Legendary Katyusha. How nurse Mikhailova carried thousands of wounded out of battle

Since childhood, we have heard about the atrocities of the German invaders, in particular, about executions and abuse with Soviet prisoners of war. And here we must admit that yes, such episodes took place in the war, but rather as exceptions or a response to the actions of the partisans and the cruelty on the part of Soviet soldiers towards the Germans who were captured. But what you definitely won't see on TV or in history books are the facts about humane attitude German soldiers to captured Red Army soldiers. Well, it is not customary for us to give the enemy a human appearance, because the more terrible the enemy, the more glory and honor will go to his winners. And in the rays of this glory, their own crimes against humanity fade. We, in turn, invite you to familiarize yourself with the material, which proves that German soldiers and doctors provided medical care to prisoners and civilians of the occupied territory of the USSR and sent captured Soviet medical personnel to prisoner of war camps where their work was in demand. Although, of course, there are those who will say that the photos are staged, and in general, all this is Goebbels propaganda. We will advise them to continue to learn history from Soviet and Russian films about the Great Patriotic War.

Soldiers of the SS division "Das Reich" provide medical assistance to a wounded Red Army soldier. Kursk. 1943

Among the vineyards, under the merciless scorching sun, lay many wounded Russians. Deprived of the opportunity to quench their thirst, they awaited death in the open. It became necessary for German medical personnel to try to rescue them, and Russian doctors and nurses were brought in from the POW camps to help comb the hills for wounded Russian soldiers. Russian doctors had to make a lot of efforts to convince the slightly wounded patients to go to the medical centers. Sometimes it was necessary to resort to the help of stakes pulled out of the ground in the vineyards to force the wounded to move in the direction of the first-aid posts. (c) Biderman Gottlob - In mortal combat. Memoirs of an anti-tank crew commander. 1941-1945.

Medics of the 260th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht provide assistance to captured wounded Red Army soldiers. District of the village of Romanishchi, Gomel region.

The field hospital is busy. Without hesitation, I immediately join. While we are operating, Ivans are coming to the infirmary in a continuous succession. Having surrendered their weapons, they surrender themselves. Apparently, a rumor had spread among their ranks that we did not harm prisoners of war. In a few hours, our infirmary serves over a hundred prisoners of war. (c) Hans Killian - In the shadow of victories. German surgeon on the eastern front 1941-1943.

The Germans provide first aid to a Soviet colonel from the 5th Guards Tank Army. Kursk, July 1943

And I ask the head physician to immediately send this ferocious lady (a captured Soviet paramedic - ed.) to a prisoner of war camp. Russian doctors are urgently needed there. (c) Hans Killian - In the shadow of victories. German surgeon on the eastern front 1941–1943.

Two Luftwaffe officers are bandaging the hand of a wounded captured Red Army soldier. 1941

There were periods of multi-day Russian attacks. There were dead and wounded on both sides. We tried to get ours out every evening. We also took Russian wounded, if any, into captivity. On the second or third day at night, we heard someone moaning in Russian in no man's land: "mama, mama." I crawled out with a detachment to look for this wounded man. It was suspiciously quiet, but we understood that the Russians would also crawl out after him. We found him. This soldier was wounded in the elbow by an explosive bullet. Only the Russians had such bullets, although they were banned. We also used them if we captured them from the Russians. My soldiers began to help him, and I moved forward and watched the Russian side. Five meters away, I saw Russians, also about a squad. We opened fire, and the Russians threw a grenade at us. The Russians retreated, we also retreated, taking the wounded. We took him to the dressing station. There he was operated on and sent further, probably to Staraya Russa. In our country, the wounded were not sent immediately to a hospital in Germany, but at least through three hospitals along the way, and each one was better, higher level than the previous one. In the first, near the front line, there was only primary processing, rough, further better. (c) Extract from an interview with Klaus Alexander Dirshka.

A German provides medical assistance to a Soviet prisoner.

After the capture of Sevastopol, there were hundreds of thousands of Russian wounded who needed help. And then my friend, a military doctor, managed to get permission to take captured Russian doctors from the POW camp, and they treated the wounded and the population. German doctors have done more than Russians! They saved many lives. And it was completely different when the Russians entered here, in Germany. They didn't do anything, they didn't save anyone. There has never been a rape from the German side, as in East Prussia! You definitely heard something about it - there the German civilian population, the peasants, were killed, and the women were raped, and everyone was killed. This caused a terrible revulsion in Germany and greatly increased the will to resist. Young people, 16-17 year old schoolchildren were called in to stop this violence from the east. It's certainly the thing that, like a big bell, awakened the nation's self-preservation instinct, these unpleasant things that happened there. It's the same in Katyn, the Russians denied it for years, they said the Germans did it. There was a lot of dirt! (c) Extract from interview with Dreffs Johannes

An SS man assists a soldier of the Red Army.

In Apolinovka, north of Dnepropetrovsk, the local Russian population was treated by our Dutch doctor, SS Hauptsturmführer, completely free of charge. (c) Excerpt from an interview with Jan Münch.

A German military doctor examines a sick child. Oryol Region. 1942

Medics from the SS division "Totenkopf" provide assistance to sick Soviet children who were brought by their mothers to a medical center opened by the Germans in the village. THE USSR. 1941

A German soldier is bandaging a wounded Russian girl. 1941

End of 1943 Wehrmacht orderlies take care of Russian refugees fleeing the Red Army.

Hero Soviet Union Major Yakov Ivanovich Antonov from the 25th IAP in German captivity, surrounded by German pilots, after medical assistance.

A medic and pilots of a Luftwaffe fighter squadron assist a downed Soviet pilot.

Medics of the 5th SS division "Viking" provide assistance to a wounded Red Army soldier.

A German soldier is bandaging a Red Army soldier who was taken prisoner near the Titovka station in the Murmansk region.

A German infantryman helps a wounded Red Army soldier.

German soldiers help a wounded enemy. Stalingrad.

SS soldiers at the wounded Soviet pilot of the U-2 aircraft, shot down on the Kursk Bulge.

The orderly of the mountain rangers examines the wound of a captured Red Army soldier.

] and his departure to Belaya Tserkov, where this regiment was formed, the countess found fear. The thought that both her sons are at war, that both of them have left under her wing, that today or tomorrow each of them, and perhaps both together, like the three sons of one of her acquaintances, can be killed, in for the first time now, this summer, came to her mind with cruel clarity. She tried to get Nikolai to her, she wanted to go to Petya herself, to find him somewhere in Petersburg, but both turned out to be impossible. Petya could not be returned otherwise than together with the regiment or by transfer to another active regiment. Nikolai was somewhere in the army and after his last letter, in which he described in detail his meeting with Princess Marya, he did not give a rumor about himself. The countess did not sleep at night, and when she fell asleep, she saw her murdered sons in a dream. After many councils and negotiations, the count finally came up with a means to calm the countess. He transferred Petya from the Obolensky regiment to the Bezukhov regiment, which was being formed near Moscow. Although Petya remained in military service, but with this transfer, the countess had the consolation to see at least one son under her wing and hoped to arrange her Petya so that she would no longer let him out and always enroll in such places of service where he could not get in any way. into battle. While Nicolas alone was in danger, it seemed to the countess (and she even repented of this) that she loved her elder more than all the other children; but when the younger one, a naughty fellow who had studied badly, broke everything in the house and bored everyone with Petya, this snub-nosed Petya, with his merry black eyes, a fresh blush and a little fuzz on his cheeks, got there, to these big, terrible, cruel men who there they fight something and find something joyful in it - then it seemed to the mother that she loved him more, much more than all her children. The closer the time approached when the expected Petya was supposed to return to Moscow, the more the countess's anxiety increased. She already thought that she would never wait for this happiness. The presence of not only Sopi, but also her beloved Natasha, even her husband, irritated the countess. “What do I care about them, I don’t need anyone but Petya!” she thought.

IN last days August Rostov received a second letter from Nicholas. He wrote from the Voronezh province, where he was sent for horses. This letter did not reassure the countess. Knowing one son was out of danger, she became even more worried about Petya.

Despite the fact that already on the 20th of August almost all the acquaintances of the Rostovs left Moscow, despite the fact that everyone persuaded the countess to leave as soon as possible, she did not want to hear anything about leaving until her treasure returned, beloved Petya. Petya arrived on August 28. The painfully passionate tenderness with which his mother greeted him did not please the sixteen-year-old officer. Despite the fact that his mother hid from him her intention not to let him out now from under her wing, Petya understood her intentions and, instinctively afraid that he would not become tender with his mother, not get offended (as he thought to himself), he coldly treated her, avoided her, and during his stay in Moscow exclusively kept company with Natasha, for whom he always had a special, almost amorous, brotherly tenderness.

Due to the count's usual carelessness, on August 28 nothing was yet ready for departure, and the carts expected from the Ryazan and Moscow villages to lift all the property from the house did not arrive until the 30th.

From August 28 to August 31, all of Moscow was in trouble and in motion. Every day, thousands of the wounded in the Battle of Borodino were brought into and transported around Moscow to the Dorogomilovskaya outpost, and thousands of carts, with residents and property, went to other outposts. In spite of Rostopchin's billboards, or independently of them, or because of them, the most contradictory and strange news was broadcast around the city. Who spoke about the fact that no one was ordered to leave; who, on the contrary, said that they had taken all the icons from the churches and that they were all forcibly expelled; who said that there was another battle after Borodino, in which the French were defeated; who said, on the contrary, that the entire Russian army was destroyed; who talked about the Moscow militia, which will go ahead with the clergy to the Three Mountains; who quietly told that Augustine was not ordered to leave, that traitors were caught, that the peasants rebelled and robbed those who leave, etc., etc. But this was only said, and in fact, by those who were traveling, and those who remained (despite the fact that there had not yet been a council in Fili, at which it was decided to leave Moscow) - everyone felt, although they did not show it, that Moscow would certainly be surrendered and that it was necessary to get out as soon as possible and save your property. It was felt that everything should suddenly be torn apart and changed, but until the 1st, nothing had changed yet. Just as a criminal who is being led to execution knows that he is about to die, but still looks around him and straightens his badly worn hat, so Moscow involuntarily continued its ordinary life, although she knew that the time of death was near, when all those conditional relationships of life to which they were accustomed to submit would break.

During these three days preceding the capture of Moscow, the entire Rostov family was in various everyday troubles. The head of the family, Count Ilya Andreich, constantly traveled around the city, collecting rumors from all sides, and at home made general superficial and hasty orders about preparations for departure.

The countess watched the cleaning of things, was dissatisfied with everything and went after Petya, who was constantly running away from her, jealous of him for Natasha, with whom he spent all the time. Sonya alone ordered practical side business: packing things. But Sonya has been especially sad and silent all this lately. Nicolas' letter in which he mentioned Princess Marya, caused in her presence the countess's joyful reasoning about how she saw God's providence in the meeting of Princess Marya with Nicolas.

I was never happy then, - said the countess, - when Bolkonsky was Natasha's fiancé, but I always wanted, and I have a premonition that Nikolinka will marry the princess. And how good it would be!

Sonya felt that this was true, that the only way to improve the affairs of the Rostovs was to marry a rich woman, and that the princess was a good match. But she was very sad about it. In spite of her grief, or perhaps precisely because of her grief, she took upon herself all the difficult cares of the arrangements for cleaning and packing things, and was busy all day long. The count and countess turned to her when they needed to order something. Petya and Natasha, on the contrary, not only did not help their parents, but for the most part they annoyed and interfered with everyone in the house. And all day long their running, screams and causeless laughter were almost audible in the house. They laughed and rejoiced not at all because there was a reason for their laughter; but their hearts were joyful and cheerful, and therefore everything that happened was for them a cause of joy and laughter. Petya was happy because, having left home as a boy, he returned (as everyone told him) a fine man; it was merry because he was at home, because he had come from Belaya Tserkov, where there was no hope of falling into battle soon, to Moscow, where they would fight one of these days; and most importantly, cheerful because Natasha, whose spirit he always obeyed, was cheerful. Natasha, on the other hand, was cheerful because she had been sad for too long, and now nothing reminded her of the cause of her sadness, and she was healthy. She was also cheerful because there was a person who admired her (the admiration of others was that wheel grease that was necessary for her car to move completely freely), and Petya admired her. Most importantly, they were cheerful because the war was near Moscow, that they would fight at the outpost, that they were handing out weapons, that everyone was running away, leaving somewhere, that in general something extraordinary was happening, which is always joyful for a person, especially for young.

Berg, the son-in-law of the Rostovs, was already a colonel with Vladimir and Anna around his neck and occupied the same quiet and pleasant position of assistant chief of staff, assistant to the first department of the chief of staff of the second corps. On September 1, he came from the army to Moscow.

He had nothing to do in Moscow; but he noticed that everyone from the army asked to go to Moscow and did something there. He also considered it necessary to take time off for household and family affairs.

Berg, in his neat little droshky, on a pair of well-fed, savras little ones, exactly the same as one prince had, drove up to his father-in-law's house. He looked attentively into the yard at the carts and, entering the porch, took out a clean handkerchief and tied a knot.

From the ante-room Berg, with a floating, impatient step, ran into the drawing-room and embraced the count, kissed the hands of Natasha and Sonya, and hurriedly asked about mother's health.

What is health now? Well, tell me, - said the count, - what about the troops? Are they retreating or will there be more fighting?

One eternal God, father, - said Berg, - can decide the fate of the fatherland. The army is burning with the spirit of heroism, and now the leaders, so to speak, have gathered for a meeting. What will happen is unknown. But I will tell you in general, dad, such a heroic spirit, the truly ancient courage of the Russian troops, which they - it is, - he corrected, - showed or showed in this battle on the 26th, there are no words worthy to describe them ... I'll tell you I’ll tell you, papa (he hit himself in the chest in the same way as one general who spoke in front of him hit himself, although a little late, because it was necessary to hit himself in the chest at the word “Russian army”) - I’ll tell you frankly that we, the commanders, not only were not supposed to urge the soldiers or anything like that, but we could hardly hold on to these, these ... yes, courageous and ancient feats, ”he said quickly. - General Barclay de Tolly sacrificed his life everywhere in front of the troops, I'll tell you. Our body was placed on the slope of the mountain. Can you imagine! - And then Berg told everything that he remembered from the various stories he had heard during this time. Natasha, not lowering her gaze, which confused Berg, as if looking for the solution of some question on his face, looked at him.

Such heroism in general, which the Russian soldiers showed, cannot be imagined and deservedly praised! - said Berg, looking back at Natasha and as if wanting to appease her, smiling at her in response to her stubborn look ... - “Russia is not in Moscow, it is in the hearts of her sons!” So, papa? Berg said.

At that moment, the Countess came out of the sofa-room, looking tired and displeased. Berg hastily jumped up, kissed the countess's hand, inquired about her health, and, expressing his sympathy by shaking his head, stopped beside her.

Yes, mother, I will truly tell you, hard and sad times for every Russian. But why worry so much? You still have time to leave...

I don’t understand what people are doing,” said the countess, turning to her husband, “they just told me that nothing is ready yet. After all, someone has to take care of it. So you will regret Mitenka. This will not end!

The count wanted to say something, but apparently refrained. He got up from his chair and walked to the door.

Berg at this time, as if to blow his nose, took out a handkerchief and, looking at the bundle, thought, sadly and shook his head significantly.

And I have a big request for you, dad, - he said.

Hm? .. - said the count, stopping.

I'm driving past Yusupov's house now," Berg said, laughing. - The manager is familiar to me, ran out and asked if you could buy something. I came in, you know, out of curiosity, and there was only a wardrobe and a toilet. You know how much Verushka wanted this and how we argued about it. (Berg involuntarily turned into a tone of joy about his well-being when he began to talk about a chiffonier and a toilet.) And such a charm! comes forward with the English secret, you know? And Verochka has long wanted to. So I want to surprise her. I saw so many of these men in your yard. Give me one, please, I'll pay him well and...

The Count winced and sighed.

Ask the countess, but I do not order.

If it’s difficult, please don’t,” Berg said. - I would only really like for Verushka.

Oh, get out of here, all of you, to hell, to hell, to hell, to hell! .. - shouted the old count. - My head is spinning. And he left the room.

The Countess wept.

Yes, yes, mama, very hard times! Berg said.

Natasha went out with her father and, as if thinking something with difficulty, first followed him, and then ran downstairs.

On the porch stood Petya, who was engaged in arming people who were traveling from Moscow. In the yard, the laid wagons were still standing. Two of them were untied, and an officer, supported by a batman, climbed onto one of them.

Do you know what for? - Petya asked Natasha (Natasha realized that Petya understood: why father and mother quarreled). She didn't answer.

For the fact that papa wanted to give all the carts for the wounded, - said Petya. - Vasilich told me. In my opinion...

In my opinion, - Natasha suddenly almost screamed, turning her embittered face to Petya, - in my opinion, this is such disgusting, such an abomination, such ... I don’t know! Are we some kind of Germans? .. - Her throat trembled from convulsive sobs, and she, afraid of weakening and releasing a charge of her anger for nothing, turned and quickly rushed up the stairs. Berg sat beside the countess and kindly and respectfully consoled her. The count, pipe in hand, was walking around the room when Natasha, with a face disfigured by anger, burst into the room like a storm and quickly approached her mother.

This is disgusting! This is an abomination! she screamed. - It can't be what you ordered.

Berg and the countess looked at her in bewilderment and fear. The count stopped at the window, listening.

Mother, this is impossible; look what's in the yard! she screamed. - They stay!

What happened to you? Who are they? What do you want?

Wounded, that's who! It's impossible, mother; it's not like anything ... No, mama, my dear, it's not that, please forgive me, my dear ... Mama, what do we need, what we will take away, you just look at what is in the yard ... Mama !.. It can't be!..

The count stood at the window and, without turning his face, listened to Natasha's words. Suddenly he sniffled and put his face close to the window.

The countess looked at her daughter, saw her face, ashamed of her mother, saw her excitement, understood why her husband now did not look back at her, and looked around her with a bewildered look.

Ah, do as you please! Am I bothering anyone! she said, not yet suddenly, giving up.

Mother, dove, forgive me!

But the countess pushed her daughter away and went up to the count.

Mon cher, you dispose of it as it should... I don't know that," she said, lowering her eyes guiltily.

Eggs ... eggs teach a chicken ... - the count said through happy tears and hugged his wife, who was glad to hide her ashamed face on his chest.

Papa, mama! Can you arrange? Is it possible? .. - Natasha asked. “We’ll still take everything we need,” Natasha said.

The count nodded his head in the affirmative, and Natasha, with the quick run with which she ran into the burners, ran down the hall into the hall and up the stairs to the courtyard.

People gathered near Natasha and until then they could not believe the strange order that she transmitted, until the count himself, in the name of his wife, confirmed the orders to give all the carts under the wounded, and carry the chests to the pantries. Having understood the order, people with joy and trouble set to a new business. Not only did this not seem strange to the servant now, but, on the contrary, it seemed that it could not be otherwise; just as a quarter of an hour before, not only did it not seem strange to anyone that they were leaving the wounded and taking things, but it seemed that it could not be otherwise.

All the households, as if paying for the fact that they had not taken up this earlier, set about with troublesome new business of accommodating the wounded. The wounded crawled out of their rooms and surrounded the wagons with joyful pale faces. A rumor also spread in the neighboring houses that there were carts, and the wounded from other houses began to come to the Rostovs' courtyard. Many of the wounded asked not to take things off and only to put them on top. But once the business of dumping things had begun, it could no longer stop. It was all the same to leave all or half. In the yard lay uncleaned chests with dishes, with bronze, with paintings, mirrors, which they had so carefully packed the previous night, and everyone was looking for and found an opportunity to put this and that and give more and more carts.

You can still take four, - said the manager, - I give my wagon, otherwise where are they?

Yes, give me my wardrobe, - said the countess. - Dunyasha will sit in the carriage with me.

They also gave a dressing wagon and sent it for the wounded through two houses. All the household and servants were merrily animated. Natasha was in an enthusiastically happy animation, which she had not experienced for a long time.

Where to tie it? - people said, fitting the chest to the narrow back of the carriage, - you must leave at least one cart.

What is he with? Natasha asked.

With graph books.

Leave. Vasilyich will remove it. It is not necessary.

The cart was full of people; doubted where Pyotr Ilyich would sit.

He's on the goats. After all, you are on the goats, Petya? Natasha screamed.

Sonya busied herself without ceasing, too; but the aim of her troubles was the opposite of Natasha's. She put away those things that should have been left; wrote them down, at the request of the countess, and tried to take with her as much as possible.

With God blessing! said Yefim, putting on his hat. - Pull it out! - Postilion touched. The right drawbar fell into the yoke, the high springs crunched, and the body swayed. The footman jumped on the goats on the move. The carriage shook as it left the yard onto the shaking pavement, the other carriages shook in the same way, and the train moved up the street. In the carriages, the carriage and the britzka, everyone was baptized at the church, which was opposite. The people who remained in Moscow walked on both sides of the carriages, seeing them off.

Natasha rarely experienced such a joyful feeling as the one she now felt, sitting in the carriage next to the countess and looking at the walls of abandoned, alarmed Moscow slowly moving past her. From time to time she leaned out of the carriage window and looked back and forth at the long train of wounded that preceded them. Almost ahead of everyone she could see the closed top of Prince Andrei's carriage. She did not know who was in it, and every time, thinking about the area of ​​\u200b\u200bher convoy, she looked for this carriage with her eyes. She knew that she was ahead of everyone.

In Kudrin, from Nikitskaya, from Presnya, from Podnovinsky, several trains of the same type as the Rostov train had arrived, and carriages and carts were already traveling along Sadovaya in two rows.

Driving around the Sukharev Tower, Natasha, curiously and quickly examining the people riding and walking, suddenly cried out with joy and surprise:

Fathers! Mom, Sonya, look, it's him!

Who? Who?

Look, by God, Bezukhov! - said Natasha, leaning out the window of the carriage and looking at a tall, fat man in a coachman's caftan, obviously a well-dressed gentleman in gait and posture, who, next to a yellow, beardless old man in a frieze overcoat, approached under the arch of the Sukharev Tower.

By God, Bezukhov, in a caftan, with some old boy! By God, - said Natasha, - look, look!

No, it's not him. Is it possible, such nonsense.

Mom, - Natasha shouted, - I'll give you a head to cut off, that it's him! I assure you. Stop, stop! she shouted to the coachman; but the coachman could not stop, because more carts and carriages drove out of Meshchanskaya, and they shouted at the Rostovs to move off and not detain others.

Indeed, although much further away than before, all the Rostovs saw Pierre or a man unusually resembling Pierre, in a coachman's caftan, walking down the street with his head bowed and a serious face, next to a little beardless old man who looked like a footman. This old man noticed a face sticking out at him from the carriage and, respectfully touching Pierre's elbow, said something to him, pointing to the carriage. For a long time Pierre could not understand what he was saying; so he seemed to be immersed in his own thoughts. Finally, when he understood him, he looked at the instructions and, recognizing Natasha, at that very moment, surrendering to the first impression, quickly went to the carriage. But after walking ten paces, he, apparently remembering something, stopped.

Natasha's face, leaning out of the carriage, shone with a mocking caress.

Pyotr Kirilych, come on! After all, we found out! It is amazing! she cried, holding out her hand to him. - How are you? Why are you like this?

Pierre took the outstretched hand and on the move (as the carriage continued to move) awkwardly kissed her.

What's the matter with you, Count? asked the Countess in a surprised and condoling voice.

What? What? For what? Don’t ask me, ”said Pierre and looked back at Natasha, whose radiant, joyful look (he felt it without looking at her) showered him with its charm.

What are you, or are you staying in Moscow? Pierre was silent.

In Moscow? he said inquiringly. - Yes, in Moscow. Farewell.

Oh, if I wished to be a man, I would certainly have stayed with you. Ah, how good it is! - said Natasha. - Mom, let me stay.

Pierre looked absently at Natasha and wanted to say something, but the countess interrupted him:

You were at the battle, did we hear?

Yes, I was, - answered Pierre. “Tomorrow there will be another battle ...” he began, but Natasha interrupted him:

But what about you, Count? You don't look like yourself...

Ah, don't ask, don't ask me, I don't know anything myself. Tomorrow... No! Farewell, farewell, he said, terrible time! - And, lagging behind the carriage, he moved to the sidewalk.

Natasha still leaned out of the window for a long time, beaming at him with an affectionate and slightly mocking, joyful smile.

Veteran of the Great Patriotic War Anna Nikolaevna Lebedeva recently celebrated her 95th birthday. The day before, she told the Perspektiva correspondent how she helped the wounded soldiers, how she met Victory in Budapest and carried love through the whole war ...

Back to the origins

Her gray hair had long since gone silver, and her face was lined with wrinkles. And memory is timeless. The interlocutor remembers everything in the smallest detail, does not get confused in dates, names. Quotes Simonov, recalls " Hot Snow» Yuri Bondarev, retells his favorite war films ...

For most of her life, Anna Lebedeva lives in the city above the Neman. For many years, she has taken a liking to Grodno with all her heart, but even today she remembers her life with genuine warmth. small homeland. There, in the Danilovka settlement, in the Stalingrad region (now the working settlement of Danilovka, Volgograd region), it often happens that he returns in his thoughts. She spent her childhood and youth there. parental home it was always warm and cozy, the delicious smell of bread and milk. There Anna graduated from high school and joined the Komsomol. WITH young years dreamed of becoming a historian, therefore, having received a certificate, she became a student of the history department of the Stalingrad Pedagogical Institute. But I didn’t study even two courses, when big changes broke out. In 1940, education at the institute became paid, students were left without scholarships, and non-residents also without a hostel. Anna had to go home. She transferred to the correspondence course and got a job in her native school. She was entrusted with leading ancient history in two 5th grades, besides, the young teacher combined lessons with work in the school library.

trial by fire

The war found Anna Lebedeva an eighteen-year-old girl.

- As soon as they announced on the radio that the war had begun, they heard “Get up, huge country, get up, to a mortal battle! ..”, everyone realized it, - the interlocutor recalls, shaking her head.

Later, she, along with other girls, was sent to a six-month course to train surgical nurses. And already in April 1942, they were called to the military registration and enlistment office, and soon sent to the front. We stopped nearby, in the Stalingrad suburb of Bekhetovka. A two-week quarantine, taking an oath ... So Anna Lebedeva became liable for military service, ended up in the anti-aircraft artillery regiment 1080, or rather, in the regimental medical unit. It was based on several floors of the local school number 21. Doctors, sisters of mercy and orderlies guarded the city, helped the needy, saved the wounded. In the summer, German planes began to reach the territory of Stalingrad, and in August the raids became massive. Anna Nikolaevna especially remembered August 22 and 23, 1942, when the planes took off in groups of 10-15 times a day.

“These days, the wounded were constantly brought to us, the medical unit turned into an emergency room,” the woman recalls. - It was terrible to watch: someone's arm was torn off, someone was left without part of his leg ... God forbid.

She, a young girl, of course, was scared. But the chief physician Nikolai Prokofievich Kovansky quickly brought the youth to their senses, they say, you are Komsomol members, you took the oath, then forget about “Oh!” and about “Ai!”.

These two days in August were truly a baptism of fire for medical officer Anna Lebedeva.

jubilant May

In October, the medical unit in which Anna Lebedeva served was relocated to dugouts, because it was not safe to stay in the school building: shells were constantly exploding, doctors and orderlies walked along the corridors in helmets. The dugouts, according to Anna Nikolaevna's stories, were soundly equipped, and were connected to each other by special passages. Once, on the eve of February 23, the head physician suggested that the workers make a kind of forced march to Stalingrad: medical instruments, dressings, syringes and much more were running out.

The picture that they saw in Stalingrad was shocking: not a single remaining building, destroyed houses, burnt walls ... Anna, together with colleagues from the medical unit, went into the buildings marked with a red cross, in search of the necessary supplies for work. And somewhere nearby explosions were heard - it would shoot there, that one would rumble there ...

In Bekhetovka, the regimental medical unit of the anti-aircraft artillery regiment 1080 stood until the end of 1943, then doctors, including Anna Lebedeva, were sent to Rostov-on-Don. In November of the 44th, an order was received to head to Hungary. We traveled by train, the road was long. We didn’t get to Budapest right away, we first stopped in a small town nearby. In 1945, after soviet soldiers liberated the city, the medical unit was located on the island of Csepel, where it was located until the victory.

When Anna Lebedeva recalls the victorious May of 1945, her mood immediately rises, her eyes light up with joy. The soul rejoiced, like spring in Budapest, which came there earlier than usual: everything was in bloom, fragrant. It seemed that even nature rejoiced at the Great Victory.

The way home was long, by train almost whole month. Anna brought home awards, including the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree, medals "For the Defense of Stalingrad" and "For Military Merit".

Love through the years

In September, Anna came to get a job at her native school in Danilovka, but she was offered a position in the district committee of the Komsomol. She did not work there for long, because fate finally gave her a long-awaited meeting.

They met their future husband Ivan Lebedev before the war. By the way, he was also from the local, Danilov. We first met at a club where Anna and her students took part in a concert dedicated to March 8th. Ivan then just served, returned home. Warm feelings literally from the first meeting connected their hearts. But then the war broke out, Ivan was called to the front on the very first day. They did not lose touch, wrote warm letters to each other.

The lovers met in February 1946, when Ivan Lebedev came home on vacation. He immediately insisted that the wedding should not be postponed - he was afraid to lose his beloved again.

The Lebedevs registered their union a month later and almost immediately left for Romania. Ivan served there, and his wife, of course, went after him. Then they were transferred to Moscow, and in 1956 the family settled in Grodno. For ten years, Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Danilovich Lebedev was the military commissar of the Grodno region, and Anna Nikolaevna guarded the family hearth and raised children.

When they grew up, she got a job as a librarian in school No. 10. She liked the work, she was familiar with librarianship, and she loved literature very much. She tried to instill a love of reading in schoolchildren, and relied on the patriotic education of young people. It turned out, for which Anna Nikolaevna was repeatedly awarded with diplomas.

Doesn't give up

The family union of Anna and Ivan Lebedev was strong and happy, they lived together for 68 years.

- Ivan Danilovich was a very serious person, I am also stubborn to some extent, - the interlocutor recalls. - But I thought so: he is older, which means that life knows better. And he also listened to me, yielded to each other. Once I was asked if it was hard to be the wife of a Hero, and I answered no. It's much harder to be a hunter's wife.

It turns out that Ivan Danilovich had such a passion, and she worried about him every time. Four years ago, her husband passed away, but he was always a real man for her, a man with a capital letter, her Hero. It remains so in her heart to this day. Photos of him are neatly hung next to her sofa.
- The trouble is that there is no outline by which you live your life. Everything on the way meets, - the war veteran notes.

In recent years, due to illness, Anna Nikolaevna has been bedridden. Vision also fails, and hearing is not the same. For the 95th anniversary, the chairman of the Grodno city branch of the NGO "Union of Poles in Belarus" Kazimir Znaidinsky presented the birthday girl with a modern hearing aid. Even earlier - a special stroller. The students and staff of the Kupalovsky University, as well as the activist of the women's movement Tereza Belousova, do not let you get bored. Every day, a social worker comes to Anna Lebedeva, who will cook, wash, do the housework, and most importantly, talk heart to heart. So life is more fun.

Photo by Nikolai Lapin

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Treatment of the wounded begins on the battlefield. As already mentioned above, first medical aid is provided by the company's health instructor, as well as in the order of self-help and mutual assistance.

The timing of first aid often decides the fate of the wounded. This primarily applies to those who have bleeding from the wound. That is why the training of military personnel in the provision of self-help and mutual assistance is the most important task of the medical service.

A sanitary instructor during a battle must, disguised, approach the wounded, cover him from enemy fire and immediately provide first aid to the wounded. The medical equipment of the sanitary instructor, completed in special bags, makes it possible to provide such assistance. For self-help and mutual assistance, all soldiers and officers are provided with individual dressing bags and first aid kits.

On the battlefield, it is possible to carry out the following medical measures:
1) temporary stop of external bleeding
2) dressing the wound and the burn surface,
3) immobilization of the damaged area
4) injection of an analgesic solution using a syringe tube,
5) oral administration of a tablet preparation of antibiotics,
6) fight against asphyxia.

The first step is to stop the bleeding. In case of severe external bleeding from the wounds of the limbs, press the blood vessel above the wound with your finger, then apply a tourniquet. Pressing a vessel with a finger is such a method of temporarily stopping bleeding, which can be carried out most quickly in self-help and mutual assistance. For a sanitary instructor, the possibility of using this method on the battlefield is very rarely created. It is necessary that all military personnel know how to use this method of stopping bleeding.

Stopping small external bleeding from wounds of the extremities and bleeding from wounds in other areas of the body is possible by applying a pressure bandage. Temporary stopping of bleeding by forced flexion of the limb does not always lead to the goal and is impossible with bone fractures.

It should be borne in mind that when assisting the wounded under enemy fire at night, even well-trained medical instructors will not be able to determine the nature of bleeding by the type of damaged vessel (arterial, venous, capillary). The need to apply a tourniquet to the wounded on the battlefield is determined by the intensity of bleeding.
At the same time, attention is drawn to the degree of wetting of clothing with blood (at night to the touch), the rate of bleeding from the wound and the degree of bleeding of the wounded. The experience of the Great Patriotic War showed that when using such signs of bleeding, hemostatic tourniquets were applied almost exclusively for arterial and arterio-venous bleeding, and only in a small number for venous bleeding.

Errors in the application of a tourniquet can be of two kinds: its addition in the absence of sufficient evidence and the rejection of the tourniquet if there is an unconditional need. The first mistake leads to unjustified ischemia of the limb, creates conditions for the development of a wound infection. Refusal to apply a tourniquet with ongoing arterial or arterio-venous bleeding is dangerous for the life of the wounded.

Clarification of indications for the application of a tourniquet and the need for its further stay on the limb is carried out at the death and regimental medical stations.

The applied tourniquet should be clearly visible, it should not be bandaged or covered with clothing. Be sure to note the time of application of the tourniquet in a note and put it under the tourniquet. The wounded, who have been put on a tourniquet, are the first to be removed from the battlefield.

The imposition of an aseptic bandage prevents secondary microbial contamination of the wound. Depending on the size of the wound, it is closed either with an individual dressing bag or with sterile dressings available in the bags of the sanitary instructors of the company. Before applying a bandage, the injury site is exposed. To do this, clothes in the wound area have to live with cotton-gauze pads of the dressing, without violating their sterility, and close the wound with it.

The protective bandage is also a hemostatic agent for venous and capillary bleeding. It can be pressing, but you can not turn it into a tourniquet.

In case of chest injuries with open pneumothorax, it is necessary to apply a hermetic aseptic bandage.
To cover extensive burns, it is very convenient to use contour dressings that are designed to be applied to a specific area of ​​the body (face, back, hand, etc.). They are prepared from sterile gauze in advance, during the inter-battle period. Contour dressings allow you to close an extensive burn in a short time and with the lowest consumption of dressings.

In order to prevent wound infection already on the battlefield, all the wounded and burned should be given antibiotics. To do this, there are tablets in the sanitary instructor's bag.

Transport immobilization should be carried out with the following injuries:
1) bone fractures,
2) joint injuries,
3) extensive damage to the soft tissues of the limbs,
4) injuries of the main blood vessels and nerves of the extremities,
5) thermal damage to the limbs.

Immobilization creates a resting position for the damaged area, prevents secondary tissue damage by bone fragments, prevents the spread of wound infection and prevents secondary bleeding.

In a combat situation, the possibilities for transport immobilization are rather limited. Of the standard means of immobilization in the bags of sanitary instructors, there are only scarves. It is recommended to use the so-called improvised means: sticks, boards, plywood, fighter's weapons, etc. In cases where improvised means of immobilization are not at hand, it is not possible to look for them on the battlefield. However, this does not mean that immobilization of damaged areas should be abandoned.

Creation of rest for the upper limbs is possible by applying a scarf or bandaging the hand to the body (Fig. 1). Immobilization of the lower limb will be achieved if the injured leg is bandaged to the healthy limb (Fig. 2). Immobilization of the pelvis and spine bones is performed on a stretcher, on which a solid bedding of boards or ladder tires is laid.

In case of damage to the pelvic bones, the lower limbs of the wounded person must be bent at the joints, tie the knees with a bandage or scarf, and put a rolled overcoat under them. In case of damage to the head during the transportation of the wounded, it is not so much the immobilization of the head that is required, but depreciation to prevent gross concussions of the brain. The wounded in the head should be evacuated by placing an overcoat or any soft lining on his head.

Rice. 1. Immobilization of the upper limb (bandaging to the body)

Rice. 2. Immobilization of the lower limb without spikes.

In order to combat shock, all seriously wounded on the battlefield, the medical instructor can inject analgesics subcutaneously.

On the battlefield, the medical instructor concentrates the seriously wounded in the nearest places of shelter (“nests of the wounded”) and marks their location well conspicuous signs in order to facilitate the subsequent search for orderlies from the unit for the collection and evacuation of the wounded. In this work, the sanitary instructor is assisted by the lightly wounded.

• Acts performed out of mercy, at first glance, may seem ridiculous and meaningless.
• A person can show mercy even in the most difficult situations for him
• Actions related to helping orphans can be called merciful
• The manifestation of mercy often requires sacrifices from a person, but these sacrifices are always justified by something.
• People who show mercy are worthy of respect

Arguments

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Natasha Rostova shows mercy - one of the most important human qualities. When everyone begins to leave Moscow, captured by the French, the girl orders to give carts to the wounded, and not to carry her own things to them. Helping people is much more important for Natasha Rostova material well-being. And it does not matter at all that among the things that should have been taken away, the dowry is part of her future.

M. Sholokhov "The fate of man." Andrei Sokolov, despite the difficult life trials, has not lost the ability to show mercy. He lost his family and home, but he could not help but pay attention to the fate of Vanyushka - little boy whose parents died. Andrei Sokolov told the boy that he was his father and took him to him. The capacity for mercy made the child happy. Yes, Andrei Sokolov did not forget his family and the horrors of the war, but he did not leave Vanya in trouble. This means that his heart is not hardened.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". The fate of Rodion Raskolnikov is difficult. He lives in a miserable, dark room, malnourished. After the murder of the old pawnbroker, his whole life resembles suffering. Raskolnikov is still poor: he hides what he took from the apartment under a stone, and does not take it for himself. However latest hero gives Marmeladov's widow to the funeral, cannot get past the misfortune that has happened, although he himself has nothing to exist. Rodion Raskolnikov turns out to be capable of mercy, despite the murder and the terrible theory he created.

M.A. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita". Margarita is ready to do anything to see her Master. She makes a deal with the devil, agrees to be the queen at Satan's terrible ball. But when Woland asks what she wants, Margarita asks only that Frida stop serving the handkerchief with which she gagged own child and buried it in the ground. Margarita wants to save a completely alien person from suffering, and this is where mercy is manifested. She no longer asks for a meeting with the Master, because she cannot but take care of Frida, pass by someone else's grief.

N.D. Teleshov "Home". Little Semka, the son of migrants who died of typhus, most of all wants to return to his native village of Beloye. The boy escapes from the barracks and hits the road. On the way he meets an unfamiliar grandfather, they go together. Grandpa also goes to his native land. On the way, Semka falls ill. Grandfather takes him to the city, to the hospital, although he knows that he cannot go there: it turns out that he has escaped from hard labor for the third time. There, grandfather is caught, and then sent back to hard labor. Despite the danger to himself, grandfather shows mercy towards Semka - he cannot leave a sick child in trouble. Own happiness becomes less significant for a person than the life of a child.

N.D. Teleshov "Yelka Mitrich". On Christmas Eve, Semyon Dmitrievich realized that everyone would have a holiday, except for eight orphans living in one of the barracks. Mitrich at all costs decided to please the guys. Although it was hard for him, he brought a Christmas tree, bought a fifty-kopeck piece of candy, issued by a resettlement official. Semyon Dmitrievich cut each of the children a piece of sausage, although sausage was his favorite delicacy. Sympathy, compassion, mercy pushed Mitrich to this act. And the result turned out to be really beautiful: joy, laughter, enthusiastic cries filled the previously gloomy room. The children were happy from the holiday arranged by him, and Mitrich from the fact that he had done this good deed.

I. Bunin "bast shoes". Nefed could not help fulfilling the wish of a sick child who kept asking for some red bast shoes. Despite the bad weather, he went on foot for bast shoes and fuchsin to Novoselki, located six miles from home. For Nefed, the desire to help the child was more important than ensuring his own safety. He turned out to be capable of self-sacrifice - in a sense the highest degree mercy. Nefed is dead. The men brought him home. In the bosom of Nefed they found a vial of fuchsin and new bast shoes.

V. Rasputin "French Lessons". For Lidia Mikhailovna, teacher French, the desire to help his student turned out to be more important than saving own reputation. The woman knew that the child was malnourished, which is why she gambled. So she invited the boy to play for money with her. This is unacceptable for a teacher. When the director found out about everything, Lidia Mikhailovna was forced to leave for her homeland, for the Kuban. But we understand that her act is not bad at all - it is a manifestation of mercy. The seemingly unacceptable behavior of the teacher actually brought kindness and care for the child.