The recreational resources of the region of the municipality include. The structure of the recreational potential of the territory

Recreational resources - natural cultural and historical complexes and their elements that contribute to the restoration and development of the physical and spiritual forces of a person, his ability to work and health, which, with the modern and promising structure of recreational needs and technical and economic possibilities, are used for direct and indirect consumption and production of resort and tourist services.

Recreational activities use resources - natural and man-made processes and phenomena that can be used to meet the needs of the population and the organization of the recreational economy. Recreational resources constitute the most important part of the natural potential; their role in shaping the modern environmental management of the region is constantly increasing, especially from the ecological and geographical point of view. Recreational nature management is aimed at meeting the needs of the population, primarily local, in recreation areas, sanatorium and resort facilities created on the basis of balneological resources, the development of sports and educational tourism, and mountaineering. Security and rational use of recreational resources fits into the overall strategy of rational nature management of the region in the form of a territorial recreational system. Traditionally, the components of natural or cultural landscapes are primarily referred to as recreational resources. Climatic, water, hydro-mineral, forest, mountain, socio-cultural (monuments of history and culture) and other types of resources are distinguished. In recreational nature management, the resource can be the beauty of the landscape and the landscape diversity of the area, the material and spiritual culture of the country, the environmental friendliness of nature, the uniqueness of architecture. When evaluating a recreational resource, its beneficial effect on human health and well-being is taken into account. For example, when assessing climatic conditions, temperature and wind regimes, precipitation regimes are considered; Resources of ultraviolet radiation are of great importance, providing protective reactions of the organism. All elements of the weather form its quality in terms of comfort. Among the recreational resources, mineral waters, therapeutic mud, water and forests are very popular. Mineral waters are divided into several groups: mineral waters, the effect of which is determined by the ionic composition and mineralization; carbonic; hydrogen sulfide, etc. Therapeutic mud - peat, sapropel and others, as well as mineral waters, have a healing effect. In Russia, 49 deposits of therapeutic mud are used. Among them, the largest are Lake Shira in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Lake Medvezhye in the Kurgan Region, Uglovoy Bay in the Primorsky Territory. Recreation by the water, on the coasts of the seas, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs has great appeal. Each reservoir has its own problems of recreational use. However, there are also common features, which boil down to water pollution and deterioration of their quality, and thereby reducing the resource potential. Pollution can occur due to industrial and domestic effluents, agricultural and municipal waste, and the activities of vacationers. Recreational nature management is divided into different types according to the time of rest - short-term and long-term, summer and winter; according to the degree of organization - organized and unorganized; by types of resource use - recreational water use, forest use. As a rule, recreational nature management focuses not on one, but on several types of resources. It can be climatic, water, forest resources at the same time. Therefore, types of nature management that use a complex of resources are distinguished: sanatorium-and-spa treatment (climato-, balneo-, mud therapy); health-improving nature management - bathing and beach, walking; sports - sports tourism, mountaineering, fishing, hunting; cognitive tourism - to historical places, travel to other countries; horticultural and summer cottages. From the point of view of recreational forest management, forest cover, species composition, and the presence of a coastal strip are important. The forests of the regions of Central Russia are considered the most suitable for recreation. The forest cover here reaches 30-35%, forests are mixed with undergrowth, usually easily passable, with low swampiness. Forests of different composition of tree species have a wide range of colors and sounds, are distinguished by a variety of undergrowth, which makes their aesthetic-emotional and therapeutic-psychological impact especially beneficial. Forest thickets, interspersed with open spaces of meadows, river floodplains and banks of forest rivers and lakes overgrown with shrubs with a variety of relief - best conditions for recreational nature management in Central Russia. The diversity of the emotional impact of forests of different composition reflects the saying: In a spruce forest to choke, in a birch forest to marry, to work in a pine forest. Most of the recreational resources are almost inexhaustible; they are dynamic: there are types of recreation - water slalom, rally, sports tourism, allowing you to explore new areas of the planet. In a modern, very dynamic life, it is of great importance to have a place for a short rest during the day, on weekends; in cities, parks, gardens, embankments, and green areas serve this purpose. Landscape art and architecture have deep historical roots. In ancient times, the emperors of China, Japan, and Korea created gardens with artificial grottoes, streams and paths, ornamental trees and shrubs. Of particular interest are the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the idea of ​​which was subsequently used in Italy, Persia, Russia, and is now used in almost unchanged form in Western Europe for planting roofs.

The definition of recreational resources can also be given in the following contexts:

Recreational resources as a result of anthropogenic activity (the impact of man and his activities on nature), which, due to such properties as unique historical and artistic values, originality, aesthetic appeal and healing and health significance, can be used for organized activities;

Recreational resources as a combination of various components, factors of natural and anthropogenic landscapes that create favorable conditions for various types and forms of human activity;

Recreational resources as, to a certain extent, transformed natural conditions and cultural and historical objects, brought to the level of manufacturability under the influence of social needs and the possibility of direct use in recreational services.

Therefore, recreational resources include two types of resources: natural and anthropogenic.

Natural recreational resources are a territorial combination of natural components with functional, temporal and territorial comfort of recreational activities.

The complex nature of recreational activities and the diversity of its links with natural conditions determine the expediency of considering as a natural recreational resource not only the territorial combination of natural components, but also the results of human anthropogenic activity (the so-called anthropogenic factor in ecology).

Recreational resources in the recreational economy act as conditions for recreational activities. In order for natural conditions to become natural resources, the costs of social labor are required for their study, evaluation and preparation and bringing them to the degree of manufacturability necessary for direct use in the recreational economy.

The resource base of tourism is made up of tourist and recreational resources, which are closely interconnected. Tourism resources are understood as a set of natural and artificially created objects suitable for creating a tourist product. As a rule, these resources determine the formation of the tourism business in a particular region.

Natural recreational resources are territories that have the potential to be used for organizing various types of recreation. The territorial concentration of recreational resources contributes to the formation and development of recreational areas, determines the areas of specialization of these areas and the degree of their economic efficiency.

Recreation is located at the intersection of natural and socio-economic systems. When determining the effect of the development of recreation, it is necessary to take into account natural, environmental, social and economic factors. When recreation allows you to combine different areas of recreation and achieve several goals, it gives the maximum effect (for example, the simultaneous combination of health, medical and cultural and educational activities).

The possibilities and effectiveness of the use of recreational resources to a large extent depend on natural conditions and the saturation of the territory of the possible recreational use valuable objects of natural and cultural heritage.

The following main factors affecting the involvement of recreational resources of a particular area in use can be distinguished:

1) climatic conditions;

2) availability of water areas, their quality and comfort for use;

3) the presence of mineral springs, therapeutic mud and other balneological resources;

forest scenery,

river and lake scenery,

Sea and mountain landscapes.

Cultural and historical recreational resources are the legacy of past years and eras community development. They are an important factor for organizing educational recreational trips.

Cultural and historical resources are not only an important prerequisite for the development of recreational activities, but also play an educational role.

Cultural and historical recreational resources are not included in the category of natural resources. But in modern society they are increasingly considered together with natural ones. Thus, the UN for Culture, Science and Education has compiled a list of the world heritage of mankind, which combines natural and cultural objects heritage.

There are 15 cultural and natural world heritage sites in Russia (their list is given in Table 2 of the appendix),

In Russia, balneological resources and resorts in places where healing mineral springs come out have long been famous.

Balneological resources have:

North Caucasus(Mineralnye Vody, Essentuki, Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Zhelsznovodsk);

Central Russia ( Tula region, Tver region - Kashin, Krainka),

North - Republic of Karelia (Marcial waters),

Volga region,

Primorsky Krai.

Medicinal muds, especially peat and silt, are of great therapeutic value. They are found in the North Caucasus and Siberia, in their salty lakes and estuaries. The combination of mud baths with water baths (sea or mineral) gives a particularly great therapeutic effect.

As a result, the North Caucasus has the most significant natural recreational resources. Good prerequisites for the development of recreation also have the Central Region, Siberia (especially the vicinity of Baikal and the Altai Mountains), the Kaliningrad Region and some other territories of Russia.

natural conditions(geological features, relief, climate, natural zonality, etc.) are not directly involved in production, but they also largely determine the territorial organization of people's lives and economic activities.

The strongest influence natural conditions have on agriculture, the efficiency and specialization of which directly depend on soil fertility, climate, and the water regime of the territory.

Natural conditions also affect the lifestyle of people - the need for housing, clothing, diet.

As a result, it is the natural conditions that often determine the socio-economic feasibility of construction settlements, transport routes, industrial enterprises, development mineral resources.

Geological conditions and relief areas significantly affect the nature of production activities and the resettlement of people.

Main elements geological structure The territories of Russia are platforms and plates, as well as the folded (geosynclinal) belts separating them.

Platforms and slabs - stable areas earth's crust, the base of which is composed of solid crystalline rocks. In some places, the base comes to the surface of the earth in the form of shields, but, as a rule, it is covered by a cover consisting of loose sedimentary rocks.

On the territory of Russia there are the East European and Siberian platforms (the most ancient), connected by the Turan and West Siberian plates (younger in time of formation).

Between the platforms there are younger folded areas - geosynclinal belts:

Ural-Mongolian (Urals, Altai, Sayans, Kuznetsk Alatau, Transbaikalia);

Pacific (Verkhoyano-Kolyma, Primorsky, mountain systems, the mountains of Kamchatka, Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, the coast of the Sea of ​​​​Okhotsk).

In these belts, mountain building continues, accompanied by increased seismicity and volcanism.

Geological conditions determine the presence of certain mineral natural resources. The platforms and slabs in the sedimentary rock masses contain mainly fuel resources. Mobile geosynclinal areas and shields, as well as platform bases, have deposits of ore minerals. Knowledge of the geological patterns of the distribution of mineral resources is the main prerequisite for the discovery of new deposits.

Today, from a geological point of view, only about 80% of the territory of Russia has been studied - relatively little compared to the global level and the degree of geological knowledge of many foreign countries.

The geological structure determines the dominant landforms of the territory. On the territory of Russia, internal plains and plateaus with heights up to 1000 m predominate - the Russian, West Siberian, and Central Siberian plateaus.

In the southern and eastern parts The country has mountain ranges, the highest of which are the Caucasus (Mount Elbrus - 5642 m above sea level), the mountains of Kamchatka (Klyuchevskaya Sopka volcano - 4750 m), Altai (Mount Belukha - 4499 m).

In general, the country's relief is assessed as favorable for economic activity. Large plains, occupying about 3/4 of the country's territory, favor the development Agriculture, shipping, construction.

But the relief of Russia also has negative features. There are no significant mountain ranges in the north of the country, which makes it possible for cold arctic air to penetrate deep into the country. On the contrary, the mountainous regions in the south and east prevent warm air masses from penetrating deep into Russia.

Climatic conditions. Due to their significant size, Russia is quite diverse.

Most of the country's territory is dominated by a temperate continental and subarctic climate, and an arctic climate is common in the north. All of them are characterized by a very severe winter and relatively short summer, which causes a lack of heat, excessive moisture, the spread of permafrost (occupies more than half of the country's area). It is here (in the east of Yakutia) that the cold pole of the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth is located.

More favorable conditions are Far East(areas of temperate maritime and monsoon climate near the coast Pacific Ocean) and especially in the west of the country, where in the European part of Russia a temperate temperate continental climate prevails, turning into a subtropical one in the very south. Winters in these types of climates are relatively mild, while summers are warm and long. Negative Traits- excessive moisture in the east, insufficient - in the west in the areas adjacent to the Caspian Sea.

In general, the country's climatic conditions are assessed as unfavorable for human life and economic activity, especially for crop production. The lack of heat in Russia reduces the productivity of growing cultivated plants by 3-5 times compared to the world average.

On a third of the country's area, the cultivation of cultivated plants in open ground is almost impossible. In general, about 95% of the area of ​​Russia is a zone of risky farming.

Natural zonality in Russia is determined by the peculiarities of the climate and topography. The most common in the country are taiga, tundra and forest-tundra, including mountain taiga and tundra in areas with altitudinal zonality. These zones correspond to extremely infertile podzolic, permafrost-taiga and tundra soils. The center of the European part of the country, as well as the south of the Far East, is occupied by mixed and broad-leaved forests, under which relatively fertile sod-podzolic, gray forest and brown forest soils have formed.

Significant areas in the south of the European part, as well as in the south of Siberia, are occupied by steppes and forest-steppes with the most fertile chernozem soils. In the southeast of the European part of Russia there is an area of ​​dry steppes and semi-deserts with open sands and other infertile soils. As a result, we can say that the soil conditions of the country are relatively favorable for the development of agriculture, since large territories are occupied by soil types with high natural fertility.

Research hypothesis

The preservation of recreational resources and their rational use will be if:

Each person is aware of the importance of recreational resources;

- each person will understand the structure of recreational resources and the biological almost that the conditionality of the restoration of recreational resources;

Each person will understand how and where recreational resources can be used.

Verification of the proposed hypothesis required a solution the following tasks:

Analysis of the role of recreational resources for human health;

Identification of types of recreational resources and their placement on the territory of Russia;

- identification of the most effective ways to preserve the recreational resources of Russia and their rational use.

Research methods. To solve the tasks set, a set of methods was chosen: analysis of theoretical literature, analysis of the correctness of the placement of recreational resources, analysis of the ecological state of objects, analysis of potential ecological use.

Chapter 1. What are recreational resources and their types

1.1. Natural recreational resources

Recreational resources- Components natural environment and phenomena of a socio-cultural nature that can be used to organize recreational activities. Classifying recreational resources, some authors distinguish them according to their origin into two main types: natural recreational resources and socio-cultural resources (cultural-historical recreational resources). Other authors subdivide recreational resources according to the nature of use. Baransky N.N. identifies four main types:

Recreational and medical (for example, treatment with mineral waters);

Recreational and health-improving (for example, bathing and beach areas);

Recreational and sports (for example, ski resorts);

Recreational and educational (for example, historical monuments).

Natural recreational resources are a complex of physical, biological and energy-informational elements and forces of nature, which are used in the process of restoration and development of the physical and spiritual forces of a person, his ability to work and health. Almost all natural resources have recreational and tourist potential, but the degree of its use is different and depends on the recreational demand and specialization of the region.

According to the economy nature management classifications based on the dual character concepts" natural resources", reflecting them natural origin, on the one hand, and economic importance, on the other, natural recreational resources can be grouped by:

origin;

types of recreational use;

exhaustion rates (fast exhaustible, slowly exhaustible, inexhaustible);

possibilities of self-healing and cultivation (renewable, relatively renewable and non-renewable);

opportunities for economic replenishment (replaceable, irreplaceable);

the possibility of replacing one resource with another.

IN last years there is increasing attention to natural resources in terms of their use for active recreation of the population and health-improving, preventive and medical measures. The transition of the country to market relations raised the issues of exploitation of resort areas in a new way, as well as the development of the capabilities of the components of the natural environment directly for medical purposes.

There are areas in Russia where recreational activity is the defining industry in the structure of their social reproduction. It includes a network of recreational enterprises and organizations.

Characterization of recreational resources in the main landscape and climatic zones allows us to evaluate these zones in comparison (by the richness of these resources), which helps to identify the most effective directions for the development of the resort network of our country

About a third of the territory of Russia is occupied by the taiga zone. All of it is potentially favorable for active climatotherapy. At the same time, the presence of blood-sucking insects has a negative impact, causing great concern to people and animals and creating uncomfortable conditions for treatment and outdoor recreation. A serious problem is also the epidemiological situation in certain years. The greatest wealth in terms of recreational resources are zones of mixed forests and forest-steppe. It was here that the most favorable conditions for existence and life activity for the population of Russia were formed and preserved, which may represent the ecological optimum for the development of civilization in Eastern Europe and part of the Siberian Territory. It was here that the unique Russian culture was formed in its expanded understanding, taking into account its future. sustainable development. In this regard, the recreational conditions of this special zone are most favorable for conscious work in recreation, which can always be nearby and will not be replaced by short-term and annoying, albeit exotic and educational resorts.

As for the recreational resources of the semi-desert and desert zones, their landscape conditions are not very favorable for the development of resort construction, with the exception of individual oases. The Mediterranean zone, which includes wet and dry subtropics, is very favorable for accommodating health resorts. However, the collapse of the USSR significantly reduced the recreational opportunities in Russia in this regard. Of the mountainous regions, the Caucasus is of the greatest interest. The Altai Territory and a number of eastern mountainous regions are promising.

1.2. Cultural and historical recreational resources

In the complex of recreational resources, a special place is occupied by cultural and historical resources located in cities and villages and in inter-settlement territories and representing the legacy of past eras of social development. They serve as a prerequisite for the organization of cultural and cognitive types of recreational activities, on this basis they optimize recreational activities in general, performing quite serious educational functions.

The spaces formed by cultural and historical objects to a certain extent determine the localization of recreational flows and the direction of excursion routes.

Cultural and historical objects are divided into material and spiritual. The material ones cover the totality of the means of production and other material values ​​of society at each historical stage of its development, while the spiritual ones cover the totality of society's achievements in education, science, art, literature, in the organization of state and social life, in work and life. In fact, not all the legacy of the past refers to cultural and historical recreational resources. It is customary to rank among them only those cultural and historical objects that have been researched and evaluated by scientific methods as having social significance and can be used with existing technical and material capabilities to meet the recreational needs of a certain number of people for a certain time.

Among the cultural and historical objects, the leading role belongs to historical and cultural monuments, which are most attractive and, on this basis, serve as the main means of satisfying the needs of cognitive and cultural recreation. Depending on their main features, historical and cultural monuments are divided into 5 main types: history, archeology, urban planning and architecture, art, documentary monuments. Thus, buildings, structures, memorable places and objects associated with the most important historical events in the life of the people, the development of society and the state can be classified as historical monuments.

Monuments of archeology are settlements, mounds, remains of ancient settlements, fortifications, industries, canals, roads, ancient burial places, stone sculptures, rock carvings, ancient objects, sections of the historical cultural layer of ancient settlements.

The following objects are most characteristic of urban planning and architectural monuments: architectural ensembles and complexes, historical centers, quarters, squares, streets, remnants of ancient planning and development of cities and other settlements; buildings of civil, industrial, military, religious architecture, folk architecture, as well as related works of monumental, fine, arts and crafts, garden and park art, natural landscapes.

Monuments of art include works of monumental, fine, decorative, applied and other types of art.

Documentary monuments are acts of state authorities and state administration bodies, other written and graphic documents, film and photo documents and sound recordings, as well as ancient and other manuscripts and archives, folklore and music recordings, rare printed publications.

The cultural and historical prerequisites for the recreational industry include other objects related to the history, culture and modern activities of people: original industrial enterprises, agriculture, transport, scientific institutions, higher educational institutions, theaters, sports facilities, botanical gardens, zoos, oceanariums, ethnographic and folklore attractions, handicrafts, as well as preserved folk customs, holiday rituals, etc. All objects used in educational and cultural recreation are divided into two groups - immovable and movable.

The first group consists of monuments of history, urban planning and architecture, archeology and monumental art and other structures, including those

art pieces that form an integral part of architecture. From the standpoint of cognitive and cultural recreation, it is important that the objects of this group are independent single or group formations.

The second group includes art monuments, archaeological finds, mineralogical, botanical and zoological collections, documentary monuments and other things, objects and documents that can be easily moved. The consumption of recreational resources of this group is associated with visits to museums, libraries and archives, where they are usually concentrated. Geographical distribution of World Cultural Heritage sites - table No. 1 in the Appendix )

Recreational resources are characterized by socio-cultural spatial and temporal relativity. Depending on the initial point of view and the time of evaluation, the same object can be evaluated differently.

In general, recreational resources are characterized by contrast with the habitual human environment and a combination of various natural and cultural environments. Almost any place that meets the following two criteria is recognized as a recreational resource:

1) the place is different from the usual human environment;

2) is represented by a combination of two or more naturally different environments.

Statistically the most attractive are the edge zones, the junction of various environments (water - land, forest - glade, hill - plain, etc.). The most attractive are combinations of several contrasting environments: mountains + sea + diverse cultural environment. This creates the most highly valued recreational areas, as California or the Mediterranean seem to be.resources Russia (6)Abstract >> Geography

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Scientists have long found out that for high labor efficiency, a person needs regular and proper rest. Without this, one should not expect great labor feats from the worker. But you can also relax in different ways: someone just lies on the couch and watches TV, while someone takes out his backpack and goes hiking. In the latter case, the recreational resources of the world, or in other words, the resources for recreation and tourism, are of great importance.

What is recreation?

It is believed that the term "recreation" came to us from Latin: recreation - "recovery". There is such a word in Polish - recreatja, which means "rest" in translation. It should be noted that in the world there is still no single and generally accepted scientific definition of this concept.

We can say that recreation is a process of restoration vitality person (physical, moral and mental), which were used up in the process labor activity. At its core, recreation can be tourist, medical, resort, health, sports, etc. Types are also distinguished by time frame: short-term, long-term (with or without interruption from work), seasonal. Recreation can also be organized and unorganized (the so-called wild recreation).

Basic concepts

From the definition of the term "recreation" one can deduce other important concepts: "tourist and recreational resources" and "recreational activities". The second term means special kind economic activity aimed at restoring human strength. At the same time, the word "economic" in combination with the word "activity" implies the possibility of generating income.

These and some other related concepts are studied by such sciences as recreationology and recreational geography. Among the scientists of these disciplines, one can meet geographers, biologists, economists, and psychologists, because they were formed at the junction of several fields of knowledge at once. In particular, he studies the features of the distribution of recreational resources and objects throughout the territory of our planet, as well as individual countries. The recreational resources of the world and their study are also within the competence of this science. They will be discussed further.

Recreational World Resources

They began to worry scientists and researchers around the middle of the twentieth century. It was then that the first serious scientific developments in this area began to appear.

The recreational resources of the world are a complex of recreational objects (created by nature or man) that are suitable for the development of recreational activities on their basis.

What can be a recreational object? Yes, anything, as long as the object has a recreational effect. It can be a waterfall, a mountain peak, a medical sanatorium, a city park, a museum or an old fortress.

Key features of these resources include:

• attractiveness;
• geographic availability;
• significance;
• potential stock;
• method of use and others.

Classification

The recreational resources of the world still do not have a unified classification. Each of the researchers has their own view on this issue. Nevertheless, the following types of recreational resources can be distinguished:

1. Recreational and medical (treatment).
2. Recreational and health-improving (treatment, rehabilitation and resort rest).
3. Recreational sports ( leisure and tourism).
4. Recreational and educational (excursions, cruises and travel).

This classification seems to be the most successful and understandable. Although there are many others, according to which the world's recreational resources are divided into:

• natural (created by nature);
• natural-anthropogenic (created by nature and modified by man);
• historical and cultural (man-made);
• infrastructural;
• unconventional.

Very interesting last group, which combines the resources necessary for the development of unusual or extreme It can be ancient cemeteries, dilapidated castles, underground catacombs, etc.

Recreational and medical resources of the world

They are designed to organize, first of all, the treatment of a person. It can be both a complex therapy of the whole organism, and individual organs and systems.

Recreational and medical resources of the world include the following objects:

• healing mud;
• mountain resorts;
• sea ​​coasts;
• salt lakes, etc.

Recreational and health-improving resources of the world

This group includes all resources on the basis of which treatment can be carried out, as well as the improvement of the body (for example, after major operations). Such resources include resorts and resort areas (sea, mountain, ski, forest, etc.).

Among the most popular resort areas in the world are the following:

• Hawaiian Islands;
• Seychelles;
• Canary Islands;
• the island of Bali;
• the island of Cuba;
• (France);
• Golden Sands (Bulgaria), etc.

Recreational-sports and recreational-cognitive resources

The majestic mountain systems (Alps, Cordillera, Himalayas, Caucasus, Carpathians) attract a huge number of active tourists and adventurers. After all, there are all the necessary recreational and sports resources. You can go to mountain hike or conquer one of the peaks. You can organize an extreme descent along a mountain river or go rock climbing. The mountains have a wide range of diverse recreational resources. There are also a huge number of ski resorts.

Recreational and educational resources include many different objects: architectural, historical and cultural. It can be fortresses, palace complexes, museums and even entire cities. Thousands of tourists annually visit countries such as France, Italy, Spain, Poland, Austria, Switzerland and others.

The most famous museum in the world is, of course, the Louvre, which contains the richest collections of exhibits. Among them you can see ancient Assyrian bas-reliefs and Egyptian paintings.

One of the largest and most elegant palace complexes of the world is considered to be Peterhof, located near St. Petersburg. A large number of tourists go to India to see the wonder of world architecture - or to Egypt to see with their own eyes the famous Egyptian pyramids, or to Croatia to wander through the narrow streets of medieval Dubrovnik.

Recreational and tourist potential of Russia

The recreational resources of Russia are very rich and varied. Thus, the Black Sea, Azov, Baltic coasts, as well as the Altai Mountains have a huge potential for the development of resort tourism and therapeutic recreation.

The historical, cultural and educational recreational resources of Russia are also widely represented. In this regard, such regions of the country as the North-West, the North Caucasus, the Kaliningrad region, as well as the cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kostroma, Tver, Kazan have the greatest potential. Recreation can also be successfully developed in Kamchatka, Sakhalin Island and Lake Baikal.

Finally

Thus, the recreational resources of the world are very diverse and rich. These are the ancient cities, amazing architectural structures, high mountains and swift waterfalls, museums and castles covered in legends.

Recreational resources are natural and anthropogenic objects that have such properties as uniqueness, historical or artistic value, aesthetic appeal, health significance.

According to the features of origin, recreational resources can be divided

into two subtypes:

Natural and recreational;
anthropogenic and recreational.

Natural and recreational resources include sea coasts, banks of rivers, lakes, mountains, forests, mineral water outlets, therapeutic mud, and favorable climatic conditions.
Recreational resources of anthropogenic origin are also called cultural and historical resources. Such objects include, for example, the Moscow Kremlin, the Genoese fortress in the Crimea.

Picturesque. Excursion object or area where people have a rest should be beautiful. The concept of beauty is largely subjective, but some generally accepted norms exist (an example is given in the description of landscape resources).

Diversity. It is desirable that in the area for recreation there are various natural complexes and cultural recreational facilities. In one round, it is desirable to combine events with different goals.

Uniqueness. The more rare an item is, the more valuable it is. Objects that are unique on a global scale (Egyptian pyramids, Lake Baikal), on an all-Russian scale (the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus), on a regional scale (Lake Svetloyar for the Volga-Vyatka region), and on a local scale (Divnye Gory in the Voronezh region) are singled out.

Fame. It is a derivative of uniqueness and how this uniqueness is known among the general population. For example, everyone knows Lake Baikal, and the name of the ridge "Central Sikhote-Alin" in the Far East says little to an ordinary worker, although the nature of this

the ridge is also unique.

Transport accessibility to the tourist site. This concept includes the fare, type of transport, travel time, frequency of transport, its comfort, etc. It depends both on the territory where the object is located and on the place where the group of tourists gathers.
Service conditions determined by the recreational infrastructure of the area where the facility is located. This is the presence of tourist and health-improving institutions, their capacity, comfort, quality, profile and other characteristics, the presence of a road transport network and its service institutions (railway stations, ports, stations, luggage storage, etc.), the availability and quality of communication facilities , financial institutions, utilities, etc.

Physical recreational resources are all components of inanimate nature classified as physical and geographical resources (geological, geomorphological, climatic, hydrological and thermal).
Biological recreational resources- these are all components of wildlife, including soil, faunistic and floristic.
Energy information recreational resources are specific fields of noospheric nature that serve as factors of the attractiveness of the area or landscape and positively affect the psychophysical state of a person. This type of resource is the basis of development

cultural, scientific, educational, ecological and religious tourism.
All natural recreational resources - physical, biological and energy-informational, organically united among themselves and inextricably linked by flows of matter and energy, form complex recreational resources, or resources of natural-territorial recreational complexes, which are divided into: natural-continental near-aquatic
Each of them is divided into natural (reserves, river valleys, etc.), natural and anthropogenic (parks, squares, forest parks, National parks).
Unique integrated recreational resources are artificially isolated from natural and natural-anthropogenic landscapes. This is due to the fact that unique resources (natural monuments) are extremely important for the development of a recreation-oriented economy, being the most attractive tourist sites.
On this basis, types of natural recreational resources are identified: geological, geomorphological, climatic, etc.
Each type of natural recreational resources has its own characteristics and properties inherent only to them, on the basis of which types are distinguished:

1. possible use (direct and indirect);

2. according to the degree of attractiveness;

3. for healing and health-improving properties;

4. by historical and evolutionary uniqueness (natural monuments, endemic and relict species);

5. according to environmental criteria.

For economic evaluation, it is important to determine the possibility of using natural recreational resources. Under direct recreational resources refers to those forces of nature that directly contribute to the restoration and development of the physical and spiritual forces of man. These include geomorphological, climatic, hydrological and energy-informational, floristic (plants), faunistic (animals).
Indirect recreational resources influence the formation of direct resources. These include geological, soil, partially geomorphological, energy-informational, floristic and faunal
Integrated natural recreational resources is a combination of all natural recreational resources, inextricably linked by flows of matter and energy, having medical, biological, psycho-aesthetic and scientific value for the restoration of spiritual and physical

forces.
Only under the condition of a combination of natural recreational resources collected in one region or in one territory, can this area be classified as recreational or considered as a single integrated natural recreational resource. The more diverse the recreational resources, the higher the recreational potential of the region and the possibility of its economic development.

Recreational natural resources are divided into exhaustible and inexhaustible

An important condition for the emergence and development of the tourism and recreational sector of the economy is the demand for tourism and recreational resources and services, as well as the availability and development of the region, which is largely determined by geographic location and the state of the tourist and recreational infrastructure. It should be emphasized that each of the natural recreational resources is most effective only in combination with other natural resources, and if any of the natural resources that can potentially be used to restore spiritual and physical strength human, is combined with natural resources that do not have this property, then this potentially recreational resource will remain unclaimed and, therefore, will not be recreational. Natural recreational resources are the basis for the formation of resort areas and regions.
Classify natural recreational resources and according to the criterion of their mandatory use. Technologically obligatory, or necessary, and technologically optional, or accompanying, natural recreational resources are allocated. The first group includes resources without which recreational activities of a certain type are impossible, for example, ski tourism requires snowy mountain peaks.
The second group includes resources that are not directly involved in the recreational process, but without which the recreation process is impossible, for example, a sufficient amount of clean drinking water favorable for the construction of access roads mountainous relief etc.
It should be emphasized that for the stable development of tourist centers, a systematic approach to accounting and evaluating all available recreational resources that are part of a single recreational complex is of paramount importance. The latter is impossible without the development of automated information systems that make it possible to collect together data on all natural recreational resources, conduct their economic assessment and make a forecast for the future.