One hundred most common surnames. The most common surnames

Scroll popular titles kind is endless, because, how many people, so many opinions. Each person will point to beautiful surnames that he personally likes. They can be short, long, but, according to most, the most popular are the aristocratic designations of family names. Let's see which surnames are more common and respected, and where they came from.

List of the most beautiful Russian surnames in the world

The word "surname" is translated from Latin as "family". This means that this indicates that a person belongs to the genus from which he originated. The emergence of family nicknames was often associated with the profession that the clan was engaged in from generation to generation, or with the name of the area in which the family lived, or the family name indicated character traits, specific appearance, nickname. No wonder there is a saying “not in the eyebrow, but in the eye” - people have always hung labels very accurately.

In Russia, at first there was only a first name and patronymic, and the first surnames appeared only in the 14th century. Naturally, noble people received them: princes, boyars, nobles. Peasants received official family names only at the end of the 19th century, when they canceled serfdom. The first names of dynasties came from the names of places of residence, birth or possessions: Tver, Arkhangelsk, Zvenigorod, Moskvin.

1. Sobolev
2. Morozov
3. Gromov
4. Diamonds
5. Derzhavin
6. Bogatyrev
7. Mayorov
8. Admirals
9. Lyubimov
10. Vorontsov

List of the most beautiful surnames for girls:

1. Resurrection
2. Lebedev
3. Alexandrova
4. Serebryanskaya
5. Korolkova
6. Vinogradova
7. Talnikova
8. Generous
9. Zolotareva
10. Tsvetaeva

A selection of the most beautiful foreign surnames

Foreigners believe that a beautiful surname helps the family, brings good luck and happiness. But, it’s true, a person with or a family nickname has been teased by peers since childhood, and later he grows up insecure with a whole baggage of complexes. So it turns out that the family name brought bad luck. For people with a beautiful ancestral heritage, things are different. Boys and girls know from childhood that they can do everything in this world, so they walk with their heads held high.

Each country has its own beautiful surnames, which are unusual for the Russian ear. But the origin of family designations is the same all over the world. Someone took the name of their city, and someone took the nickname of the founder of the family, the occupation of the family, belonging to the status. Among foreign surnames also often you can find the names of plants, birds, animals. If a Russian person chooses a foreign name for himself, then, as a rule, he does not delve into its meaning, but makes a choice according to euphony.

For example, modern Spaniards have beautiful surnames - not uncommon. The top guys are:

• Rodriguez
• Fernandez
• Gonzalez
• Perez
• Martinez
• Sanchez

Russian girls often choose generic names of Spanish origin:

• Alvarez
• Torres
• Romero
• Flores
• Castillo
• Garcia
• Pascual

French surnames

All variants of French surnames are endowed with special beauty and charm. This language is very different from other European counterparts. If it is always pronounced correctly, then French is pronounced differently. For example, the popular Le Pen may sound like "Le Pen", "Le Pen", "De Le Pen". First French names families were granted to the highest circle of nobility in the 11th century. And only in the 16th century, by royal decree, was it ordered to give every citizen of France a hereditary nickname.

Since then french surnames from generation to generation are included in the church metrics. The most beautiful family nicknames in France came from proper names, from occupations of the family or from geographical names in which the family was born. French male family names are widespread:

• Robert
• Richard
• Bernard
• Duran
• Lefebvre

Women's generic names are not much different from men's. French history she ordered that there are no differences and other endings, as in Russian, between surnames, therefore beautiful generic names of women also bear a proper name, for example:

• Leroy
• Bonn
• Francois

German

The generic names of Germany arose in the same way as in other countries: first they were received by the nobility, then by the feudal lords and small landowners, and then by the lower strata of the population. The whole process of forming hereditary nicknames took about 8 centuries, and the first surnames appeared on the basis of proper names. Vivid examples are German male generic nicknames:

1. Werner
2. Hermann
3. Jacobi
4. Peters

Beautiful family designations in Germany appeared from the names of rivers, mountains and other words associated with nature: Bern, Vogelweid. But the most popular generic names came from the occupations of their ancestors. For example, Muller in translation means "miller", and Schmidt - "blacksmith". Rare ones sound beautiful: Wagner, Zimmermann. Women in Germany, as a rule, leave their mother's surname, and the most beautiful are:

1. Lehmann
2. Mayer
3. Peters
4. Fisher
5. Weiss

American

Beautiful American generic names compare favorably with other foreign ones - they are very consonant, and the owners wear them with pride. If surnames are not inherited, then any citizen of the United States can change his family name to a more harmonious one. So, the 10 most beautiful surnames of American men:

1. Robinson
2. Harris
3. Evans
4. Gilmour
5. Florence
6. Stone
7. Lambert
8. Newman

Concerning american women, then, as in the whole world, girls at birth take the generic name of the father, and at marriage - the husband. Even if a girl wants to leave her family name, after marriage she will have double surname, for example, Maria Goldman Mrs. Roberts (by her husband). Beautiful generic names for American women:

1. Bellows
2. Houston
3. Taylor
4. Davis
5. Foster

Video: the most common surnames in the world

The most common surnames in the world seem beautiful, because their carriers are popular people, which means they are happy. For example, there are about one hundred million people on the planet who have the family name Lee. In second place in polarity is the surname Wang (about 93 million people). In third place is family name Garcia, common in South America(about 10 million people).

In recent times, the history of the origin and distribution of surnames worried only linguists, historians, ethnographers and, of course, the owners of this value. However, recently scientists from the laboratory of popular human genetics of the State University of Medical Genetics have become interested in this issue. scientific center RAMN.

What is the reason for the unexpected excitement around the seemingly unremarkable historical heritage?

How the list of 100 most common Russian surnames is compiled

Scientists argue that the entire Russian gene pool is hidden in the origins of the origin of primordially Russian surnames.

Considering hundreds of thousands of surnames, concentrated in the expanses Russian state, the researchers took as a basis only the indigenous people who territorially live in Central Russia and the Russian North.

But here, too, problems arose: the most common surnames did not always turn out to be native Russian. Therefore, scientists faced the task of separating native and migratory specimens.

Additional parameters were introduced, which the surname had to correspond to:

• At least three representatives per last name.
• Compliance with local linguistic norms and dialects.

After that, 14428 remained from the original list.

By the way, scientists consider 8 regions: Arkhangelsk, Kostroma, Smolensk, Belgorod, Kursk and Voronezh region, as well as the Kashinsky district of the Tver region.

These regions make up 5 regions of Russia: Northern, Eastern, Central, Western, Southern.

Ivanovs, Smirnovs: the founders of the genetic fund

The most common surnames include 250 names.

The list was compiled on the basis of the frequency of their predominance in each of the previously designated regions.

I would like to say that even a simple layman who is ignorant of genetic and historical sciences could name some names.

For example, to the question “what is the most common surname in Russia”, every second person will say: “Smirnovs, Ivanovs”. These data will be taken by them not from research, but from the realities of life: everyone has such a friend or acquaintance. They top the list of the 100 most common surnames.

History of the study of the issue: V.A. Nikonov and B.O. Unbegaun

As noted earlier, geneticists were not the first to become interested in the origin of surnames. Linguists, historians and ethnographers can be called pioneers in this field.

Among them is the Soviet onomatologist V.A. Nikonov. It is his mind that owns the officially registered conclusion about what are the most common surnames in Russia. Nikonov found that Smirnovs, Ivanovs, Popovs and Kuznetsovs are the most common names in the designated areas.

And the compiled top lists "The most common Russian surname" is far from a modern innovation.

The first such list belongs to B.O. Unbegaun. It was compiled in 1972 according to the St. Petersburg address book. The most common surnames were 31,503 people. And out of 200 thousand names from the address book, Unbegaun singled out the 100 most popular. But the list he revealed was not clean and included not only Russian residents, but also visitors. For example, Schmidt, Miller - it is difficult to call Slavic, therefore, based on this fact, the book "Russian Surnames" published in 1989 can hardly be called 100% reliable.

The most common Russian surname: a list of geneticists

Will you find yourself in the list compiled by geneticists? And what is the most common Russian surname, of course, in addition to those previously announced?

In order to find out the answers to these questions, at least one list must be made public. To do this, we chose a list compiled by geneticists based on 5 Russian regions. To make it easier to search, it is sorted alphabetically, not by popularity. To the right of each surname is a serial number corresponding to the list created by geneticists.

The history of the origin of the surname

We have already learned which Russian surname is the most common: the Smirnov families have it.

But what secret does she keep in herself? In order to open this veil, it is necessary to delve into the history of its origin.

There are several theories. The most popular are two of them.

Theory #1

The first version explains the wide area of ​​distribution of the surname.

According to legend, in ancient times there was an estate of wandering people who led a nomadic lifestyle, moving throughout Rus' from village to village. In gratitude for the shelter, they showed residents more effective ways farming, farming, sharing knowledge.

It is believed that when they first entered the territory of a settlement, they uttered the phrase: “Greetings, good people. We go WITH THE NEW WORLD. This became not only their greeting, but also the promise of a reward for shelter.

Years later, the nomadic people ceased to exist, but their descendants did not forget their roots, so they began to be called SMIRNOVs.

Theory #2

The second version is among those that support the origin of surnames from proper names. It says that according to Slavic beliefs, the name Smyrna previously existed. The descendant of this man after the 15th-17th centuries began to be called Smirnov, which was a direct indication of the head of the family.

Famous Smirnovs

Given the extent of the spread of the surname, it is not difficult to assume that among famous people often there are "Smirnovs".

I would like to mention one such dynasty.

The branch we are considering contains creative way three generations - parents and children.

Actor and director Andrei Smirnov is a gifted child of an equally brilliant parent.

His father, Sergei Sergeevich Smirnov - Soviet writer, public figure, WWII participant. Author of the novel "Brest Fortress".

The daughter of Andrei Sergeevich, Avdotya, is better known as Dunya Smirnova: a well-known Soviet presenter, film director, critic, screenwriter.

Such dynasties are not uncommon if the family is on the list of the 100 most common surnames.

And what is happening in the world?

Naturally, not only in the Russian expanses, a tendency for the predominance of certain surnames has been noticed.

For example, in China the most popular is Li.

Therefore, it will be interesting to find out which surname is the most common in the world.

1. Li: Over 100 million members worldwide.
2. Zhang: about 100 million representatives.
3. Wang: over 90 million.
4. Nguyen: over 36 million. The area of ​​origin is Vietnam.
5. Garcia: over 10 million. Spanish roots.
6. Gonzalez: over 10 million. Spanish roots
7. Hernandez: over 8 million representatives. The history of origin is divided into two branches: Spanish and Portuguese.
8. Smith: over 4 million. Country - England.
9. Smirnov: over 2.5 million representatives worldwide.
10. Muller: About a million. Roots - Germany.

It is logical that the top three include Chinese surnames. After all, the Chinese (otherwise Han Chinese) make up 19% of total number people on the planet.

The surname Li, as you already know, is the most common in the world: 7.9% of the total population of China owns it.

It has numerous spelling variations: Li, Lee and Ly. Has Chinese and Korean roots.

The Chinese emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan, who reigned from 618-626, also belonged to the Li clan.

An interesting fact is that in the struggle for power, he defeated other contenders for the throne, including Li Gi. And his son, Li Shimin, who was tried to be killed by his own brothers, became a follower.

Speaking about the most common surname in our country, many will think that the surname Ivanov is in the lead. However, there will be some bewilderment here, since the most common surname in Russia is absolutely not this one.

Most popular in the world

1. Nguyen
2. Garcia
3. Gonzalez
4. Hernandez
5. Smirnov
6. Miller

So, we see that Lee is the first to be listed in the most popular surnames in the world. On our entire planet, there are over 100,000,000 people who have such. Moreover, most of them live in China, however, there are many Vietnamese with such a surname. We all know very well one of these people - a reformer in Chinese martial arts and actor Bruce Lee.

The next most common surnames in the world are Zhang and Wang. The first of them is recognized as the oldest on Earth - for the first time the name Zhang was mentioned over 4000 years ago. And twenty years ago, she was especially popular, until the name Lee bypassed her. In our time on Earth, there are approximately 100,000,000 people with this surname. Those who bear the surname Wang are somewhat smaller - approximately 93,000,000 people. In ancient times and the Middle Ages, the prefix Wang meant the title of a Chinese, Korean, or Mongol ruler.

Russian popular surnames

On the territory of our homeland, you can often meet a person with the surname Smirnov, which is located in ninth place in the world list of surnames. The surname rating of our compatriots is as follows:

1. Smirnov
2. Ivanov
3. Popov
4. Kuznetsov
5. Sokolov
6. Lebedev
7. Novikov
8. Kozlov
9. Morozov
10. Petrov

And now you will definitely be able to easily give anyone an answer to the question of which Russian surname is the most common, and you will not mislead anyone. The statistics are there. Approximately 70,000 Smirnovs live in the capital of our Motherland alone. And where did such a surname come from? Yes, everything is simple - if a quiet and calm child appeared in a large peasant family, then he was given the worldly name Smirny. So gradually from this worldly name, which was always remembered better than church name, the surname Smirnov appeared. Today there are approximately 2,500,000 Smirnovs in our country.

Next most popular surnames in Russia it is Ivanov and Popov. The surname Ivanov was originally a patronymic from the name Ivan. The stress when pronouncing the surname used to be placed on the letter "A", but today the stress is placed on the last syllable. Popovs - not all come from families of clergy. Previously, the name Pop (Popko) was common in the world, and this surname appeared from here. Also, such a surname began to be given to employees of priests.

The Kuznetsovs went from the name of the lesson. The blacksmith used to be revered and famous person in the countryside, so the surname Kuznetsov is found everywhere. By the way, the most popular surname in America, Smith, means "blacksmith". There are about 4,000,000 Smiths around the world.

Here is a list of the 100 most popular Russian surnames. It should be noted that for this rating, data collected several decades ago were used. But it's even better, because. there is no point in trusting the results of the modern population census at all.

First, the top 10 popularity leaders. These 10 surnames, according to researchers, in 1970-1980 were worn by about 50% of the rural population of Russia, and about 30% of the urban population of our country.

1. Ivanov. This surname is the undisputed leader of our rating. It is not difficult to guess that its origin is directly related to the most popular Russian name Ivan, so the first place on our list is beyond doubt. A folk joke is known, confirming the wide distribution of this name: “In Rus', Ivanov is like filthy mushrooms.”

2. Kuznetsov. The origin of the surname is connected with the most common and most respected peasant profession. The blacksmith was in every village, was held in high esteem and, as a rule, had big family, the male part of which was provided with a profession and, as a result, with a livelihood. This can also explain the widespread use of this surname. The Kuznetsovs could well have taken first place in our ranking, if not for the influence of the linguistic cultures of neighboring fraternal states in the west and southwest of Russia. In the dialects of the southern and western regions of Russia, instead of a blacksmith, the word koval is present, which was the reason for the transformation of Kuznetsov into Kovalev.

3. Smirnov. There is no unambiguous opinion about the origin of the surname Smirnov. A variety of versions are offered, from nomadic wanderers-enlighteners, carrying culture to the people, introducing backward village peasants “with the new world”, to being tied to Old Slavonic name Smirnaya, characterizing a quiet and complaisant person. However, the most prosaic (and most likely) version is based on the naming of people “humble before God” by this surname. Recent statistical studies claim that in our time the surname Smirnov has bypassed the Ivanovs and Kuznetsovs in popularity and is the most common Russian surname.

4. Vasiliev. It is not difficult to guess that this surname is based on the very popular name Vasily in Rus'. IN Lately The popularity of the name Vasily continues to decline steadily, but the surname Vasilyev is firmly entrenched in the top 10.

5. Novikov. The prevalence of this surname is explained by the fact that in the old days every newcomer, stranger, newcomer was called Novik. This definition quickly became a permanent nickname and passed to descendants in the form of a surname.

6. Yakovlev. Another surname derived from the popular male name. The name Jacob is the secular counterpart of the church name Jacob. Since most of the surnames have just such a origin, based on the name of the head of the family, we can judge from them the distribution of certain names in Rus'.

7. Popov. Initially, the nickname "Popov" meant: "son of a priest" or "son of a priest." In addition, the same word was used to refer to a priest's worker, a laborer. In addition to this, in Rus' there was a proper name "Pop", which could also form the basis of this surname.

8. Fedorov. The basis of the surname Fedorov was the church name Fedor, very common in Rus' in the 16-17 centuries. The difficult-to-use letter F has not taken root in all areas of our vast country, therefore the name Hodor and the surname Khodorov have the same roots.

9. Kozlov. Before the introduction of Christianity in Rus', our ancestors were pagans and naming a child with a name representing the name of an animal or plant was a very common tradition. Since ancient times, the goat was considered a symbol vitality and fertility. The Scandinavians considered the goat the sacred animal of Thor. The goat was a favorite character of ancient Slavic pagan tales, a purely positive character. However, with the advent of Christianity, the goat became a symbol of the devil, the damned, the sinner. At the same time, the expression "scapegoat" was born and a general negative attitude towards this proud animal began to form.

10. Morozov. Oddly enough, but Frost is also a very common secular (non-church) name in Rus'. Usually given to a child born during the harsh winter months. The image of Frost is the image of a hero, a blacksmith, who binds rivers and has unlimited power for several months a year. Parents wanted, naming the child with the name Frost, they wanted to convey to him precisely these qualities.

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