Basic rules of academic drawing. Portrait Drawing Basics

time and place

August 10, 11, 13, 17, 18 from 19:00 to 22:30. There are two Fridays, two Saturdays and one Monday.

Address: st. Kuznetsky most, 12, workshops 337-338, Simple school.

Enter the entrance to the left of the Museum slot machines, to the 3rd floor, two times to the right.

Recording

Reviews of the first three tasks:
Still life of geometric bodies
Parts of a human face (Michelangelo's David)
human skull

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Reviews of the first two tasks:

staging: Parts human face(Michelangelo's David): eye, nose, mouth and ear

Parts of the face of Michelangelo's David have been used for centuries study guides in the subject academic drawing. Agreeing with the traditional opinion that in order to begin the study and drawing of the form human head, you need to familiarize yourself with its individual parts, i.e. small forms from which the whole will be formed in the future, I gave the participants the appropriate task

Format and materials: paper sheet A2, graphite pencil different hardness, eraser.

Tasks:
1. Compositional.
Compose the form on the sheet plane
2. Form submission.
Talk about the decomposition of any natural form that is complex in geometry into simpler "primitives".
3. Transfer of space.
Space and planning within a complex form.

Results:
Nose:

Anya
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Eye:


Marina
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Mouth:


Zhenya
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Ear:

George
()

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staging: still life from geometric bodies.
This is the very first task in the programs of many teachers, different universities, schools and studios. It is also the first in my program. In this seemingly simple setting at first glance, students consider and, if possible, solve the main problems of analytical drawing that will be faced by them throughout the course. This is a kind of introduction to the specialty.

Tasks:
1.Composite
The students had to arrange objects located in space on a flat sheet of A2 format. There was a search for the number of objects themselves - forms - and the remaining space - counterforms - in paper space. I urged to show more interest in the objective world, and not in space, by making the forms as large as possible, and the sheet, accordingly, as "dense" as possible.

2.Form submission
The construction of objects on a plane, the so-called "through" drawing of simple geometric bodies. Vanishing point, lines going into perspective, bodies of revolution with their ellipses, and other questions on the topic. Here are the steps to complete this task:
- objects are arranged, their proportional relations to each other are clarified
- work on the construction of each individual item, with constant attention to the whole

Tone as an additional means of conveying form. The form must first be understood, “named” (align exactly), after which it is already hatched

Stroke in shape - a means for conveying the shape of an object in a specific perspective

3.Space transfer
An attempt to convey plannedness with the help of a difference in tone (contrast).

Thus were taken the first steps in analytical drawing for some of the painters.

Results:


Zhenya
()

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In the 2015-2016 season, the group worked according to the following program:

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Participants can at any time finish their studies in a group, then anyone who wants to take the place of the dropout is invited.
Those who want to get into the group should write to Alexander: [email protected] a letter with the subject "I want to get into the drawing group." The letter should answer the following questions:

Who you are?
Why do you want to be in this group?
- What is your goal?

Attach some of your the best works on this topic.

The continuing group works on Mondays and Thursdays from 19.00 to 22.00.

The cost of the lesson - 2000 rubles

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Admission to a new group for academic drawing by Alexander Korotaev is announced. aleksko85 September 15th, 2015

Dear friends I am pleased to announce the recruitment of a new study group. I invite all capable, caring and willing to work hard on the way to the study of the form and its plastic expression.
Our work will begin from the very beginning - with a still life of geometric bodies, and will end with a drawing of nature.

Write me letters and send your applications for participation in the group to my mail: [email protected]
Attach your work to letters in any pictorial genre: these can be drawings, sketches, paintings, sculptures, etc. The selection will be strict.

About work in study group you can see it here: or a little further down the page

		number of lessons	Number of hours	Homework
	Still life of geometric bodies Sketch composition Translation of the composition to A2 format Working with a sheet			Construction of simple geometric bodies, bodies of revolution Task for a stroke Still life of simple household items (boxes, vases ...)
	Parts of the face			Sketches of individual parts of the face and faces (expressive and unusual)
	human skull - Drawing-scheme from a plaster model Natural skull drawing (directional lighting)			Sculpting a three-dimensional skull in ½ the size of nature, material - sculptural plasticine
	Ecorche head Diagram of facial muscles Plaster model drawing (directional lighting)			Sketches, short drawings: self-portrait using different facial muscles (different emotions and facial expressions)
	Greek head Main sheet (gypsum model, lighting)			Drawings and sketches of people's heads
	Head - live model Short pattern (soft material) Main sheet (live model, lighting)			Long drawing of a portrait of a man (head)
	Portrait with shoulder girdle Drawing diagram of the device of the shoulder girdle Main sheet (live model, lighting)			Long drawing of a portrait of a man (shoulder girdle)

The selected participants will be sent a timetable with the specified place and time of the classes in a response letter.
Preliminarily, we can say that classes will begin with october, will be held 2 times a week on weekdays (Monday and Thursday?) evening time from 19.00 to 22.00. Attention: The days of the classes will be confirmed.
I'm waiting for your letters!

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Friends, today I have 2 news. I'll start, traditionally, with not the most pleasant. Well, not for everyone, but perhaps for those who are looking forward to a watercolor course. The training has been delayed a bit.

I don't know what to name as a reason. For some reason the course this moment, which is called, "does not go." Either the footage is not saved, then the sound disappears without a trace in the finished video, then the camera breaks ...

In general, it seemed to me that it was worth putting the work on pause for a while ...

In the meantime, the watercolor course is laid back, I decided to switch to something no less interesting. What exactly? For example, I'm very interested academic drawing.

You may remember that in, which I recently offered to take, there was a question about what topics of courses or trainings you are interested in. And among other things, there was an answer "Academic Drawing". To be honest, I did not think that someone would choose this option, I included it just out of curiosity.

And - completely unexpected for me! - 53 people out of 121 answered that they are interested in academic drawing.

Why is this surprising. During the time that I have been working on the site, I have got the impression that most of the people who are looking for drawing lessons on the Internet do not want to study seriously, in a sense, professionally. And what do they want? I don't know... Maybe just to keep myself busy or kill some time? (I foresee a storm of indignation .. No, I do not mean you personally, I know that my longtime readers study very seriously).

academic drawing it is a professional training system. And I am very glad that among my readers there were many who are interested in this.

But still, suddenly we understand by this term several different things?

Let me talk about some of the misconceptions associated with academic drawing, or myths. And then about the basic principles of academic drawing.

Myth 1. academic drawing- work on assignment, at the institute or at an art school. Unlike a drawing on a free theme.

In fact, academic drawing is a system realistic image objects based on their design features.

And, in principle, it does not matter what and where you draw. It is almost always possible to guess from a drawing whether its author studied academic drawing. This is especially noticeable in the popular Lately portraits from photos. Because without such a skill, a person simply copies tonal spots, and the form can “float”. If the artist has learned to draw professionally, he first of all begins to build a portrait, and arranges the spots in accordance with the construction. Perhaps he will have them somewhat different than in the original photo, but the form will look correct and convincing.

Myth 2. Academic drawing very difficult to learn.

In principle, it is clear why such an impression is formed. I also saw voluminous drawing textbooks recommended for studying in art universities. But you see, drawing is movement. What can be shown very easily is much more difficult to explain in words. Try to describe, for example, "the dance of the little ducklings" in such a way that a person who has never seen it would be able to dance, guided by your description. Guess you'll have to use "multi-bookaf" as teenagers say)

Education in the Soviet Union was really mass and generally accessible. And the system of academic training in drawing was built in such a way that anyone could be taught to draw. There is no cumbersome theory that requires cramming. All the theory needed to draw a still life, for example, is the knowledge that parallel lines intersect at the horizon, and circles look like ellipses in perspective. There are a few more rules, but they are also simple and easy to understand.

Myth 3. Academic drawing you have to study for many years.

Once again, this is a practical discipline. The same as dancing or driving a car. You can master the basic principles and movements in just a few lessons. And years of practice hone skills. It is clear that someone who has been driving a car for 10 years does it somewhat better than someone who has just received a license. And so - yes, you can learn all your life.

Myth 4. academic drawing- a very boring job.

It's hard to argue here. At first, until it turns out very well, maybe it’s really not fun. Because they start training with primitives - they draw a cube, a ball, prisms. And I want, for example, a portrait.

But, it's like scales in music. The Flight of the Bumblebee is much more interesting to play, but if the fingers have not gained fluency as a result of playing "boring" scales, the Flight of the Bumblebee will not be fast either.

Basic principles of academic drawing.

1. The design of the object is of paramount importance. At the same time, the constructive construction is inseparable from the cut-off modeling. That is, chiaroscuro is distributed over the object in strict accordance with its structure and shape.
2. Each subject can be represented as a set of basic geometric shapes: ball, parallelepiped, cylinder. If you know how light is distributed over the surface of these simple shapes, you can draw any complex shape. Actually, that's why students draw plaster primitives.
3. The artist paints in planes. That is, all semitones occupy their own section of the plane. Where are the boundaries of these planes, you find based on the design of the object. I don’t know how to explain it more clearly, this is just the case when it’s much easier to show than to tell ...
4. Chiaroscuro and design are worked out simultaneously, on the entire plane of the sheet. That is, there are no "white spots", as in the case when you first draw one piece, then another. Drawing at any stage can be considered complete.
5. The work is carried out from the general to the particular. First large shapes and planes, then details. That is, if you are drawing a portrait, for example, you do not start with the peephole, but with the general shape of the head. And the little things like eyelashes or moles are generally outlined at the very end, when the drawing is ready.

Well, here, perhaps, all the information necessary to understand what lies behind the definition of "Academic Drawing".

In the curriculum of educational institutions that train artists, there is always such a subject as academic drawing. This is the ability to convey the volume and texture of an object with the help of chiaroscuro.

The meaning of academic drawing

The works of those artists who have studied this discipline can always be distinguished - they look professional. Amateurs can only copy environment. Professionals have the opportunity to let their imagination run wild and draw an object from any angle, without even seeing it in front of them.

In the course of mastering the basics of academic drawing, you will learn artistic literacy. As a result, abilities will develop: you will confidently reflect on paper everything you have planned. It is very important that the classes take place in the classroom, under the guidance of a mentor. There are many nuances in staging objects, creating the right lighting, choosing the best angles.

How to correctly compose a composition, build a drawing, arrange it in shadows, work it out in tone, give texture - this can only be taught by a knowledgeable teacher who uses all the possibilities of the studio: a large selection of objects, draperies, the presence of the necessary lighting. In some educational institutions and amateur circles, classes academic drawing minimized. But if in the future you want to create not some abstract things “for yourself”, but real paintings - still lifes, portraits, landscapes - then you need to spare no effort to comprehend fine arts.

What is taught during the course?

During the academic drawing lessons, you will master:

the laws of perspective;

the skills of arranging objects on a sheet of paper;

ability to correctly reflect proportions;

the art of arranging chiaroscuro and conveying the texture of objects.

In the first lessons, you will learn how to draw three-dimensional figures - a cube, a cylinder, a ball. At the same time, you will master the techniques of chiaroscuro. How the light falls, where the deepest shadow lies, how to apply hatching correctly - mastering these skills will help you depict objects in the most realistic way. The tasks will become more and more difficult, because the correct geometric shapes in surrounding life do not meet. Chiaroscuro will take center stage. Without it, it is impossible to convey neither the volume nor the texture of objects. Before, it took years to master the science. Today, thanks to the developed teaching methods, you can get the necessary knowledge for a short time.

myths

Myths often prevent novice artists from starting classes in academic drawing. You will have to work according to a clear scheme. No self-activity is allowed. Yes, in the beginning you will be taught how to draw the simplest geometric shapes. But, having mastered the basic knowledge and skills, you can depict the surrounding objects by creating your own compositions. It is difficult to learn academic drawing, you need talent. In fact, you just need to have certain knowledge and be able to apply them in practice.

However, it is better to master science not on your own, but under the guidance of a teacher. He will explain, show and help to avoid mistakes. You need to study for many years, otherwise nothing will work. Basic knowledge can be mastered in a short time. It will take a few sessions for you to master the basic principles. How much time and effort you devote to further improvement depends only on you. The process of learning academic drawing is boring. When you draw geometric shapes, you will have to show yourself as attentive and thoughtful students. The more successfully and faster you master the skills, the sooner you can move on to an exciting creative process.

Work materials

The main tools in the classroom for academic drawing will be simple pencils. In order to correctly convey light and dark shades, the texture of objects - slates must have different hardness.

You will need hard pencils(working in the light), medium soft (midtones) and soft (shadows). Very soft pencils used for sketches and sketches. You will also need a sharp knife for sharpening leads, 2 erasers - soft and harder. A tablet or board, and also buttons to secure the paper. Drawing paper is used in the classroom, it is also useful for a novice artist to have a notebook for sketches.

In support of practical exercises with teachers, you can also study special literature. One of best books for beginner artists - "Fundamentals of educational academic drawing" by Nikolai Lee. The publication discusses in detail the theory and practical issues of visual literacy. Training tasks on academic drawing are given. And they are arranged in sequence - from simple to complex.

Having carefully studied the book, the reader will get acquainted with the basics of composition, get the necessary information about perspective and proportions, comprehend the basics of chiaroscuro, and will have an idea about anatomy. He will form volumetric-spatial representations, and as a result of the exercises, graphic skills will improve. The textbook will benefit the most different categories of readers- and students of art universities, and students of specialized schools, and just amateurs. Do not be afraid to start classes in academic drawing. Patience and perseverance will definitely pay off.

When viewing professional and amateur drawings, you can always find out which one is which. People who have not been trained in academic drawing, in best case accurately copy the surrounding shapes and colors. But at the same time they are not able to draw objects “from the head”. Professionals who graduated from the school of academic drawing can draw any object from any angle, for this it is not even necessary to observe the object with their own eyes.

Academic drawing is the art of conveying volume and texture with the help of chiaroscuro.

Myths about academic drawing

Most people don't want to go to study academic drawing theory because of several myths associated with this school. Therefore, you first need to deal with this negative, so that there is more desire to draw professionally.

Myth #1: It's always work on assignment.
Partially true. Indeed, it is better to start with the simplest geometric shapes: a cube, a ball, a cylinder, etc. But such tasks concern only the very first works, then no one forbids drawing the room environment: a vase, a clock, an apple on the table. You can compose your own compositions. First of all, the theory of academic drawing is the rules for conveying volume and texture, and it doesn’t matter at all what subject you are depicting.

Myth #2: It's hard to learn

An outright lie. The impression is created under the action of thick books on academic drawing. It is sometimes very difficult to explain movements simply in words. Try, without resorting to demonstrative movements, to describe with the words “dance of little ducklings”. The description will take more than one hour, although it can be shown in a few seconds. Academic drawing - set simple rules, but to understand some of them you need to attend a class, since it is pointless to read about it.

Myth #3: It takes a long time to learn

See how to look. You can learn how to drive a car in a few lessons, but this is clearly not enough to compete in competitions. Also with academic drawing. You can learn how to display objects realistically in a few lessons, but there is no limit to perfection. Therefore, years of practice will be useful and will not be in vain.

Myth #4: It's boring

Partially true. In the first lessons, when you draw cubes and balls, there is little pleasure from the process and the result. It's like any art. But after learning the basics, things will go much faster. After all, students in universities are taught academic drawing not for masochistic pleasure, but to accelerate the further learning process.

Academic Drawing Theory

Academic drawing begins with the display of protozoa volumetric figures: cube, cylinder, sphere and torus. At the same time, they immediately learn to display the volume with the help of chiaroscuro. The fall of light and shadow, shading and shading play leading role. After all, it is with their help that the volume, realism of the subject is transmitted. The displayed objects are gradually becoming more complicated, because in nature there are practically no regular geometric shapes.

There is no chiaroscuro - the object seems flat

There is chiaroscuro - the object has become voluminous

There is even more chiaroscuro - now you can see not only the volume, but also the texture

Like regular geometric shapes, there are also very few "pure" tones in nature. Almost everything we see is a wild mixture of the most different colors, besides, even on the simplest subject, you can find up to a dozen different shades. Great importance has not only the accuracy of tone transmission, but also the transition of one tone to another.