What poetic works did Hoffmann write? Mysterious and many-sided E.T.A
He graduated from the University of Koenigsberg, where he studied legal law.
After a short practice in the court of the city of Glogau (Glogow), Hoffmann successfully passed the exam for the rank of assessor in Berlin and was assigned to Poznan.
In 1802, after a scandal caused by his caricature of a representative of the upper class, Hoffmann was transferred to the Polish town of Plock, which in 1793 was ceded to Prussia.
In 1804, Hoffmann moved to Warsaw, where he devoted all his leisure time to music, several of his musical stage works were staged in the theater. Through the efforts of Hoffmann, the Philharmonic Society was organized and Symphony Orchestra.
In 1808-1813 he served as bandmaster at the theater in Bamberg (Bavaria). During the same period, he worked as a singing lesson for the daughters of the local nobility. Here he wrote the operas Aurora and Duettini, which he dedicated to his student Julia Mark. In addition to operas, Hoffmann was the author of symphonies, choirs, and chamber compositions.
His first articles were placed on the pages of the Universal Musical Gazette, of which he had been an employee since 1809. Hoffmann imagined music as a special world capable of revealing to a person the meaning of his feelings and passions, as well as comprehending the nature of everything mysterious and inexpressible. A vivid expression of musical aesthetic views Hoffmann were his short stories "Cavalier Gluck" (1809), "Musical Sufferings of Johann Kreisler, Kapellmeister" (1810), "Don Giovanni" (1813), dialogue "Poet and Composer" (1813). Hoffmann's stories were later combined in the collection Fantasies in the Spirit of Callot (1814-1815).
In 1816, Hoffmann returned to public service as an adviser to the Berlin Court of Appeal, where he served until the end of his life.
In 1816, the most famous opera Hoffmann's "Ondine", but the fire that destroyed all the scenery put an end to her great success.
After that, in addition to his service, he devoted himself literary work. The collection "Serapion's Brothers" (1819-1821), the novel "Everyday Views of Cat Murr" (1820-1822) earned Hoffmann worldwide fame. The fairy tale "The Golden Pot" (1814), the novel "Devil's Elixir" (1815-1816), the story in the spirit of the fairy tale "Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober" (1819) gained fame.
Hoffmann's novel "The Lord of the Fleas" (1822) led to conflict with the Prussian government, compromising parts of the novel were withdrawn and published only in 1906.
Since 1818, the writer developed a disease of the spinal cord, which for several years led to paralysis.
June 25, 1822 Hoffmann died. He was buried in the third cemetery of the Church of John of Jerusalem.
Hoffmann's works influenced German composers Carl Maria von Weber, Robert Schumann, Richard Wagner. The poetic images of Hoffmann were embodied in the works of composers Schumann ("Kreisleriana"), Wagner ("Flying Dutchman"), Tchaikovsky ("The Nutcracker"), Adolphe Adam ("Giselle"), Leo Delibes ("Coppelia"), Ferruccio Busoni (" The Choice of the Bride"), Paul Hindemith ("Cardillac") and others. The plots for the operas were the works of Hoffmann "Master Martin and his apprentices", "Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober", "Princess Brambilla" and others. Hoffmann is the hero of the operas by Jacques Offenbach "Tales of Hoffmann".
Hoffmann was married to the daughter of the Poznań clerk Michalina Rohrer. Their only daughter Cecilia died at the age of two.
In the German city of Bamberg, in the house where Hoffmann and his wife lived on the second floor, a writer's museum has been opened. In Bamberg there is a monument to the writer holding the cat Murr in his arms.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources
German literature
Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann
Biography
Hoffmann, Ernst Theodor Amadeus (Hoffman, Ernst Theodor Amadeus) (1776−1822), German writer, composer and artist, in whose fantasy stories and novels embodied the spirit of German romanticism. Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann was born on January 24, 1776 in Königsberg (East Prussia). Already in early age discovered the talents of a musician and draftsman. He studied law at the University of Königsberg, then served as a judicial officer in Germany and Poland for twelve years. In 1808, the love of music prompted Hoffmann to take the post of theater bandmaster in Bamberg, six years later he conducted the orchestra in Dresden and Leipzig. In 1816 he returned to public service as an adviser to the Berlin Court of Appeal, where he served until his death on July 24, 1822.
Hoffmann took up literature late. The most significant collections of short stories are Fantasies in the manner of Callot (Fantasiestcke in Callots Manier, 1814−1815), Night stories in the manner of Callot (Nachtstcke in Callots Manier, 2 vol., 1816−1817) and the Serapion Brothers (Die Serapionsbrder, 4 vol., 1819). −1821); dialogue about the problems of the theater The extraordinary suffering of a theater director (Seltsame Leiden eines Theaterdirektors, 1818); a story in the spirit of a fairy tale Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober (Klein Zaches, genannt Zinnober, 1819); and two novels - The Devil's Elixir (Die Elexiere des Teufels, 1816), a brilliant study of the problem of duality, and Worldly Views of the Cat Murr (Lebensansichten des Kater Murr, 1819−1821), partly autobiographical work full of wit and wisdom. Among the most famous stories Hoffmann, which were included in the mentioned collections, belong to fairy tale The Golden Pot (Die Goldene Topf), the gothic story Mayorat (Das Mayorat), a realistic psychological story about a jeweler who cannot part with his creations, Mademoiselle de Scudery (Das Frulein von Scudry) and a cycle of musical short stories in which it is rare the spirit of some musical compositions and images of composers are successfully recreated. Brilliant fantasy, combined with a strict and transparent style, provided Hoffmann with a special place in German literature. The action of his works almost never took place in distant lands - as a rule, he placed his incredible heroes in an everyday setting. Hoffmann had a strong influence on E. Poe and some French writers; several of his stories served as the basis for the libretto famous opera- The Tale of Hoffmann (1870) by J. Offenbach. All the works of Hoffmann testify to his talents as a musician and artist. He illustrated many of his works himself. Of the musical works of Hoffmann, the most famous was the opera Undine, first staged in 1816; among his writings - chamber music, mass, symphony. How musical critic he showed in his articles such an understanding of the music of L. Beethoven, which few of his contemporaries could boast of. Hoffmann revered Mozart so deeply that he even changed one of his names, Wilhelm, to Amadeus. He influenced the work of his friend K.M. von Weber, and R. Schumann was so impressed by the works of Hoffmann that he named his Kreisleriana in honor of Kapellmeister Kreisler, the hero of several of Hoffmann's works.
Hoffmann Ernst Theodor Amadeus, German writer, composer and artist, was born on January 24, 1776 in Königsberg in the family of a Prussian lawyer. In 1778, the marriage of his parents broke up, so Hoffmann and his mother moved to the house of the Derfers, relatives on the maternal side.
Having discovered musical and artistic talents at an early age, Hoffmann, however, chooses the profession of a lawyer and in 1792 enters the University of Königsberg. Vain attempts to earn a living with art lead Hoffmann to public service - for 12 years he has been a judicial officer. He is a passionate music lover, in 1814 he still receives the post of conductor of the orchestra in Dresden, but in 1815 he loses his position and returns to the hated jurisprudence. It was during this period that Hoffmann was fond of literary activity.
In Berlin, he publishes the novel "Devil's Elixir", the short stories "The Sandman", "The Church of the Jesuits", which are included in the collection "Night Stories". In 1819, Hoffmann creates one of his most prominent stories - "Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober."
The artistic word has become for the writer the main means of expressing the inner "I", the only way embodying one's attitude towards outside world and its inhabitants. In Berlin, Hoffmann is gaining literary success, he is published in the almanacs "Urania" and "Notes of Love and Friendship", his earnings increase, but he is only enough to visit drinking establishments, for which the author had a weakness.
An extraordinary fantasy, told in a strict and understandable style, brings Hoffmann literary fame. The author places his paradoxical heroes in an unremarkable everyday environment, such a contrast creates an indescribable atmosphere for Hoffmann's fairy tales. Despite this, eminent critics do not recognize the work of Hoffmann, since his satirical works do not correspond to the canons of German romanticism. Abroad, Hoffmann is becoming more famous, Belinsky and Dostoevsky speak of his creations.
Hoffmann's literary heritage is not limited to phantasmagoric stories. As a music critic, he publishes several articles on the works of Beethoven and Mozart.
HOFFMANN, ERNST THEODOR AMADEUS(Hoffman, Ernst Theodor Amadeus) (1776–1822), German writer, composer and artist whose fantastic stories and novels embodied the spirit of German Romanticism. Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann was born on January 24, 1776 in Königsberg (East Prussia). Already at an early age, he discovered the talents of a musician and draftsman. He studied law at the University of Königsberg, then served as a judicial officer in Germany and Poland for twelve years. In 1808, the love of music prompted Hoffmann to take the post of theater bandmaster in Bamberg, six years later he conducted the orchestra in Dresden and Leipzig. In 1816 he returned to public service as an adviser to the Berlin Court of Appeal, where he served until his death on July 24, 1822.
Hoffmann took up literature late. The most significant collections of short stories Fantasies in the manner of Callot (Fantasiestucke in Callots Manier, 1814–1815), Night stories in the manner of Callot (Nachtstucke in Callots Manier, 2 vol., 1816–1817) and Serapion brothers (Die Serapionsbrüder, 4 vol., 1819-1821); dialogue about the problems of theatrical business The Extraordinary Sufferings of a Theater Director (Seltsame Leiden eines Theater directors, 1818); fairy tale story Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober (Klein Zaches, genannt Zinnober, 1819); and two novels Devil's Elixir (Die Elexiere des Teufels, 1816), a brilliant study of the problem of duality, and Worldly beliefs of the cat Murr (Lebensansichten des Kater Murr, 1819-1821), partly autobiographical work, full of wit and wisdom. The fairy tale golden pot (Die Golden Topf), gothic tale Majorat (Das Mayorat), a realistic psychological story about a jeweler who is unable to part with his creations, Mademoiselle de Scudery (Das Fraulein von Scudery) and a cycle of musical short stories, in which the spirit of some musical compositions and images of composers are extremely successfully recreated.
Brilliant fantasy, combined with a strict and transparent style, provided Hoffmann with a special place in German literature. The action of his works almost never took place in distant lands - as a rule, he placed his incredible heroes in an everyday setting. Hoffmann had a strong influence on E. Poe and some French writers; several of his stories served as the basis for the libretto of the famous opera - Hoffmann's Tale(1870) J. Offenbach.
All the works of Hoffmann testify to his talents as a musician and artist. He illustrated many of his works himself. Of Hoffmann's musical compositions, opera was the most famous. Undine (Undine), first staged in 1816; among his compositions are chamber music, a mass, a symphony. As a music critic, he showed in his articles such an understanding of L. Beethoven's music that few of his contemporaries could boast of. Hoffmann revered so deeply
Tales of Hoffmann and his best work - The Nutcracker. Mysterious and unusual, with deepest meaning and a reflection of reality. Hoffmann's tales are advised to read by the golden fund of world literature.
Tales of Hoffmann read
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Brief biography of Hoffmann
Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann, now known as Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann, was born in Königsberg in 1776. Hoffmann changed his name already in adulthood, adding to it Amadeus in honor of Mozart, the composer whose work he admired. And it was this name that became a symbol of a new generation of fairy tales from Hoffmann, which both adults and children began to read with rapture.
The future was born famous writer and composer Hoffmann in the family of a lawyer, but his father divorced his mother when the boy was still very young. Ernst was raised by his grandmother and uncle, who, by the way, also practiced as a lawyer. It was he who raised in a boy creative personality and drew attention to his penchant for music and drawing, although he insisted that Hoffmann receive a law degree and work in law to ensure an acceptable standard of living. Ernst was grateful to him for the rest of his life, because it was not always possible to earn a living with the help of art, and it happened that he had to starve.
In 1813, Hoffmann received an inheritance, although it was small, it nevertheless allowed him to get on his feet. Just at that time, he had already got a job in Berlin, which came in very handy, by the way, because there was still time to devote himself to art. It was then that Hoffmann first thought about the fabulous ideas that hovered in his head.
The hatred of all social meetings and parties led Hoffmann to drink alone and write his first works at night, which were so terrible that they led him to despair. However, even then he wrote several works worthy of attention, but even those were not recognized, as they contained unambiguous satire and at that time did not appeal to critics. Much more popular writer became outside his homeland. Unfortunately, Hoffmann finally exhausted his body in an unhealthy way life and died at the age of 46, and the tales of Hoffmann, as he dreamed, became immortal.
Few writers have received such attention. own life, but based on the biography of Hoffmann and his works, the poem Night of Hoffmann and the opera Tales of Hoffmann were created.
Creativity Hoffmann
Hoffmann's creative life was short. He released the first collection in 1814, and after 8 years he was gone.
If we wanted to somehow characterize in what direction Hoffmann wrote, we would call him a romantic realist. What is the most important thing in Hoffmann's work? One line through all his works is the awareness of the deep difference between reality and the ideal and the understanding that it is impossible to get off the ground, as he himself said.
Hoffmann's whole life is a continuous struggle. For bread, for the opportunity to create, for respect for yourself and your works. Hoffmann's fairy tales, which both children and their parents are advised to read, will show this struggle, the strength to make difficult decisions and even greater strength not to give up in case of failure.
The first tale of Hoffmann was the tale of the Golden Pot. Already from it it became clear that a writer from ordinary everyday life is able to create fabulous miracle. There, people and objects are real magic. Like all the romantics of that time, Hoffmann is fond of everything mystical, everything that usually happens at night. One of the best works became the Sandman. In continuation of the theme of the revival of mechanisms, the author created real masterpiece- fairy tale Nutcracker and mouse king(some sources also call her the Nutcracker and the Rat King). Hoffmann's fairy tales are written for children, but the topics and problems that they touch on are not entirely childish.
Big soviet encyclopedia:
Hoffmann (Hoffmann) Ernst Theodor Amadeus (January 24, 1776, Koenigsberg - June 25, 1822, Berlin), German writer, composer, music critic, conductor, decorator. Son of an official. He studied law at the University of Königsberg. In Berlin since 1816 was on public service legal adviser. G.'s short stories "Cavalier Gluck" (1809), "The Musical Sufferings of Johann Kreisler, Kapellmeister" (1810), "Don Juan" (1813) were later included in the collection "Fantasy in the Spirit of Callot" (vols. 1-4, 1814-15 ). In the story "The Golden Pot" (1814), the world is presented, as it were, in two planes: real and fantastic. In the novel The Devil's Elixir (1815-16), reality appears as an element of dark, supernatural forces. In The Amazing Sufferings of a Theater Director (1819), theatrical manners are depicted. His symbolic-fantastic story-tale "Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober" (1819) is clearly satirical. In “Night stories” (parts 1-2, 1817), in the collection “Serapion Brothers” (vol. 1-4, 1819-21, Russian translation 1836), in “ recent stories”(ed. 1825) G. sometimes satirically, sometimes tragically draws the conflicts of life, romantically interpreting them as the eternal struggle of light and dark forces. The unfinished novel The Worldly Views of Cat Murr (1820-22) is a satire on German philistinism and feudal-absolutist orders. The novel The Lord of the Fleas (1822) contains bold attacks against the police regime in Prussia.
Vivid expression of G.'s aesthetic views are his short stories Cavalier Gluck, Don Giovanni, the dialogue The Poet and the Composer (1813), and the Kreisleriana cycle (1814). In the short stories, as well as in the Fragments of the Biography of Johannes Kreisler, introduced into the novel The Worldly Views of Murr the Cat, G. created tragic image inspired musician Kreisler, rebelling against philistinism and doomed to suffering.
Acquaintance with G. in Russia began in the 1920s. 19th century V.G. Belinsky, arguing that G.'s fantasy opposes "... vulgar rational clarity and certainty ...", at the same time reproached G. for breaking away from "... living and full reality" (Poln. sobr. soch., v.4, 1954, p.98).
G. studied music with his uncle, then with the organist Chr. Podbelsky (1740-1792), later took composition lessons from I.F. Reichardt. G. organized a philharmonic society, a symphony orchestra in Warsaw, where he served as state adviser (1804-07). In 1807-13 he worked as a conductor, composer and decorator in theaters in Berlin, Bamberg, Leipzig and Dresden. He published many of his articles on music in the Allgemeine Musicalische Zeitung (Leipzig).
One of the founders of the romantic musical aesthetics and critics, G. already at an early stage in the development of romanticism in music formulated its significant trends, showed the tragic position of the romantic musician in society. He imagined music as a special world (“an unknown kingdom”), capable of revealing to a person the meaning of his feelings and passions, the nature of the mysterious and inexpressible. G. wrote about the essence of music, about musical compositions, composers, performers.
G.'s works influenced K.M. Weber, R. Schumann, R. Wagner. The poetic images of G. were embodied in the works of R. Schumann (“Kreislerian”), R. Wagner (“ Flying Dutchman”), P.I. Tchaikovsky ("The Nutcracker"), A.Sh. Adana (Giselle), L. Delibes (Coppelia), F. Busoni (The Choice of the Bride), P. Hindemith (Cardillac) and others. apprentices”, “Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober”, “Princess Brambilla”, etc. G. - the hero of operas by J. Offenbach (“Tales of Hoffmann”, 1881) and G. Lachchetti (“Hoffmann”, 1912).
G. - the author of the first German. romantic opera Ondine (op. 1813), the opera Aurora (op. 1812), symphonies, choirs, chamber compositions.
