"guard to my brother": the military medical service of the guard. Penetrating to the depths of the soul shots of human compassion, made during hostilities Carts for the wounded war peace
Back to the origins
Her gray hair had long since gone silver, and her face was lined with wrinkles. And memory is timeless. The interlocutor remembers everything in the smallest detail, does not get confused in dates, names. Quotes Simonov, recalls " Hot Snow» Yuri Bondarev, retells his favorite war films ...
For most of her life, Anna Lebedeva lives in the city above the Neman. For many years, she has taken a liking to Grodno with all her heart, but even today she remembers her life with genuine warmth. small homeland. There, in the Danilovka settlement, in the Stalingrad region (now the working settlement of Danilovka, Volgograd region), it often happens that he returns in his thoughts. She spent her childhood and youth there. parental home it was always warm and cozy, the delicious smell of bread and milk. There Anna graduated from high school and joined the Komsomol. WITH young years dreamed of becoming a historian, therefore, having received a certificate, she became a student of the history department of the Stalingrad Pedagogical Institute. But I didn’t study even two courses, when big changes broke out. In 1940, education at the institute became paid, students were left without scholarships, and non-residents also without a hostel. Anna had to go home. She transferred to the correspondence course and got a job in her native school. She was entrusted with leading ancient history in two 5th grades, besides, the young teacher combined lessons with work in the school library.
trial by fire
The war found Anna Lebedeva an eighteen-year-old girl.
- As soon as they announced on the radio that the war had begun, they heard “Get up, huge country, get up, to a mortal battle! ..”, everyone realized it, - the interlocutor recalls, shaking her head.
Later, she, along with other girls, was sent to a six-month course to train surgical nurses. And already in April 1942, they were called to the military registration and enlistment office, and soon sent to the front. We stopped nearby, in the Stalingrad suburb of Bekhetovka. A two-week quarantine, taking an oath ... So Anna Lebedeva became liable for military service, ended up in the anti-aircraft artillery regiment 1080, or rather, in the regimental medical unit. It was based on several floors of the local school number 21. Doctors, sisters of mercy and orderlies guarded the city, helped the needy, saved the wounded. In the summer, German planes began to reach the territory of Stalingrad, and in August the raids became massive. Anna Nikolaevna especially remembered August 22 and 23, 1942, when the planes took off in groups of 10-15 times a day.
“These days, the wounded were constantly brought to us, the medical unit turned into an emergency room,” the woman recalls. - It was terrible to watch: someone's arm was torn off, someone was left without part of his leg ... God forbid.
She, a young girl, of course, was scared. But the chief physician Nikolai Prokofievich Kovansky quickly brought the youth to their senses, they say, you are Komsomol members, you took the oath, then forget about “Oh!” and about “Ai!”.
These two days in August were truly a baptism of fire for medical officer Anna Lebedeva.
jubilant May
In October, the medical unit in which Anna Lebedeva served was relocated to dugouts, because it was not safe to stay in the school building: shells were constantly exploding, doctors and orderlies walked along the corridors in helmets. The dugouts, according to Anna Nikolaevna's stories, were soundly equipped, and were connected to each other by special passages. Once, on the eve of February 23, the head physician suggested that the workers make a kind of forced march to Stalingrad: medical instruments, dressings, syringes and much more were running out.
The picture that they saw in Stalingrad was shocking: not a single remaining building, destroyed houses, burnt walls ... Anna, together with colleagues from the medical unit, went into the buildings marked with a red cross, in search of the necessary supplies for work. And somewhere nearby explosions were heard - it would shoot there, that one would rumble there ...
In Bekhetovka, the regimental medical unit of the anti-aircraft artillery regiment 1080 stood until the end of 1943, then doctors, including Anna Lebedeva, were sent to Rostov-on-Don. In November of the 44th, an order was received to head to Hungary. We traveled by train, the road was long. We didn’t get to Budapest right away, we first stopped in a small town nearby. In 1945, after soviet soldiers liberated the city, the medical unit was located on the island of Csepel, where it was located until the victory.
When Anna Lebedeva recalls the victorious May of 1945, her mood immediately rises, her eyes light up with joy. The soul rejoiced, like spring in Budapest, which came there earlier than usual: everything was in bloom, fragrant. It seemed that even nature rejoiced at the Great Victory.
The way home was long, by train almost whole month. Anna brought home awards, including the Order Patriotic War 2nd degree, medals "For the Defense of Stalingrad" and "For Military Merit".
Love through the years
In September, Anna came to get a job at her native school in Danilovka, but she was offered a position in the district committee of the Komsomol. She did not work there for long, because fate finally gave her a long-awaited meeting.
They met their future husband Ivan Lebedev before the war. By the way, he was also from the local, Danilov. We first met at a club where Anna and her students took part in a concert dedicated to March 8th. Ivan then just served, returned home. Warm feelings literally from the first meeting connected their hearts. But then the war broke out, Ivan was called to the front on the very first day. They did not lose touch, wrote warm letters to each other.
The lovers met in February 1946, when Ivan Lebedev came home on vacation. He immediately insisted that the wedding should not be postponed - he was afraid to lose his beloved again.
The Lebedevs registered their union a month later and almost immediately left for Romania. Ivan served there, and his wife, of course, went after him. Then they were transferred to Moscow, and in 1956 the family settled in Grodno. For ten years, Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Danilovich Lebedev was the military commissar of the Grodno region, and Anna Nikolaevna guarded the family hearth and raised children.
When they grew up, she got a job as a librarian in school No. 10. She liked the work, she was familiar with librarianship, and she loved literature very much. She tried to instill a love of reading in schoolchildren, and relied on the patriotic education of young people. It turned out, for which Anna Nikolaevna was repeatedly awarded with diplomas.
Doesn't give up
The family union of Anna and Ivan Lebedev was strong and happy, they lived together for 68 years.
- Ivan Danilovich was a very serious person, I am also stubborn to some extent, - the interlocutor recalls. - But I thought so: he is older, which means that life knows better. And he also listened to me, yielded to each other. Once I was asked if it was hard to be the wife of a Hero, and I answered no. It's much harder to be a hunter's wife.
It turns out that Ivan Danilovich had such a passion, and she worried about him every time. Four years ago, her husband passed away, but he was always a real man for her, a man with a capital letter, her Hero. It remains so in her heart to this day. Photos of him are neatly hung next to her sofa.
- The trouble is that there is no outline by which you live your life. Everything on the way meets, - the war veteran notes.
In recent years, due to illness, Anna Nikolaevna has been bedridden. Vision also fails, and hearing is not the same. For the 95th anniversary, the chairman of the Grodno city branch of the NGO "Union of Poles in Belarus" Kazimir Znaidinsky presented the birthday girl with a modern hearing aid. Even earlier - a special stroller. The students and staff of the Kupalovsky University, as well as the activist of the women's movement Tereza Belousova, do not let you get bored. Every day, a social worker comes to Anna Lebedeva, who will cook, wash, do the housework, and most importantly, talk heart to heart. So life is more fun.
Photo by Nikolai Lapin
The epic novel by Leo Tolstoy is a rather instructive work. It reveals the true false values, unmasks hypocrites and shows unnoticed virtue, reveals the nature of each hero who appears before the reader both in happiness and in grief. This is an extremely truthful book that makes us delve deeper into the essence of social relationships and understand how important it is to turn our gaze inwards. Therefore, such moral categories as indifference and responsiveness are presented in War and Peace to the fullest extent, and we can find many useful arguments there for the final essay.
- Princess Mary has always been a sympathetic and kind girl, although people did not always reciprocate her feelings. For example, her harsh and rude father underestimated and humiliated her daughter in every possible way. She, however, treated him with touching concern. She reacted humbly to the insults of the head of the family, although her self-esteem suffered significantly because of them. Marya is sure that she is not a beauty, and, judging by the words of her father, there is no mind in her. However, the heroine did not withdraw into herself and did not harbor evil, but continued to come to the aid of all those in need with kindness and tenderness. It was she who raised her brother's child and sheltered the Rostovs. Even her relentless parent, before his death, asked her for forgiveness for his antics, as he realized how devoted and sympathetic his daughter was. Tolstoy put these qualities in women above beauty, and he was right.
- Indifference throughout the novel did not tire of showing Helen Kuragina. She went over her heads to her goals and did not consider the feelings of other people. For example, she didn’t care what Pierre feels when looking at her betrayals. She deceived him and married in order to get his money and arrange her idle life luxuriously. With the same indifference, she changed lovers, because they were just a mirror in which she saw her attractiveness. Satiated and spoiled, she found entertainment by playing with the fate of Natasha Rostova. It was Helen who lured her into the arms of her dishonest brother and actually became the culprit of her shame, betraying friendship. However, the disregard for others backfired on her in full, because in Hard time no one came to her aid.
- Responsiveness was hallmark Natasha Rostova, who has always been a sensitive and devoted friend, a wonderful daughter and a merciful girl. For example, Pierre Bezukhov was very fond of her company, because the heroine always supported him with advice, sympathy and pity. Throughout the story, she kindly treats Sonya, comforting the poor orphan and giving her hope. She also treats her parents with attention and participation, not allowing them to lose heart. Natasha showed phenomenal strength of mind when she gave reins to the wounded soldiers and eased their suffering, despite the objections of her mother. Andrey Bolkonsky needed her responsiveness especially strongly. The heroine looked after him when he was dying, and was able to lighten his soul before his death, breathe into her calmness and peace, which the prince lacked so much in the war. For her virtue, she was rewarded with a happy marriage.
- Nikolai Rostov showed shameful indifference to the fate of his relatives, getting into debt and putting his family in a difficult situation. In fact, his frivolity became the reason for the ruin of the Rostovs. He knew how hard life was for his family, but he squandered almost the last money to maintain his status in the service. In addition, his indifference to Sonya, who was so devotedly waiting for him, is unpleasantly surprising. At first he shows sympathy for the girl, then becomes cold with her, and already frankly declares that he will not be against her marriage. Selfishness is characteristic of this hero, and life teaches a selfish lesson when he is forced to admit that because of him the family was on the verge of a local economic crisis. Then the humiliating prospect of a marriage of convenience arises before him, and only a timely insight gives him a chance to arrange his fate with dignity and help his relatives. This example demonstrates the fact that people can change for the better and overcome indifference in themselves.
- Mikhail Kutuzov in the novel "War and Peace" shows responsiveness to the soldiers and protects their lives, unlike the same Napoleon. The general is ready to endure the ridicule of the nobility and the wrath of the emperor, only to save the army from unnecessary losses. The hero teaches difficult science and the ambitious Prince Andrei, but he did not immediately understand her wisdom, like most young people. They did not yet know how much blood is shed in a war inspired by ambition. This unstoppable element of violence and death could be restrained only by the person who feels the tragedy of every family that has lost its breadwinner, feels the grief of the country and people. Such, no doubt, was General Kutuzov, who was not indifferent to every fighter and believed that it was a simple peasant guy who lifted victory on his shoulders, and not military leaders and monarchs. This attitude of the commander led the Russian army to success.
- Indifference on a national scale appears before the reader when he sees Napoleon. This emperor was obsessed with his importance, his ambitions, so he did not think about the price at which he gets victories. He drove the soldiers forward, not feeling their fatigue and despondency in foreign lands, where one cold can drive you crazy. Moving towards Moscow, forgetting about caution, the commander lost sight of the fact that in the event of a retreat, his soldiers would have nothing to eat, because the Smolensk road was burned and devastated. In pursuit of glory, he dropped responsibility for the lives of his subjects - this is the main reason why his attack was doomed to failure. Kutuzov knew this and took advantage of the enemy's ambition, for whom momentary success was more important than the army - the capture of Moscow. But the French governor paid for his indifference: he lost, lost a significant part of the army and returned home with nothing. Interesting? Save it on your wall!
The scene of the Rostovs' departure from Moscow occupies several chapters of the third volume of the novel. The Rostov family is slowly and listlessly preparing to leave Moscow. Carts with the wounded are driving along the streets of Moscow. Natasha sees them from the window and invites the officers to stay at their house, since they are leaving Moscow soon anyway. The wounded are located in the Rostovs' house. The countess begs her husband to go tomorrow to take Petya away from Moscow and thereby prevent him from participating in the battle. The Rostovs' servants receive another wounded man. It turns out to be Andrei Bolkonsky, who, according to his valet, is very weak. The good Count Rostov releases several carts from the property so that the wounded soldiers can leave on the carts. Countess Rostova is angry with the Count for his act, because she believes that the Count's kindness is ruining their family. Natasha asks her mother to allow more wounded soldiers to be taken away from Moscow instead of things. The Rostovs leave Moscow and take the wounded with them. The wounded Bolkonsky is riding in one of the carriages. At a difficult dramatic moment for Moscow, Russia, the family of Natasha Rostova saves her own property - her marriageable daughter. Nobody understands the drama of the situation. And only Natasha, with her inner instinct, guesses the unnaturalness of her actions, actions and understands what is happening and what needs to be done: she “screamed”, her throat trembled from convulsive sobs”, “afraid to weaken and release a charge of her anger for nothing, she turned and quickly rushed up the stairs "," like a storm burst into the room and with quick steps approached her mother. "Natasha rushed to her mother demanding to give carts for the wounded: This is impossible ... this is not like anything, you just look in the yard ... Mommy! This cannot be "But for some reason the count is silent. The culmination of the episode is the scene where the count, hiding tears of pride for his daughter, hides his face and says: -Eggs ... Eggs teach chicken ... Ellipsis ... And a pause ... A pause that says a lot, sometimes more than words ... like three dots. This it is necessary to understand, comprehend the count ("through happy tears he hugged his wife, who was glad to hide her shamefaced face ...), the countess of the word, the behavior of Natasha, who turned out to be wiser, stronger in this life situation and experience a sense of pride and happiness for raising her daughter. In the final scene, the author resorts to comparison. "Sonya, who did not stop bothering, also bothered: but the goal of her troubles was the opposite of Natasha's goal. She removed those things that should have remained; tried to capture as much as possible more", and "wounded with pale joyful faces" surrounding the carts, men with a changed mood helping to unload things, and Natasha, who skillfully disposed of all this. Comparison in Tolstoy, as well as the technique of psychologism, is not a speech manner, but a means of conveying a specific idea. In comparison and in the picture inner world the hero is the final assessment of the episode's intention. The writer shows in Natasha a person who is able to understand with his heart and mind the threat looming over his homeland without lofty words and does what the situation requires.
A fragile girl pulled thousands of soldiers from the battlefield. Many fighters openly admitted that they could not have survived the horrors that fell to her lot: they simply would not have had the courage. And Ekaterina Mikhailova always went ahead. the site recalls the exploits of a fragile Leningrad girl, who today, December 22, turned 90 years old.
Katyusha went ashore
The heroic name of Ekaterina Mikhailova (Demina) was familiar to everyone Soviet people. 20 years after the end of the war, she was wanted all over the country.
The paratroopers wrote letters to her in newspapers and on television, asking everyone who knew at least something about the foreman of the marine battalion Ekaterina Mikhailova to tell her where she was. It turned out that Katya got married, changed her last name and began working at a secret factory in Elektrostal. In 1964, she was finally found.
The soldiers dedicated it to her famous song about "Katyusha", although initially the authors put a different meaning into the poems. Stories about the heroic deeds of the girl went all over the front. The medals that Catherine received during the war years speak of her merits. Mikhailova - Hero of the Soviet Union, awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degrees, medals "Gold Star", "For Courage", "For the Capture of Budapest", "For the Capture of Vienna", "For the liberation of Belgrade", "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War."
Irreplaceable person
She was born on December 22, 1925 in Leningrad and lost her parents early. Her father, a Red Army soldier, died, and her mother died of typhoid fever. Therefore, the girl was brought up in orphanage. By the beginning of the war, she was less than 15 years old. She came under the first bombing at the very beginning of the war in the Smolensk region, when the train in which she was traveling to her older brother in the Brest Fortress was fired upon by German aircraft. The train was bombed, many civilians were killed - mostly the wives of the military and their children.
On December 22, 2015, Ekaterina Demina turned 90 years old. Photo: AiF-Petersburg / Maria Sokolova.
For several days, the girl traveled to Smolensk on foot. Many did not reach their own then, people were shot in the back by the Germans passing by on motorcycles. 15-year-old Katya Mikhailova survived by a miracle. In Smolensk, she found a recruiting office and confidently approached the military commissar. In order to get to the front, she added two years to her age.
Uncle, uncle, send me to the front, - Ekaterina Illarionovna recalls. - He came closer and said: “Girl, how old are you? We do not take children to the front!”
Katya was a fragile girl, she looked about ten years old. In an orphanage, you don’t get too excited. As a result, Ekaterina got to the front by accident. On the outskirts of Smolensk, she nailed to the retreating part and asked to be with them. It soon turned out that the girl is an indispensable person in the war. After all, she took nursing courses and knew how to provide first aid. In conditions of severe losses, these qualities were worth their weight in gold.
under fire from the fascists
A few days later, the legendary battle of Yelnya took place, where Katyusha showed her fearless character. The fighting became more and more fierce. In the battle near Gzhatsk, Katya was seriously wounded. Doctors collected her leg, broken in three places, literally piece by piece. By car, the girl was taken to the station, from where thousands of wounded soldiers were sent to hospitals in the Urals in a train. In the Sverdlovsk hospital, Catherine's condition was assessed as critical, every day she felt worse. The wound was infected, the temperature rose to 42.5 degrees. Katya was saved by the nurse, aunt Nyusha, who was coming out wounded.
A month later, Mikhailova had already begun to take the first steps. After rehabilitation in Baku, she again came to the military commissariat and demanded to be sent to the front. Paramedic Ekaterina Mikhailova was assigned to the Krasnaya Moskva military ambulance ship, which transported soldiers wounded near Stalingrad to Central Asia.
On this ship, the girl spent the entire 1942 year, caring for wounded soldiers, often right under the fire of German aircraft, which, at a strafing flight, machine-gunned an ambulance ship. Ekaterina learned to shoot, she knew military equipment well, so she was eager for a real battle. A battalion of volunteer sailors was just being formed in Baku. At first they did not want to take her: there is no place for women in the navy! But something in the gaze of the brave Katyusha attracted the commander. He was not mistaken, later she carried hundreds of wounded sailors on herself, saving the fighters from inevitable death.
In the heat of battle
Forcing the Kerch Strait became the main strategic objective set by the Soviet command. Our troops suffered huge losses, but the attacks did not stop. Katya was in the thick of the fighting.
During the landing operation to capture Temryuk, Mikhailova was shell-shocked, but managed to help 17 wounded soldiers, whom she carried to the rear.
During the capture of Kerch, Katyusha saved 85 wounded soldiers and officers, carried 13 seriously wounded to the rear.
On August 22, 1944, when crossing the Dniester Estuary, Ekaterina Mikhailova was one of the first to reach the shore, provided first aid to seventeen seriously wounded sailors, suppressed the fire of a heavy machine gun, threw grenades at a bunker and destroyed more than ten Nazis.
On December 4, 1944, the senior medical officer of the consolidated company of the coastal escort detachment was wounded. During the operation to capture the fortress of Ilok in Yugoslavia, Katya continued to provide medical assistance to the soldiers and, saving their lives, destroyed 5 Nazis from a machine gun. Wounded, weakened from blood loss and pneumonia, almost in a hopeless condition, Mikhailova was transferred to the hospital.
As far as Ekaterina was known, the fact that her injury was announced on the radio, saying that the legendary Katyusha needed donated blood, speaks. Hundreds of soldiers came to the hospital to help the girl. Then she was presented to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. After recovery, the heroic Leningrad woman returned to service and met the victory in Vienna.
Just think: when Katya performed feats, she was not even 20 years old! After the war, she returned to Leningrad and entered the Mechnikov Institute. Then she left for Elektrostal, where she married veteran Viktor Demin and changed her surname.
None of the new acquaintances even suspected that this fragile woman was a hero of the Great Patriotic War! In 1964, the sailors began to look for their favorite nurse, threw a cry around Soviet Union. And found!
Ekaterina Illarionovna lives in Moscow and celebrates her 90th birthday today! the site joins the numerous congratulations and wishes the legendary Katyusha health and many more years of life!
