Presentation on the topic of portrait as a genre of painting. Fine art genre - portrait

GENRES OF FINE ART Prepared by Teacher visual arts Timchenko Tatyana Gennadievna MBOU secondary school No. 25 Novoshakhtinsk Portrait

The art of portraiture was born several millennia ago. The first images of a person were not painted with paints. These were huge stone statues of the Egyptian pharaohs. They were created not only to glorify the formidable ruler for centuries. The statues of the pharaohs were not only portraits, they were also doubles of those depicted.

The image of a person's face in sculpture and painting has always fascinated artists, but in some eras the portrait genre flourished especially. So it was in Ancient Rome and during the Renaissance. But the greatest flourishing of portraiture falls on the 17th century, which gave the world such great masters as Rembrandt Harmes van Rijn, Anthony van Dyck and Diego Velasquez. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn Self Portrait Rembrandt Portrait of an Old Man in Red

In Russia, the flowering of portrait art began in the 18th century. F. Rokotov, D. Levitsky, V. Borovikovsky created exquisite and sophisticated portraits of brilliant aristocrats. The lyrical and indescribably mysterious charm of Alexandra Struyskaya was captured by the master of the portrait F. Rokotov. F. S. Rokotov "Portrait of A. P. Struyskaya". V. L. Borovikovsky "Portrait of M. I. Lopukhina." 1797. Tretyakov Gallery. O.A. Kiprensky “Portrait of A.S. Pushkin.

Russians artists of the 19th centuries turned to portraits of people who became famous not for their nobility, but for their talent, love for the people. Their portraits do not amaze with external brilliance. They convey the true face of a person, complex world human character. Many magnificent portraits were created by I. Repin, V. Serov. They preserved for us the images of their contemporaries. I.E. Repin V.A. Serov

V.A. Serov "Girl with peaches" V.A. Serov "Portrait of the actress Yermolova".

I. N. Kramskoy "Self-portrait" I. N. Kramskoy "Portrait of L. N. Tolstoy". 1873 Tretyakov Gallery. I. N. Kramskoy. "Unknown". 1883. Tretyakov Gallery.

The purpose of the lesson: To get acquainted with the history of the development of the portrait genre; To get acquainted with the history of the development of the portrait genre; See different images in creativity famous artists performed in different styles. See different images in the works of famous artists, made in different styles. Learn to analyze works of art and develop their own aesthetic appreciation. Learn to analyze works of art and develop your own aesthetic assessment. Develop the ability to communicate with works of art. Develop the ability to communicate with works of art. Raising a patriotic attitude towards the motherland. Raising a patriotic attitude towards the motherland.

History of the portrait The first samples of the portrait are sculptural and belong to ancient egypt. This was followed by the heyday of the portrait in antiquity, the decline of the genre in the Middle Ages, new discoveries, the rise and transition to the technique of easel painting in the Renaissance, and then further development in later centuries...

Most ancient portrait The oldest known attempt to depict a human face is 27,000 years old. It was discovered in the Villonere cave near the city of Angouleme (France). The "portrait" was made with chalk on the natural bulges of the wall, resembling a face in shape. Drawn horizontal lines eyes and mouth and a vertical stripe representing the nose.

The ancient Greeks for a long time portrait in the strict sense of the word did not exist. They had a custom of rewarding winners sports games setting up statues of them in public places, but these were perfect figures athletes who portrayed them only in in general terms, idealized, and were made according to the ideal canon of beauty. Hellenic republics even banned public figures and private individuals to commission their realistic portraits, believing that they can develop vanity in citizens and are contrary to the principle of equality between them.

Only in the 5th century BC. for the first time, real portrait herms and statues appeared among the Greeks. The realistic direction was finally established in the portrait sculpture in Hellenistic art under Alexander the Great, thanks to Lysippus and his brother Lysistratus, who was the first to mold masks from nature. Hellenistic portraits, preserving the principle of typification characteristic of Greek artists, incomparably more convey not only the features of the external appearance, but also various shades. emotional experience models. From the end of the 5th century BC e. the ancient Greek portrait is becoming more and more individualized, eventually gravitating towards the dramatization of the image.

The development of the ancient Roman portrait was associated with an increased interest in the individual person, with the expansion of the circle of those portrayed. At the core artistic structure many ancient Roman portraits, a clear and scrupulous transmission of the unique features of the model, while respecting the unity of the individual and the typical.

The medieval artist, limited by strict church canons, rarely turned to the portrait. The personal beginning in his understanding was dissolved in religious catholicity. During the Middle Ages, a realistic, naturalistic portrait is very rare. The simplified and standardized features of the depicted character make it possible to identify him only with a certain social role.

Portrait of the Middle Ages More or less the portrait begins to return to art since the 22nd century, remaining, nevertheless, in subordinate roles. It is part of the church architectural and artistic ensemble, preserved in tombstones, on coins and in book miniatures (especially in portraits of customers who were offered books.

The turning point in portraiture, which again came to prominence, came in the Renaissance. It was associated with a change in the ideology of the era. The Renaissance man was full of humanistic realism, that is, he loosened the fetters of religion and believed in the power of the individual, began to consider himself the measure of all things, and therefore he came to the fore in art

Portrait of Mannerism Mannerism - (Italian manierismo, from maniera manner, style), for European art 16th century, reflecting the crisis of humanistic culture High Renaissance. A style in art based on the assimilation of the manner of some great master or a certain art school.

El Greco In the art of Mannerism, the portrait loses the clarity of Renaissance images. It reveals features that reflect a dramatically disturbing perception of the contradictions of the era. The compositional structure of the portrait is changing. Now it has an accentuated sharpness and richness of spiritual expression.

Among the famous portrait masterpieces of that time is Michelangelo da Caravaggio's Lute Player (), in which the artist develops a motif taken from real everyday life.

PORTRAIT 17th century In the 17th century, the highest achievements in the portrait genre were created by the heirs of the Netherlandish painting. By this time it had split into two independent branches, the Flemish and Dutch schools. For the artists of these schools, the portrait acquired more and more greater value and the technology has improved considerably.

Barely crossed the threshold separating the XVII century. from XVIII, we will see in the portraits a different breed of people, different from their predecessors. The drawing of portraits by artists Antoine Watteau (), Francois Boucher () and others is light, mobile, their coloring is full of graceful overflows, it is characterized by a combination of exquisite halftones.

One of the ingenious sculptural portraits of world art is the monument to Peter I French sculptor Etienne Maurice Falcone (), erected in St. Petersburg in the years.

PORTRAIT 19th century 19th century introduced into the art of portraiture the variability of artistic tastes, the relativity of the concept of beauty. Innovative searches in painting are now directed towards rapprochement with reality, towards the search for the diversity of images. In the period of romanticism, the portrait is perceived as an image of the inner “I” of a person endowed with free will.

Real romantic pathos appears in the portrait of F. Chopin by the French brush romantic artist Eugene Delacroix ().

Portrait of the 20th and 21st centuries. In the portrait art of the XXI century. conditionally, two directions can be distinguished. One of them continues the classical traditions of realistic art, singing beauty and grandeur. Man, the other is looking for new abstract forms and ways of expressing his inner world.

Generalization and consolidation of knowledge What is a portrait? How did portrait genre? What influences the development of the portrait genre? Into what periods can the history of the portrait be divided? When is the oldest portrait dated? What is "mannerism" and what are its features? Name the artists and their works that were discussed in the lesson today. What are the features of the modern portrait genre? What is the relationship between painting and music?

Homework Artistic and creative task Prepare an album, a newspaper, an almanac, a computer presentation (optional) on the topic “Portrait genre in the culture of different times”. Include in them information about artists, sculptors, graphic artists, as well as poems, prose passages, fragments musical works, consonant with the images of your portrait gallery.

Summing up Did you like the lesson? Did you like the lesson? What interested you the most? What interested you the most? What new did you learn? What new did you learn? Mark with an icon in your notebook what sensations, emotions the lesson evoked in you. Mark with an icon in your notebook what sensations, emotions the lesson evoked in you.

"Portraits of Kiprensky" - Self-portrait 1808 Characteristics portrait painting of the 19th century. In the portrait, simplicity and integrity of the idea, noble richness of colors. "Portrait of a boy Chelishchev". "Portrait of V.A. Zhukovsky". "Portrait of E.I. Chaplitsa". Creative biography artist. “Portrait of K.N. Batyushkov. "Portrait of D. Davydov" 1809

"Portrait of a teacher" - Psychological picture teachers. Good, bad and none Captains on the ship's bridge. Thus, in development psychological competence the main role devoted to self-improvement, professional and personal self-awareness, the allocation of their professional positions. Good luck to you, debutants and aces.

"Portrait in music" - M.I.Dunaevsky. N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov. Howl who's there? Opera. Who drives the clouds with a broom? The theme of the Princess is the Swan. "Portraits in Music". They dance. Who's moaning there? M.I. Dunayevsky. Who's there? Accent - stress in music. They sing. Belochka theme. P.I. Chaikovsky. In the dark depths of the night? draw a picture for the play "Baba Yaga".

"Russian portrait of the 18th century" - Portrait of Grigory Grigorievich Orlov. 1762-1763 Portrait of a lady of state A.M. Izmailova. Rokotov showed the loftiness of the image of a young woman. An energetic turn of the head gives the portrait a noble pathos. The portrait depicts a high-society beauty who knows the power of her irresistible charm. Portrait of G.R. Derzhavin. 1811.

"The Art of the Portrait" - Or Groups of People, Renaissance Portrait. Basic principles of the development of the portrait genre. Portrait of the 20th and 21st centuries. Portrait of Peter Paul Rubens 1590 A. Durer "Self-portrait". What influences the development of the portrait genre? PORTRAIT 19th century. What is a portrait? G. Holbein Jr. "Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam". The Man in the Mirror of Art: The Genre of the Portrait.

“Russian portrait of the 18th century 1” - The appearance of E. Naryshkina fully corresponds to the ideal of her time. F. Rokotov. Portrait of V.Novosiltseva. The artist depicts girls in theatrical and festive elation. Portraits of "Smolnyanok". A. Matveev "Self-portrait with his wife." Portrait of Nelidova. Portrait of Alexandra Struyskaya. I. Nikitin "Portrait of Chancellor G. Golovkin."

OBJECTIVES: to see human creation in a new way artistic image to discover it for yourself and for him, thereby, too, people are not alike peering into faces, you are amazed at the human individuality life path a person is a trace in his appearance MEANING OF THE PORTRAIT - the joy of recognition - the similarity of the inside

FROM THE HISTORY OF A PORTRAIT What can a portrait tell us? Why is it so interesting to look at portraits of people we do not know, and even from a time far from us? How does the era of its creation appear in the portrait? Explain the signs by which you can guess the time of creation of the work.

IN ancient times in order to preserve facial features, they made a wax or plaster mask from him, they gave calmness and grandeur to the faces. Portraits were performed religiously magical function(majestic statues). During excavations in Fayum, near Cairo, tablets were found with portraits made by wax crayons. Artists focused on the features of the face - each wrinkle, fold revealed a person's life path, his nature. They didn't care about here external beauty, but in each portrait they emphasized fortitude, stern confidence and the will to act. The assertion that through appearance you can convey the spiritual essence, it became especially important in the Middle Ages. Comes new interest To real person, to the originality of his personality. In Russian art, the portrait appeared in the 17th century. They wrote on the board with tempera paints - parsuns. By the end of the 18th century Russian painters have achieved perfect mastery.

What types of fine arts are used to create portraits? What is the peculiarity of revealing the image of a person by means of different types visual arts? What does "similar" or "not similar" mean? According to the shape and proportions, the details of the face are reproduced - is this enough? What is equally important in the features of the portrait?

The artist uses color not only to convey the real coloring of objects, but also to create a certain mood, for the poetic embodiment of the idea. In creating a color image of a portrait great importance has a background color, its relationship with the color of the face, hair, clothes. Truthfulness does not consist in "exactly" repeating the color of the suit, but in being able to see it as a means of revealing the character. It must be understood that there is no "bodily beauty", and the face can be lighter or darker than the surroundings. The way the strokes fall, their texture will also build the image in the portrait.

"La Gioconda", whose perfection lies in the creation perfect image? Lush decoration of palaces, the ideal of abundance and health? "Portrait of an old woman" - warmth and spiritual depth, great sorrows and joys. “Portrait of Leo Tolstoy” is the work of the fate of the people, a true picture of the life of the country. “Laughing Girl”, “Stoker”, “Unknown” - the disclosure of character, all attention is focused on the face, on the transfer of the dignity of a person, the significance of the image. Experiments with shape, color "Girl with pigtails", "Madame Matisse". Fragments of reality, bizarrely combined, form a new absurd and disturbing meaning, similar to the vision of a dream. "The Face of Mae West".

What types of portraits do you know? Give examples. Explain how color in a portrait reveals the image of a person. Give examples. Which of the great portrait painters do you know? Tell us about the works that you remember. Name the great Russian portrait painters, tell us about them. Write a story about the history of the development of the portrait genre.

Dedicated to the transfer of the image of one person, as well as a group of two or three people on canvas or paper. The style chosen by the artist is of particular importance. Drawing a person's face in a portrait is one of the most difficult areas in painting. The master of the brush must convey characteristics appearance, emotional state, inner world posing. The size of a portrait determines its appearance. The image can be bust, generational, half-length or full-length. The pose involves three angles: face (full face), turn "three quarters" in one direction or another and in profile. Portrait as contains endless possibilities realization of artistic ideas. First, a sketch is made, then the drawing itself.

History of the portrait genre

The oldest attempt to depict a human face dates back 27,000 years. The "painting" was discovered in a cave near the French city of Angouleme. The portrait is a contour outlined in chalk, vaguely resembling features human face. ancient artist outlined the main lines of the eyes, nose, mouth. Later (also in caves) in the Balkans and Italy, clearer and more definite images began to appear, among which faces drawn in profile predominated. It is human nature to create talented people can't live without leaving some trace behind them. It can be a pattern laid out of pebbles in the middle of a field, a carved ornament on the bark of a tree, someone's face drawn with charcoal on a rock. Opportunities for creativity are plentiful.

stucco images

Once upon a time, the portrait genre tended to be embodied in sculpture, since in ancient times there were no artists who thoroughly mastered the brush and were able to convey the play of light and shadow. The image of a face in clay was better, and therefore in those distant times it was stucco portraits that dominated. The art of painting appeared much later, when mankind realized the need for cultural communication.

Burials

The appearance of images close to the drawing also refers to more late period, and the first portraits were found in the ancient eastern territories. In the Egyptian state, the deification of the dead took place. During the burial, a kind of portrait was created, which was conditionally considered a double of the deceased. The principle of mummification appeared, and then portraiture. The history of the portrait genre contains many examples of iconic images in both drawing and sculpture. The drawings of the faces of the dead became more and more similar to the original. And then copying the face of the departed to another world was replaced with a mask. The Egyptian dead began to be buried in sarcophagi, on the lid of which the deceased was depicted in full height with a beautiful stylized face. Such funerals were arranged exclusively for the nobility. Egyptian pharaohs, for example, were placed not only in a sarcophagus, but also in a tomb, which was a huge structure.

Variety of solutions

The artist has a choice when painting a portrait: depict the face and clothes of a person in accordance with the original, or be creative, creating an exquisite creative picture. The main condition for this remains the similarity, which plays a dominant role. Independent - portrait art, open to experiments of the widest spectrum. The artist has the opportunity to improve his skills, applying the latest technical achievements.

Indeed, the execution technique is decisive for achieving the optimal result. The most common method of portraiture in professional artists is This style is rooted in the depths of centuries. It was used by ancient artists. Their work has survived to this day. The portrait as a genre of fine art has existed since time immemorial, and today it is a popular means of artistic expression.

"Dry brush"

IN Lately a technique becomes popular when the image is created not with strokes, but by rubbing a small amount of paint. At the same time, the brush is almost dry, and the method itself allows you to get beautiful halftones. Since the most subtle genre of painting is a portrait, and the image of a face in paints requires precisely delicate shades, the "dry brush" technique is the best suited for this purpose.

Types

The genre of the portrait is divided into several types: ceremonial, chamber, intimate and plot. There is also a special type called self-portrait, when the artist depicts himself. As a rule, this is a purely individual drawing. In general, the portrait genre is completely independent, subject to certain rules. These rules are never violated, although their scope may be extended under certain circumstances.

In addition to those already listed, there is another genre of portraiture, which includes special artistic features, a specialized variety that requires a systematic approach. This is a costumed portrait, when the canvas depicts modern man in clothes of the past. The range of plots is not limited: from the skins in which he put on primitive, to the wedding dress of the Renaissance. In this portrait variety there are elements of theatricality. IN Russian Federation, especially in Moscow, the costumed portrait was widespread, but this happened not for the sake of fashion, but rather as a tribute to art.

Genre of portraiture in art

Paintings painted in different time, combines one prerequisite - the pictures must be reliable. An important role is played by the portrait component, in other words, the image of the faces of the characters. The success of the picture depends on how carefully the facial features are written out. The expression of the eyes, smiles or, conversely, frowned eyebrows, all the nuances should be reflected on the canvas. The task is not easy, but the reliability factor testifies to the skill of the artist. That is why the portrait genre in art is so unambiguous and requires full dedication from the master. Experienced Artists pictures are best done in the plot of which there are people, their faces close-up and accented movement.

Literary portraits

Writers, as well as artists, quite often depict a person's face. Literary devices much more for this, the rich Russian language allows the use of numerous art forms, turns and phrases. The goal that the writer is striving for is identical in meaning to the artist’s intention, the writer describes facial expressions as a result of a person’s moods, a reflection of his thoughts, emotions and experiences. the portrait is rather complicated. It is necessary to describe, avoiding superficial formulations. This requires the skill of a true creator. Among Russian writers who are able to express in a few words the essence of the human form, the great Maxim Gorky occupies the first place. His American follower, also masterfully mastered the art of verbal portrait drawing. Genre literary portrait diverse, the description follows a certain style, it can be cheerful or sad, short or lengthy, it all depends on each individual work.

Photo

With the advent of daguerreotype, the possibilities of fine art expanded, and portraits were no exception. A photographic portrait cost much less than an oil painting, and recognition was one hundred percent. And although artists caustically remarked that photography was for the poor, "the general public turned towards a more accurate image on a silver-plated plate. The portrait photography genre quickly became fashionable, there was no end to those who wanted to capture themselves and their loved ones.

However, the new method, the daguerreotype, had its drawbacks. Photography, unlike a picturesque portrait, did not allow changing anything. The image froze once and for all, it was impossible to fix something. And if we take into account that the person was photographed sitting or standing (in a tense pose), then he did not come out in the picture in the best way. Therefore, there were many disappointments, claims and discontent. Nevertheless, portrait shots took root, people learned how to pose artistically, and everything fell into place.