In which cities are monuments to Peter I? What are the most famous of them? Monument to Peter I - the highest, heaviest, most controversial Architectural monuments to Peter 1.
Monument "In commemoration of the 300th anniversary Russian fleet"or the monument to Peter the Great by Zurab Tsereteli was officially opened exactly 15 years ago.
The 98-meter work of Tsereteli has become one of the most high monuments in Russia and in the world. Even the Statue of Liberty in New York is inferior to her. Perhaps the monument to Peter became one of the heaviest. The sculpture, whose frame is made of stainless steel, and the details of the facing are made of bronze, weighs more than 2000 tons. The monument consists of three parts: a pedestal (the lower part of the monument), a ship and a figure of Peter. All parts were assembled separately. And to create a monument, the sculptor took a little less than a year.
The statue was installed on an artificial island with the help of 120 installers. Data on the amounts spent on work vary. Unofficial sources claim that the cost of erecting a bronze king is about 20 million dollars. Of official sources it is known that 100 billion rubles, that is, 16.5 million dollars, were spent on the installation of the monument.
According to the media, this unique engineering design was originally a monument to Columbus, which the author wanted to sell to Spain, the USA and countries Latin America to the 500th anniversary of the discovery of the American continent. However, no one accepted the sculptor's proposal.
According to experts in the field maritime history, several inaccuracies were made during the creation of the monument. Rosters - trophies from enemy ships - are set incorrectly. On the monument, the rostra is crowned with the St. Andrew's flag, so it turns out that Tsar Peter fought against his own fleet. According to the rules, the Andreevsky flag is hung out at the stern. It is interesting that this rule is fulfilled only on the ship on which Peter is standing.
The official name of the monument was also refuted - "In commemoration of the 300th anniversary of the Russian fleet." The monument could not have had such a name in the first place, because the 300th anniversary of the Russian fleet was celebrated a year before the opening of the monument. In addition, in 1995, the sailors, signed by the Acting Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral Selivanov, asked to erect a monument to work in Moscow in honor of the holiday folk artist Academician Lev Kerbel.
Immediately after the completion of the installation work, the monument was disliked for appearance, for its huge size, for its unfortunate location and for the fact that the giant monument was of no value to the city. Under the slogan "You weren't standing here," signatures were collected against the erection of the monument. According to numerous opinion polls conducted in 1997, more than half of Muscovites were against the monument. The controversy did not subside for a long time. They tried to fight the monument not only at the bureaucratic level. There are rumors that at first they even tried to blow up the monument. Later, in 2007, a project appeared, the authors of which proposed to cover the monument with a glass casing. In the same year, donations were collected for the dismantling of the monument. However, it was possible to collect no more than 100 thousand rubles. After the resignation of Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov, the monument to Peter was proposed to be moved to St. Petersburg, but they refused such generosity, saying that the city already has one monument to the tsar by Tsereteli.
Foreign organizations also took the side of dissatisfied citizens. So, in 2008, the monument by Tsereteli took the tenth position in the list of the ugliest buildings in the world, according to the site "Virtual Tourist".
The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources
- Moscow.
- Saint Petersburg.
- Arkhangelsk.
- Nizhny Novgorod.
- Petrozavodsk.
- Taganrog.
Astrakhan, Azov, Taganrog, St. Petersburg, Makhachkala, Poltava, Arkhangelsk, Voronezh, Tula, Kaliningrad, Petrozavodsk - these are just those that I know and remember.
Indeed, as it was rightly said above, monuments to Peter I (for someone who is a tsar reformer, and someone considers him almost an antichrist) have been erected in dozens of cities in Europe and Asia.
In addition to the above, I would like to say about the sculpture of the Russian emperor in Vyborg, designed and cast by famous master Leopold Adolfovich Bernshtam in 1910, in commemoration of the capture of the city by Russian troops.
The history of the monument to Peter I, created by sculptors A. Butaev and V. Zvonov, and erected in 2008 in the city of Sochi, which, probably, was made in Minsk out of a deep sense of internationalism, is interesting.
They did not forget about the Great Embassy and the young sergeant of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, Pyotr Mikhailov, who was interested in everything, and in Western Europe. For example, in Brussels, a bust of the king is installed directly in the royal park itself.
And even in London famous sculptor Mikhail Mikhailovich Shemyakin immortalized Peter I, on the banks of the Thames in Deptford, in the area where, according to historical sources the embassy stopped in 1698.
Peter the Great is a very significant figure in the history of Russia. He did a lot for us.
For example, he built a fleet that Russia never had, brought potatoes from abroad.
And this great ruler is famous for many other things.
Where are the monuments to Peter 1 installed?
And in many other cities.
Peter the Great is so great person and statesman that the monument can be considered a great honor for the city.
There are many cities in Russia with monuments to the first emperor, they stand in St. Petersburg, Riga. Taganrog, Petrozavodsk and others. In 2014, a monument to Peter was erected in Nizhny Novgorod.
There is a monument to the last Tsar of All Rus' and the first All-Russian Emperor Peter the Great in the city of Petrozavodsk, which was founded by Peter the Great. It is located in the center of Petrovsky Park.
A monument to Peter the Great was also erected in Tula on Sovetskaya Street on April 28, 1912. The monument is located in front of the Arms Factory, which was built by order of the emperor.
There is a monument to Peter on the territory Peter and Paul Fortress to the left of the central alley. It was opened in 1991. It was made in the image of the wax figure of Peter the Great from Winter Palace. The monument exactly repeats the pose and composition of the Wax Person.
Peter the Great made an invaluable contribution to the development of Russia. Therefore, every city in Russia is fighting for the right to be decorated with a monument that would praise the Sovereign of All Rus'.
Honored such cities - St. - Petersburg, Moscow, Astrakhan, Voronezh, Petrozavodsk, Tula, Taganrog, Samara, Petrozavodsk, Kaliningrad.
Monument Bronze Horseman was donated by Catherine II.
Peter, who made an invaluable contribution to the development of Russia, is not forgotten there. Only in St. Petersburg, in addition to the most famous Bronze Horseman, who is immediately remembered when answering this question, about 14 monuments were erected to him. The monument in Moscow (sculptor Tsereteli) is very famous. In Russia there are many more monuments in many cities and even villages: in Taganrog, Kronstadt, Vyborg, Nizhny Novgorod, Sochi, Voronezh, Arkhangelsk.
Probably the most famous monument to Peter the Great today stands in Moscow and is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Russian fleet, this imposing monument has been on the screen for more than 15 years:
Undoubtedly, everyone knows the monument to Peter in St. Petersburg, after all, it is both a symbol of the city and even a symbol of Lenfilm, a film studio that has been giving us its wonderful films for more than a century. Another name for this monument is the Bronze Horseman immortalized by Pushkin in his famous poem.
In 2014, the monument to the emperor, erected in Arkhangelsk, turned one hundred years old in commemoration of the merits of Peter the Great before the formation of this city:
There are monuments to Peter the Great in Kaliningrad, Kirov, Voronezh, Samara, Makhachkala and many other cities. Even Antwerp did not stand aside and immortalized the great Russian emperor:
There are many monuments to Peter 1 in different cities of Russia and not only. Narpimer: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh, Tula, Arkhangelsk, Samara, Azov, Kaliningrad Makhachkala, Petrozavodsk, Astrakhan, there is a monument in Poltava and other cities.
Peter the First is pretty famous person and there are quite a few monuments to him throughout Russia. Monuments to the Great Sovereign are installed in the following cities:
Astrakhan.
Saint Petersburg.
Arkhangelsk.
Nizhny Novgorod.
Petrozavodsk.
Taganrog.
There are a lot of monuments to Peter the Great in Russia. From what I managed to find, I will list the following cities - St. Petersburg, Moscow, Azov, Astrakhan, Petrozavodsk, Voronezh, Tula, Taganrog, Lipetsk, Samara, Poltava. Makhachkala, Arkhangelsk, Kaliningrad.
Lipetsk, Voronezh, Moscow, Tula, Kaliningrad, Sochi, Minsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, London.
There is, perhaps, no ruler who would be more deserving of the centuries-old memory of his compatriots than in Moscow, designed by the famous sculptor Z. Tsereteli, is considered one of the most controversial creations of the author.
Discussions around this monument have not ceased for a decade and a half, it causes many different opinions. From the point of view of artistic value, it is treated differently. Despite this, as an example of engineering art, it is unique.
Description of the monument
The monument to Peter the Great in Moscow is located on a reinforced concrete island, created specifically for its installation. The load-bearing base of the structure is made of stainless steel in the form of a frame on which a bronze cladding is installed. The figure of Peter, the ship and the lower segment of the monument were assembled separately and only after that they lined up on a common pedestal prepared in advance.
The ship's shrouds are peculiarly designed. They are made of metal cables connected to each other and swinging when the wind blows. In other words, the guys are made like real ones.
The monument is lined with high-quality bronze, which protects it from destructive influences. external environment. The figure of the emperor is covered with a special varnish for additional protection, which helps to preserve the color.
The ship's sails are hollow to lighten the top of the monument. They are based on a lightweight All fasteners of the monument are made of stainless steel to prevent corrosion. Inside the monument there is a staircase intended for restorers, installed for evaluation internal state designs.
As already mentioned, the bronze king stands on an artificial island. To imitate the movement of the ship on the waves, fountains are equipped in the bases of the island. When looking at the composition, it seems that the ship cuts through the waves.
History of creation
In world culture, there are many cases where unusual or strange sculptural compositions glorified their heroes and authors. For example, the monument to Wenceslas on a dead horse, located in the center of Prague, the Haddington pedestal depicting a shark crashing into the roof of a house, or the well-known Brussels pissing boy. The Monument to Peter I in Moscow can boast of its own attraction in the same way and entered the world's ten most "unsympathetic" buildings.
Monuments in other cities
Tsar Peter left the greatest mark in the history of our Fatherland as an extraordinary reformer, ruler, military leader and, undoubtedly, a great despot. Not only Moscow and St. Petersburg are famous for Peter's monuments.
There are monuments to Peter in Kaliningrad, Voronezh, Vyborg, Makhachkala, Samara, Sochi, Taganrog, Lipetsk and even in European cities - Riga, Antwerp, Rotterdam, London.
Several volumes are not enough to tell about how much Peter the Great did for Russia. The monument in Moscow and other cities will retain the appearance of the greatest of Russian monarchs for many decades.
A few words about the author
And the artist Zurab Konstantinovich Tsereteli was born in the city of Tbilisi, in 1934, three days before Christmas. Higher education he received at the Academy of Arts of the city of Tbilisi. Then he studied in France, where he met with outstanding painters - Chagall and Picasso.
The 60s in the life of the sculptor were marked by the beginning of active work in the monumental genre. One of the famous brainchild of Tsereteli is considered to be "Peter 1" - a monument in Moscow. His works are known not only in Russia and the CIS countries.
There are sculptures by Tsereteli in America (“Tear of Sorrow”, “Good Defeats Evil”), Great Britain (“Destroy the Wall of Distrust”), Spain (“Victory”).
Here, I myself wanted to make a review of the monuments to Peter I.
Today they are from Russian cities in St. Petersburg (many), Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Baltiysk, Biysk, Veliky Novgorod, Voronezh, Vyborg, Kaliningrad, Lipetsk (two), Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Petrozavodsk, Sochi, Taganrog, Tula, Shlisselburg, plus busts in Makhachkala, Yekaterinburg.
IN Soviet time, before the "rehabilitation" of Peter the Great in 1937, they managed to demolish almost all the existing ones, except for the Bronze Horseman and Voronezh. Then they began to restore, even under Stalin.
So, in Petrozavodsk, the monument was opened in 1873, dismantled in 1918, restored in 1940.
In Arkhangelsk, the monument was erected in 1914, demolished in 1920, restored in 1948.
In Vyborg and Voronezh, the monuments to Peter were demolished by foreign invaders, but restored in the 1950s.
But the most incredible story happened to Peter in Taganrog, where in the pre-war time the monument was first removed from sight, then in 1940 it was moved to the tip of the cape, then in 1943 it was solemnly opened by the Germans (!) In the center of the city, then after the liberation it was dismantled by the Soviet authorities (! ), but in 1948 it was restored again. In total, according to the research of the Taganrog local historian M.S. Kirichek, the monument to Peter I was moved from place to place 12 times!
Original taken from mamlas in Petra the First in sculpture
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Rulers of the Russian Empire
On September 5, 1997, a monument to Emperor Peter I was opened in Moscow. One of the most scandalous sculptures in the capital cost $16.5 million (at the rate of 1997 - 100 billion rubles) and provoked a protest from Muscovites, but the composition still towers over the Moscow River . Other monuments to Peter I throughout Russia were demolished and overthrown, and in Belgian Antwerp bronze statue the Russian emperor stands in defiance of the ban. The history of sculptures dedicated to the last tsar and the first emperor is in the Kommersant photo gallery. On this topic: Myths and facts about the Bronze Horseman
The most famous sculpture, depicting Peter I, installed on the Senate Square in St. Petersburg. The opening of the Bronze Horseman (sculptor Etienne Falcone) took place in 1782. Empress Catherine II, French thinkers Voltaire and Diderot took part in the discussion of the design. As planned, the monument symbolizes the victory of civilization, reason, human will over wildlife, which the pedestal represents. For him, in the vicinity of Horse Lakhta, a Thunder-stone was dug out, in its place there is still a reservoir called Petrovsky Pond.
2. Photo: Pavel Smertin
The monument to Peter I on an artificial island on the Moscow River was erected on September 5, 1997. The official name of the design is "In commemoration of the 300th anniversary of the Russian fleet." According to official figures, $16.5 million was spent on the construction of the giant sculpture (at the rate of 1997 - 100 billion rubles) at the rate of 1997. The construction has become one of the highest monuments in Russia: the height of the mast of the ship is 98 m, the statue of the emperor is 18 m. The media wrote that the statue of Peter is a remade statue of Columbus, which Zurab Tsereteli could not sell to the USA, Spain and Latin American countries. In Moscow, architects held several actions against the installation of the sculpture under the slogans "You were not standing here" and "Down with the Tsar."
3. Photo: Sergey Subbotin
The monument to Peter I in the Peter and Paul Fortress was erected in 1991. The sculptor Mikhail Shemyakin was inspired by the wax statue of the emperor, which was created by the Italian Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli (now kept in the Hermitage). Peter's head is an exact copy sculptures by Rastrelli, and the proportions of the body are increased by one and a half times - this creates a grotesque effect, Shemyakin is sure.
4. Photo: Yuri Kaver
The monument to Peter I in Arkhangelsk was erected in 1914 according to the project of the sculptor Mark Antokolsky, the pedestal was made by the monks Solovetsky Monastery. In 1920, the sculpture was demolished as a "metal image of the hydra of capitalism", and it lay for 13 years on the embankment of the Northern Dvina. In 1948, the monument was restored, since 1997 the sculpture has been depicted on a banknote of 500 rubles. (500,000 rubles before the 1998 denomination).
5. Photo: Jaime Silva
In 1918-1930, most of the monuments to Peter I in Russia were demolished under the pretext of "insignificant artistic value." However, some sculptures had copies abroad - like the statue of the Tsar Carpenter. The original monument was installed on the Neva embankment on June 27, 1909, and a year later a similar monument designed by the sculptor Leopold Bernshtam appeared in the Dutch Zaandam. In 1996, thanks to this copy, the sculpture of the king making a boat reappeared in St. Petersburg, in the old place.
6. Photo: Murray Howe
The Carpenter Tsar was part of an ensemble whose second sculpture, Peter the Great Rescuing Fishermen near Lakhta, was installed in St. Petersburg a year later. The plot of the monument is based on the legend of the death of the emperor - according to one version, Peter, returning from a trip to Shlisselburg in the fall of 1724, saw a boat with fishermen that had run aground near Lakhta, began to rescue them and caught a cold, which is why he died. The sculpture has not yet been restored, and its model, created by Leopold Bernshtam, is stored in the Peterhof Museum Complex.
7.
In Belgian Antwerp, it is legally prohibited to erect monuments to politicians, the only exception was the bronze statue of Peter I (sculptor Georgy Frangulyan), which was erected in 1998. The composition of the figure of the emperor and the disk, which symbolizes the map of the world, is set opposite the abbey of St. Michael, where Peter stayed in 1717. According to the sculptor's idea, one arm of the monument is 20 cm larger than the other, which makes the monument dynamic.
8.
Petrovsky park in Vyborg Leningrad region) another monument to Peter I Bernshtam was erected. The opening took place in June 1910 on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the capture of the city by Russian troops. After the independence of Finland was declared in April 1918, Finnish troops occupied Vyborg and threw the statue from its pedestal. The monument was planned to be sent for scrap to Germany, but the deal did not take place. During the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940, the monument to the emperor was returned to its original place, but already in the summer of 1941, the Finns again toppled the statue - this time its head was torn off. In 1954 bronze monument returned to the place where it still stands.
9. Photo: N. Kozlovsky
In 1903, a monument to Peter I as the founder of the city was unveiled in Taganrog (sculptor Antokolsky). The sculpture was installed on donations from the townspeople, the writer Anton Chekhov also invested his money. “This monument, better than which even a worldwide competition would not have given Taganrog, one cannot even dream of a better one. Near the sea it will be both picturesque, and majestic, and solemn, not to mention the fact that the statue depicts the real Peter, and, moreover, the Great, brilliant, full of great thoughts, strong, ”Chekhov wrote to his friend, doctor Pavel Iordanov.
15.02.2016
The Bronze Horseman is a monument to Peter the Great (the Great) in St. Petersburg, located on Senate Square. If you ask the natives of St. Petersburg what place they consider to be the heart of the city, many, without hesitation, will call this particular landmark of St. Petersburg. The monument to Peter the Great is surrounded by the buildings of the Synod and the Senate, the Admiralty and St. Isaac's Cathedral. Tens of thousands of tourists who come to the city consider it their duty to take pictures against the background of this monument, so it is almost always crowded here.
Monument to Peter the Great in St. Petersburg - the history of creation.
In the early sixties of the 18th century, Catherine II, wanting to emphasize her devotion to Peter's testaments, ordered the erection of a monument to the great reformer Peter I. To carry out the work, she, on the advice of her friend D. Diderot, invited French sculptor Etienne Falcone. In the middle of autumn 1766, he arrived in St. Petersburg, and the work began to boil.
At the very beginning of the project, disagreements arose in the vision of the future monument to Peter the Great. His appearance the empress discussed with the great philosophers and thinkers of that time, Voltaire and Diderot. Everyone had a different idea of building a composition. But the sculptor Etienne Falcone managed to convince the powerful ruler and defended his point of view. As conceived by the sculptor, Peter the Great will symbolize not only the great strategist who won many victories, but also the greatest creator, reformer and legislator.
Monument to Peter the Great Bronze Horseman - description.
The sculptor Etienne Falcone depicted Peter the Great as a horseman, dressed in simple robes, characteristic of all heroes. Peter 1 sits on a rearing horse, covered with a bearskin instead of a saddle. This symbolizes the victory of Russia over dense barbarism and its formation as a civilized state, and the outstretched palm over it indicates under whose protection it is. The pedestal, depicting a rock on which the bronze horseman climbs, speaks of the difficulties that had to be overcome along the way. A snake entangled under the horse's hind legs depicts enemies trying to prevent moving forward. While working on the layout, the sculptor could not succeed in Peter's head, his student brilliantly coped with this task. Falcone entrusted the work on the snake to the Russian sculptor Fyodor Gordeev.
The pedestal for the monument "The Bronze Horseman" in St. Petersburg.
To carry out such a grandiose plan, an appropriate pedestal was needed. For a long time the search for a suitable stone for this purpose did not bring results. I had to turn to the population through the newspaper "Sankt-Peterburgskiye Vedomosti" for help in the search. The result was not long in coming. Not far from the village of Konnaya Lakhta, which is only 13 kilometers from St. Petersburg, the peasant Semyon Vishnyakov discovered such a block long ago and intended to use it for his own purposes. It was called "Thunderstone" due to the fact that it was repeatedly subjected to lightning strikes.
The found granite monolith weighing about 1500 tons delighted the sculptor Etienne Falcone, but now he faced difficult task move the stone to St. Petersburg. Promising a reward for a successful solution, Falcone received a lot of projects, from which the best one was chosen. Mobile trough-shaped rails were built, in which there were copper alloy balls. It was along them that a granite block, immersed on a wooden platform, moved. It is noteworthy that in the pit left after the extraction of the Thunder-Stone, soil waters accumulated, forming a reservoir that has survived to this day.
Having waited for the cold weather, we started transporting the future pedestal. In mid-autumn 1769, the procession moved forward. Hundreds of people were recruited to complete the task. Among them were masons, who, without wasting time, carried out the processing of a stone block. At the end of March 1770, the pedestal was delivered to the place of loading onto the ship, and six months later it arrived in the capital.
Creation of the monument "The Bronze Horseman".
The Bronze Horseman, a monument to Peter the Great in St. Petersburg, conceived by the sculptor Falcone, was so grandiose in size that master B. Ersman, invited from France, refused to cast it. The difficulty was that the sculpture, having only three points of support, had to be cast in such a way as to lighten the front as much as possible. For this, the thickness of the bronze walls should not exceed 10 mm. The Russian caster Yemelyan Khailov came to the aid of the sculptor. During the casting, the unforeseen happened: the pipe burst through which the red-hot bronze entered the mold. Despite the threat to life, Emelyan did not quit his job and saved most of the statue. Only the upper part of the monument to Peter the Great was damaged.
After three years of preparation, a second casting was carried out, which turned out to be completely successful. To commemorate the success, the French master left an inscription among the numerous folds of the cloak, which reads "Sculpted and cast by Etienne Falconet, a Parisian of 1778." For unknown reasons, the relationship between the empress and the master went wrong, and he, without waiting for the installation of the bronze horseman, left Russia. Fedor Gordeev, who participated in the creation of sculpture from the very beginning, took over the leadership, and on August 7, 1782, the monument to Peter the Great in the city of St. Petersburg was inaugurated. The height of the monument was 10.4 meters.
Why is the monument to Peter the Great in St. Petersburg called "The Bronze Horseman"?
The monument to Peter the Great "The Bronze Horseman" immediately fell in love with the people of St. Petersburg, acquiring legends and funny stories, becoming a popular subject in literature and poetry. one of poetry it owes its current name. It was "The Bronze Horseman" by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. There is a belief among the townspeople, according to which one major during the war with Napoleon had a dream in which Peter the Great addressed him and said that as long as the monument stands in its place, no misfortunes threaten Petersburg. Listening to this dream, Emperor Alexander I canceled the upcoming evacuation of the monument. In the difficult years of the blockade, the monument was carefully covered from bombings.
During the years of existence of the monument "The Bronze Horseman" in St. Petersburg, restoration work has been repeatedly carried out. The first time I had to release more than a ton of water that had accumulated in the horse's stomach. Later, in order to prevent this, special drainage holes were made. Already in Soviet times, minor defects were eliminated and the pedestal was cleaned. Last works with the involvement of scientific specialists were produced in 1976. The originally conceived statue did not have a fence. But perhaps soon the monument to Peter the Great "The Bronze Horseman" will have to be protected from vandals desecrating it for fun.
