What did the prosecutor in the dead souls. Composition: Officialdom in the poem H

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• Courteous
• Careless
• Courteous
• Primitive
• idle talk
• sugary
• Characteristic ingratiating manners
• feigned profundity
• "Nice meeting".

The landowner Manilov is a fruitless dreamer and dreamer.

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The landowner Nastasya Petrovna Korobochka is a collegiate secretary who is ready to sell you

even your soul at a bargain price.

box

• wary
• rude
• stingy
• stupid
• incredulous
• Zhadna
• prudent

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The landowner Nozdryov - a reveler, a gambler and a chatterbox - will lose everything to you with great pleasure.

fortune in cards, then he will drink and eat at your expense in any tavern.

• Kutila, talker
• Playboy
• quarrelsome
• Chatterbox, liar
• Empty

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Landowner Sobakevich Mikhailo Semyonovich - a hater of education, a strong master, uncompromising

in the auction - he will be glad to "sling mud" at all his acquaintances at a hearty dinner in his house.

Sobakevich

• Glutton
• Tenacious
• Ruthless
• Neotesan

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The landowner Stepan Plyushkin is a cruel feudal lord, stingy, suspicious, distrustful of everyone

- does not want to see you in his estate and is not going to treat even last year's Easter cake.

• petty suspicious
• Spiritually and physically degenerate
• Lost human face
• Slave of things
• Storage device
• Extremely stingy
• sunken man

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Chichikov's arrival in the city of N

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• Manilov
• box
• Nozdrev
• Sobakevich
• Plushkin
• Governor
• prosecutor
• Chief of Police
• The system of images of the poem
• Postmaster
• Landowners, villagers
• Officials, city dwellers

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Officials of the provincial city

• What are the main occupations of officials?
• Why does Sobakevich call officials "idle people"?
• What comparison does the author use for a collective portrait of officials?

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At the governor's ball

At the ball at the governor's, young and old officials are shown rushing about in heaps on the parquet floor, as "flies scurry about on white shining refined sugar during the hot July summer."

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Chapter 7

• What strikes the reader when the author describes the office?
• How is Chichikov met in the office?

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Image of Themis - the goddess of justice

“Themis just what it is, in a negligee and a dressing gown received guests.”

Why N.V. Gogol uses a caricature of Themis?

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Ivan Antonovich "jug snout" - a subtle official

The ability of an official to turn into an eagle, then into a fly is striking. At his desk, Ivan Antonovich is an eagle, and in the boss's office, a fly.

This is a bribe-taker, a bureaucrat, a clever solicitor of all sorts of illegal cases. Even Chichikov gave him a bribe, although he was a friend of his boss.

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Ivan Antonovich "jug snout" - a typical hero

All officials, starting with a petty official provincial city, and ending with a nobleman, reveal the same pattern: scammers, soulless people stand guard over the rule of law.

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“How the purchase was injected ...”

“... they started from all sides with forks to the table and began to discover, as they say, each

their character and inclinations, leaning on some caviar, some salmon, some cheese.

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Governor

• What is the characteristic of Governor Manilov? Sobakevich?
• What does the author say about the preferences of the Governor? What method is used for this?
• How do officials treat the Governor?

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Conclusion:

The governor - a "secular" person, amiable and charming - was not fat and not thin, had Anna around his neck, and it was even said that he was introduced to the star, however, he was a great good-natured man and even "he sometimes embroidered on tulle."

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Police Chief Alexei Ivanovich

• What characteristic does N.V. Gogol to the Chief of Police in Chapter 7?
• How do the townspeople feel about him? What trait of the police chief contributes to this?
• Why is the phrase “comprehended his position perfectly” in relation to the chief of police?

Artist P. Boklevsky

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Conclusion about the image of the police chief

The chief of police, "the father and benefactor of the city", must strictly and steadily monitor how the laws are implemented, bring to justice those who violate them, but, visiting the Gostiny Dvor, he feels here as in his own pantry. “Even though he will take you,” the merchants say, “but he certainly won’t give you away.” In other words, a bribe will hide a crime. By this he acquired love and "perfect nationality."

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Postmaster

• What story will the postmaster tell the provincial society?
• How does this characterize him?

The postmaster is just as much of a smoker as everyone else. He is negligent in his duties: he may leave work earlier, participates in illegal shipments.

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The postmaster is a wit and a "philosopher", who unsuccessfully suggested that Chichikov is Captain Kopeikin:

“This, gentlemen, my sir, is none other than Captain Kopeikin!”

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prosecutor

• What detail is used by the author in the portrait of the prosecutor?
• What does Sobakevich call the prosecutor?
• How did the prosecutor relate to the performance of his duties?
• What strikes the reader in the death of the prosecutor's funeral?

Death of a prosecutor

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Conclusion:

• The prosecutor did nothing but thoughtlessly sign the papers, as he left all decisions to the solicitor, "the first grabber in the world."
• Obviously, the rumors about the sale of "dead souls" became the cause of his death, since it was he who was responsible for all the illegal deeds that took place in the city.
• Gogol's bitter irony is heard in reflections on the meaning of the prosecutor's life: "...why he died, or why he lived, only God knows."
• Even Chichikov, looking at the prosecutor's funeral, involuntarily comes to the conclusion that the only thing the dead man can remember is thick black eyebrows.

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Conclusions:

Provincial Olympus

The rulers of the city are unanimous only in their desire to live widely at the expense of "the sums of their dearly beloved fatherland." Officials rob both the state and petitioners. Embezzlement, bribery, robbery of the population are everyday and quite natural phenomena. No request is considered without a bribe.

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Chichikov is going to the ball

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Ch. 8 Provincial Society

• How will Chichikov show himself at the ball?
• How do the governor's guests feel about him? Why? How does it characterize provincial society?

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The appearance of Nozdryov at the ball

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• How does Chichikov react to the appearance of Nozdryov?
• Will the officials believe Nozdryov, who told about the purchase of dead souls by Chichikov? Why?

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Ch. 8 Ladies of the City N

• What is the world of interests of the ladies of the provincial society?
• What is special about N.V. Gogol in the speech of the ladies?

One said that Chichikov was a doer of state banknotes, and then he himself added: "or maybe not a doer"; another claimed that he was an official of the Governor-General

office, and immediately added: but, the devil knows, you can’t read it on your forehead.

Officials.

The nullity of their bureaucratic rule.

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Chichikov's face, if he turns and becomes sideways, is very handy for a portrait of Napoleon.

Isn't Chichikov Napoleon in disguise?

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• gentleman of the middle class
• nice person
• Kherson landowner
• collegiate adviser
• Napoleon
• counterfeiter
• spy
• robber
• Antichrist
• millionaire
• lover Hero
• enviable groom
• scoundrel
• acquirer
• master

Who appears before us Chichikov?

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Thus,

Bribes, theft, servility, mutual responsibility are the vices of officials. Officials are cruel and inhuman.

Satirically depicting provincial officials, the author strikes at the bureaucratic apparatus of the entire autocratic-feudal state and makes it clear that these "guardians of order and legality" are the same dead souls as the landowners.

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Resources Used

B.I. Turyanskaya, L.N. Gorohova and others. Literature in the 9th grade. Lesson after lesson. - M .: LLC "TID" Russian word", 2002

Internet

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Relevance of images

IN art space one of the most famous works Gogol, landowners and persons in power are interconnected. Lies, bribery and the desire for profit characterize each of the images of officials in Dead Souls. It is amazing with what ease and ease the author draws portraits that are disgusting in fact, and so masterfully that you never doubt the authenticity of each character for a minute. On the example of officials in the poem "Dead Souls" were shown the most actual problems Russian Empire mid 19th century. In addition to serfdom, which hindered natural progress, real problem there was an extensive bureaucracy, for the maintenance of which huge sums were allocated. The people in whose hands power was concentrated worked only for the sake of accumulating their own capital and improving their well-being, robbing both the treasury and ordinary people. Many writers of that time addressed the topic of exposing officials: Gogol, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Dostoevsky.

Officials in "Dead Souls"

In "Dead Souls" there are no separately prescribed images of civil servants, but nevertheless, life and characters are shown very accurately. Images of officials of the city of H appear from the first pages of the work. Chichikov, who decided to pay a visit to each of the mighty of the world of this, gradually introduces the reader to the governor, vice-governor, prosecutor, chairman of the chamber, police chief, postmaster and many others. Chichikov flattered everyone, as a result of which, having managed to win over everyone important person and all this is shown as a matter of course. In the bureaucratic world reigned pomp, bordering on vulgarity, inappropriate pathos and farce. So, during the usual dinner, the governor's house was lit up as if for a ball, the decoration blinded the eyes, and the ladies were dressed in their best dresses.

Officials in the county town were of two types: the first were thin and followed the ladies everywhere, trying to charm them with bad French and greasy compliments. Officials of the second type, according to the author, resembled Chichikov himself: neither fat nor thin, with round, pockmarked faces and slicked hair, they squinted around, trying to find an interesting or profitable business for themselves. At the same time, everyone tried to harm each other, to do some kind of meanness, usually this happened because of the ladies, but no one was going to shoot at such trifles. But at dinner they pretended that nothing was happening, they discussed Moscow News, dogs, Karamzin, delicious dishes and gossip about officials from other departments.

When characterizing the prosecutor, Gogol combines high and low: “he was neither fat nor thin, he had Anna around his neck, and it was even said that he was introduced to a star; however, he was a big good-natured man and even sometimes embroidered on tulle himself ... "Notice that nothing is said here about what this person received the award for - the Order of St. Anne is issued "to those who love truth, piety and fidelity", and is also awarded for military merit. But after all, no battles or special episodes where piety and fidelity would be mentioned are mentioned at all. The main thing is that the prosecutor is engaged in needlework, and not his official duties. Sobakevich speaks unflatteringly about the prosecutor: the prosecutor, they say, is an idle person, therefore he sits at home, and a lawyer, a well-known grabber, works for him. There is nothing to talk about here - what order can there be if a person who is completely ignorant of the issue is trying to solve it while an authorized person is embroidering on tulle.

A similar device is used to describe the postmaster, a serious and silent person, short but witty and a philosopher. Only in this case, various qualitative characteristics are combined in one row: "short", "but a philosopher." That is, here growth becomes an allegory for the mental abilities of this person.

The reaction to experiences and reforms is also shown very ironically: from new appointments and the number of papers, civil servants are losing weight (“And the chairman lost weight, and the inspector of the medical board lost weight, and the prosecutor lost weight, and some Semyon Ivanovich ... and he lost weight”), but there were and those who courageously kept themselves in their former form. And the meetings, according to Gogol, were successful only when it was possible to have a drink or have lunch, but, of course, it is not the officials who are to blame for this, but the mentality of the people.

Gogol in "Dead Souls" depicts officials only at dinners, playing whist or other card games. Only once does the reader see officials at their workplace, when Chichikov came to draw up a bill of sale for the peasants. In the department, Pavel Ivanovich is unambiguously hinted that things will not be done without a bribe, and there is nothing to say about a quick resolution of the issue without a certain amount. This is also confirmed by the chief of police, who "has only to blink, passing by a fish row or a cellar," and he has balyks and good wines. No request is considered without a bribe.

Officials in The Tale of Captain Kopeikin

The most cruel is the story of Captain Kopeikin. A war invalid, in search of truth and help, travels from the Russian hinterland to the capital to ask for an audience with the tsar himself. Kopeikin's hopes are shattered by a terrible reality: while cities and villages are in poverty and receive less money, the capital is chic. The meeting with the king and high-ranking officials is constantly postponed. Completely desperate, Captain Kopeikin sneaks into the reception room of a high-ranking official, demanding that his question be immediately put under consideration, otherwise he, Kopeikin, will not leave the office anywhere. The official assures the veteran that now the assistant will take the latter to the emperor himself, and for a second the reader believes in a happy outcome - he rejoices along with Kopeikin, riding in a britzka, hopes and believes in the best. However, the story ends disappointingly: after this incident, no one else met Kopeikin. This episode is really scary human life turns out to be an insignificant trifle, from the loss of which the whole system will not suffer at all.

When Chichikov's scam came to light, they were in no hurry to arrest Pavel Ivanovich, because they could not understand whether he was the kind of person who needed to be detained, or one who himself would detain everyone and make them guilty. The characteristics of officials in "Dead Souls" can be the words of the author himself that these are people who sit quietly on the sidelines, accumulate capital and arrange their lives at the expense of others. Waste, bureaucracy, bribery, nepotism and meanness - this is what characterized the people who were in power in Russia XIX century.

Artwork test

It was to the hero of the Prosecutor that Gogol singled out a small role. We see him in just a few scenes: in the governor's house with Chichikov, at a ball with Nozdryov, the death of the prosecutor. But this role of the Prosecutor shows us its enormous significance: not being able to see a swindler in Chichikov shows us the insignificance of people in power. They almost shouted to the prosecutor that Chichikov was a swindler, that he was buying dead peasants. But he thought it over. And who could stop Chichikov? Of course, none other than the prosecutor. But he kept thinking and thinking that he died from thinking. And here the very death of the prosecutor also had to somehow affect the officials. After all, he was constantly with them, playing cards, drinking wine. And suddenly he lies dead, and the officials continue to think only about themselves and their happiness.

In the image of the Gogol prosecutor, we see people who are absolutely not indifferent to the feelings and fears of the people, but who can do nothing exactly. We understand their futility and the fact that there will be no one - there will be another the same. This is how the officials in Gogol's poem thought at the time the prosecutor died. They thought who would take the place of the prosecutor, and what fate awaits them under his rule.

In our time, the people described by Gogol have long disappeared. But some similarities can still be found. That's why this poem has not yet lost its relevance and teaches us to see the harm done by people who have similar negative traits character.

The role of the prosecutor in Gogol's poem is insignificant. Acquaintance with the hero takes place in the first chapter of the poem at the governor's party. Gogol skillfully draws comical, vivid images, the prosecutor appears before the reader as a man with thick black eyebrows and a constantly winking left eye.

At the Governor's Reception main character Chichikov mentally divides the entire assembled society into thin and thick. Noticing that the thin ones are always on the premises of the thick ones, their existence is airy and unreliable. But the fat ones do not occupy indirect places, they firmly hold on to their position, year after year they increase their wealth. The prosecutor belongs to the second group.

After the reception with the governor, Chichikov visits the officials of the city of N in turn, he went to dinner with the prosecutor, which, as the author writes, cost more.

The landowner Sobakevich speaks of the prosecutor as the only decent person among the officials of the city of N, but to tell the truth, even he is a pig.
When making a deal for the purchase of dead souls, the governor asks to send for the prosecutor as a witness "... Send now to the prosecutor, he is an idle man and, right, sits at home, everything is done for him by the lawyer Zolotukha, the foremost grabber in the world ..."

In the poem, the prosecutor appears as a lazy and stupid person. Despite the fact that Chichikov's scam was started right in front of his nose, he could not see him as a fraudster and prevent the crime. Even when Nozdryov frankly hints to him about buying dead souls, he only twirls his eyebrows and dreams of getting rid of a friendly walk with Nozdryov as soon as possible. After the ladies informed the prosecutor about Chichikov's crime and his attempt to steal the governor's daughter, he stood blinking his eyes for a long time and absolutely could not understand anything.

Since the prosecutor was an emotional person (as evidenced by his constantly twitching eye), the case of “ dead souls” greatly affected him and other officials of the city of N, they all became emaciated from the experience. The death of the prosecutor came in his house from excessive thoughts about the Chichikov case. He thought and thought and died.

The prosecutor is one of the examples of a useless existence, both in life and in his position “... why he died or why he lived, only God knows about this ...”

The image of the prosecutor, along with other officials, reflects main idea Gogol to show "insignificant people", and all the vices Russian state

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The share of the prosecutor's participation in the narrative is small: Chichikov's first meeting with him in the governor's house, appearance at the ball in the company of Nozdrev, the death of the prosecutor and Chichikov's collision with the funeral procession - nevertheless, Gogol pays attention to the prosecutor for a reason.
The inability of those in power to discern a fraudster in a visitor emphasizes a very important idea - to show "insignificant people."
“I needed,” wrote Gogol, “to take away from everyone wonderful people, whom I knew, all the vulgar and nasty things that they accidentally captured, and return to their rightful owners. Do not ask why the first part should be all vulgarity and why every single person in it should be POPEL: other topics will give you an answer to this. That's all!"
So, Chichikov successfully buys dead souls, and the one who should have stopped him - the prosecutor - dies.
The prosecutor becomes one of the first listeners of Nozdryov's revelations. They almost shout into his ears that Chichikov is buying up dead souls. The atmosphere is thickening. A lady's fiction about the kidnapping of the governor's daughter is brought to the attention of the prosecutor. All this needs to be considered.
"... He began to think, think, and suddenly, as they say, he died for no reason at all. Whether he was paralyzed, or something else, only he, as he sat, slammed back from his chair. They cried out, as usual, clasping their hands: “Oh, my God!” - they sent for a doctor to draw blood, but they saw that the prosecutor was already one soulless body. never showed it."
V. Ermilov, assessing the importance of the figure of the prosecutor for the theme of Dead Souls, wrote: “The subtlest sad irony is hidden in the history of the prosecutor. significance. Indeed, after all, the prosecutor is most deeply affected by the general confusion and fear caused by the Chichikov "case. He even dies for the sole reason that he began to think ... He died from the unaccustomed to think. By his very position, he really most of all think about everything that surfaced in the minds of the shocked officials in connection with the incomprehensible case of Chichikov ... "
The death of the prosecutor gives Gogol the opportunity for another lyrical insert, reflections that in the face of death everyone is equal: , moved, played whist, signed different papers and was so often seen among the officials with his thick eyebrows and blinking eye, now he was lying on the table, his left eye no longer blinked at all, but one eyebrow was still raised with some kind of questioning expression. What the deceased asked: why he died or why he lived - only God knows about this.
But no death will make city officials think about the frailty of the world: "All their thoughts were concentrated at that time in themselves: they thought what the new governor-general would be like, how he would take up the matter and how he would accept them ..." This The first volume of the poem ends with a sad picture.

Officialdom in the poem by N. V. Gogol " Dead Souls»

Sample text essays

IN tsarist Russia In the 30-40s of the XIX century, a real disaster for the people was not only serfdom, but also an extensive bureaucratic bureaucracy. Called to stand guard over law and order, representatives of the administrative authorities thought only of their own material well-being, stealing from the treasury, extorting bribes, mocking people without rights. So the topic of exposure bureaucratic world was very relevant for Russian literature. Gogol addressed her more than once in such works as The Inspector General, The Overcoat, Notes of a Madman. She found expression in the poem "Dead Souls", where, starting from the seventh chapter, the bureaucracy is in the center of the author's attention. Despite the absence of detailed and detailed images similar to landlord heroes, the picture of bureaucratic life in Gogol's poem is striking in its breadth.

With two or three masterful strokes, the writer draws wonderful miniature portraits. This is the governor, embroidering on tulle, and the prosecutor with very black thick eyebrows, and the short postmaster, wit and philosopher, and many others. These sketchy faces are remembered for their characteristic funny details, which are filled with deep meaning. Indeed, why is the head of an entire province characterized as a kind man who sometimes embroiders on tulle? Probably because as a leader there is nothing to say about him. From this it is easy to conclude how negligently and dishonestly the governor treats his official duties, To civic duty. The same can be said about his subordinates. Gogol makes extensive use of the characterization of the hero by other characters in the poem. For example, when a witness was needed to formalize the purchase of serfs, Sobakevich tells Chichikov that the prosecutor, as an idle man, is right at home. But this is one of the most significant officials of the city, who must administer justice, monitor compliance with the law. The description of the prosecutor in the poem is enhanced by the description of his death and funeral. He did nothing but mindlessly sign papers, as he left all decisions to the solicitor, "the first grabber in the world." Obviously, the rumors about the sale of "dead souls" became the cause of his death, since it was he who was responsible for all the illegal deeds that took place in the city. Gogol's bitter irony is heard in reflections on the meaning of the prosecutor's life: "... why he died, or why he lived, only God knows." Even Chichikov, looking at the prosecutor's funeral, involuntarily comes to the conclusion that the only thing the dead man can remember is thick black eyebrows.

Close-up gives the writer a typical image of the official Ivan Antonovich Pitcher snout. Taking advantage of his position, he extorts bribes from visitors. It is ridiculous to read about how Chichikov placed a "paper" in front of Ivan Antonovich, "which he did not notice at all and immediately covered it with a book." But it is sad to realize what a hopeless situation Russian citizens found themselves in, dependent on dishonest, greedy people representing state power. This idea is emphasized by Gogol's comparison of an official civil chamber with Virgil. At first glance, it is unacceptable. But the nasty official, like the Roman poet in " Divine Comedy”, leads Chichikov through all the circles of bureaucratic hell. So, this comparison reinforces the impression of the evil with which the entire administrative system of tsarist Russia is saturated.

Gogol gives in the poem a peculiar classification of bureaucracy, dividing the representatives of this estate into lower, thin and thick. The writer gives a sarcastic description of each of these groups. The lower ones are, according to Gogol's definition, nondescript clerks and secretaries, as a rule, bitter drunkards. By “thin” the author means the middle stratum, and “thick” is the provincial nobility, which firmly holds on to its places and deftly extracts considerable income from its high position.

Gogol is inexhaustible in his choice of surprisingly accurate and well-aimed comparisons. So, he likens officials to a squadron of flies that swoop down on tidbits of refined sugar. Provincial officials are also characterized in the poem by their usual activities: playing cards, drinking parties, lunches, dinners, gossip Gogol writes that “meanness, completely disinterested, pure meanness” flourishes in the society of these civil servants. Their quarrels do not end in a duel, because "they were all civil servants." They have other methods and means by which they do harm to each other, which is harder than any duel. There are no significant differences in the way of life of officials, in their actions and views. Gogol draws this estate as thieves, bribe-takers, loafers and swindlers who are bound to each other by mutual responsibility. That is why officials feel so uncomfortable when Chichikov's scam was revealed, because each of them remembered his sins. If they try to detain Chichikov for his fraud, then he will be able to accuse them of dishonesty. A comical situation arises when people in power help a swindler in his illegal machinations and are afraid of him.

Gogol pushes the boundaries in the poem county town, introducing into it "The Tale of Captain Kopeikin". It no longer tells about local abuses, but about the arbitrariness and lawlessness that the highest St. Petersburg officials, that is, the government itself, are doing. The contrast between the unheard-of luxury of St. Petersburg and the miserable beggarly position of Kopeikin, who shed blood for the fatherland, is striking, and lost an arm and a leg. But, despite the injuries and military merits, this war hero is not even entitled to the pension that is due to him. A desperate invalid tries to find help in the capital, but his attempt is shattered by the cold indifference of a high-ranking dignitary. This disgusting image of a soulless St. Petersburg grandee completes the characterization of the world of officials. All of them, starting with a petty provincial secretary and ending with a representative of the highest administrative authority, are dishonest, mercenary, cruel people, indifferent to the fate of the country and people. It is to this conclusion that the remarkable poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls" leads the reader.