
to cultivate interest in studying the history of their country, a sense of pride and respect for the defenders of the state.

Equipment: computer, projector, screen, computer presentation.

Class hour progress

I. Org. moment

We start again
walk through history.
Try to understand everything
Learn about your country.

II. Introduction by the teacher.

Slides 1-5

There is a slide show, the teacher reads a poem by S. Vasiliev by heart.

Russia is like a word from a song.
Birch young foliage.
Surrounded by forests, fields and rivers.
Expanse, Russian soul.
I love you my Russia
For the clear light of your eyes,
For the mind, for the deeds of the saints,
For a voice resonant like a stream,
I love, I understand with all my heart
Steppes mysterious sadness.
I love everything they call
In one broad word - Rus'.

Teacher. - What is this poem about? (about homeland)

What feelings did this poem evoke in you?

(A feeling of triumph and pride in their homeland - Russia, for its mighty and glorious people.)

It is very important for everyone to know the history of their Motherland. History is the memory of the people about who we are, where are our roots, what is our path? The most important thing in studying the historical past of your Motherland is to learn to love it. And Russian people are characterized by love for their native land, where they were born and raised. From time immemorial, this love has been manifested in their readiness to defend, not sparing their lives, their Fatherland from enemies.

Our great Motherland has a glorious and eventful heroic history. For centuries, the people of our country had to fight with numerous, strong and cruel enemies in order to defend the freedom and independence of their homeland.

slide 6

The bell rings and the teacher reads the poem:

DAY OF NATIONAL UNITY

Don't argue with history
Live with history
She unites
For feat and work
One state
When the people are one
When with great power
He moves forward.
He defeats the enemy
United in battle
And Rus' liberates
And he sacrifices himself.
For the glory of those heroes
We live with the same destiny
Today is Unity Day
We celebrate with you!

National Unity Day.

Slides 7-8

Motherland and unity... Tell us, how do you understand these words? (answer)

What do you think, what does the Day of National Unity call us to do?

(Toward the unity of Russians. After all, it is precisely in unity, in the unity of the people, that the strength of Russia.

But how do we know all this?

slide 9-10

And now let's fast forward 400 years back to the beginning of the 17th century, when the Great Troubles began in Russia. This was the name given to the alarming time of crop failures, famine, unrest and uprisings. Taking advantage of this, the troops of the Polish and Swedish kings invaded the Russian lands. Soon the Poles were in Moscow. Mortal danger hung over the country. Polish troops burned the Russian state, ruined, killed people. Sighs and cries were heard all around.

Then the patience of the people came to an end. The Russian people decided to unite into one whole to expel enemies from their native land.

Slide 11 - 14

Brothers! We will not regret anything! - said the headman.

We will give everything we have to save the Motherland.

slide 15-16

According to legend, Sergius of Radonezh blessed Prince Dmitry Pozharsky to lead the army and fight against enemies.

The miraculous image of the Most Holy Theotokos was sent from Kazan to the militia, which was headed by Prince Pozharsky. Knowing that the disaster was allowed for sins, all the people and the militia imposed a three-day fast on themselves and with prayer turned to the Lord and His Most Pure Mother for heavenly help. And the prayer was heard.

The army led by Dmitry Pozharsky moved to Moscow and grew by leaps and bounds along the way. People flocked from everywhere.

Pozharsky besieged Moscow for two months. Soon the Poles surrendered, Pozharsky triumphantly entered the city.

On November 4 (October 22, old style), 1612, the enemy army surrendered to the mercy of the victors, the militia led by Minin and Pozharsky took Kitai-gorod. Moscow was liberated.

Slide 20

Here are the real heroes. They managed to unite the people around the idea of serving the Fatherland.

Slide 21 - 22

When peacetime came, the new tsar generously rewarded Minin and Pozharsky. But the best reward was the memory of the people. It is not for nothing that a bronze monument to them stands on Red Square - in the very heart of Russia with the inscription: “Grateful Russia to Citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky”

And such a monument was erected in Nizhny Novgorod.

In memory of the liberation of Moscow from the Poles, the Kazan Cathedral was built in Moscow with the money of D. Pozharsky, in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.

Prepared student reads a poem

Gone in the history of the year
Kings have changed and nations
But the time is troubled, adversity
Rus' will never forget!

A line is written in victory,
And praises the verse of former heroes,
Defeated the people of outcast enemies,
Found freedom forever!

And Rus' rose from its knees
In hands with an icon before the battle,
Blessed by prayer
To the sound of coming changes.

Villages, villages, cities
With respect to the Russian people
Celebrate freedom today
And Unity Day forever!

III. Summing up the conversation.

What misfortune befell Rus' in those years? (answer)

Who called on the Russian people to unite to protect their homeland? (answer)

Who led the Russian army? (answer)

Tell me, guys, do you know how the Russians thanked the militia heroes? (answer)

Can it be argued that the people passionately love their homeland? What words and deeds show this? (answer)

How did you imagine the image of Kuzma Minin? (answer)

Make a conclusion about the character traits of Minin and Pozharsky by choosing the right words.

whiteboard writing

slide 24-25

The holiday DAY OF NATIONAL UNITY is a tribute of deep respect to those significant pages of national history, when patriotism and citizenship helped our people to unite and protect the country from invaders. To overcome the times of anarchy and strengthen the Russian state.

November 4 is the day salvation of Russia from the greatest danger that ever threatened her;

IV. creative project

What is another name for this holiday?

On this day, we help the unfortunate and the needy, that is, we do charity work. And that means what are we doing? (answer)

What is the name of this day. ( Good Deeds Day.)

And what can each of you do for those who need help and support.

1. "Clean city" (cleaning the territory of the kindergarten, improvement of obelisks, monuments).

2. "Let's help the children" (collection of children's books, toys for the pupils of the Orphanage).

3. "Hurry to do good deeds" (help for the elderly, the disabled, war and labor veterans, the sick, the lonely).

In conclusion, let's join hands and all together say a little chant:

The main thing is together!
The main thing is together!
The main thing - with a burning heart in the chest!
We do not need indifference!
Anger, resentment drive away!

Remember this feeling of unity and keep it for life. Be worthy of your glorious ancestors. All the best!

Reading by heart a poem by Natalia Maidanik.

On Unity Day we will be near,
Let's be together forever
All nationalities of Russia
In distant villages, cities!

Live, work, build together,
Sow bread, raise children,
Create, love and argue,
Keep the peace of the people

Honor the ancestors, remember their deeds,
Avoid wars and conflicts
To fill life with happiness
To sleep under a peaceful sky!

Teacher: Thank you all for sharing.

"
Lesson form: oral journal, lesson-journey through the pages of Russian history.
Lesson Objective: Learn about holidays 4 th november.

Educational: to acquaint with the content line of the holiday on the Day of the Only Begotten Unity, with the history of the appearance of the Kazan icon of the Virgin, the holy warriors Al. Nevsky, F. Ushakov, John the Russian;
Educational: to continue to cultivate in children a sense of patriotism, a desire to learn new things about the history of their homeland, to empathize with the joy of returning the holiday to the old tradition, to see in the personalities of the saints an example to follow;
Developing: acquaintance with new works of art for children of literature, fine arts, sculpture, icon painting, music
Equipment: piano, multimedia projector, microphones; presentations for the lesson on the pages: "Sing about Russia, what to strive for the temple ...", "Russia - the House of the Blessed Virgin", "On the appearance of the image of the Kazan Mother of God." “Day of National Unity”, “Soldiers, brave children”, an illustrative series for the beginning of the lesson (a selection of video files), for the story of John the Russian, a presentation by the student “Admiral F. Ushakov ...”; audio (mp3) with bell ringing, "Ivan Susanin's answer to the Poles" from the opera "Life for the Tsar" by M.I. Glinka, "Soldiers, brave children" backing track. For the first page of the lesson: G.V. Sviridov to the verses by I. Severyanin “Sing about Russia, what to strive for the temple”, verses by V.A. Zhukovsky, N.M. Rubtsov “Russia, Rus' - wherever I look ...”, Workbook for 4th grade in music.

Bell ringing, which is accompanied by photographic material with views of the temples of Nizhny. Novgorod, Moscow, Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, Moscow, St. rights. John the Russian and our school.

Teacher. Good afternoon guys, Dear colleagues, Dear guests!
Today we are holding holiday lesson. You all heard confirmation of my words at the beginning of the lesson. Who guessed what this confirmation is?

Children. Bell ringing, which happens on holidays in temples.

U. On November 4, 2005, the State holiday "Day of National Unity" appeared in Russia. And today we have gathered to learn about the origins of this holiday, about the famous Christian ascetics and their standing for the faith, for the Truth.
Our holiday lesson will take the form of an oral journal, which has several pages. Leafing through them, you and I, guys, will remember the familiar, hear something new from the history of our Motherland.
The lesson will be accompanied by samples of Orthodox culture in the field of religious, fine arts, musical art, in the field of Russian literature.
I invited children from the 5th and 6th grades to join us, who willingly agreed to take part in our lesson.

First page of the lesson. A small concert dedicated to Russia

U. tells that in the Russian Orthodox tradition Russia has long been called the House of the Most Holy Theotokos, and one of our favorite holidays is the feast of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos. Shows files with images of the icons of the Virgin, in which children recognize familiar Images.
- November 4, yesterday, in the Orthodox tradition, the celebration of which icon was celebrated in Russia?
D. Yesterday was the feast of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God.
U. gives the floor to a student who tells about the miraculous appearance of the Kazan Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos. (The story is accompanied by illustrative material)
U. A musical riddle will preface our next page of the lesson.

U. Who is this person? What kind of music is playing? Q Recall the century and year in which these events occurred.
D. Ivan Susanin. He saved the future Russian Tsar, Mikhail Fedorovich. Opera "Life for the Tsar". Its other name is "Ivan Susanin" The events took place in 1621, i.e. 17th century.

U. Opens the next (third) page of the lesson " National Unity Day»

U. Your classmates will tell us about the strength of the spirit of Russian warriors, strong faith, relentless standing for the Truth.

Two Presentations of fourth grade students. About F. Ushakov and the holy righteous John the Russian.

Lesson summary

U. Did you like the lesson? Did you learn a lot? What event was our lesson about? With the appearance of what icon is this holiday closely connected? What historical significant personalities of Russian history did we talk about today?
D. Answer.
U. Thanks the guys who spoke and everyone for the excellent work in the lesson.

The lesson ends with the ringing of bells.

On the eve of National Unity Day, open lessons were held in a number of Russian cities.

In the schools of Volgograd, students talked about the unity of the peoples inhabiting the country. The participants in the conversation "Slavic unity: the history of peoples - the history mother tongue"Seventh grade schoolchildren, representatives of the" Slavic Club "at the Museum of the History of the Russian Language named after Trubachev, Cossack folk song groups "Poteshka" and "Zlatitsa" became.

Thematic open lessons are held in the schools of the Amur Region on the topics: "Strength is in unity", "Let's leaf through the pages of the history of our Fatherland", "And united Rus' arose", "Protectors of the Russian land", "We are the children of Russia".

On November 2, St. Petersburg hosted master classes for children and parents as part of the Academy of Talents festival. The participants knitted intricate Chinese knots, danced the Buryat round dance, tried to play the Khakass folk instruments chatkhana and khomus and on Scottish marching drums, they made home decorations in Russian folk traditions, folded origami in the form of a crane - a "symbol of peace".

After the master classes, a festive concert took place, in which the best folklore dance and vocal ensembles Petersburg and creative teams national-cultural associations of the city.

An open lesson dedicated to the Day of National Unity was held at Lyceum No. 200 in Novosibirsk by Acting Governor Andrei Travnikov. He reminded the children about the history of the holiday, when in 1612 the united people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky managed to drive the Polish-Lithuanian invaders from the territory of our state.

Presidential Commissioner for Children's Rights Anna Kuznetsova took part in an open lesson held at the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk on the eve of National Unity Day. Before the lesson, the Ombudsman and the children had a tour of the temple. Archpriest Vasily Ivanov, the church's dean, spoke about the peculiarities of the structure of the cathedral, its murals and further landscaping. He also showed how the bells could be controlled by a computer.

"I'm waiting for my return home to complete the tasks for several children on Sakhalin - I really hope that in the near future it will be possible to make sure that they end up in families, return back from different institutions," Kuznetsova admitted.

Another problem for children in Sakhalin, the Ombudsman called the inability to get treatment on time due to the removal of the region. At the same time, she noted the role of Internet resources, for example, in providing psychological assistance.

On November 4, Russia celebrates National Unity Day. The holiday was established in memory of the events of 1612, when an uprising led by Minin and Pozharsky liberated the Kremlin and Moscow from the Poles. This year, Russians celebrate the holiday for the twelfth time.

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Open lesson for grades 5-11

Subject. National Unity Day.

Methodical development

Open lesson for classrooms

leaders.

Artist: history teacher

Olkhovskaya high school

Chernyshova S. A.

Open class theme. National Unity Day.

Goals:

Formation and development of a personality with the qualities of a patriotic citizen.

Education of patriotic feelings of students by examples historical events, on the example of the unification of the people's patriotic forces to expel the invaders from the Russian lands in the beginning. 17th century.

moral education.

Maps on the history of the Fatherland: “Time of Troubles in Russia at the beginning. 17th century”, “Polish-Swedish intervention and the liberation of Moscow in 1612”.

Presentation open lesson"Day of National Unity".

Lesson type:

Explanatory-illustrative (If desired, the teacher can distribute the lecture part to the most prepared children.) with elements creative work students.

Class plan:

Organizing time. Entry into the lesson.

Lecture. Presentation.

Creative work of children in groups. Traditions and symbols of the holiday.

4. Conclusion.

Announcement of the topic and purpose of the lesson. Questions to children: What do you think the name of this holiday means, what kind of holiday it is? (Your own options for questions can be offered, and then fragments of the beginning of the presentation can be presented).

Beginning of the presentation.

October 22 (November 4, according to a new style), 1612 - Day of the liberation of Moscow by the forces of the people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky

November 4 is a national holiday in the Russian Federation - the Day of National Unity, which was first celebrated in 2005.

Nationality is an expression of love for the Fatherland. National Unity Day is a day of expressing love for one's Fatherland, realizing oneself as a part of a great people and readiness to sacrifice oneself at any moment for the sake of saving one's Fatherland.

P.2. Lecture using maps and presentation fragments.

Words of the teacher: "Today we have to get acquainted with the history of the origin of this holiday."

With the death of the first Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible in 1584, an almost thirty-year period of the Time of Troubles began. Troubles began with popular unrest associated with the great famine at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. For two summers in a row there was extraordinary weather, in the summer of 1601 at first there were torrential rains, cold rains, in July it snowed, and from August snowfalls began. We rode in sledges like in the middle of winter. Fires were lit in the fields to save the unripe ears, but this did little to help. It wouldn't be so tragic if next year was fruitful. But nature again "confused". Spring, as it should be, began with warmth, winter crops grew rapidly, but, like last year, frosts “great and terrible” broke out, followed by a dry and hot summer. Weeds reigned in the fields instead of bread. In the third year in 1603, nature did not "revolt", but there was nothing to sow. Hunger has begun. They ate everything: cats, mice, chaff and hay, manure and roots. And the worst thing that has never happened in Rus' is cannibalism.

People were dying of hunger right on the streets. In Moscow, only 127 thousand people were buried in three mass graves, mostly those who came to the capital in the hope of salvation. Muscovites, as a rule, were buried in church cemeteries. Contemporaries believed that a third of the kingdom of Moscow had died out.

Crowds of people walked along the roads, gangs of robbers gathered. Usual life state was violated by rebellious strife, unrest, unrest. As before, tsars were crowned in the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin, but they did not remain on the throne for long. After the death in 1598 of the childless Fyodor and in May 1591 of Tsarevich Dmitry, the Rurik dynasty came to an end. The commission that investigated the circumstances of the death of the latter concluded that the death was due to an accident. But in troubled times, another version appeared: the prince was killed by people sent by Boris Godunov. Events responded with tragedy 10 years later: False Dmitry appeared, who announced that he was Tsarevich Dmitry, who had escaped death and with his accession to the country order would come. The Polish princes, who were not satisfied with the peace with Russia, decided to take the opportunity and help False Dmitry ascend the throne of Moscow. In exchange for support, False Dmitry agreed to fulfill a number of conditions. He promised the Polish nobleman Mniszek a million zlotys and marry his daughter Marina, as well as transfer Pskov and Novgorod to her, the Polish king - Part of the Russian lands and convert Rus' to Catholicism.

In the autumn of 1604, the army of False Dmitry (about 2 thousand mercenaries) invaded Russia and, relying on B. Godunov, who were dissatisfied with the policy, quickly advanced towards Moscow by hunger. By 1605, after the death of B. Godunov, the way to Moscow was free. On June 20, 1605, False Dmitry1 entered Moscow. On 21.07.1605 he was crowned in the Assumption Cathedral. But already in February 1606, the ambassadors of King Sigismund came to Moscow with territorial claims. The willfulness of the Pole in Moscow has become main reason conspiracy, as a result of which False Dmitry was killed, and Vasily Shuisky was shouted out by the king

The inglorious reign of V. Shuisky began. By the autumn of 1611, Russia ceased to exist as a single state. A significant part of the territories was captured by the Poles, numerous impostors acted in the south, Novgorod land came under the rule of Sweden.

Deadly danger forced citizens to forget their personal troubles and rise to the defense of the Fatherland. Patriarch Hermogenes became the banner in this struggle. He called on all people to rise up to fight for Orthodox faith, for the Russian land. From Moscow captured by the Poles, he sent out his letters of appeal. His last letter was an appeal to the people of Nizhny Novgorod. The Poles starved the patriarch to death, but it was no longer possible to stop the people who had risen to fight. A powerful patriotic wave, born in Nizhny Novgorod, put the common citizen Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky at the head of the people's movement.

It all started with the fact that the Nizhny Novgorod Zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin had a vision: St. Sergius appeared to him, ordered to collect the "treasury" for military needs and ordered to clean up the Muscovite state. Minin realized that the Lord himself was protecting him, and in the fall of 1611 he turned to the people of Nizhny Novgorod, urging them to sacrifice everything for the liberation of the Russian land. Minin, calling on people for help, said: “Our Faith and Fatherland are perishing, but we can save them. We will not spare our lives and property for the deliverance of Moscow, we will sell our houses, we will mortgage all our property and we will redeem the Fatherland from trouble! Tears flowed down Minin's cheeks, when he uttered these words, the holy fire of love for the Fatherland shone in his eyes. Citizens shouted: "Let's die for Holy Rus'!" All hearts, all souls, all desires united in this cry. It resounded in all the remote places of Russia, it led to one goal, it inspired all its defenders.

Voluntary donations made it possible to form a people's militia. Each gave to the treasury one fifth and even one third of his property. The one who was poorer gave the last, those who had nothing went into bondage. Many cities of the Volga region and other places responded to the call of Nizhny Novgorod to stand up for the liberation of their land. The collection of the new militia was appointed in Yaroslavl. Here the government "Council of the whole Earth" appeared. In the summer of 1612, the militia moved to Moscow. On November 4, according to the new style, it was possible to recapture part of the Moscow-China city. Soon the militia entered the Kremlin, devastated and desecrated by the interventionists. Kuzma Minin walked in front with the icon of the Kazan Mother of God in his hands. Muscovites vigorously celebrated the victory. With the liberation of Moscow from foreigners, the people's militia began the work of liberating the whole country from Polish and Swedish invaders and restoring independence. Russian state

P.3. Creative work.

Teacher's words: “Each holiday has its own symbols. For example, the symbol of the new year is the Christmas tree, the symbol of the holiday celebrated in the USSR on November 7, as a holiday of victory in the revolution, there were red flags that were hung in squares and other public places, the symbol of May 9 was the victory parade on Red Square and the song Victory Day and etc. And each holiday has its own traditions. The still new holiday, the Day of National Unity, has no traditions yet. I suggest that you break into groups (preferably 7 people each) and complete the following tasks: come up with and draw the symbols of this holiday; come up with the traditions of this holiday.

Group work (5-7 min.)

Protecting groups of their proposals (2-3 min.)

Possible options:

Symbols. Monument to Minin and Pozharsky; icon of the Kazan Mother of God, etc.

Traditions. Theatrical performances of various significant historical events ( Battle on the Ice, Battle of Kulikovo, liberation of Moscow from interventionists, etc.); folk festivals (with elements folk games, songs)

P.4. Conclusion.

Discussion of the work of groups. Summarizing.

To the children “What do you think, do we need this holiday. Do we need to remember the events of 1612 and the role played by the people in the liberation of their Fatherland.

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