Rules for adult reading Russian folk tales. Rules for reading fairy tales

Very important is the method of work on the expressiveness of speech, in which the child will be able to correctly, clearly, clearly determine the sequence and correctness in the work.

Recommendations for expressive reading of small folklore genres

purpose lullaby song- reassure the child, stretch the thread of love that connects the mother and child. The lullaby is performed quietly, gently, slightly monotonously, monotonously, but kindness should be heard in the voice. The intonation should be soothing, lulling.

the main objective nursery rhymes- play with the child, cheer him up, cheer him up, teach him to talk fun, give him fun moral lesson. It's fun folk school. The nursery rhyme sets the "scenario" of the game. The main thing in this game is gestures, movement. Gestures are controlled by words: stomp, pull out ... These words must be highlighted. Rhymes can consist of several parts. "Law of repetition" - repetition of words, repetition of the same construction of sentences. The joke should sound like fun.

the main task jokes (fables)- ridicule a bad character trait or show the hero's wit. Its form is dialogue and monologue. The performer must transmit live, colloquial speech, the character of the hero. Dramatization is used. The humor of the situation should be emphasized. The fable is read cheerfully, slyly.

purpose fables- fun to teach a child to distinguish between reality and fantasy, develop imagination. When reading, it is necessary to underline the words denoting an unprecedented action. Pick out the rhythm. Rhyme, play on words. Fables are read cheerfully, with humor.

Mystery teaches intelligence. When reading, it is necessary to highlight the words denoting signs, emphasize the comparison. Read rhythmically, underline the rhyme. In intonation, it is necessary to convey the question hidden in the subtext, even if the riddle is of a narrative nature.

Target Tongue Twisters- to teach children to speak clearly, to overcome difficulties in pronunciation of words mother tongue. The tongue twister is read cheerfully, quickly, in one breath, without pauses. The rhythm is clear. Criteria for assessing tongue speakers: the difficulty of the selected text, the purity and speed of speaking, artistic expressiveness.

Rhythm performed chanted, with an emphasis on the rhythm of the score, cheerfully. It is necessary to emphasize the words indicating the choice: “you drive”, “get out” and others.

Expressive reading of small folklore genres is extremely important for stimulating the child's cognitive attitude to the world. The child constantly has to systematize the phenomenon of reality.

Rules for expressive reading of fairy tales

Fairy tales are one of the favorite works of children. It is very important for the teacher to know the rules of expressive reading of fairy tales in order to interest children:

The tale should be read in a simple, sincere, conversational manner, a little sing-song, so that the child can catch its essence.

The saying is read lively, interested, playful, in order to interest the listener, to evoke emotional feelings, feelings of joy.

The tone of mystery is observed in the beginning and in those places where there are miraculous actions, events, transformations. The voice is muffled, with pauses before episodes that talk about the extraordinary adventures of the heroes. Positive hero needs warm, friendship, affectionate, approving intonation. The voice sounds sympathetic main character suffering, offended. Negative character correspond to dry, hostile intonations that convey condemnation, discontent, indignation.

Comic situations in fairy tales stand out with a playful intonation (cunning, irony in the voice).

After the end of the reading, there is a long pause so that the children can comprehend and prepare for its discussion.

In fairy tales for children, a special charm lies, some secrets of the worldview are revealed. They are in a fairytale narrative on their own. It develops the mind of the child. The heroes of fairy tales become their ideal for children, they strive to imitate them. Fairy tales are very important for children to read.

Rules to make reading aloud fun:

1. Show your child that reading aloud gives you pleasure. Do not mumble, as if giving away a long-boring duty. The child senses this and will lose interest in reading.

2. Show respect for the book. The child must know that this is not a toy. Teach your children to be careful with books. It is desirable to consider it on the table, take with clean hands, turning pages carefully.

3. Keep eye contact with your child while reading.

An adult should stand or sit facing the children so that they can observe facial expressions, eye expressions, gestures, so these forms of expression of feelings complement and enhance the reading experience.

In this way, the child listener feels that the narration is addressed to him, and you can see how your reading makes him feel. You can notice which place in a fairy tale or story the child is most interested in, respectively, this will allow you to fully realize the therapeutic and compensatory function of a work of art.

4. Read to children slowly, but not monotonously, try to convey the music of rhythmic speech. All this enchants the child, he enjoys the melodiousness of the narration, the rhythm of the verse. The role of a reader or storyteller in organizing home reading can hardly be overestimated. It depends on him what kind of atmosphere, what mood he will create, how he will direct the attention of children, activate and calm them down. An adult should subtly feel in what rhythm to read, when to reduce or increase the drama of the situation.

In the process of reading, children should be periodically given the opportunity to talk about their feelings, but sometimes you can ask them to just silently “listen to yourself”. The word “listen” means not only physical hearing, but also the ability to feel, to feel a wide variety of “inner sounds”: from lightness, pleasant warmth, to tingling, a feeling of heaviness, and unpleasant sensations.

5. Play with your voice: read faster, then slower, then loudly, then quietly - depending on the content of the text, trying to convey the character of the characters, as well as a funny or sad situation, but not "overdo it" with your voice. Excessive dramatization prevents the child from reproducing in his imagination the pictures drawn by words.

6. Shorten the text if it is too long, as the child still ceases to perceive what he hears. Briefly retell the ending. However, when retelling, it is important not only to convey the idea and plot, but also to preserve the style of the work. In the process of storytelling, omissions, prolonged pauses are unacceptable. If you're reading a bedtime story, make sure the story has a happy ending.

7. Read fairy tales whenever the child wants to listen to them. It may be boring for adults, but for him it is not.

8. Read aloud every day, make it a favorite family ritual. By all means continue family reading and when the child learns to read.

9. Do not persuade to listen, but "seduce" the child, let him choose the books himself.

10. Right from the start early childhood you need to choose your personal library. Go with your child to the bookstore, library more often. Books should be bought gradually, choosing what interests children, what they understand. Set aside a book repair corner at home. Take the time to help restore the books.

11. Read aloud or retell to your child books that you yourself liked as a child. Before reading a book that is unfamiliar to you, try reading it yourself to direct the child's attention in the right direction.

12. Draw the attention of children to the content of the book, pictures, each time revealing something new, do not tear them away from reading or looking. How to achieve this? All attributes readable texts, any visibility, musical accompaniment can be varied and replaced by others, simplified or complicated.

13. Play with the impressions received by children when listening to a fairy tale: give them the opportunity to act and express their emotions and feelings, their attitude to what they heard.

To do this, you can offer a game-conversation with dolls-characters. They allow you to treat the characters already from your own position, which causes the child to feel sympathy for positive characters and indignation at the actions of negative ones.

The more intense emotional impact fairy tales, the more interesting and varied children's drawings. Experience shows that sometimes, after listening to a fairy tale, children do not know what to draw: they sit in thought in front of clean slate paper, twirling a pencil in their hands, etc. The fact is that the abundance of impressions prevents them from concentrating. In this case, you should not rush the child and even more so scold him. After sitting for a while, he will still get to work and draw what impressed him the most, touched his emotional sphere. Therefore, children's drawings made after listening to a fairy tale contain a lot of information. Looking carefully at them, analyzing their subject matter, content, nature of the image, means of expression, etc., you can find out how children imagine this or that fairy-tale character, which of the heroes of the fairy tale caused them the greatest emotional response, liked the most, why, etc.

Homework for a popular science book:

1. Reading by adults to children about animals that are mentioned in a fairy tale.

2. Drawing by children of any animal they like.

1. Pedagogical value of reading fairy tales.

2. Classification of fairy tales, their genre originality.

3. The specifics of studying fairy tales in elementary grades.

Children's literature- this is what was created by the masters of the word especially for children.

Literature for children's reading– i.e. works read by children.

In children's folklore, it is necessary to distinguish between the works of adults for children, the works of adults that have become children's over time, and children's creativity in the proper sense of the word.

Children's folklore Russian people is unusually rich and diverse. He is represented heroic epic, fairy tales, numerous works of small genres.

Folk tales have long been included in children's reading. Now their unconditional value is recognized, but back in the 20s of our century, some teachers and literary critics denied fairy tales the right to be placed in children's books. Fantastic fiction was identified with superstition and religion. Judgments about the dangers of the tale were combined with a general rejection of the meaning cultural heritage necessary for the aesthetic education of children in a socialist society.

Nihilism and vulgarization in pedagogical science were condemned by the Soviet public. Back in 1934, S. Ya. Marshak said: “Let's take ... a fairy tale. Many of our inhabitants have the idea that the revolution killed the fairy tale. I think this is a misconception."

All the practice of the Soviet pedagogical science, the practice of children's publishing houses has proved the high value and importance of including folk tales in children's books, and especially in books that are introduced to preschoolers.

The most common view fairy tales, which early becomes known to the child, - fairy tales about animals. Animals, birds in them are both similar and not similar to real ones. There is a rooster in boots, carries a scythe on his shoulder and shouts at the top of his voice that the goat should go out of the hare's hut, otherwise it will be hacked to death (“Goat-dereza”). The wolf catches fish - he lowered his tail into the hole and says: “Catch, fish, both small and large! ("The Fox and the Wolf"). The fox informs the black grouse about the new "decree" - the black grouses are not afraid to walk in the meadows, but the black grouse does not believe ("The Fox and the Black Grouse"). It is easy to see implausibility in all these tales: where has it been seen that a rooster walked with a scythe, a wolf caught fish, and a fox persuaded a black grouse to descend to the ground? The child takes fiction for fiction, like an adult, but it attracts him with its unusualness, dissimilarity to what he knows about real birds and animals. Most of all, the children are interested in the story itself: will the dereza goat be expelled from the hare's hut, how will the obvious absurdity of catching fish with its tail end, will the cunning intent of the fox succeed. The most elementary and at the same time the most important ideas - about intelligence and stupidity, about cunning and straightforwardness, about good and evil, about heroism and cowardice, about kindness and greed - fall into the mind and determine the norms of behavior for the child.

Fairy tales affirm the child in right relationship to the world. The grandfather, and the grandmother, and the granddaughter, and the Bug, and the cat are pulling the turnip - pulling, pulling, and not pulling the turnips for them. And only when the mouse came to the rescue, they pulled out a turnip. Of course, capacious artistic sense this ironic tale will become fully understandable little man only when he grows up. Then the fairy tale will turn to him with many facets. The child can only think that no, even the smallest force is superfluous in the work: how many forces are in the mouse, and without it they could not pull the turnip.

"Rocked Hen" in folk version, well presented, for example, in the processing of the writer A.N. Tolstoy, carries an equally important idea for education. A chicken laid an egg, a mouse ran, wagged its tail, the egg fell and broke. The grandfather began to cry, the grandmother began to sob, the gates creaked, the hens flew up, the doors squinted, the tyn crumbled, the top of the hut staggered. And the whole commotion is from a broken egg. Much ado about nothing! The tale laughs at the trifling cause of so many absurd consequences.

Children early learn to correctly assess the size of phenomena, deeds and actions to understand the ridiculous side of all life's inconsistencies. The cheerful and perky bun is so confident in himself that he himself did not notice how he became a braggart, who is flattered by his own luck - so he got caught by the fox (“Gingerbread Man”). The fairy tale about the tower tells about the joint friendly life of a fly, a mosquito, a mouse, a frog, a hare, a fox, a wolf. And then the bear came - “the oppressor of everyone” - there was no tower (“Teremok”). In every fairy tale there is a moral that a child needs, because he must determine his place in life, learn the moral and ethical standards of behavior in society.

It is noticed that children easily memorize fairy tales about animals. This is due to the fact that folk pedagogical experience correctly captured the features of children's perception. The fairy tales "Turnip", "Rocked Hen", "Kolobok", "Teremok" and some others hold the child's attention with a special composition: the episode clings to the episode, often they are repeated with the addition of some new detail. These repetitions promote memory and understanding.

Fairy tales about animals can also be called children's because they contain a lot of action, movement, energy - which is also inherent in a child. The plot unfolds rapidly: quickly, headlong, a chicken runs to the hostess for butter, - the rooster swallowed the grain and choked, she sends her to the cow for milk. The hen goes to the cow, she asks the owner to give her fresh grass, etc. In the end, the hen brought butter, the rooster was saved, but how much he owes salvation! ("The Cockerel and the Beanstalk"). The irony of the tale is understandable to the child, he also likes the fact that the hen managed to overcome so many difficult obstacles so that the cockerel remained alive. Happy endings of fairy tales correspond to the cheerfulness of the child, his confidence in the successful outcome of the struggle between good and evil.

There is a lot of humor in animal tales. This is their wonderful property. develops at children feel real and simply amuses, entertains, pleases, sets in motion spiritual forces. However, fairy tales also know sadness. How sharply contrasted are the transitions from sadness to joy! The feelings that are spoken of in fairy tales are as vivid as children's emotions. It is easy to console a child, but it is also easy to upset. A hare is crying at the threshold of his hut. The goat kicked him out. The rooster chased away the goat - there is no end to the joy of the hare. Cheerful and the listener of a fairy tale.

A sharp distinction between positive and negative in the nature of fairy tales. The child never doubts how to relate to this or that fairy tale character. The rooster is a hero, the fox is a cunning liar, the wolf is greedy, the bear is stupid, the goat is deceitful. This is not primitive, but the necessary simplicity which must be mastered by the baby before he is ready to accept complex things.

There are many songs in fairy tales about animals: the fox sings a flattering song to the rooster: “Cockerel, cockerel, golden comb, butter head, silk beard ...”; the rooster also sings, calling the cat for help: “The fox is carrying me beyond the dark forests ...”; the goat sings in front of the door of the house: “You, kids! You goats! Open up, open up…”; wolf, bear and other characters sing. Fairy tales are replete with merry proverbs: “a fox is beautiful during a conversation”, “hare-legged hare on a skok hill”, “mosquito-pisk”, “fly-fly”, etc. the features of the unusual, the properties of the game. Songs and funny proverbs are so expressive that they live independently, concentrating the poetic meaning of fairy tales in a compressed rhythmic-playful form. Having sunk into memory, fairy tales become an inseparable part of children's consciousness.

For older children preschool age like fairy tale. Equally attractive to them is the development of action, coupled with the struggle of light and dark forces, and wonderful invention.

The Russian fairy tale has created an amazingly lively, intricate world. Everything in it is unusual: people, earth, mountains, rivers, trees, even things - household items, tools - and they acquire wonderful properties in fairy tales. The ax itself cuts the wood; a club beats enemies, a mill grinds grain; the stove is talking; the apple tree covers with its branches the children running from the swan geese sent by Yaga; a flying carpet soars into the sky; fits in a small box Big city with residents, houses and streets.

This fairy world awakens and develops the child's imagination. The kid with ardent sympathy follows everything that is said in the fairy tale: he rejoices at the victories of Ivan Tsarevich, the miracles of Vasilisa the Wise, and is upset by their hardships.

In particular, the fate of the heroes, placed in close and understandable circumstances, touches the child. The action in such tales often takes place in the family. The father and mother told the daughter not to go out of the yard, to take care of her brother, and the girl started playing and taking a walk - and the geese-swans (“Geese-swans”) took the brother away. Brother Ivanushka did not listen to his sister - he drank water from a goat's hoof and became a goat ("Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka"). A good orphan suffers persecution wicked stepmother("Havroshechka", "Morozko"). In the development of action are invariably introduced ethical motivations: injustice becomes a source of suffering and misfortune, happy endings always eliminate contradictions to the norms of justice. A fairy tale teaches a child to evaluate the deeds and actions of people in the light of correct concepts of what is good and what is bad.

In fairy tales there are no irreparable life troubles, at the same time they do not hide the fact that real world knows severe human suffering, but everything ends happily thanks to a miracle. The imaginary miraculous victory of good over evil always activates the child's senses. The need for justice, the desire to overcome life's hardships forever become part of his world perception. It's in the highest degree important for the formation of a person's vitality and qualities of a fighter for justice.

A fairy tale with its harmonious composition teaches a child to think logically: the events in it unfold in a strict sequence. The story captures the dynamics of the plot. The closer the end is, the sharper and more tense the relationship between the characters becomes. Very often, having brought the hero to the moment of almost complete achievement of the goal, the fairy tale allows a sharp turn of the event to its original position - and again he begins the struggle for the triumph of justice. This technique helps the child to understand that in order to achieve the goal, perseverance, fidelity to duty and the desire to win at all costs are necessary.

In a fairy tale, the characters of the characters, characters from beginning to end are endowed with certain virtues or vices.

The heroes of fairy tales always remain true to their characters, no matter what happens to them. For a child, this feature of fairy tales is very important: this is the necessary simplicity of human relations, which must be mastered before he learns to understand the complexity of people's deeds and actions.

Fairy tales are characterized by such compositional feature: three times repetition of any episode with subsequent amplification of the effect. Ivan Tsarevich fights with three snakes, and each new opponent is stronger than the previous one: the three-headed one is replaced by the six-headed one, the six-headed one is replaced by the nine-headed or twelve-headed one; three difficult tasks sets sea ​​king Ivan Tsarevich - and each new one is harder and harder; three times the hero accelerates his faithful horse with the intention of jumping to the upper window in which the princess sits, and only the third time he achieves his goal.

The triple repetition technique has a special meaning in each specific case. In the tale of Sivka Burka, the three times repeated galloping past the princess's chamber testifies to the extraordinary difficulty in achieving the goal. In another tale, the repetition of the episode three times has a different meaning. Three times the daughters went to spy on Khavroshka, and only the third time, due to an oversight, she did not keep the secret. The third time was fatal. So, this last, third episode turns out to be either happy or unhappy.

Fairy tales vividly convey the details of human experiences and thus excite the imagination of listeners.“The elders left,” the fairy tale “Swan Geese” says, “and the daughter forgot what she was ordered to, put her brother on the grass under the window, and she ran out into the street, played and took a walk. Geese-swans flew in, picked up the boy, carried away on wings. A girl came, look - there is no brother! Gasped, rushed back and forth no! She called, bursting into tears, lamented that it would be bad from her father and mother - the brother did not respond! She ran out into an open field: geese-swans rushed in the distance and disappeared behind a dark forest. The carefree game of the girl is conveyed by the words: “she played, she took a walk,” and then suddenly, as if her heart sank: “Look - there is no brother!” Fear, then a search with gradually disappearing hope of finding a brother, and finally bitter despair: “I called, bursting into tears, lamented ... my brother did not respond!”

The construction of phrases, the selection of words are determined by the nature of the content. A calm narrative is replaced by a swift one when it comes to sudden and quick actions - this is achieved with the help of verbs of motion. About swan geese, for example, they say this: “rushed”, “picked up”, “carried away”, “rushed”, “disappeared”, etc. The choice of verbs clearly conveys the dynamics of events, the severity of the situation. At the same time, the little listener becomes, as it were, a participant in what is happening, actively empathizing with the heroes of the fairy tale.

Storytellers reproduce the world in all its objective materiality, in a variety of sounds, in the brilliance of colors. Fairy tales are filled with sunlight, forest noise, the whistling of the wind, the dazzling brilliance of lightning, the rumbling of thunder - all the features of the world around us. The night in fairy tales is dark, the sun is red, the sea is blue, the swans are white, the meadows are green. These are all thick deep colors, not halftones.. The hero’s sword is sharp, palaces are white stone, stones are semi-precious, tables are oak, pies are wheat, etc. Things and objects have clear forms: their material and quality are known. All taken together makes fairy tale exemplary national art words. The art of fairy tales is deeply rooted in the culture and language of the people.

To little child it was interesting to listen to, it is advisable not to read fairy tales from a book, but to tell them. After all, it’s not for nothing that they are called “fairy tales”, from the fact that they are “said”.

6 Rules for Reading or Telling Fairy Tales to Children

1. The Living Word will make it possible to look not at a book, but at a child. And if necessary, quickly respond to his emotions, pause, change intonation.
2. Immerse yourself in the world of a fairy tale, delve into the meaning of what is told, learn to understand the characters of the characters will help the way of storytelling. At the same time, gesture, facial expressions and voice will help convey events, the nature of the characters.
3. It is necessary to tell a fairy tale as if the speaker himself was a participant in these events. If you are not yet familiar with the fairy tale, re-read it several times, it is not necessary to learn it verbatim. It is important to convey the meaning of a fairy tale not only with words, but also with emotions.
4. When telling fairy tales, it is desirable to observe all traditions: start from the beginning, and end with the ending.
5. At a time, children, depending on age, can read from 1-2 to 3-5 short poems, stories or fairy tales. It is very important to observe the measure so that the baby does not get tired and does not lose interest. You need to finish reading when the child asks for more reading (just like getting up from the table with a slight feeling of hunger).
6. From childhood, you need to lay the foundations of a culture of reading. Therefore, each time you first need to introduce the child to the book: voice the author, title and genre of the work.

Communication with a book is not only a step towards development figurative thinking and intelligence of the child. This and excellent remedy upbringing!

Reading lesson in 2nd grade

Topic: "Tops and Roots" (Russian folk tale).

Target: introduce students to the Russian folk tale "Tops and Roots".

Tasks:

Educational

To form the ability to correctly, consciously read in syllables;

Continue to learn to answer questions on the content.

Correction-developing

Correct arbitrary attention based on exercises in the distribution, concentration and stability of attention;

Development of students' horizons;

Educational

Raising interest in folk art;

To form learning skills (listen without interrupting each other, read independently).

Equipment: Subject pictures (bear, turnip, wheat).

During the classes:

1. Organizing time.

Check readiness for the lesson.

We woke up (depict rubbing eyes)

stretched out

Together they smiled at the sun, (rhythmic clapping)

Hello sunshine (arms crossed above head)

Bellflower! (rhythmic clapping)

1. Speech warm-up

Connect the letters, read:

Wu yu

s and

oh a yo

uh e

1. Section topic message. Introduction to the topic of the lesson.

Today in the lesson we begin to get acquainted with the works from the section called "Tale by tale."

The fairy tale was born long ago, before man learned to read and write. Tales were composed by the people, these tales were told to children and to each other, they are called folk tales. Happen in fairy tales various miracles, unexpected transformations, good triumphs over evil, and animals speak with human voices.

Guess the riddle and you will recognize one of the heroes of our fairy tale:

The owner of the forest wakes up in the spring

And under the blizzard howl

Sleeping in a snow den (bear).

(accompanied by picture)

• And what is the name of the fairy tale, you will find out if you read the words backwards:

Travelers and Travelers

This is a Russian folk tale.

1. Sample teacher reading.

• Why is the fairy tale called "Tops and Roots"?

1. Vocabulary work.

What are tops?

Tops - This is the upper part of the plants, which is located on the surface of the earth.

What are roots?

Roots - this is the root, it is under the ground.

(Accompanied by pictures, showing parts of plants).

What do they eat at turnips? Wheat? What is made from wheat? What about flour?

1. Game "Pyramid of words"

Turnip

Sow

Tops

Roots

Wheat

grumbled

made friends

1. Reading in paragraphs.
2. Content Conversation

What did the man with the bear sow for the first time?

How did the man decide to divide the harvest?

Why didn't the bear like tops of turnips?

What did the man and the bear sow for the second time?

How did the bear decide to divide the harvest?

Why didn't the bear like the wheat roots?

9. Physical education

(Simulation exercises)

We will plant, harvest and share the harvest. In order for a good harvest to grow, we plow the land, harrow it, sow seeds, and water it. The turnip harvest is ripe, we pull out the turnip. We share the tops for the bear, the roots for the peasant.

Sowing wheat again. We cut the ripened crop with a sickle, pull out the roots and divide the roots to the bear, and the spikelets to the peasant.

10. Selective reading (work with illustrations for a fairy tale).

Find words in the fairy tale that match the first picture? To the second? To the third?

Why are the bear and the man no longer friends?

11. Independent reading.Individual work with students.

12. Consolidation of the material covered.

Exercise "Finish the phrase"

The bear is big, and the man ...

The bear is stupid, but the man ...

Turnip roots are edible, and wheat ...

Turnip tops are inedible, and wheat ...

The field is sown in the spring, and the harvest is harvested ...

13. The result of the lesson.

What story are we talking about?

What is the man in the fairy tale? And the bear?

What does a fairy tale teach?

Homework: retelling a fairy tale based on illustrations.