Higher education in Georgia. Breaking myths about education abroad

And , and . And today we are going to Georgia, where Alina Luneva lives, the mother of seven-year-old Oscar.

My name is Alina Luneva. My son Oscar is seven years old. We live in Georgia, in Tbilisi.

What are the schools

Schools in Georgia are very different. There are public schools, in which the education system is unified at the state level, and there are many in which the education system is unique for each school. Public Schools in Georgia, they are overcrowded, in classes - 30-40 people, children study in several shifts. With private a little easier. There less people in the classroom, there is always an after-school, children wear uniforms. Oscar is in second grade at a private Georgian school. Georgian - that is, training is conducted in the Georgian language. Before school, the son attended a Russian kindergarten.

There are many Russian kindergartens in Tbilisi, they are in demand not only by the Russian-speaking residents of the city, but also by the indigenous people. For example, in the son's group, 80% of the children were Georgians. Parents send them to Russian kindergartens so that the children speak Russian.

The academic year starts in mid-September and ends in mid-July. Holidays - a week in the fall, around mid-November, a week in the spring, in March, they coincide with the Georgian Mother's Day, and March 8th. Winter holidays are long - 2.5 weeks. Summer - usual, as in Russia, 3 months.

Daily routine in Georgian school

School starts at 9 am, the school day ends at 5:30-6:00 pm. There are 18 children in my son's class. Usually the guys have 5-6 lessons, each lasting 35 minutes. The curriculum includes the Georgian language, mathematics, and German languages, physical education, dance, music, choir, drawing and art classes.

At 12:00 at school there is a second breakfast, and at 14:30 - lunch. For breakfast, children are offered water and some kind of pastry - lobiani, khachapuri or a bun. Lunch is complex: there is always soup and a main course. Common food for children with a Georgian touch: for example, gupta (Georgian meatballs), chikhirtma (Georgian chicken soup), kharcho. After lunch, the children walk a little in the yard and return to the classroom to do homework. You can pick up the child earlier, but then you will have to take the task with you and do it at home. I usually pick up my son at 16:30, by which time the lessons have already been done. Around 17:00 they go out again if the weather is good.

Children do their homework at school. Every day except Friday. On Friday we pick up books and notebooks from school and do homework. The tasks are feasible, their volume too, there is no such thing that you need to spend half a day to complete. Maximum one and a half hours. The son, as a rule, makes them himself by 80%. I explain some tasks, supervise how he completes tasks in the Georgian language, translate and memorize words and phrases together. We learn poetry together.

How is the adaptation

The entire staff of the elementary school helped the child: the curator of the class, the teachers, and the deputy director. They showed patience, explained, made allowance for the fact that the son did not speak Georgian from the very beginning. They shared with me and asked for support in a situation where. But it was really rare.

My son is hyperactive and very playful, so he sometimes flirts and gets out of control. Once he was rude to the teacher, had a fight with a classmate. The teacher talked to me at the moment when I was picking up the child from school, described the situation, we talked it over with the teacher and son. The question has been settled.

During the first months of the first grade, it was difficult for my son to sit in the classroom, he went out into the corridor, walked. The deputy director used this situation to show him the school, the library, and chat. So the son unobtrusively got used to the school environment.

Parents at school have the opportunity to talk with the school psychologist. Before the start of training, at the introductory meeting, the psychologist held a general lecture for all parents. She talked about how this can manifest itself, gave how to behave with children. I myself internally prepared for the start of the school, read, talked with other parents.

school traditions

Our parents are not very involved in extracurricular life. We are invited to attend events, but not organize them. In the first grade, there was a meeting-acquaintance, where each mother, together with the child, could show something that they do together, or somehow express themselves, for example, sing or dance together. There was an event like "Merry Starts", fairs are held, but there are no joint excursions. Children travel and field trips with teachers. The main meeting place for parents is children's birthdays, which are usually held here in special children's centers for holidays. My favorite event is school charity fair. Children themselves sell those crafts that they made in art classes.

The main differences of the Georgian school

There is less stress, more loyalty to children, a flexible approach. Not all, of course, teachers, but nonetheless. For example, Oscar took a long time to get used to school. Already in the second half of the year, I learned from an art teacher that for the first two weeks he did not want to sit at his desk, walked around the class, slept at the table. However, the child was given time to get used to it without repression and without the involvement of parents. Moreover, having seen Oscar, the teacher does not require him to complete program tasks, but allows him to do other things in art classes, directs development, but without the desire to equalize.

And in Georgia there are no endless parent-teacher meetings. Parent meeting - once every six months. The rest of the issues are resolved through the Facebook group. If there is a personal request, you can meet personally with the director or teacher and discuss.

Specifically, in our school, I like the humanitarian approach: the guys learn many languages, develop creativity, there are good circles at the school, so you don’t have to rush around the city with your child, transporting him from section to section. But there are also disadvantages. For example, I want more clarity. However, in Georgia, you want more clarity everywhere.

Photo: Africa Studio/Zaitsava Olga/unguryanu/ZouZou/holbox/Pressmaster/Shutterstock.com

The "Higher Rhetorical School" - the Colchis Academy was founded. Education here was conducted in Georgian and Greek. Rhetoric, philosophy, physics, mathematics, logic were studied at the academy.

Middle Ages

At the beginning of the 11th century, Georgia became a centralized state, which affected the development of crafts, trade and culture. The development of culture was reflected in the development of education. Thus, founded in 1106 by King David IV the Builder, the Gelati Academy became one of the largest scientific and educational centers in the Middle East. Thinkers such as Ioane Petritsi and Ioane Shavsheli worked at the academy. They were engaged in translations and created original works. The academy taught geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, philosophy, grammar, rhetoric and music.

The influence of the Western European system of education and Byzantium on the school of medieval Georgia was quite strong. At the same time, teaching aids were used in schools, which reflected national traditions, features of history, language and culture.

19th century

In 1804, a school for noble children was opened in Tbilisi, which in 1830 was transformed into a gymnasium. It was the first official secular school from which some eminent figures new Georgian culture: Grigol Orbeliani, Dmitry Kipiani, Nikoloz Baratashvili. In 1850 a gymnasium opened in Kutaisi. At that time, boarding houses existed at both male and female gymnasiums.

In 1830, secular elementary schools were opened in seven districts of Georgia. To train clergy royal power created spiritual schools. In 1817 a theological seminary was opened in Tbilisi. Since 1818, theological district and parish schools began to open. Representatives of all classes were accepted in the seminary.

In large settlements private schools began to appear, in which children from wealthy families studied. By the 1940s, there were few rural schools for the peasantry, especially in western Georgia. In 1860, there were 145 educational institutions of all kinds in Georgia, in which there were 7850 students.

20th century

In 1914-1915, 1765 general education schools, of which 1,677 are elementary , with 157,100 students and 5,858 teachers .

At the beginning of the century, the literacy rate among the population was 21.9%. By 1927 this figure had risen to 47.5%. Despite government actions aimed at increasing the number of literate citizens, adult illiteracy was still high.

Modernity

Secondary education

Starts at age six. Has three levels: Primary School(6 years), basic school (3 years), secondary school (3 years). At the end of basic school, students receive a certificate of basic education, and at the end of the twelfth grade - a certificate of complete secondary education. Accepted ten-point system ratings .

Compulsory subjects include chemistry , physics , biology , geography , history , Georgian language , literature , one of the foreign languages ​​and mathematics .

Schools are governed by boards of trustees who elect school principals upon nomination from the Ministry of Education and Science.

As of 2012, 92.1% of people aged 5 to 14 attend educational establishments. There are 14-16 students for every teacher. Salaries of teachers depend on their experience and qualifications and are approximately equal to 137-200 US dollars.

Secondary special education

After the 9th grade of school, you can enter the first level of secondary vocational education. Three steps to a secondary diploma vocational education a certificate of complete secondary education of a vocational/technical secondary school or a specialized secondary school is issued.

Higher education

Higher education is paid. For admission to a university, you need to pass the Unified National Examination (UNE). This is an exam in 4 subjects: logical skills, Georgian language and literature, a foreign language and an elective exam.

There are 4 levels of higher education:

• Certified Specialist (bachelor of the first stage)
• Bachelor
• master
• PhD student

100% (point) and letter scoring system (from A to F) is used.

There are three types of higher education degrees: university, graduate and college.

Language of instruction

According to Georgian legislation, in general educational institutions the language of instruction is Georgian, and in Abkhazia, which is not controlled by the Georgian authorities, it is Abkhazian and Georgian. Citizens of Georgia, for whom Georgian is not their native language, have the right to receive education in their own language. mother tongue in accordance with curriculum. In specialized schools, whose activities are aimed at teaching children with hearing and visual impairments, sign language and Braille are used, respectively.

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Notes

Literature

• Colchis Academy // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov
• Gelati Academy // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M. : Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.

Links

An excerpt characterizing Education in Georgia

- How sweet she is, she will be, - said Denisov.
- Who?
“Mr. Athena Natasha,” answered Denisov.
- And how she dances, what a g "ation!" After a pause, he said again.
- Who are you talking about?
“About your sister,” Denisov shouted angrily.
Rostov chuckled.
– Mon cher comte; vous etes l "un de mes meilleurs ecoliers, il faut que vous dansiez," said little Yogel, approaching Nikolai. "Voyez combien de jolies demoiselles. [Dear count, you are one of my best students. You need to dance. Look how much pretty girls!] - He turned with the same request to Denisov, also his former student.
- Non, mon cher, je fe "ai tapisse" ie, [No, my dear, I'll sit by the wall,] said Denisov. "Don't you remember how badly I used your lessons?"
- Oh no! – hastily comforting him, said Yogel. - You were only inattentive, but you had the ability, yes, you had the ability.
The newly introduced mazurka began to play; Nikolai could not refuse Yogel and invited Sonya. Denisov sat down next to the old women and leaned on his saber, stomping to the beat, telling something merrily and making the old ladies laugh, looking at the dancing youth. Yogel in the first pair danced with Natasha, his pride and best student. Softly, gently moving his feet in his shoes, Yogel was the first to fly across the hall with Natasha, who was timid, but diligently doing her steps. Denisov did not take his eyes off her and tapped time with his saber, with an air that clearly said that he himself did not dance only because he did not want to, and not because he could not. In the middle of the figure, he called to him Rostov, who was passing by.
“That's not it at all,” he said. - Is this a Polish mazu "ka? And she dances well." Knowing that Denisov was even famous in Poland for his skill in dancing the Polish mazurka, Nikolai ran up to Natasha:
- Go ahead, choose Denisov. Here she is dancing! Miracle! - he said.
When it was Natasha's turn again, she stood up and quickly fingering her shoes with bows, timidly, ran alone through the hall to the corner where Denisov was sitting. She saw that everyone was looking at her and waiting. Nikolai saw that Denisov and Natasha were arguing with a smile, and that Denisov refused, but smiled happily. He ran.
“Please, Vasily Dmitritch,” Natasha said, “let’s go, please.”
“Yes, thank you, Mrs. Athena,” said Denisov.
“Well, that’s enough, Vasya,” said Nikolai.
“It’s like Vaska is being persuaded,” Denisov said jokingly.
“I will sing to you all evening,” said Natasha.
- The sorceress will do everything with me! - said Denisov and unfastened his saber. He stepped out from behind the chairs, firmly took his lady by the hand, raised his head and put his foot aside, expecting tact. Only on horseback and in a mazurka was Denisov's small stature not visible, and he seemed to be the same fine fellow as he himself felt. After waiting for a beat, he looked at his lady from the side, victoriously and jokingly, unexpectedly tapped with one foot and, like a ball, rebounded resiliently from the floor and flew along in a circle, dragging his lady with him. He silently flew half the hall on one leg, and seemed not to see the chairs standing in front of him and rushed straight at them; but suddenly, snapping his spurs and spreading his legs, he stopped on his heels, stood like that for a second, with a roar of spurs, his feet tapped in one place, quickly turned around and, snapping his left foot with his right, again flew in a circle. Natasha guessed what he intended to do, and, not knowing how herself, followed him - surrendering to him. Now he circled her, now on his right, then on his left hand, then falling to his knees, circled her around him, and again jumped up and rushed forward with such swiftness, as if he intended, without taking a breath, to run across all the rooms; then he would suddenly stop again and make another new and unexpected knee. When he, briskly circling the lady in front of her seat, clicked his spur, bowing in front of her, Natasha did not even sit down to him. She fixed her eyes on him in bewilderment, smiling as if she did not recognize him. – What is it? she said.
Despite the fact that Yogel did not recognize this mazurka as real, everyone was delighted with the skill of Denisov, they incessantly began to choose him, and the old people, smiling, began to talk about Poland and about the good old days. Denisov, flushed from the mazurka and wiping himself with a handkerchief, sat down next to Natasha and did not leave her the whole ball.

Two days after this, Rostov did not see Dolokhov at his home and did not find him at home; on the third day he received a note from him. “Since I no longer intend to visit your house for reasons known to you and I’m going to the army, this evening I give my friends a farewell feast - come to an English hotel.” Rostov at 10 o'clock, from the theater, where he was with his friends and Denisov, arrived on the appointed day at the English hotel. He was immediately taken to the best room in the hotel, occupied by Dolokhov that night. About twenty people crowded around the table, in front of which Dolokhov sat between two candles. Gold and banknotes lay on the table, and Dolokhov threw the bank. After the proposal and refusal of Sonya, Nikolai had not yet seen him and was confused at the thought of how they would meet.
Dolokhov's bright, cold gaze met Rostov at the door, as if he had been waiting for him for a long time.
“Long time no see,” he said, “thank you for coming.” That's just home, and Ilyushka will appear with the choir.
“I stopped by to see you,” Rostov said, blushing.
Dolokhov did not answer him. “You can bet,” he said.
Rostov remembered at that moment a strange conversation he had once had with Dolokhov. “Only fools can play for luck,” Dolokhov said then.
Or are you afraid to play with me? Dolokhov said now, as if he had guessed Rostov's thought, and smiled. Because of his smile, Rostov saw in him that mood of spirit that he had during dinner at the club and in general at those times when, as if bored with everyday life, Dolokhov felt the need to get out of it by some strange, mostly cruel act. .
Rostov felt uncomfortable; he searched and did not find in his mind a joke that would answer Dolokhov's words. But before he could do this, Dolokhov, looking straight into Rostov's face, slowly and deliberately, so that everyone could hear, said to him:
- Do you remember, we talked about the game with you ... a fool who wants to play for luck; I should probably play, but I want to try.
"Try for luck, or perhaps?" thought Rostov.
“Besides, don’t play,” he added, and cracking a torn deck, he added: “A bank, gentlemen!
Pushing the money forward, Dolokhov prepared to throw. Rostov sat down beside him and at first did not play. Dolokhov looked at him.
Why don't you play? Dolokhov said. And strangely, Nikolai felt the need to take a card, put a small sum on it and start the game.
“I don’t have any money with me,” Rostov said.
- I believe!
Rostov put 5 rubles on the card and lost, put another and lost again. Dolokhov killed, that is, he won ten cards in a row from Rostov.
“Gentlemen,” he said after a few moments, “please put money on cards, otherwise I might get confused in the accounts.”
One of the players said that he hoped he could be trusted.
- You can believe, but I'm afraid to get confused; I ask you to put money on cards, - Dolokhov answered. "Don't be shy, we'll deal with you," he added to Rostov.
The game went on: the footman, without ceasing, served champagne.
All the cards of Rostov were beaten, and up to 800 tons of rubles were written on it. He wrote 800 tons of rubles over one card, but while he was being served champagne, he changed his mind and wrote again an ordinary kush, twenty rubles.
- Leave it, - said Dolokhov, although he did not seem to be looking at Rostov, - you will soon win back. I give to others, but I beat you. Or are you afraid of me? he repeated.
Rostov obeyed, left the written 800 and placed a seven of hearts with a corner torn off, which he picked up from the ground. He remembered her well afterwards. He placed the seven of hearts, writing 800 above it in broken off chalk, in round, straight figures; drank the served glass of warmed champagne, smiled at Dolokhov's words, and with bated breath, waiting for the seven, began to look at Dolokhov's hands, holding the deck. Winning or losing this seven of hearts meant a lot to Rostov. On Sunday last week, Count Ilya Andreich gave his son 2,000 rubles, and he, who never liked to talk about financial difficulties, told him that this money was the last until May, and that therefore he asked his son to be more economical this time. Nikolai said that it was too much for him, and that he gave his word of honor not to take more money until spring. Now 1,200 rubles remained of this money. Therefore, the seven of hearts meant not only the loss of 1,600 rubles, but also the need to change this word. With bated breath, he looked at Dolokhov’s hands and thought: “Well, hurry up, give me this card, and I’ll take my cap, go home to dinner with Denisov, Natasha and Sonya, and surely there will never be a card in my hands.” At that moment, his home life, jokes with Petya, conversations with Sonya, duets with Natasha, a picket with his father, and even a quiet bed in the Cook's House, presented themselves to him with such force, clarity and charm, as if all this had long passed, lost and invaluable happiness. He could not allow that a stupid accident, forcing the seven to lie first on the right than on the left, could deprive him of all this newly understood, newly illuminated happiness and plunge him into the abyss of an as yet unexperienced and indefinite misfortune. It could not be, but he still waited with bated breath for the movement of Dolokhov's hands. These broad-boned, reddish hands, with hair visible from under their shirts, laid down a deck of cards and took up the glass and pipe being served.

Children come to school at the age of 6 and study for 12 years (classes). During this time, children go through 3 stages:

• Primary school - 6 years.
• Basic school - 3 years.
• high school- 3 years.

Much attention is paid to computerization in Georgian schools: each first grade student receives a netbook (a gift from the President) for recording and doing homework. These computers are manufactured in Georgia based on Intel processors. Installed on computers special program which makes the learning process more interesting. Remarkably, this applies not only to urban, but also to rural schools. But the main training is carried out traditionally, according to textbooks. Textbooks are issued free of charge at the beginning of the year, and at the end of the year they are returned to the library.

Learning foreign languages

Foreign language taught from first grade. In Georgia, the majority of schoolchildren already at the stage of basic school are fluent in English language. From the fifth grade, schoolchildren begin to study a second foreign language of their choice, many schools choose Russian. Previously, they started learning a second foreign language from the seventh grade, but there was a lot of dissatisfaction among teachers and parents, so starting from this year, the second foreign language is studied from the fifth grade, and the third, chosen by the students, from the tenth grade.

Georgia has adopted a ten-point grading system. After the 9th grade, the student receives a document confirming his successful completion of the basic school. After another three years, a certificate of complete secondary education is issued.

Organization school life in Georgia is supervised boards of trustees(The board of trustees of the school includes teachers, parents and students). Boards of Trustees, with the participation of the Ministry of Education, choose school principals. After testing, an interview at the Ministry of Education, candidates for the post of director present their strategic plan for the development of the school to the board of trustees, and the board of trustees selects a director from several candidates.

For admission to higher educational institutions, it is necessary to pass exams in compulsory subjects:

• Foreign language (optional).
• Mathematics.
• Georgian language.

And also for those subjects that the university offers for admission to a certain specialty:

• Literature.
• Story.
• Geography.
• Biology.
• Chemistry.
• Physics.

In the 12th grade, in addition to the main compulsory subjects for applicants, additional lessons are given in those subjects that they take at the entrance exams for the corresponding program. Attendance at these classes is not monitored.

Instead of physical education lessons, sports lessons are held, school leagues for different types sports.

New subjects being studied: World culture, civil self-defense and security. From the 11th grade, another subject is being studied - “Road signs and traffic safety”.

Teachers in Georgia

Teachers of Georgian schools deserve special attention. Their wage directly depends on the results of special testing. Every five years, the Ministry of Education monitors general knowledge: Georgian language and history, as well as the subject in which the teacher specializes. In addition to the basic provisions, the control system includes knowledge of the English language and knowledge of ICT. If the teacher passes the certification with excellent results, he will receive a significant salary increase. Certification and refresher courses are required.

This year is being implemented new scheme teacher professional development. The subject certification exams remain valid, but the Professional Skills exam, Integrated exam (ICT + English) is no longer required. The main innovation is that teachers are divided into three categories:

• Category 1 - uncertified teachers
• Category 2 is all certified teachers
• Category 3 - Doctors of Science practicing at the school

To move from one category to another, you need to collect the required number of "credits" within 3-4 years. One form of collecting "credits" is to pass an exam in a subject, but there are also many other options: trainings, teacher conferences, integrated lessons, authorship and co-authorship of a printed book, inclusive education, and more.

After reforms in the field of education and intensive study of the English language, more than 1,000 foreign teachers who speak English and other languages ​​have entered Georgia. These are teachers from the USA, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Great Britain and other countries. Teachers are invited at the request of the school.

Together with state school institutions in Georgia, they are engaged in pedagogical activity and private schools. They are most common at large higher educational institutions.

The program has been running since 2012. "Georgian language for future prosperity". It involves teaching the Georgian language in Kvemo-Kartli (Lower Kartli) and Samtskhe-Javakheti (remote regions of Georgia), where the main population is Armenians and Azerbaijanis. More than 500 volunteers go to these places and teach the local population the Georgian language in non-Georgian schools. For greater motivation, those students who complete Grade 12 with an average of the highest scores receive a silver or gold medal, and students who completed grade 9 with 10 points are awarded with personal computers.

There are also national olympiads, where the winners are awarded with cash prizes and trips to summer camps. In 2012, more than 100 schools in Georgia opened the so-called classrooms of the future, equipped with state-of-the-art technology.

All assistance is provided by the state for development inclusive education. All schools have a special teacher who helps teachers in working with children with disabilities.

Interaction with parents

The scheme of interaction between school and students, school and parents has changed. The state stopped funding the schools themselves but finances students. A financial voucher, which is given to the student free of charge, allows him to choose which school to study at and contribute his funds. Parents themselves can take part in controlling the school budget by joining the board of trustees. The board of trustees includes teachers, parents and students.

The so-called "mandate" schools are involved in the schools, their main task is to ensure security and discipline. Thanks to their work in schools, cases of violence were reduced by 94%, vandalism by 98%, and the facts of carrying weapons by 97%.

Each school is an independent legal entity. This allows you to have an independent bank account. The school can accept donations, rent out premises in order to receive additional funds.

Graduation and entrance exams

In order to reduce corruption, the Ministry of Education has withdrawn attestation and entrance examinations from the competence of schools and higher educational institutions. For these purposes, a special examination center was created.

The two student testing systems are completely different. Certification exams are compiled by an independent automated program online with a closed Internet connection. Students answer questions while in their classrooms. The exam is held under audio and video surveillance. Also on testing are observers from other schools. The content of the exams includes a knowledge program starting from the 6th grade.

In fact, a unique program was developed for testing Georgian schoolchildren, which independently adjusts to the knowledge of the student. If the child answered incorrectly, then the next question will automatically be less difficult, if it is true, then the new task is an order of magnitude higher both in complexity and in points.

Passing the entrance exams to a higher educational institution, the student must prepare in 4 subjects:

• Georgian language.
• Foreign language (most often English - about 70%).
• Skills (logic). Includes a verbal part and a math test. The test is based on the test of logical thinking.
• Subject of choice (depending on the requirements of the chosen university).

English is a must. For admission to a university, students can choose another:

• Russian.
• French.
• German.

IN Lately English was the most popular, followed by Russian, German and French.

For admission to a particular university, the scores obtained during the entrance exams are important. Neither the grades of the school certificate nor the presence of a gold medal affect the result.

Secondary specialized and higher education

Behind recent decades The education sector has gone through a lot of reforms. According to the teachers and officials themselves, corruption in this area has been reduced to zero. For example, before 2003, getting into a higher education institution without a serious amount of money or influential relatives was almost impossible. Now everything is decided on the basis of the results of the Unified National Exam - an analogue of the Unified State Exam, which is valid on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The priority of educational reforms is the result, openness, equality of citizens.

Students who have completed the 9th grade have the opportunity to enter the first level of secondary vocational education. After three years of study, in addition to a diploma of secondary vocational education, the student receives a certificate of complete secondary education from a technical / vocational school.

Higher education in Georgia is divided into 4 levels:

• Bachelor's degree of the first stage (graduated specialist).
• Undergraduate.
• Master's degree.
• Doctorate.

Grades have either point system, or alphabetic.

All higher education in Georgia is paid. The government has set a specific cost of education. For example, the price for a year of study at a bachelor's degree is 2225 lari, which is approximately 56 thousand rubles. Private institutions can raise the cost regardless of government consent, so the cost of education in such institutions can reach 200 thousand rubles.

When passing a single entrance exam, the number of points scored by the child is taken into account. For high scores, the student receives a grant from the state to pay for tuition. With the highest results, the state finances 100% of the cost of education, then you can get help to reimburse 70, 50 percent.

The student has the right to transfer from one institution of higher education to another for a fee. Since Georgia is a participant in the Bologna process, schoolchildren's certificates are valid in any state in the world with a similar system.

Currently, most major educational institutions accept foreign students from the Middle East and neighboring countries. Are in special demand medical universities. And vice versa, Georgian students are becoming not a rarity, but a pattern in foreign countries. educational institutions top level: Yale, Cambridge, Oxford. At the expense of a special fund, the best students receive funding for living and studying abroad.

The Ministry of Education and Sciences of Georgia is pursuing its educational policy in a concrete, public way, which is recognized throughout the world. Specialists who are fluent in English and computer technology will always be in demand not only in their own country, but also abroad.

Photo: Georgy Bazaev, Private school"Intellect", Tbilisi, Georgia.Thank you for your help in writing the article: Nestan Beridze (additions andedits), Irma Pkhakadze, Lelu Chorgolashvili, Nikolaz Chkhartishvili.

BAKU, Oct 7 - Sputnik, Irada Jalil. The problem of shortage of personnel in schools teaching in the Azerbaijani language in Georgia will become extremely aggravated over the next few years, it is necessary to sound the alarm and act now.

"There are international laws adopted throughout the world, according to which citizens can enter foreign universities without exams, through an interview. But Azerbaijanis who come to study from Georgia are not regarded as foreigners and pass entrance exams," he said.

At the same time, he noted that our compatriots from Georgia, entering Azerbaijani universities, can, as foreigners, study only at a paid department. As a result, there are almost no Georgian Azerbaijanis in Azerbaijani universities, he complained.

According to Asadov, the most optimal way to solve the personnel problem is to open an Azerbaijani Pedagogical University, and this can only happen with the support of the Azerbaijani state. Another option is to create a branch or department in one of the universities in Georgia, but this option will not be effective, he continued.

It is also possible to help students return to Georgia after studying in Gazakh or Baku, but this will most likely not give the desired result: "Such students, having lived for several years away from Georgia, will forget the Georgian language. And students of an Azerbaijani pedagogical university in Georgia could learn to teach subjects in Azeri and at the same time improve their Georgian.”

At the same time, Asadov pointed to the expediency of sending Azerbaijani teachers to Georgia, rather than local students to Azerbaijan.

The education system of Georgia was formed on original national principles. The most famous center, where the origins of the education of Georgia, belongs to the 17th century. This is the Gelati monastery, which stood on a par with the universities of Paris and Bologna.

At the beginning of the 20th century, national traditions and the desire for a new life overcame the mass illiteracy of the republic, and in the 80s justifiably secured the reputation of an educated nation for the Georgian nation. Today, in 75% of general education Georgian schools, teaching is conducted in the Georgian language. And in educational institutions of higher education - at 100%. But the economic and political instability of the 90s predetermined the subsequent problems of destruction and the difficulties of preserving the educational system of the republic. Sovereignty, which was not easy for Georgia, violated all financial injections from the budget Russian Federation, thus eliminating the second most important source of funding.

preschool education

The difficulties of financing the education system of sovereign Georgia dealt a tangible blow, first of all, to the functioning and development of Georgian preschool institutions. In a short period of time (2 years), the number of children attending kindergartens has decreased significantly due to the introduction of a monthly parental fee, the amount of which averaged $14. Fortunately, the remaining preschool institutions with a smaller fee, they could generally provide both maintenance and food for the children staying. But the quality of these services left much to be desired. The system of municipal food procurement for kindergartens has been laboriously regulating its work since 1992 and for 3 years.

The emergence of private general education schools in Georgia is a clear indicator of the unstable situation prevailing in the municipal education system and secondary education in Georgia as a whole. The problems are the same: maintenance, nutrition, development. Fees in private schools are prohibitively high, but, as the results of examination tests show, justified. Municipal schools get out of a difficult situation in the traditional way: they are looking for charitable partner assistance in the West, and more often - representatives from local patronage. And today it's the only one the right decision heads of Georgian educational institutions. As a result of this division, an objective situation of competition arises. But therefore, all educational institutions of the West have passed the way.

A similar situation is now observed at the level of higher education. The structure of universities is noticeably divided into public and commercial. Needless to say, the number of applicants to the latter is much higher than the number of applicants (and students) of the state, who have only one thing left: to register and open licensed private educational services. These are some specialties and faculties in the spirit of economics and modern politics. Of course, the honor of the country in the direction of training highly qualified personnel is supported by the head of state - universities are opened with the founding right of partnership between Georgia and abroad. But this option does not give absolute guarantees for the long term, primarily financial stability. That is why the payment for education will not decrease, but will grow. The famous School of European Management Education in Georgia is funded by the Shevardnadze Foundation.

Of course, all teaching is provided by the best staff of European scale and special training. However, the tuition fee for this School is at least $500 per year, which is in line with Western standards, but hardly affordable for the average Georgian student and family. The Tbilisi branch of the university in Hawaii, created not without the influence of the head of state, educates young talents in diplomacy, government and media law for 7 thousand dollars a year, while a graduate can only apply for a bachelor's degree. The expected result "surpassed" itself: the number of enrolled applicants in the summer of 1994 amounted to 20 people.

Joint with the National Academy of Public and political science with the Institute of Public Administration of Georgia prepares specialists in training programs using teaching aids, analogues of which exist only in American universities. The tuition fee is over $10,000. Of course, quality is the main task, but how many specialists does Georgia receive and will receive in the end? Where the graduates of these universities will be employed is still an open question, or maybe a deliberately closed one.But in the Republic of Abkhazia ( a prime example– Gali district) the policy towards the education system is completely opposite.The government of the republic adopted a resolution on the Russian language as a mandatory and basic language for teaching in schools. The Georgian language in the educational system of Abkhazia is given to oblivion. Although most of the students (respectively, their families) are Georgians.

Summarizing all that has been said, one thing should be taken into account: the education system of Georgia is going through a difficult time in its history. The government does not yet see an opportunity to improve the current situation, and it is not solved overnight. Subsidizing the educational industry is an even more difficult issue. The responses of American investors have had their results so far - good results of the results of the Unified State Examination. But patriarchal Georgia knows well that until order is restored inside its house, no compassionate guest will do it. And, therefore, the head of the Georgian state in relation to the educational system needs to make immediate and cardinal decisions.