What a terrible person this Pechorin is. Why is Pechorin a strange person? About your upbringing

So, "Hero of our time" - psychological novel, that is, a new word in Russian literature of the nineteenth century. This is a really special work for its time - it has a truly interesting structure: a Caucasian short story, travel notes, diary…. But still, the main goal of the work is to reveal the image of an unusual, at first glance, strange person - Grigory Pechorin. This is indeed an extraordinary, special person. And the reader traces this throughout the novel.

Who is Pechorin, and what is his the main tragedy? We see the hero from the most different people, and can thus make up his psychological portrait. In the first chapters of the novel, one can see Grigory Pechorin through the eyes of Maxim Maksimych, a retired officer, a friend of the hero. “The man was strange,” he says. But an elderly officer lives in a different time, in a different world, and cannot give a complete and objective description. But already at the beginning of the novel, from the words of Maxim Maksimych, we understand that this is a special person. The next stage of disclosure image - description Pechorin as a wandering officer. He is closer to him both in age, and in views, and in terms of social circle, therefore, he can better reveal him inner world.

And the officer notices some features of appearance that are directly related to character. Much attention is paid to the description of gait, eyes, hands, figure. But the look is key. "His Eyes did not laugh when he laughed - this is a sign of either an evil disposition or an all-consuming sadness." And it is here that we are approaching the answer to the question: what is the tragedy of the hero? The most complete answer is presented in the part of the novel that illustrates the psychology of secular society - "Princess Mary". It is written in the form of a diary. And that is why we can talk about the real sincerity and genuineness of the story, because in the diary a person expresses feelings only for himself, and, as you know, it is pointless to lie to himself. And here Pechorin himself tells the reader about his tragedy. The text contains a large number of monologues in which the hero himself analyzes his actions, philosophizes about his destiny and inner world. And the main problem turns out to be that Pechorin constantly turns inward, evaluates his actions, words, which contributes to the discovery of his own vices and imperfections. And Pechorin says: “I have an innate passion to contradict ...” He fights with the outside world. It may seem that this is an angry and indifferent person, but this is by no means the case. His inner world is deep and vulnerable. He is tormented by the bitterness of misunderstanding by society. “Everyone read the signs of bad qualities on my face ...” Perhaps this is the main tragedy. He deeply felt good and evil, could love, but those around him did not understand, and his best qualities were strangled. All feelings were hidden in the most distant corners of the soul. He became " moral cripple". And he himself writes that half of his soul is dead, and the other is barely alive. But she's alive! True feelings still live in Pechorin. But they are suffocated. In addition, the hero is tormented by boredom and loneliness. However, feelings break through in this man, when he runs after Vera, he falls and cries - it means he is still really a man! But suffering is an unbearable test for him. And you can see that the tragedy of Pechorin echoes the tragedy of Pushkin Onegin-Pechorin he cannot find recognition in life, he is not interested in science, the service is boring ...

Thus, there are several main problems: misunderstanding of society, lack of self-realization. And society did not understand Grigory Pechorin. He thought that he was destined for higher goals, but misunderstanding turned out to be a tragedy for him - he broke his life and divided his soul into two halves - dark and light.

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Pechorin as an extra person

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was born on October 3, 1814 in Moscow in the family of a captain. Childhood years are spent in the Tarkhany estate of the Penza province. He studied at Moscow University. Lermontov spoke many languages.
At the beginning of the 19th century, works appeared in Russian literature, main problem which is the conflict of man and the surrounding society. Created new image - « extra person”, rejected, spiritually unclaimed by society.
In the novel A Hero of Our Time, Lermontov creates the image of such a person. This way is Pechorin.
Pechorin was born into a wealthy noble family, so with young years was in the circles of influential people. However, he soon got bored with the “light” of society with its empty entertainment “that you can get for money” - points, festive dinners and, of course, masquerades with their tedious conversations and absence practical activities. Pechorin was drawn to education and the sciences, but quickly decided for himself that "happiness is more likely to be found in ignorance and wealth", and "he did not want glory". This hero is internally devastated. The reason for his emptiness can be found by learning about his upbringing. From the very beginning of his life, he was doomed to an empty future. Proof of this can be found by reading his diary: “I was modest - I was accused of deceit: I became secretive. I deeply felt good and evil. Nobody caressed me. Everyone insulted me. I became vindictive. I was ready to love the whole world - no one understood me and I learned to hate.
Pechorin is depicted in the novel as a victim of noble people. Thus, from childhood he became a cruel, vindictive and cynical person, he gradually moved away from people, lost faith in life and love.
Throughout the novel, the hero tries to fight his inner emptiness. But all his efforts end in failure. All the things he starts are doomed to failure. He understands this and suffers greatly from it. His suffering is expressed in the constant struggle between humanism and cynicism. Pechorin describes all this in his diary. In the struggle with himself, he "exhausted the heat of the soul and the constancy of the will" necessary for active life. All this makes Pechorin an "extra person" in public terms.
He is also weak psychologically. Pechorin does not want to make new acquaintances, communicate with smart people. He is weighed down by spiritual and emotional intimacy. He has no friends and he doesn't love anyone. He explains this by the fact that friendship is never based on equality, and by the fear of losing personal freedom.
From this we can deduce that this hero values ​​​​only his independence. He is so freedom-loving that he strongly expresses the desire to subordinate everything and everything, even love, to his will.
Pechorin's closest people are only Dr. Werner and Vera. With Dr. Werner, he shares a feeling of loneliness. They are also united by mental disorder, as well as a similar mindset.
We can say about Vera that she is “the only woman in the world”. He loves her selflessly and disinterestedly. However, in these relations there are problems that are difficult for him to solve.
Pechorin is constantly fighting fiery passion and cold indifference.
Thus, the extreme selfishness of Pechorin shows his uselessness in all respects. Focusing on his own problems and aspirations, the hero does no good to anyone and does not bring happiness, we can conclude that he is closed in on himself.
Even he himself admits that he "became a moral coward."

(383 words) In the novel by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" leading role played by Pechorin. Other characters serve as the frame for his character. They cannot be called secondary, each of them in its chapter has a great influence on the fate of Gregory.

Maksim Maksimych is a kind and simple man, staff captain. He is completely devoted to his work - service. The hero will never understand the worldview of his beloved friend, but despite this, after for long years separation from Pechorin, he is glad to wrap him in his arms. Maxim Maksimych has a simpler attitude to life, has nothing against society. But even such a good-natured man could not endear himself to Gregory for a long time. The hero of that time is cold as ice.

One of the main characters in the chapter "Princess Mary" is Grushnitsky, who pretends to be a demoted officer. Initially, the junker participates in love triangle: Grushnitsky - Mary - Pechorin, but soon Grigory pushes him into the background, as an unsuccessful opponent.

Lermontov portrays Grushnitsky as a romantic person. He likes to produce an effect, he tries to create a veil of secrecy around himself, but in reality he is just an imitator who puts on the mask of Pechorin, but does not cope with his role.

The closest person to Pechorin was Dr. Werner. Their life paths they are somewhat similar: they did not develop relationships with society, a rather skeptical outlook on life appeared early. The only thing that distinguishes them: Werner is poor, dreams of money, but does nothing for this, while Pechorin seeks to get at least a drop of pleasure without raising funds.

Gregory is also surrounded by ladies. First we meet Bela, a Circassian princess who was kidnapped by Pechorin. She is modest, proud and has a sense of her own dignity, but could not resist the charms of the kidnapper. Of all the women, she is the only victim who instilled guilt in the hero. Lermontov considers Vera to be a very special type of strong, intelligent and independent heroine. She alone was able to understand Pechorin's worldview and bind him to herself. She lived with love for Gregory all her life and was able to prove to him that he was also capable of love. And, thanks to Mary, the reader can observe how Pechorin's main vice is revealed: the desire for power. Mary is an educated and romantic person, but Pechorin notices two opposite principles in her: naturalness and secularity. Lermontov leaves her at a crossroads, and the reader is left in the dark whether she is broken or still finds the strength to overcome the lesson.

Analyzing Pechorin's environment, we see that he is the flesh of the flesh of the society in which he rotates. It gave birth to him, and it will destroy him.

1. Pechorin and his entourage. Disclosure of the character of the hero.
2. Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych.
3. Pechorin and Grushnitsky.
4. Werner's role in the story.

Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin, chief actor novel "A Hero of Our Time" by M. Yu. Lermontov, throughout the story rotates in different circles, among different strata of society. He is shown surrounded by secular society - his environment by position (in the chapter "Princess Mary"), among the highlanders ("Bela"), falls into the circle of smugglers ("Taman"), and does not find a suitable environment for himself. This is a lone hero. The author characterizes Pechorin through the mouths of minor heroes-narrators, his contemporaries. All these people perceive Grigory Alexandrovich and judge him differently, each from the height of his life experience. As a result, we have the opportunity to look at it from different angles. A portrait of the hero of the time gradually emerges before the reader. Who tells us about it? This is a nameless officer, Maxim Maksimych and Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin himself, speaking to the reader through his diary.

Undoubtedly, he himself has the most accurate information about the hero, and the diary - a way to record your thoughts, can tell a lot about your master. How does Pechorin characterize himself? He admits that he cannot swim and has a prejudice against crippled people - he is frightened by "the strange relationship between the appearance of a person and his soul: as if, with the loss of a member, the soul loses some feeling." The incident with the smugglers helps us evaluate the hero as an inquisitive, risk-taking, decisive person. But, having left the peaceful smugglers, he is no longer interested in them, he does not care "for the joys and misfortunes of men." In "Princess Mary" Pechorin appears before us as an experimenter on others. He first arouses hatred in the princess, then kindling her love. Pechorin notes his passion to contradict, and this is what drives him - noticing that Mary singled out Grushnitsky, he is envious and wants to anger him. “Since I live and act, fate somehow always led me to the denouement of other people's dramas, as if without me no one could die or despair!” - Pechorin says about himself, thinking that his destiny is to destroy other people's hopes.

We also learn what the hero is capable of strong feeling. On the waters, he meets a woman whom Pechorin used to love. He calls her "the only woman in the world whom he would not be able to deceive", this is the only woman who accepted and understood in Pechorin "with all petty weaknesses, bad passions.

Now let's see what impression the hero makes on others. How does Maxim Maksimych perceive him? Pechorin is incomprehensible to him: “He was a nice fellow, I dare to assure you; just a little strange ... there are, really, such people who are written in their family that various unusual things must happen to them. Staff Captain Maksim Maksimych is the exact opposite of Pechorin, he is a man of a different era, a different upbringing and character, position. He can have warm sincere feelings for the hero, as for an old acquaintance, but he tries in vain to understand him. Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych perceive what surrounds them from completely opposite points of view. Maxim Maksimych will never challenge the orders of his superiors and think about them, and one of Pechorin's properties is to weigh everything. Maxim Maksimych speaks of him as a person "with whom one must certainly agree." The captain agrees with the customs of the highlanders, but Pechorin does not limit himself to any limits, as soon as he left the custody of his relatives, he wanted to experience all the pleasures: “My soul is spoiled by light, my imagination is restless, my heart is insatiable; everything is not enough for me; I get used to sadness just as easily as to pleasure, and my life becomes emptier day by day; I have only one remedy: to travel. chance meeting with Pechorin, Maxim Maksimych pleases, he is ready to throw himself on his neck, but Pechorin's coldness and indifference surprises the staff captain, although Grigory Alexandrovich tells him that he has remained the same.

How does the officer, the witness of his meeting with Maxim Maksimych, see Pechorin? He notices a careless lazy gait - a sign of some secretiveness of character, Grigory Alexandrovich's eyes did not laugh when he laughed. This, as the narrator says, "is a sign of either an evil temper, or a deep constant sadness." His gaze is indifferently calm.

The officer is much closer to Pechorin in age than Maxim Maksimych, so the hero is more understandable for him. What the staff captain does not understand in Pechorin's behavior, for an officer - character traits his contemporaries. After reviewing Pechorin's journal, the nameless officer tells the reader that "he was convinced of the sincerity of the one who so mercilessly exposed his own weaknesses and vices," because the story of the hero of our time is written without vanity.

Junker Grushnitsky is a dapper young man who speaks in pretentious pompous phrases and loves to recite. This young man expects to produce an effect and looks like a parody of Pechorin. What are Pechorin's words alone worth, that Grushnitsky is reputed to be a brave man, but this is not Russian courage - he rushes forward with a saber, closing his eyes. The reason for his arrival in the Caucasus "will remain an eternal mystery between him and heaven." Pechorin does not love him and feels the inevitability of a collision. Not only does Grushnitsky provoke him to a collision, taking Princess Mary out from under Pechorin's nose. Grushnitsky is arrogant and self-satisfied, Pechorin, on the other hand, behaves simply, at ease, like a spectator in a theater, where the play is played out according to the scenario he conceived and ends with a duel. In a duel, Grushnitsky is not honest - knowing that Pechorin's pistol is not loaded, he refuses to reconcile in order to make Pechorin a coward. Pechorin shows himself courageous and noble man. He invites Grushnitsky to remember that they were friends and to abandon slander. This infuriates the cadet - he demands to shoot, says that he despises himself and hates the hero, he will stab him at night from around the corner if he does not kill him now.

Dr. Werner, whose prototype was Lermontov's acquaintance, Dr. Mayer, can be called the person who understands Pechorin best of all. Pechorin himself characterizes Werner as "a remarkable man for many reasons." The skeptic, materialist and poet Werner, who studies the strings of the human heart, said that he would rather do a favor to an enemy than a friend; He was nicknamed Mephistopheles for his appearance. With Werner Pechorin it is easy, they could become friends, but the fact is that neither one nor the other considers friendship to be relations of equals. Here, it’s every man for himself: “The sad is funny to us, the funny is sad, but in general, in truth, we are rather indifferent to everything, except ourselves.” They fence themselves off from society with their union, it is easy for them together. They do not cause rejection in each other, while others turn away from them. Having started a story together with Grushnitsky and Princess Mary, they are waiting for entertainment from boredom.

Watching Werner, we can conclude that a little younger he was the same as the hero of our time: the same intellect, the same ironic mindset. What has time done to him? He became a disillusioned skeptic about everything. After the duel, Werner and Pechorin coldly part. Werner believes that Pechorin committed the deliberate murder of Grushnitsky, the hero himself is not disappointed - it has already become customary for him that people “know in advance all the bad sides of the act ..., even approve of it ... and then wash their hands and turn away indignantly from that who had the courage to take on the full burden of responsibility. Werner is interested in experiments on people only as a passive observer, while Pechorin is active and always goes to the end, analyzing everything that happened.

Pechorin is a hero of his time, but is time ready for such a hero? Alas, not yet. What would have become of Pechorin is unknown. Would he have been the same as Werner, giving up without a fight? The life of a hero of our time was interrupted on his way from Persia, leaving us no answer to this question.

Pechorin is an ambiguous personality

The image of Pechorin in the novel "A Hero of Our Time" by Lermontov is an ambiguous image. It cannot be called positive, but it is not negative either. Many of his actions are worthy of condemnation, but it is also important to understand the motives of his behavior before making an assessment. The author called Pechorin a hero of his time, not because he recommended to be equal to him, and not because he wanted to ridicule him. He just showed a portrait typical representative of that generation - the "extra person" - so that everyone can see what the social structure that disfigures the personality leads to.

Qualities of Pechorin

Knowledge of people

Can such a quality of Pechorin as an understanding of the psychology of people, the motives of their actions, be called bad? Another thing is that he uses it for other purposes. Instead of doing good, helping others, he plays with them, and these games, as a rule, end tragically. This was the end of the story with the mountain girl Bela, whom Pechorin persuaded her brother to steal. Having achieved the love of a freedom-loving girl, he lost interest in her, and soon Bela fell victim to the vengeful Kazbich.

Playing with Princess Mary also did not lead to anything good. Pechorin's intervention in her relationship with Grushnitsky resulted in broken heart princesses and death at the duel of Grushnitsky.

Ability to analyze

Pechorin demonstrates a brilliant ability to analyze in a conversation with Dr. Werner (chapter "Princess Mary"). He absolutely logically calculates that Princess Ligovskaya was interested in him, and not her daughter Mary. “You have a great gift for thinking,” Werner notes. However, this gift again does not find a worthy application. Pechorin could possibly do scientific discoveries, but he became disillusioned with the study of science, because he saw that in his society no one needed knowledge.

Independence from the opinions of others

The description of Pechorin in the novel "A Hero of Our Time" gives many a reason to accuse him of spiritual callousness. It would seem that he acted badly towards his old friend Maxim Maksimych. Upon learning that his colleague, with whom they ate more than one pood of salt together, stopped in the same city, Pechorin did not rush to meet him. Maksim Maksimych was very upset and offended by him. However, Pechorin is to blame, in fact, only for not living up to the old man's expectations. "Am I not the same?" - he reminded, nevertheless embracing Maxim Maksimych in a friendly way. Indeed, Pechorin never tries to portray himself as someone he is not, just to please others. He prefers to be rather than seem, always honest in the manifestation of his feelings, and from this point of view, his behavior deserves all approval. He also does not care what others say about him - Pechorin always does as he sees fit. IN modern conditions such qualities would be invaluable and would help him quickly achieve his goal, to fully realize himself.

Bravery

Courage and fearlessness are character traits due to which one could say “Pechorin is the hero of our time” without any ambiguity. They also appear on the hunt (Maxim Maksimych witnessed how Pechorin “went on a boar one on one”), and in a duel (he was not afraid to shoot with Grushnitsky on conditions that were obviously losing for him), and in a situation where it was necessary to pacify the raging drunken Cossack (chapter "Fatalist"). “... nothing will happen worse than death - and you can’t escape death,” Pechorin believes, and this conviction allows him to move forward more boldly. However, even deadly danger with which he encountered daily Caucasian war, did not help him cope with boredom: he quickly got used to the buzz of Chechen bullets. It's obvious that military service was not his vocation, and therefore Pechorin's brilliant abilities in this area did not find further application. He decided to travel in the hope of finding a remedy for boredom "through storms and bad roads."

pride

Pechorin cannot be called conceited, greedy for praise, but he is proud enough. He is very hurt if a woman does not consider him the best and prefers another. And he strives by all means, by any means, to win her attention. This happened in the situation with Princess Mary, who at first liked Grushnitsky. From the analysis of Pechorin, which he himself does in his journal, it follows that it was important for him not so much to achieve the love of this girl as to recapture her from a competitor. “I also confess that an unpleasant, but familiar feeling ran lightly at that moment through my heart; this feeling - it was envy ... it is unlikely that there will be a young man who, having met a pretty woman who riveted his idle attention and suddenly clearly distinguishes another, who is equally unfamiliar to her, I say, there is hardly such a young man (of course, who lived in high society and accustomed to indulge his vanity), who would not be unpleasantly struck by this.

Pechorin loves to achieve victory in everything. He managed to switch Mary's interest to his own person, make the proud Bela his mistress, get a secret date from Vera, and outplay Grushnitsky in a duel. If he had a worthy cause, this desire to be the first would allow him to achieve tremendous success. But he has to give vent to his leadership in such a strange and destructive way.

selfishness

In the essay on the topic “Pechorin - the hero of our time”, one cannot fail to mention such a trait of his character as selfishness. He does not really care about the feelings and fates of other people who have become hostages of his whims, for him only the satisfaction of his own needs matters. Pechorin did not even spare Vera, the only woman whom he believed he really loved. He put her reputation at risk by visiting her at night in the absence of her husband. A vivid illustration of his dismissive, selfish attitude is his beloved horse, driven by him, who did not manage to catch up with the carriage with the departed Vera. On the way to Essentuki, Pechorin saw that “instead of a saddle, two ravens were sitting on his back.” Moreover, Pechorin sometimes enjoys the suffering of others. He imagines how Mary, after his incomprehensible behavior, "will spend the night without sleep and will cry", and this thought gives him "immense pleasure". “There are moments when I understand the Vampire…” he admits.

Pechorin's behavior is the result of the influence of circumstances

But can this bad character trait be called innate? Is Pechorin flawed from the very beginning, or was the living conditions made him so? Here is what he himself told Princess Mary: “... such was my fate from childhood. Everyone read on my face signs of bad feelings, which were not there; but they were supposed - and they were born. I was modest - I was accused of slyness: I became secretive ... I was ready to love the whole world - no one understood me: and I learned to hate ... I spoke the truth - they did not believe me: I began to deceive ... I became a moral cripple.

Finding himself in an environment that does not correspond to his inner essence, Pechorin is forced to break himself, to become what he is not in reality. That's where this internal inconsistency, which left an imprint on his appearance. The author of the novel draws a portrait of Pechorin: laughter with non-laughing eyes, a daring and at the same time indifferently calm look, a straight frame, limp, like a Balzac young lady, when he sat down on a bench, and other "inconsistencies".

Pechorin himself realizes that he makes an ambiguous impression: “Some revere me worse, others better than I really am ... Some will say: he was a kind fellow, others a bastard. Both will be false." But the truth is that under the influence of external circumstances, his personality has undergone such complex and ugly deformations that it is no longer possible to separate the bad from the good, the real from the false.

In the novel "A Hero of Our Time" the image of Pechorin is moral, psychological portrait a whole generation. How many of its representatives, having not found a response in the surrounding “soul to wonderful impulses”, were forced to adapt, become the same as everyone around, or die. The author of the novel, Mikhail Lermontov, whose life ended tragically and prematurely, was one of them.

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