Pencils for drawing designation application. Commodity dictionary

In fact, you probably, like most artists, use several different pencils depending on the effect you want to create.

Choosing the right pencils to bring your sketches and artwork to life can seem like a daunting task, but it all depends on your tastes. After you choose a brand that you like, you can use different pencils and combine them. You'll see, a lot of what we offer are pencil sets that allow you to experiment with a wide variety of lines and shading, but each brand also sells pencils separately as soon as you need to refill the set.

How to choose the best drawing pencil

When choosing the perfect graphite pencil, the first thing to consider is your drawing style. For technical drawings and similar works with thin lines, those pencils that are used for darkening will not work. Do you use dark, thick lines in your sketches, or do you prefer lighter, thinner strokes? Your personal art style and needs will guide you in choosing a good drawing pencil.

Keep in mind that most artists use more than one type of pencil. In fact, many manufacturers produce pencil sets different types. This will allow you to combine tools depending on the requirements of a particular drawing.

When you know what type of work you need a pencil for, you need to understand what kind of stiffness you need. Despite the fact that we often talk about the lead content in pencils, they actually do not have it. While colored pencils are made from wax and pigment, graphite pencils are made from clay and graphite. The combination of these two creates smooth strokes, but graphite pencils produce different lines depending on how much clay they contain. As a general rule, the more clay in a pencil, the harder the pencil will be and the lighter the shading will be.

The Russian scale for pencil hardness uses the TM scale, but the rest of the world uses a different scale. Most manufacturers use the HB scale, where "H" stands for hardness and "B" for softness and blackness.

The HB scale ranges from 9H, a hard pencil that creates thin, light lines, to 9B, a soft pencil that contains a lot of graphite and creates heavy, dark lines. While manufacturers give each pencil a scale designation, it's all relative within a given brand, so remember that one manufacturer's 6H pencil may differ slightly from another manufacturer's 6H pencil.

Once you understand what kind of lines your pencils create, you can easily combine them to create a graphite pencil set that suits your needs as an artist.

The best graphite pencils for drawing

Available in different sets, Derwent pencils are suitable for both beginners and professionals. You can choose from soft, medium, and hard pencil sets that people say are easy to sharpen. This allows for detailed work as well as shading. The hexagonal shape makes the pencil easy to grip.

The Prismacolor set is a good starter kit. It includes seven graphite pencils of different types, as well as four woodless pencils. They create beautiful, wide strokes and allow you to experiment. As an added bonus, the pencil set includes water-soluble graphite pencils that soften when in contact with water. Thus, this set is a great option for sketching.

Many artists draw with Staedtler pencils. The Mars Lumograph set is known for its strength and durability, making it a great kit for detailed work. Pencils also cleanly erase, so paper won't smudge. IN standard set Staedtler comes with 6B, 5B, 4B, 3B, 2B, B, HB, F, H, 2H, 3H, 4H pencils making it extremely versatile. “I have been using the Staedtler Lumograph set professionally for over 30 years and in that time I have not found a better set,” says Mike Sibley, artist and art educator. “I even give them to my workshops.”

Excellent quality Lyra Art Design pencils. The graphite is hard enough that this set is suitable for technical drawing, and also does not create problems with shading thanks to 17 types of pencils in hardness. One critic writes: “The best pencils for drawing. High quality smooth graphite that blends easily. A great variety of rigidity for all your artwork needs."

Faber-Castell is a German brand known for their high quality art supplies and this pencil set is no exception. The brand produces sets of pencils with many types of hardness, which you can purchase separately. Strong and durable pencils are easy to sharpen. In addition, the handy packaging of Faber-Castell allows you to carry pencils with you. No wonder these are the favorite pencils of artists, regardless of style or skill level.

The Japanese manufacturer Tombow is known for their high strength pencils, which means they sharpen easily. The Mono pencil is known to be very dark and virtually indelible. Tombow Mono's dark lines almost mimic ink, making it an artist's favorite pencil for shading and tracing.

Woodless pencils are a little more expensive, but they usually last longer than regular ones. wooden pencils. The Cretacolor set is ideal for shading, and the graphite in the pencils is water-soluble, so you can create soft shading. The Creatacolor kit is also equipped with an eraser and a sharpener, giving you everything necessary tools in one package.

The 2H Prismacolor Ebony Pencil is the perfect choice for rich, velvety lines. Soft pencil, easy to blend, does not create greasy black lines. It often needs to be sharpened due to its softness, but many people use this pencil to darken.

Don't be afraid of the price. Caran D "ache is a set for serious sketches. Being the only pencil manufacturer in Switzerland, the brand has conducted thorough research, creating pencils that many artists admire. There are 15 graphic and 3 water-soluble pencils in the set. graphite pencil as well as accessories. Some say it's best pencils for drawing and once you try them you will never go back to other pencils.

The best mechanical pencils for drawing

Rotring is the dominant brand in the mechanical pencil industry. Professional pencil for drawing is durable, which means that you will spend less money on buying new tools. With a retractable lead and non-slip metal body, this pencil is great for sketching.

This pencil won design awards for a reason. Rubber dots along the entire body make the tool extremely comfortable and easy to grip. This pencil also has an eraser.

So what kind of pencil is suitable for drawing - video

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Depending on the material of the stylus pencils are divided into black (graphite), color and copy (ink). By purpose, pencils are divided into drawing, stationery, school, drawing, etc.

Drawing pencils are widely used in cartographic drawing: for auxiliary drawings, for enhancing a pale image on blue copies before drawing with ink, for field topographic surveys, etc. According to their drawing properties, drawing pencils are divided into hard and soft. Hard pencils are designated by the letter T, soft - M. According to the degree of hardness in ascending order, they are marked with a number: 6M, 5M, 4M, ZM, 2M, TM, T, 2T, ZT, 4T, 5T, 6T, 7T (pencils of foreign brands instead of the letter T have the letter H, instead of M- IN).

The quality of drawing to a certain extent depends on the correct choice of pencil. Too hard graphite leaves a hollow on the paper, too soft - it stains the paper. Pencils are used for cartographic work from 2M to 6T: 2M-2T - when drawing in wet and cold weather, on photographic paper and paper of lower quality, ZT-6T - on drawing paper highest quality and when working, in dry, hot weather, 2M-TM - for simple notes, sketches, shading.

On the right side of each pencil there is a marking consisting of the name of the manufacturer, the name of the pencil, the designation of the degree of hardness and the year of manufacture
From domestic brands, drawing pencils "Designer", "Architect" can be distinguished, from foreign ones - "K0N-1-NOOR" (Czechoslovakia).

Sharpening a pencil should be performed from the end opposite the marking (see Fig. 13). To do this, use various sharpeners, scalpels. First, the tree is cut by 30 mm, exposing graphite by 8-10 mm, then a graphite rod is sharpened on fine-grained sandpaper or a bar. The final polishing is done on drawing paper. A sharpened pencil should be in the shape of a cone.

Grinding graphite does not happen so quickly if you sharpen it with a spatula. This is usually done if there are many long lines drawn in the drawing. You need to work with a pencil with such a sharpening so that the sides of the sharpening are parallel to the ruler. Otherwise, the lines will be thick and of different thicknesses. When sharpening, keep the work area clean. Since pencils dull quickly, it is convenient to have 3-4 sharpened pencils when working. It is a good idea to have protective caps for pencils that protect the graphites from breaking when dropped or during transportation.

Recently, they have become popular mechanical pencils with collet holders and retractable lead. However, not all of them can be used in drawing. It depends on the design of the holder, the availability of the necessary leads.

To erase pencil lines and clean dirty areas of the drawing, use erasers(erasers). They can be soft (pencil) and hard (ink). The composition of the latter includes abrasive substances. With a hard rubber band, weak traces of ink or paint are usually removed from the drawing. In topographic drawing, soft rubber bands are more often used. Erasing with an elastic band should be done carefully and in one direction, as strong pressure and multidirectional movements damage the surface of the paper. This is especially noticeable on low quality paper. With rapid erasing, the temperature of the gum and paper rises, as a result of which the graphite is smeared and rubbed into the paper - a hard-to-remove stain is formed. Therefore, rubber bands should only be used when absolutely necessary.

To delete in a drawing small parts use an elastic band with a sharp edge, for which a rectangular piece of elastic band is cut diagonally. Contaminated gum is either trimmed or rubbed off on clean white paper. Over time, the gum becomes covered with a hard crust, which is also cut off. To soften the gum is sometimes placed in kerosene, but after that it must be kept in hot water to remove fat. It is recommended to store the gum in a case.

In production and educational institutions done in most cases. Therefore, it is important to remember a few general rules working with it:
- sharpen the pencil from the end free from the inscription in order to preserve its marking. If you follow this rule, then all your pencils will be marked and this will help you in your work;
- drawing pencils have different lead hardness, which is indicated on the side surface near the end of the non-sharpening one:
- T, 2T and 3T (HB, H and 2H) - harder than more figure the harder the pencil;
- M, 2M and 3M (HB, B and 2B) - soft, the larger the number, the softer the pencil.
- the selection of the hardness of the pencil lead with the appropriate grade of paper ensures the drawing of lines, excluding the indentation of the pencil into the paper. This makes it possible, if necessary, to erase the line without leaving traces (ruts);
- at drawing with a pencil the correctness of its sharpening in the presence of a given grade of paper should ensure that lines are clear, clearly visible, of the required thickness. Drawing lines that are poorly visible, pale, gray leads to fatigue of the draftsman's vision. It is necessary to constantly monitor the preservation of sharpness and length of the lead, constantly undermine it. Planted sharpening leads to thickening of the lines. After the next sharpening of the stylus with sandpaper or a needle file, a final finishing is done on some rough paper;
- when drawing lines with a pencil along a ruler, T-square or square, the pencil should be located in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the drawing or slightly inclined away from itself;
- when drawing lines with a pencil along a ruler, T-square or square, all lines should be drawn from left to right or from top to bottom. At the same time, the line is not brought to the end a little and it is already finished from right to left (from bottom to top). Thus, the best clarity of the line from beginning to end is achieved;
Initially drawing with a pencil it is customary to do in thin lines for this, pencils with a hard lead are used - T, 2T and 3T (HB, H and 2H). After approval by the teacher, outline it using soft lead pencils - M, 2M and 3M (HB, B and 2B) - with drawing with a pencil, the lines drawn must be in the light, they should not be covered from the light by a ruler, or a square, or the draftsman himself;
- when drawing lines and deleting lines, the draftsman's hands do not touch the surface of the sheet, only the working tool pencil, eraser and brush for removing debris touches it, so you can keep the surface of the sheet white.