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Forever 19 years short. Grigory Baklanov - forever nineteen

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Introduction

1. The story "Forever nineteen" Grigory Baklanov

1.1 Biography of the writer

1.2 The Tale of the Lieutenants "Forever Nineteen"

Conclusion

INconducting

« Suitable for wind, for mud, for darkness.

Good for bullets. Fit for the march.

A legend is fit to wander among people ...

End of youth. But if necessary

Fit to love, die, forget,

In the shroud of gray doges decaying.

Soldier boy, do you have a bed -

A three-meter ditch, field silence.»

Louis Aragon "Waltz of the Nineteen"

War is always very scary. The forties can truly be called fatal. How many lives were destroyed by this time, how many destinies were destroyed. How many children were left orphans, how many mothers did not wait for their sons and daughters, how many women did not see their husbands anymore, who one day left to fight for their lands and never returned.

Hundreds of thousands of young boys and girls, straight from school bench went to the military registration and enlistment offices and went to defend their homeland, many died for it. Suffering, hunger, death early made adolescents adults, instilling in them courage, the ability to exploit and self-sacrifice. Graduates, or even school students, just like us guys, fought on an equal footing with adults. During the Great Patriotic War there were tens of thousands of such guys.

They collected rifles, cartridges, machine guns, grenades left over from the fighting, and then handed it all over to the partisans. Many schoolchildren, at their own risk and fear, conducted reconnaissance, rescued the wounded, helped organize the escape of our prisoners of war from concentration camps, set fire to German food warehouses, and blew up locomotives.

A lot of these guys died and went missing in the war. But ahead of them was still whole life, they, like us, had some goals, plans for the future, dreams. But the war changed the life of the younger generation.

The theme of war is the main one in the works of many writers, especially those who have gone through this test themselves. Many of them tell not just about the war, but about the generation from whom the war took years of youth.

1. The story "Forever nineteen" Grigory Baklanov

1.1 Biography of the writer

One of these writers is Grigory Yakovlevich Baklanov, who was born on September 11, 1923 in Voronezh. Real surname- Friedman.

Grigory was born into the family of an employee, Yakov Minaevich Fridman (died 1933), and a dentist, Ida Grigorievna Kantor (died 1935). In 1941, at the age of 17, he volunteered for the front. He fought first as a private on the North-Western Front, then as a platoon commander of an artillery battery on the South-Western and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts. He was wounded, shell-shocked.

Talking about your military biography in an interview on the Kultura TV channel (2008), Baklanov said: “I was an ordinary fighter ... and at one time I was the youngest in the regiment ... In October 1943, when we took Zaporozhye, I was seriously wounded, six months in hospitals, several operations, as a result, I was recognized as limited-fit, an invalid of the third group, but I returned to my regiment, to my platoon. Participated in the Iasi-Chisinau operation, these battles on the bridgehead across the Dniester, where I was shell-shocked, later became the scene of the story "Span of the Earth". Then - the hardest fighting in Hungary, in the area of Lake Balaton; to some extent, my first story, South of the Main Strike, was written about this. Participated in the capture of Budapest, Vienna, ended the warin Austria with the rank of lieutenant» . Baklanov's story "South of the main blow" is dedicated to the memory of his brother and cousin, Yuri Fridman and Yuri Zelkind, who died in the war.

In 1951, Baklanov graduated from the Literary Institute named after A.M. Gorky. The first stories about the war that Baklanov brought world fame, "South of the Main Strike" (1957) and "A Span of Land" (1959), were heavily criticized by the authorities.

Official Soviet criticism accused Baklanov of "trench truth" - of a truthful depiction of the war through the eyes of its rank-and-file participants. Subsequently military prose Gregory went out with difficulty, overcoming ideological obstacles. The most difficult was the fate of the novel "July 41" (1964), in which the writer was one of the first to raise the question of Stalin's responsibility for the defeat of the Red Army at the beginning of the war. After the first publication, this novel was not published in the USSR for twelve years.

Among the writer's other books are the novels and stories "The Dead Have No Shame" (1961), "Karpukhin" (1965), "Friends" (1975), "Forever Nineteen" (1979), "The Lesser Among Brothers" (1981), " One's Own Man (1990), And Then the Marauders Come (1995), My General (1999), a book of memoirs and short stories Life Given Twice (1999). Baklanov's books have been translated into many languages and published in 30 countries around the world.

Based on Baklanov's books and scripts, eight feature films and set a number theatrical performances. The most famous are the TV movie “It Was the Month of May”, staged by director Marlen Khutsiev based on the story “How Much Does It Take” and the performance of the Taganka Theater “Fasten your seat belts!” (Staging by Yuri Lyubimov, 1975). The film "It was the month of May" was awarded the prize international festival TV movies in Prague (1971).

In 1953 Grigory got married, and in 1955 his son was born. Later daughter.

From 1986 to 1993, Baklanov worked as the editor-in-chief of the Znamya magazine. During the years of perestroika, this journal published many previously forbidden works.

Baklanov opposed the invasion of Afghanistan and opposed Chechen war. In October 1993, Gregory signed an open letter forty-two (a public appeal of the group famous writers to fellow citizens, which also contains demands addressed to the Government Russian Federation and President B.N. Yeltsin). In 2004, he published the journalistic story "The Idol", debunking the image of Solzhenitsyn. cormorants tale war soldier

In September 2008, a year before his death, Baklanov said in an interview on the Kultura TV channel: “Of all the human affairs that I know (neither in concentration camps, nor in the ghetto I had to be), war is the most terrible and inhuman thing ...”

Grigory Baklanov died on December 23, 2009 in Moscow, and was buried on December 26, 2009 at the Troekurovsky cemetery.

Awarded:

an order Red Star,

Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree

Order of the Red Banner of Labour,

Order of the Badge of Honor

an order Friendship between nations,

Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 3rd class

medals.

Member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (1956), laureate of the State Prize of Russia (1997). Chairman of the Commission on Literary Heritage Kamila Ikramova (since 1990), co-chairman of the Znamya Foundation (since 1993). Academician of the Academy of Russian Art (since 1995), member of the Council for Culture and Art under the President of the Russian Federation (1996-2001).

1.2 The Tale of the Lieutenants "Forever Nineteen"

forties, fatal,

Lead, gunpowder…

War walks in Russia,

And we are so young!

D. Samoilov

The author was prompted to write the story “Forever Nineteen” by an incident that occurred on the set of the movie “Span of the Earth”. The film crew found a buckle with a star in one of the trenches. “Something clanged under the blade of a shovel. And they took out a buckle with a star, baked in the sand, green from oxide. It was carefully passed from hand to hand, it was determined from it: ours. And it must be an officer.

The work was written in 1979. It was awarded the USSR State Prize in 1982.

“Director Khutsiev most of all likes the name “South of the main blow”. I agree, good name. But still "Forever nineteen" - you can't imagine it better. It was inspired by a line from Pavel Antokolsky's poem "The Son", dedicated to his son who died in the war: "Eighteen years old forever." These words have become a symbol and memory of all the young participants in the Patriotic War.

The story "Forever Nineteen" Grisha wrote almost twenty years after "Span of the Earth". He is no longer such a young man. He is almost like a fatherreddens lost young lives. ANDwe feel sorry for Nasrullaev, Paravyan, an infantry company commander, who "was not enough for one battle." It is a pity for the blind Roizman, the boy Gosha, who became disabled ... Those who remained alive in this terrible war will always remember them,- writes Grigory Baklanov's wife Elga.

Gregory himself wrote: “I think that now is the time to use it to tell the truth about the war. It is an illusion that we know her. Only fiction, best books told about the war, what it was ".

The story "Forever Nineteen" tells about young lieutenants who, despite their young age, carried full responsibility for their actions, for the actions of other soldiers. And it was these young platoon commanders who went on the attack, held the defense, inspiring the rest. The young heroes of Baklanov keenly feel the value of every day they live, every moment. “All of them together and individually, each was responsible for the country, and for the war, and for everything that is in the world and will be after them. But he alone was responsible for bringing the battery to the deadline.. This “one” is the hero of the story, Volodya Tretyakov, a young officer in whom Baklanov embodied best features- sense of duty, patriotism, responsibility, mercy. The hero of the story becomes a generalized image of the whole generation. That's why the title is plural- nineteen years old.

Before the war, the boy lived like everyone else ordinary people. But shortly before the start of the events of the Great Patriotic War, his father, who was not guilty of anything, was arrested. The child had a stepfather, whom the boy did not accept and condemned his mother for betraying his father.

The stepfather leaves for the war, followed by Tretyakov himself. In the war, the boy begins to grow up and understand the value of life. Already in the hospital, he begins to scold himself for his boyish insolence and stupidity. He begins to understand that he had no right to condemn his mother for her decision and bring her pain. The author of the story shows his readers how teenagers grew up in such harsh conditions.

The author is close to his hero. “Here, in the hospital, the same thought haunted: will it ever turn out that this war could not have happened? What was in the power of people to prevent this? And millions would still be alive? .. " And it is not entirely clear who argues, the author or the hero of the story.

The main idea of the story is the image of generality and truth. The author believed that he was obliged to tell everything while he was alive. The writer managed to vividly depict the life of front-line soldiers, the psychology of that time, allowing the reader to plunge into those events at that time and, as it were, be close to the soldiers themselves.

Very often in his story the author shows the reflections of the soldiers: “Here they are, these last irreversible minutes. In the dark, breakfast was served to the infantry, and although each did not talk about it, he thought, scraping the bowler hat: maybe for the last time ... With this thought, he hid the wiped spoon behind the winding: maybe it won’t come in handy again..

With philosophical reflections, the author expresses his vision of what was happening at the front, his thoughts. “Is it really only great people who don’t disappear at all? Are they the only ones destined to remain among the living posthumously? And from ordinary people like them all that are now sitting in this forest - before them they were also sitting here on the grass - is there really nothing left of them? Lived, buried, and as if you weren't there, as if you didn't live under the sun, under this eternal blue sky, where now the plane is buzzing imperiously, climbing to an unattainable height. Does the unspoken thought and the pain - all disappear without a trace? Or will it still echo in someone's soul?

In the hospital, Tretyakov meets his first love. His feeling is tender, strong, pure. And reading the story, you begin to worry about their happiness. But war will destroy everything.

Tretyakov is offered to stay in the town where the hospital was located, but the young man is again sent to the front by a sense of duty. The day before his birthday, the young man receives a congratulatory letter from his mother and sister, and on this day the soldier was wounded. On the way to the hospital, the young man dies, covering the backs of the others and giving them the opportunity to escape. He remained forever a "nineteen-year-old" hero. “When the medical instructor, leaving the horses, looked around, there was nothing at the place where they were fired upon and he fell.. Only a cloud of explosion that had flown off the ground was rising. And line by line of dust in the sky is dazzlingwhite clouds blown by the wind» .

The reader is equally captivated by the descriptions of the battles, and the frequent appeal of the author to nature, the existence of which becomes an alternative to the nightmare of war committed by people. Nature in the works of Baklanov is one of actors, she suffers from the war, suffers: the cow, being near the front line, stops giving milk.

The heroes of Baklanov keep their countdown of time, they evaluate it by those moments of joy that they managed to experience in the pre-war past, they remember the centuries and millennia of ancient history once studied at school, and therefore perceive every day lived, every day survived at the front more and more vividly.

Tretyakov remembers all the moments of life - a casual kiss of a girl, winter light outside the window, a tree branch under the snow. War changes the very feeling of life, where there is death, the happiness of being, and beauty. The death of a hero enhances the uniqueness and tragedy of life.

Conclusion

Speaking about his story, Grigory Baklanov noted two circumstances: “In those who write about the war, this need lives - to tell everything while they are alive. And only the truth. And second: “Now, at a distance of years, there is a slightly different, more generalized view of the event”. And Gregory managed to convey the whole atmosphere of events to the smallest detail.

This is a piercing story about the fate of yesterday's schoolchildren who did not return from the war, about love, about life, about youth, about the immortality of their feat, written by a hero writer who knew front-line life from the inside. Forever the heroes of Baklanov's story, like real soldiers, will remain in our memory, and will forever remain young.

The feeling of beauty and the price of life remains after reading the story. It leaves a deep mark on the heart and gives an understanding that victory has a bitter aftertaste, evokes a feeling of gratitude for the fallen in that merciless war, and helps to think about the value of life.

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...

the main idea

This is a book about those who did not return from the war, about love, about life, about youth, about immortality. She talks about the greatness of courageous deeds, love for the Fatherland and encourages us to always remember those who died in the war.

Summary of the story Forever nineteen:

In the center of the plot is a young guy Viktor Tretyakov. He lives simple happy life loves parents. But here she comes! That terrible ruinous war. She takes away from him everything that was so dear to him ... Shortly before that, his mother married a second time, because of which the relationship between them deteriorated. Victor condemned his mother and considered this a betrayal of his father. He did not accept his father.

First, the stepfather goes to the front, and then Viktor. The author describes him as a kind, decent, brave guy who is not able to hide behind someone else's back. Lieutenant Tretyakov cherishes the soldiers, resolute, courageous and does not let his words go to the wind. Growing up, he learns the real cost of life. In his memory, the moments spent with his family in home with a peaceful sky above your head, they do not let you go crazy in difficult times, preserve humanity, give strength and confidence in victory. They, like no other, like food to the hungry, give a huge incentive to life.

Once in the hospital, he begins to rethink his life, scolding himself for disrespect and stupidity, thinks that he has no right to condemn his mother for her choice. Disliked by his stepfather, he hurt his mother, the closest and dear person. The hero writes letters to her, asking for forgiveness and wishes happiness. Right there, in the hospital, Tretyakov falls in love with the girl Sasha for the first time. She is very dear to him. He has strong feelings for her, loves her with all his heart and is ready to share both happiness and grief with her.

This book encourages you to worry about the characters and wish them only happiness. But war is indifferent to the feelings and lives of people. One can imagine that there is no war and live a quiet life in a small town near the hospital, but our hero is not a coward, he does not hide his head in the sand as soon as difficulties arise. Courage and honor do not allow him to forget that you need to take care of others. And again goes to the front.

Victor's shoulders were responsible for his mother and stepfather, Sasha and her mother. Meanwhile, not everything is in order in Sasha's family either: her mother has a German patronymic and she is very worried about this. What will happen to her? War with the Germans!
Do not count the grief that the war brought! Having separated his son from his father, stepfather, mother, beloved, the war does not give up and continues to fight for the main thing - life. Tretyakov is seriously injured and is being taken to the hospital, while on the way he remembers the people who were with him, about his loved ones, thinks how to help them. He did not make it to the hospital. The war still took its toll. Victor did not live to be twenty years old, forever remaining nineteen.

War always brings pain, suffering, separation, death. It has no positive aspects and it does not bring anything good. Grigory Baklanov was able to accurately convey those emotions, personifying the life values of the military generation - this is a sense of duty to the Motherland, responsibility, heroism and love.

A picture or drawing of Cormorants Forever nineteen

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The text of the writer Grigory Baklanov was chosen for the composition. As always, which, in my opinion, is unlawful, the title of the work from which the examination text is taken is not indicated. But in the age of the Internet, the problem is solved quickly. This work is "Forever - nineteen." I re-read it.
Three days later text examination work I have read on the Internet. No, no, this is not stolen information, which is not supposed to be known before the exam. They just posted all the excerpts from Baklanov's works that were used in the exams on the Internet. I don't know how copyright works. But when I asked one writer if he gave permission for the use of his work for utilitarian purposes, it turned out that he only learned about all this from me. In this selection, I also came across Baklanov's article on literature, which my students have been writing about for a long time. But I remembered it, because one of the students did not agree with what the writer wrote about Leo Tolstoy with admiration: “Tolstoy goes to famine with his daughter, walks around the huts, where there is typhus. Well, okay himself, but the daughter! Conscience does not allow otherwise. "What a conscience when we are talking about my daughter's life! - one of my students was indignant. But since we talked about all this at the lesson, it means that it was not an exam, but another monitoring, as they were then called, simply a rehearsal of the exam, of which there were up to four during the school year.
In the book, Baklanov's story occupies 170 pages. At the exam, the students had two pages, that is, 1.7% of the story. The question arises: is it possible to judge a book if you know only the smallest part of it? I think that, perhaps, only if the selected episode is at the epicenter of the story and makes it possible to judge the hero of the book. In any case, what the student must write about at the exam must appear before him as a kind of complete whole.
Now let's turn to Baklanov's text as it was proposed at the exam.
Before that, I cannot but say that its beginning is completely incomprehensible. You can check for yourself:
“All in a couple, the train moved to the platform. Ordinary car roofs, ice dripping from the roofs, blind white windows. And, as if he brought the wind with him, it swept from the roofs of the station. In a whirlwind of snow, people rushed about in pairs from door to door, ran along the train.
Every time they run like this with things, with kids, but everywhere everything is closed, they are not allowed into any carriage.
The orderly, who was standing nearby, was also watching. Carefully spat out the nails into a handful.
Did you understand anything? And everything is very simple. The wounded opened the windows in their hospital ward, which was very dangerous for their health. The orderly came to board up the windows. Standing next to him main character story by Vladimir Tretyakov. Everything else they see through the window.
Now about the most important thing. The lieutenant, nineteen-year-old Vladimir Tretyakov, painfully thinks about the same thing. I will write only the most important.
“What is the need, not for someone, but for life itself, that people, in battalions, regiments, companies loaded into echelons, hurried, rushed, enduring hunger and many hardships on the road, went on a fast march on foot, and then these same people they lay all over the field, cut by machine guns, scattered by explosions, and it is even impossible to remove them or bury them? .. And what is the need of life for so many crippled people to suffer in hospitals? ..
A soldier is fighting at the front, and there is no strength left for anything else. You roll up a cigarette and do not know if you are destined to finish smoking; you were so well disposed in your soul, and he flew in - and smoked ... But here, in the hospital, the same thought haunted: will it really turn out someday that this war could not have happened? What was in the power of people to prevent this? And millions would have remained alive... To move history along its path requires the efforts of all, and much must come together. But in order to roll the wheel of history off its track, maybe not so much is needed, maybe it’s enough to put a pebble in?
Understand a school graduate who has just read all this and who has to write about all this, answering a question that even a legion of political scientists, philosophers, and politicians can hardly answer clearly and unambiguously. If a nineteen-year-old lieutenant who has already seen and experienced a lot at the front is in disarray, then what should our student feel, who did not even suspect such matters ... I know about one graduate who was finished off by this very pebble in front of the wheel of history.
But it's not only that. In 1979, when Baklanov was working on the story, he wrote: “I think now is the time to use it to tell the truth about the war. It's an illusion that they know her. Only fiction, the best books about the war, will tell how it was."
The text that our students read in the exam tells about the most important part of this truth about the war. Here it is said about her tragedy, about torment, suffering, death of people.
But Baklanov's story is not only about this. Tretyakov asks himself insoluble questions, but he answers himself main question: “When it (the wheel of history. - L.A.) has already gone with a crunch over people, over bones, there is no choice left, there is only one thing: to stop, not to let it continue to roll through people's lives. But could it really not be? ... Now the war is going on, the war with the Nazis, and we need to fight. It's the only thing you can't pass on to anyone else. And all the same, you can’t forbid yourself to think, although it’s useless. ” But this paragraph was not included in the examination text.
Meanwhile, Baklanov's story about how he fought, stopped this deadly train, and how nineteen-year-old lieutenant Vladimir Tretyakov died forever.
I will limit myself to just one quote. “All of them together and separately each were responsible for the country and for the war. And for everything that is in the world and after them will be. But he alone is responsible for bringing the battery to the deadline. And without this truth, there is also no truth about the war. But nothing is said about her in the exam task.
But that is not all. Our student still needs to formulate one of the problems posed by the author in this text. But there are two questions here.
I open " encyclopedic Dictionary young literary critic”, written by respected professionals. Reading: Understanding literary work becomes clearer if its content appears as a series of acute life contradictions (problems) facing the artist and his characters and urgently demanding their resolution in the plot action.
Problem, problematic is a category associated with artwork as a whole. And it is hardly possible to talk about the problem of the work on the material, albeit very important, but still a small part of the whole work. But this is not the main thing.
So, you need to name the problem posed by the author. But who said that the writer Baklanov raised this problem? Next, the student will have to answer the following question: "Write if you agree with the point of view of the author of the text." But who said that the point of view of the author is expressed in what is presented on the exam? Do not confuse the author and his hero.
But my god, what a bore
With the sick to sit day and night,
Not leaving a single step away!
What low deceit
Amuse the half-dead
Fix his pillows
It's sad to bring medicines,
Sigh and think to yourself:
"When will the devil take you!"
But after all, “the young rake thought so,” and not Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. His hero is close to the writer Baklanov, he is dear to him, in many ways the youth of the writer is embodied in him. But still, the whole episode given at the exam is the turmoil of a nineteen-year-old hero, and not a fifty-year-old writer Baklanov. Whether the nineteen-year-old Baklanov thought so at the front or in the hospital, whether he himself thought about all this when he wrote the story, I do not know. The poor students should know this and write about it. By chance, I came across on the Internet the correspondence of eleventh graders. No, no, not during the exam. There are times everywhere. It was evening. Only one question was discussed - whether they correctly formulated this very problem.
The problem of understanding war. The impact of war on human life. Man at war. And - more than once repeated - the senselessness of war. Yes, yes, the very one that we call both the Great and the Patriotic.
Only once an exact hit on the formula: "Can people prevent a war." But this, of course, is not the problem posed by the author. It's not the student's fault at all. He was given a set of master keys, and he cannot use anything else.
By the way, we do not need to repeat all the time: "the equality of all children subject to the uniform requirements of the exam." What equality, what common demands! In the same classes, some wrote according to the text of Yuri Bondarev about the role of childhood in human life (the text is also available on the Internet), while others decided the fate of peace, war and humanity. So we come to the most important thing.
Let us return to Baklanov's text for the last time. “Is it really only great people who don’t disappear at all? Are they the only ones destined to remain among the living posthumously? And from ordinary people, from people like them all that are now sitting in this forest - before them they also sat here on the grass - is there really nothing left of them? Or will it still echo in someone's soul? (Italics mine. - L.A.)
This is what is most important.
I see how our tragic past in the Immortal Regiment resonates. But when I think about school, I understand that everything is much more complicated here.
I myself remember all my life how the elders left our orphanage in the city of Volsk in the late autumn of 1941 for the war.
I also remember well the Russian village in which our small detachment of fourteen-year-old Moscow mushroom pickers settled down. We had to collect four kilograms of mushrooms, for which we were fed, and the cards remained with our mothers. I saw a village without men, not counting the boys and old grandfathers.
And for many decades there was a violin on my bookcase, which one of my mother's friends left before his return, leaving for the front.
In January 1953, together with a small group of boys, we went on a ski trip with a direction to the Borodino field. Passing through Petrishchevo, we asked to be told where we could spend the night. We were given the house in which Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya spent her last night.
In the class in which these guys studied, in my first teacher's class, nine students' parents died in the war; two returned but died soon after; four were in occupation, and one of them was playing with the found cartridge, it exploded, and my student was left without one eye. Olga Petrovna's husband also died at the front, their class teacher and mathematics teachers.
As time went on, the distance between the war and modern life increased. In December 1984, the classes in which I worked - two tenths and one eleventh - wrote home composition on the topic "How the war went through our family." Only a few people said that they would not be able to write this essay: all ties with the war in their families were broken.
My granddaughter Grigory Chukhrai was studying at that time. At the same time, we all watched his film "The Ballad of a Soldier" on TV. When he came to our school, I asked Chukhrai to look at these compositions. They excited him. Especially one thing: “When my grandfather came home from the front after the hospital literally for an hour, he saw the following: the children are thin, his wife is tired, she can’t stand on her feet. My father says that, although he was small, he remembered one thing that day: when they put grandfather at the table and gave him cabbage soup from quinoa, he ate, praised, and tears flowed when he looked at the children. He said: “How delicious ...” And he cried.
Chukhrai's writings shocked me. He handed me the letter: “I was excited that your students, without realizing it themselves, showed how deeply, how organically the memory of the last war lives in them. Some of their masterpieces moved me to tears. What exact, what capacious details selected folk memory! (For example, the way your father ate quinoa soup, praised, and he cried. You can’t imagine this, even swallow a pen!) The assignment you gave your students helped them think about what their story means for them - for them personally countries. Many of them realized that it is not an abstraction, that it goes back to them from their parents, and from them it will pass to their children.
The transition to children was much more difficult.
Once, one of my students wrote to me in an essay on literature: “I am writing to you not as a student, but as a person.” This is the only correct approach in the method of writing. But the introduction of the USE has changed a lot here. The exam became a life-changing one for my students and their parents: if they get in, if they don't, if they manage to make it to the budget - there is no money for a paid department. Student successes and achievements have become the main ones. The student shielded the man. Everyone understands this today.
Speaking at the XV Congress of Russian Ombudsmen, the head of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, Alexander Bastrykin, told how he was at school at a parent meeting: “Not a word about children was heard at the last parent meetings! For the entire hour and a half, the teachers talked only about ratings!”
At the same congress, the alarming voice of Anna Kuznetsova, Commissioner for Children's Rights, was also heard: “Unfortunately, many fathers and mothers put the purely formal achievements of their offspring in the first place, attaching too much importance USE results, victories at the olympiads and so on. Meanwhile, you need to teach the child to be happy, regardless of the marks received, the number of points scored in exams and the places taken in competitions. Everything is so, but in reality everything is more complicated. In addition, the success of the school is judged not by the amount of happiness per child's soul, but by these most purely formal achievements.
Most of all, all these deformations and mixings act precisely on school essays. Points have become higher meanings.
I will confine myself to just one example. For ten years now I have been studying what the Internet offers in preparation for exams in the Russian language, the Unified State Examination in Literature, final essays. I have read a lot of books on the same subject. Now we are talking about the war, and I will give examples of how they prepare for essays about it.
A large, nearly four hundred page book published by large circulation. « complete collection literary arguments. Essays on the OGE. Essays on the exam. Final graduation essay". Hundreds and hundreds of these same arguments. Worthy ones are taken beautiful works. But look how they become vulgarized, cut to fit the same patterns, primitivized. Judge for yourself.
K.M. Simonov "Wait for me", "Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region ...".
I quote everything. Here is what is enough for a student essay:
“The name of the poet Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov was already well known during the Great Patriotic War. Having gone through the entire war, knowing its heroes well, he simply and sincerely wrote poems that give hope, inspire faith in victory, and heal pain. His poems "Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region ...", "Wait for me" and others called on the soldiers for courage and stamina, loyalty and readiness to do their duty.
Well, where are Simonov's poems here? They are not, but they are not needed. And it is released by one of the leading publishers in the country. And what a bureaucratic, empty, soulless language!
And I remember how in 1944 my seventh-grader friend and I made our way to the Communist auditorium of Moscow State University, where Simonov spoke. And what a meeting it was! And how excited his poems ...
B.L.Vasiliev “The dawns here are quiet…”.
“In B. Vasiliev's story, young girlish purity faces the inhuman and cruel forces of fascism. In this clash, five girls who oppose hardened German saboteurs die.
Yes, the enemy was delayed, but this small victory comes at the cost of five young lives. The short story has become a hymn to femininity, a symbol of eternal charm, spiritual wealth and beauty of five girls. B. Vasiliev bitterly describes how the harsh and cruel reality of the war comes into conflict with everything beautiful that is in the heroines.
And we still wonder where the language, style, content of many, many exam papers that bring the necessary points come from ...
A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin".
“Describing the pictures of hunger and cold, the poet says that in war “you can live without food for a day, you can do more,” but every day you need to be prepared for death. And the soldiers endure all the hardships patiently and with dignity.
Forgive me, but this all sounds just blasphemous. Yes, there is a quote from the poem. Now I will show you how it sounds in the poem itself.

You can live without food for days
You can do more, but sometimes
In a one minute war
Can't live without a joke
Jokes of the most unwise.

Do not live, as without shag,
From bombing to another
Without a good saying
Or some kind of saying, -
Without you, Vasily Terkin,
Vasya Terkin is my hero.

And more than anything else
Not to live for sure -
Without which? without the truth,
Truth, straight into the soul of the beating.
Yes, she would be thicker,
No matter how bitter.

There is no such truth in all these very arguments about the war. Now I am reading Daniil Granin's latest published book, Alien's Diary. I liked one expression there - "involvement in history." So all these arguments and often the writings themselves are excluded from history, without giving rise to contact with it.
And finally the last. As you know, graduating students are provided with "information about the text", material for writing. With this information, the texts of the students themselves are checked. The reviewers already know what the problem of the proposed text is, and what the author's position is. Unfortunately, for the first time in the entire period of the exams, I was unable to familiarize myself with this document. I was told that the check was under the strict eye of surveillance cameras. Although, of course, it was very interesting how all the questions were answered there. But for me it doesn't change anything. For students, these are all questions of life and destiny.
IN last years even officials began to refer to the tests as guessing games. Exam tests have been removed. But you have to guess what they wrote in the FIPI for the inspectors. I have already said that I accidentally stumbled on the Internet correspondence of graduates after the exam. Everything on this topic, only about it. Questions, alarmed and confused: “Is it okay?”, “But is this possible?”, “Will this wording be accepted?” They will forget about the forever nineteen-year-old immediately after the exam. Moreover, they don’t even know from which book everything is taken. Therefore, no one will want to read this book. In addition, each of them performed grammatical tasks on this tragic text before starting to compose. And for them, that grammar lessons, that the story of the young lieutenant's painful thoughts are all the same: assignments that should bring points.
We have already gone through all this. Almost 50 years ago, the film by G. Polonsky and S. Rostotsky "We'll Live Until Monday" was released. And there Genka Shestopal said that there are sincere works, and there are those that are written according to the “U-2” principle: the first “y” is to guess, the second “y” is to please. "When other people's thoughts, prepared at home, and five, one might say, in your pocket."
But here's the thing. Any text is always open. Critics and literary critics analyze the same work in different ways. The Constitutional Court decides whether a decision is in conformity with the Constitution. And even theologians differ in the interpretation of biblical texts. Obviously, in the interpretation of the texts submitted for the exam, including texts from Russian literature, FIPI does not have a monopoly on the truth. Especially when you consider that this truth of reading the text is also judged by those who last worked at school at dawn foggy youth. Meanwhile, I myself know many cases when a graduate writes smartly, subtly, absolutely true in essence, but he is deducted points for the fact that his writings are not included in the list of sanctioned ones. As a result, it is often the best who lose their blood points.
And why, after a single exam for everyone in all regions and for all options, do they not report what they wanted to see in the work of students when completing this task? This needs to be known to the students themselves, their teachers, parents, and our entire community.
I understand very well that after everything that happened, first of all it was necessary to put things in order. It is induced rather rigidly, and it could not be otherwise. Now the main thing is to put things in order in the production of examination materials. But without the broad and open involvement of teachers, this problem cannot be solved.

Answer from Ivan[guru]
Before the war, Viktor Tretyakov lived like all ordinary people. The boy was happy, loved his father and mother, but the war took everything from him. Shortly before the start of the Great Patriotic War, Victor Tretyakov's father, who was not guilty of anything, was arrested. A stranger appeared in the family - a stepfather. Tretyakov did not accept him, relations with his mother changed. The hero condemned her, believing that her mother had cheated on her father. And here is the war. First, her stepfather leaves for her, then Tretyakov himself. The writer shows how honest and kind the young man is. Tretyakov is characterized by the most best qualities. In war, he does not hide behind other people's backs. Lieutenant Tretyakov appreciates, pities the soldiers, is not afraid of difficulties, is capable of a feat, is true to his word, understands that a word is also an act. In the war, Tretyakov grows up. He sees death and now knows the true value of life. Memories of loved ones, of home, of peacetime help the hero to keep a person in himself in tragic conditions. While in the hospital, Tretyakov reflects on life, scolding himself for his boyish insolence and stupidity. He is a youth with no right to condemn his mother for her decision to marry again. The hero disliked his stepfather, not understanding that he brought pain to his mother, dear, beloved person. Now he asks her forgiveness in a letter, he wants her to be happy. In the hospital, Viktor Tretyakov met his first love. His feeling is tender, strong, pure. Sasha is the girl who is infinitely dear to him. The hero is ready to share her misfortune, anxiety. He loves her truly, tries to help her in everything. You read the pages of the story dedicated to their meetings, and you worry about the love of the characters. I want happiness to happen. But war will destroy everything. You could pretend you didn't notice her. Tretyakov is offered to stay in this small town where the hospital was located, but the honor and duty inherent in the young man do not give him such an opportunity. Front again. Now Victor is responsible not only for his mother, sister, stepfather, from whom there have been no letters for a long time, but also for Sasha, for her mother. There is no peace in Sasha's family: his mother has a German patronymic, and therefore worries. How will their life go on? War is with the Germans! Tretyakov, and together with him we understand how much grief the war brought with it. She separated the hero from his father, stepfather, took away his life. Victor never lived to be 20 years old, forever remained nineteen. He received a letter in which his mother and sister congratulated him on his birthday. It arrived a day before the celebration. On this day, Tretyakov was wounded, everything seemed to be fine, because he was sent to the hospital, but the war delivers its final blow. Tretyakov dies on the way to the hospital. Before his death, he thinks about the people with whom he was on the same cart, tries to help them, gives way, he himself goes on foot. A stray bullet kills him. Yes, no doubt, the hero lived every minute of his existence on earth according to his moral values. The war destroyed his dreams, and Sasha, his beloved girl, who managed to overcome many difficulties, lost her happiness. War is tragedy, pain, death. In the hero, G. Baklanov embodied the best features of his generation - a sense of duty, patriotism, responsibility, mercy.

Slezina Victoria

The work of Victoria Slezina "The image of Vladimir Tretyakov - the defender of the Motherland in the story of G. Baklanov" Forever - nineteen" is dedicated to revealing the heroic character of the protagonist of the story. The author set herself the goal of revealing the main character traits of the defender of the Motherland in G. Baklanov's story "Forever - nineteen."
The relevance of this work is great, since May 9, 2015 is celebrated anniversary date- 70 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic war. The feat of warriors - defenders of the Fatherland - must live in the memory of the people. The younger generation should be brought up on the examples of the heroic and selfless characters of young people who selflessly loved their country and defended it, not sparing their lives.
The advantage of the work is that the student independently analyzed the image literary hero Vladimir Tretyakov in G. Baklanov's story "Forever - nineteen", highlighting the stages of growth of the hero's self-awareness. I made a table in which I reflected the character traits of the hero-defender native land. She also drew parallels between the images of the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War and the characters of the defenders of their native land in the war in Ukraine

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School - student scientific - practical conference

them. E.A. Zubchaninov

Section "Literature"

The image of Vladimir Tretyakov - the defender of the Motherland

in the story of G. Baklanov "Forever - nineteen"

Performed

Slezina Victoria,

student of 7 "B" class MBOU secondary school No. 176

g.o. Samara

Scientific director

Nizova Alla Valentinovna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

Samara 2015

Introduction 3

Chapter 1

1.1. The fate of the writer and the grief of the Motherland 4

1.2. The Book of the Immortality of a Whole Generation 5

Chapter 2

2.1. Ordinary guy 7

2.2. War 8

2.3. Qualities of character that appear in war. Responsibility

for assigned work 8

2.4. Courage and courage in battles 10

2.5. The Unvarnished Truth About War 11

2.6. Philosophical reflections Tretyakov 14

2.7. Lyubov Volodya Tretyakova 15

2.8. The death of Tretyakov 15

2.9. The generation that remained forever nineteen years old 17

G. Baklanova "Forever - nineteen", with the characters of the defenders of their native land, now fighting in Ukraine 20

Conclusion 25

Bibliography 26

Introduction

One of the central themes in literature has been and remains the theme of the young in the war. We, today's readers, empathize with our peers who defended their native land and died in the name of a peaceful life. They, like us, dreamed, made plans, believed in a happy future. And it all collapsed in an instant. The war changed everything.

I am referring to this topic becauseI want an example story

G. Baklanova to analyze what these young guys who died in the war were like.

The relevance of this work is great, since on May 9, 2015, the anniversary date is celebrated - 70 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The feat of warriors - defenders of the Fatherland - must live in the memory of the people. The work also traces the characters of the heroes-defenders of the native land of two wars: the Great Patriotic War and the modern war in Ukraine.

Object of study- the story of G. Baklanov "Forever - nineteen" and journalistic articles about the modern war in Ukraine.

Subject of study- patriotism, heroism of the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War and the modern war in Ukraine.

Target - To reveal the heroic character of the protagonist of G. Baklanov's story "Forever - nineteen"

Tasks:

Select and analyze literature on the topic;
Conduct research work in the image of the main character of the story G. Baklanov;
To reveal the main character traits of the defender of the Motherland in the story of G. Baklanov "Forever - nineteen";
Compare the image of V. Tretyakov, the main character of the story

G. Baklanova "Forever - nineteen", with the characters of the defenders of their native land, now fighting in Ukraine.

Research methods:

Observation;
Theoretical analysis.

Abstract structure:

The abstract consists of an introduction; Chapter 1, in which I briefly review the biography of G. Baklanov and emphasize that the author in his work talks about what he and his peers experienced in the war, recreates the true picture that the participants in the hostilities saw; 2 chapters, in which I tried to reveal the main character traits of the protagonist of the story

G. Baklanova "Forever - nineteen"; 3 chapters in which I triedto compare the image of V. Tretyakov, the protagonist of G. Baklanov's story "Forever - nineteen", with the characters of the defenders of their native land in the war in Ukraine; conclusions, bibliography.

Chapter 1

1.1. The fate of the writer and the grief of the Motherland

Grigory Yakovlevich Baklanov was born in Voronezh in 1923. He lost his parents at an early age and was raised by his uncle's family. The war for him was the beginning adult life. In 1941, from school, he volunteered for the front, his path from private to head of intelligence of the division was difficult. He commanded a battery until the end of the war on the Southwestern Front.

After the end of the war, G. Baklanov considered it his duty to tell about his experiences, about those who, defending their homeland, immortalized themselves with the beauty of a feat.

After graduating in 1951 from the Literary Institute. A.M. Gorky focused on military topics. The author of the stories “South of the main blow”, “Span of the earth”, “The dead have no shame”, which were at the center of critical discussions about the “trench truth”, “lieutenant prose”. In 1964 he published the story "July 1941". The story "Forever - nineteen" in 1979 was awarded the State Prize of the USSR.

From 1986 to 1996 he headed the editorial board of the Znamya magazine.

In 1988, the book of short stories "Evening Light" was published, in 1993 - a collection of stories and short stories "The Own Man", in 1995 - the book "I was not killed in the war."

1.2. A book about the immortality of a whole generation

For G. Baklanov, a story about the war is a story about his generation. Of the twenty classmates who went to the front, he returned alone. The author in his work talks about what he and his peers experienced, recreates a true picture that only front-line soldiers saw."Forever - nineteen" - a book about the immortality of a whole generation. G. Baklanov said: “This is a worthy generation, proud, with a sharp sense of duty. Almost all of it remained on the battlefields. I think of these young men - saints, honest, selflessly fulfilling their duty - I think of them with a paternal feeling, it hurts me that their lives ended so early. A heavy, terrible responsibility fell on their shoulders beyond their age.

I learned about how young guys remained forever nineteen years old by reading the story of the same name by G. Baklanov. Reading this work, you understand the meaning of the life of nineteen-year-olds of that time. The author dedicates the story to those who remained nineteen years old, to those whose lives were cut short on the battlefields. They did not open the door to their home, their relatives did not wait for them. On their way there was a war.

The emotional impetus for writing the book was an incident that occurred during the filming of the film "Span of the Earth." The film crew stumbled upon the remains of a war buried in a trench: “... They brought out a buckle with a star, baked in the sand, green from oxide. It was carefully passed from hand to hand, it was determined from it: ours. And it must be an officer. And for many years the writer was tormented by the thought: who was he, this unknown officer. Maybe a fellow soldier? Before us, modern readers, is an unknown dead soldier. Who is he? Both scary and creepy from this picture. The sun rose, warming the living, but it is powerless to warm the one who died here more than thirty years ago, defending the Fatherland.

Undoubtedly, the main figure of the war has always been and remains a soldier. The story "Forever - nineteen" is a story about young lieutenants in the war. They had to answer for themselves and for others without any allowance for age. Having gone to the front straight from school, they, as Alexander Tvardovsky once said well, "did not rise above lieutenants and did not go further than regiment commanders" and "saw the sweat and blood of war on their tunic." After all, it was they, the nineteen-year-old platoons, who were the first to go on the attack, inspiring the soldiers, replacing the killed machine gunners, organizing all-round defense. And most importantly, they bore the burden of responsibility: for the outcome of the battle, for the formation of a platoon, for the lives of entrusted people, many of whom were old enough to be fathers. The lieutenants decided who to send in dangerous reconnaissance, who to leave to cover the retreat, how to carry out the task, losing as few fighters as possible. This feeling of lieutenant responsibility is well said in Baklanov’s story: “All of them, together and individually, each was responsible for the country, and for the war, and for everything that is in the world and will be after them. But he alone was responsible for bringing the battery to the deadline. Here is such a brave lieutenant, faithful to a sense of civic duty and officer honor, still a young man, and the writer presented us in the image of Vladimir Tretyakov. Baklanov's hero becomes a generalized image of a whole generation. That is why the title of the story is plural - nineteen.

Chapter 2

G. Baklanova "Forever - nineteen"

2.1. A regular guy

The hero of the story - Vladimir Tretyakov - from school, bearing the burden of responsibility, without any allowance for age, was called to the front: "I went to the front myself, when they had not yet been called up for a year."

In the hospital, Tretyakov meets a classmate. Memories of civilian life, interspersed with military events, flooded over the hero: “Tretyakov felt something familiar in a respectable man, whom the administrative officer let him go ahead, in his manner of raising his shoulders. Oleg sat on the edge of the bed; Military uniform, shoulder straps under the robe, harness, belt. And in the glasses of the glasses are the same meek, homely eyes. It used to be that Oleg was standing at the blackboard, all smeared with chalk, sweating with shame: “Ask your mother, I, honestly, taught. …Do you know who I met here at the market? - Oleg put on his glasses, his eyes cleared behind the glasses. - Sonya Baturina's mother, remember her? She also bandaged your head in military class. I think Sonya was a little in love with you. She's dead, didn't you know? … Do you remember how we played soldiers in my gallery? You had the Japanese army, and I had the Hungarian hussars. Do you remember how beautiful my Hungarian hussars were?

From behind glasses, from a wide male face, children's eyes looked at Tretyakov, in which time had stopped. They looked at him from that life when they were all still immortal. Adults died, old people died, and they were immortal. .

2.2. War

War is depicted as a cruel, terrible, destructive force. War isdeath is death.Before the war, Tretyakov lived like all ordinary people. The boy was happy, loved his father and mother, but the war took everything from him.“Tretyakov looked and worried, and all sorts of thoughts, as for the first time ... Eight months was not at the front, weaned, you have to get used to it again. It was in the first months at the front that he was ashamed of himself, he thought he was the only one like that. Everything is so in these moments, everyone overcomes them alone with himself: there will be no other life. In these moments, when nothing seems to be happening, you just wait, and it moves irreversibly towards its last feature, towards an explosion, and neither you nor anyone can stop it, at such moments the inaudible course of history is felt. You suddenly feel clearly how this whole colossus, made up of thousands and thousands of efforts different people, has moved, is moving not by someone else’s will, but by itself, having received its own move, and therefore it is unstoppable” .

2.3. Qualities of character, manifested in the war. Responsibility for assigned work.

The character of the lieutenant is revealed through concrete facts: he himself is hungry, shares rations with a girl, could stay at the headquarters, but goes to the front line to convince others of the safety, risking his life, stands under the bridge. The life of a soldier, the outcome of the operation depend on his skill, patience and rationality of actions. He confidently commands a platoon, everyone unquestioningly follows his orders, because he takes full responsibility for the outcome of the operation: “- Gun commanders, tractor drivers, come to me! - ordered Tretyakov, thereby separating them from the battery. - Surname? - And what is the name, comrade lieutenant? Semakin is my surname. - You, Semakin, will lead the first gun. - I, Comrade Lieutenant, will drive! - Semakin spoke loudly and waved his hand desperately: they say, he does not feel sorry for himself. - I will lead. I always follow orders! - At the same time, he shook his head negatively. - Only what will we pull out the tractor with? He should lie under the bridge. And the weapon is the same... He spoke, propped up by the sympathetic silence of the batterymen. All of them, together and individually, were each responsible for the country, and for the war, and for everything that is in the world and will be after them. But he alone was responsible for bringing the battery to the deadline. .

When everyone doubted the strength of the bridge and were afraid to transport guns, Tretyakov again showed exactingness in fulfilling the order, because it was he who had to deliver the battery to the battlefield on time: “Come on! - he waved his hand, he shouted from below, even though there, next to the tractor, they could not hear him. And how he entered his destiny under the bridge.

Everything sagged above the head, above the face raised up, transferring the rolling weight from log to log. It seemed that the supports were sinking. And then the gun entered the bridge. He groaned, the bridge shook. "Collapse!" - even breath intercepted. The logs rubbed against each other, dust fell from above. Blinking his powder-covered eyes, seeing nothing, he rubbed them with rough fingers, trying to make out blindly what was above him, but everything flickered. And through the exhaust of the engine, the crackling of wood was heard. Without seeing it, he felt how all this huge weight had slid off the bridge onto the earth's firmament, and the bridge sighed over him. Only now did he feel what force was pressing from above: in his tensed muscles he felt as if he himself was propping up the bridge with his back. . I believe that the hero behaves with dignity, takes responsibility, not getting lost in a difficult deadly situation, and fulfills the order.

2.4. Courage and courage in battles

Terrible pictures of war make one shudder.“The mortar battery fired destructive rapid fire, the mines exploded on the very field between the landing and the sunflowers where our sprawled infantry lay.” “In the log, the Germans suddenly rushed from the mortars. They filed on the run, spreading out in all directions. The long, endless moment of waiting lasted. Through binoculars, Tretyakov clearly saw the abandoned firing position: boxes of mines, mortar barrels pulled up, the sun shining on dusty barrels - empty, time stopped. One mortar man could not stand it, he jumped up from the ground ... And then it exploded from the lowland. - Battery three shells - rapid fire! - shouted Tretyakov. And while it tore and flew up, the roof on which he lay trembled under him.

And when the earth thrown out by the explosions fell, when the smoke was dragged by the wind, there was nothing at the firing position, which opened again. Only plowed land, funnels" . “... he was hit, knocked down. Earth clods crashed down from above, hitting his bent back, hitting his head as he fought back his nausea as he knelt over the apparatus. Sticky saliva flowed from his mouth, he wiped it with his sleeve. I thought: “Here it is ...” And was amazed: it’s not scary.

At the bottom of the trench, a sergeant lay face down, his hand outstretched in front of him. Her fingers twitched. And where the battalion commander had just shouted and shook his visor, a loose funnel was smoking. .

The hero is wounded at the moment when he is trying to save Private Nasrullaev. Tretyakov behaves heroically. He does not hide behind the backs of friends, now the soldiers believe him. The author shows that victory is made up of the actions of those who dot the battlefield. They blocked it, covered their Motherland with their breasts. In these battles, almost the entire platoon of Tretyakov died. “The arable field, on which wheat was sown and harvested from year to year, became for them last field fight" . And in this field, the living, with difficulty pulling their boots out of the black earth, walked, looking for and recognizing the dead, and they, the dead, “lyed in boots plastered with pounds of black soil.” This fact in the reader's mind is associated with the words of the hero: "The living are always to blame for those who are not."

2.5. The unvarnished truth about the war

The story is realistic. The author depicts terrible pictures of battles where innocent people die. “Puddles shone in the sun, and among them the dead lay all over the field. In overcoats that had absorbed water, in wet padded jackets, stiff, they lay where death had overtaken them. The arable field near the Kravtsy farm, where wheat was sown and harvested from year to year, and where geese were driven out to stubble every autumn, became their last battlefield. .

G. Baklanov accurately draws the details of front-line life. Particularly important are the psychological details that create the effect of our presence there, in those years, next to Lieutenant Tretyakov: closed positions, sent shells, and the leaves fell from the trees from the explosions. Coming to the edge of the forest, he jumped into a sandy trench collapsed in many places and almost stepped on the feet of an infantryman lying at the bottom. In all the equipment, belted, he lay as if asleep. But his yellow, non-Russian face was bloodless, his loosely screwed-up eye gleamed dully. And all covered with earth, a black, round head cut like a typewriter: already killed, another shell buried him.... He looked through binoculars, thinking how at dusk, when the sun sets behind the mound, he will pull communication from here to the infantry, if he is ordered to go where it is better to lay the wire so that the projectile does not interrupt him. And when he left, he came across another dead infantryman. He sat, all slumped to the bottom. The overcoat on his chest is covered in fresh blood clots, but there is no face at all. On the sandy parapet of the trench, the blood-gray lumps of the brain seemed to tremble still. Tretyakov saw a lot for the war of death and the dead, but then he did not look. It was something that a person should not see. And the distance ahead, behind the trunks of pines, all golden, beckoned like an unlived life. .

The moments of calm before the attack are also realistically described: “Here they are, these last irreversible minutes. In the dark, breakfast was served to the infantry, and although each did not talk about it, he thought, scraping the bowler hat: maybe for the last time ... With this thought, he hid the wiped spoon behind the winding: maybe it won’t come in handy again. . A worn-out spoon behind a winding is a detail of front-line life. But what everyone thought about the irreversibility of these minutes is today's generalized vision.

G. Baklanov is meticulously accurate in any details of front-line life. He rightly believed that without the truth of small facts there is no truth of the great time: “He looked at them, alive, cheerful near death. Dipping the meat in coarse salt, poured into the lid of the pot, he told, to their pleasure, about the North-Western Front. And the sun rose higher above the forest, and another thing came in its turn in the mind. Really only great people do not disappear at all? Are they the only ones destined to remain among the living posthumously? And from ordinary people, from people like them, all that are now sitting in this forest, before them, they were also sitting here on the grass, is there really nothing left of them? Lived, buried, and as if you weren't there, as if you didn't live under the sun, under this eternal blue sky, where now the plane is buzzing imperiously, climbing to an unattainable height. Does the unspoken thought and the pain really disappear without a trace? Or will it still resonate in someone's soul? And who will separate the great and the not great when they have not had time to live yet? Perhaps the greatest - the future Pushkin, Tolstoy - remained in these years on the battlefields without a name and will never say anything to people. Can't you feel life even in this emptiness? . These lines sound like a philosophical generalization, like a conclusion, like the thought of Baklanov himself.

2.6. Philosophical reflections of Tretyakov

“From the upper bunk, Tretyakov looked, looked at this autumn beauty of the world, which he could no longer see. Not much was enough for him this time, for one fight, and even then not to the end. And my heart is calm. How much does the people need if the war lasts for the third year and so little is measured in it for one person? ... This question is born in Tretyakov's thoughts, and we, the readers, have a feeling of pain, regret and hatred for those who kindled the war.

“That night, the rest of it, Tretyakov sat in the dugout with the company commander, whom he was to support with fire. Didn't sleep. "..."

Tretyakov listened to him, he himself spoke, but suddenly it became strange, as if all this was not happening to him: here they were sitting underground, drinking tea, waiting for an hour. And on the other side, the Germans, too, perhaps, do not sleep, they are waiting. And then, like a wave, they will pick it up, and they will jump out of the trenches, run to kill each other ... Someday all this will seem strange to people. . In these words of the author lies all the senselessness, the cruelty of the behavior of people in the war.

And in the hospital, the wounded do not stop remembering the battles. At the front, the soldier did not have time to rest between battles, he did not have time to assess what was happening, to look at himself from the outside, and there is a lot of time in the hospital. Therefore, each wounded man, including Tretyakov, replayed his military life, battles for skyscrapers, all-round defense, attacks on the move. In the hospital, Volodya had the opportunity to think, evaluate, reflect on the death of millions, on the total account of the war and the inevitability of accidental losses. These scenes help to see the power, the scale of people's suffering.

2.7. Lyubov Volodya Tretyakov

The love of Volodya Tretyakov is organically woven into the mood of the story. The very one that these “non-kissed” lieutenants, who stepped from the school bench into the mortal whirlwind, were barely able to touch or did not have time to know at all.

A striking event in the life of Tretyakov was a meeting with Sasha. He liked her eyelashes in the snow, her cheerful laugh, her slightly childish habits, but adults who had seen quite a lot in a life that had not yet begun. Tretyakov was ready for anything for her: he ran away from the hospital more than once to see her, got a firewood truck so that Sasha would not have to collect coal under the trains. Between Tretyakov and Sasha there is a feeling, the first, timid, but very sincere.

2.8. The death of Tretyakov

“The star goes out, but the field of attraction remains” - Tretyakov hears these words in the hospital. The field of attraction, which was created by that generation and which arises as the main and integral mood of the story. G. Baklanov wanted to tell about a generation, and not about one hero. As at the front, all life sometimes fit in one instant, so the traits of a generation were embodied in one front-line fate. Therefore, the death of Tretyakov does not return us to the beginning of the story: to those remains found in a buried trench on the banks of the Dniester. Death, as it were, introduces the hero into the cycle of life, into an eternally renewing and eternally lasting existence: “He did not hear the machine gun fire: he was hit, his leg was knocked out under him, breaking away from the wagon, he fell. Everything happened instantly. Lying on the ground, he saw how the horses were carried down the slope, how the nurse, a girl, pulled out the reins from the driver, measured the distance with a glance that had already separated him from them. And fired randomly. And then there was an automatic burst. He managed to notice where they were shooting from, he also thought that he was lying unsuccessfully, on the road, in full view, he should have crawled into a ditch. But at that moment, something moved ahead. The world has shrunk. He saw him now through the battle slot. There, at the front sight of the pistol, at the end of his outstretched arm, it stirred again, a smoky-gray began to rise against the sky. Tretyakov fired. When the medical instructor, leaving the horses, looked back, there was nothing at the place where they had been fired upon and he had fallen. Only a cloud of explosion that had flown off the ground was rising. And line after line floated in the heavenly heights dazzling white clouds, inspired by the wind. , as if raising the immortal memory of them, nineteen years old. Forever the heroes of the story of Baklanov, a front-line writer, as well as their prototypes, will remain young. Feeling the beauty and value of life, a keen sense of responsibility to the fallen for everything that happens on earth, such a mental attitude remains the field of reading the story "Forever - nineteen."

2.9. The generation that remained forever nineteen

Here is such a brave lieutenant, true to his sense of civic duty and officer honor, still quite a young man, and introduced uswriter as Vladimir Tretyakov.

In the story, G. Baklanov refers to military everyday life: "The war went on for the third year, and, which is incomprehensible, it became familiar and simple." From a peaceful distance, the writer peers into that war, which after the release of his book will be called " lieutenant's prose”, i.e. seen not from the general staffs, but from the battlefield by young people who had just become lieutenants - "honest, clean boys" who gave their lives in battle. In this story, the main advantages of Baklanov's prose seem to be concentrated. Criticism wrote about G. Baklanov: “Nothing meaningful, imaginary philosophical ... He always tries to speak simply and frankly. He knows how to acutely experience what is happening with the world and man. . "Lieutenants" - the young heroes of Baklanov - keenly feel the value of every day, every moment. The heroes of Baklanov are counting down their time; they evaluate it with those moments of joy that they managed to experience in the pre-war past, remember the centuries and millennia of ancient history once studied at school, and therefore perceive every day they lived, every day they survived at the front more vividly. "Forever nineteen" Tretyakov remembers all the moments of life - a casual kiss of a girl, winter light outside the window, a tree branch under the snow. War changes the very feeling of life, where there is death, the happiness of being, and beauty. The death of a hero enhances the uniqueness and tragedy of life. Hence the power of artistic detail in Baklanov. The writer proves the artistic truth not by logic. For him, a person is impulsive, the choice is momentary, subject to instantaneous action, but inherent in the hero from the very beginning or prepared by the whole previous life. Man is what he is now, at this moment. But the past made him so, which is why the memory of this past is so important in the writer's books.

Forever the heroes of the story of Baklanov, a front-line writer, as well as their prototypes, will remain young. Feeling the beauty and foam of life, a keen sense of responsibility to the fallen for everything that happens on earth - this is the mental attitude that remains when reading the story “Forever - nineteen”.

Analyzing the image of Vladimir Tretyakov, I identified the following character traits of the hero:

Character traits of the main character	analyzed material. Quotes from the text
A regular guy	“He went to the front himself, when they had not yet been called up for a year, if he went through everything as expected, because it was his father who raised him.”
The war took everything from the hero	“... there will be no other life. In these moments, when nothing seems to be happening, you just wait, and it moves irreversibly towards its last feature, towards an explosion, and neither you nor anyone can stop it, at such moments the inaudible course of history is felt. You suddenly feel clearlythis whole colossus, made up of thousands and thousands of efforts of different people, moved,moves not by someone else's will, but by herself, having received her move, and therefore unstoppable.”
Qualities of character that manifested themselves in the war:
Responsibility for assigned work	“He spoke, propped up by the sympathetic silence of the batterymen. All of them, together and individually, were each responsible for the country, and for the war, and for everything that is in the world and will be after them.But he alone was responsible for bringing the battery to the deadline.»
Courage and courage in battles	“The mortar battery fired destructive rapid fire, the mines exploded on the very field between the landing and the sunflowers, where our sprawled infantry lay, ... Tretyakov now clearly saw the abandoned firing position through binoculars. …He was hit, knocked down. Earth clods crashed down from above, hitting his bent back, hitting his head as he fought back his nausea as he knelt over the apparatus. Sticky saliva flowed from his mouth, he wiped it with his sleeve. I thought: “Here it is ...” And was amazed: it’s not scary.
They closed their motherland with their breasts	In these battles, almost the entire platoon of Tretyakov died. “The arable field, where wheat was sown and harvested year after year, became their last battlefield.” And in this field, the living, with difficulty pulling their boots out of the black earth, walked, looking for and recognizing the dead, and they, the dead, “lyed in boots plastered with pounds of black soil.”

Chapter 3. Analogy of the image of V. Tretyakov, the main character of the story

G. Baklanova "Forever - nineteen", with the characters of the defenders of their native land in the war in Ukraine

Look how much evil there is in life!
How hatred seethes across the planet...
In the twentieth century, malice has surpassed
marks of all previous centuries.

And everyone is right. There are no more wrongs.
And who would not bite someone's throat -
everyone has a confirmed answer:
"In the name of justice and duty."

And I'm afraid that after some time
people will win a complete victory:
and there will be justice, there will be duty -
but there will be no people on earth.

Yu.S. Belash

There is a war going on in southeastern Ukraine now. "Now there are fierce fighting. They are trying to destroy the militias from artillery and aircraft, they are trying to surround them. The soldiers of the Army of Novorossia are fighting to the death for their native land and do not allow the neo-Nazis to implement the order from Washington to clean up the Donbass.

The mood of the inhabitants of the city is different. Someone supports the whole militia, and someone looks at it warily, because war is a terrible thing and it is not easy to see people with weapons. But in general, of course, the local population is completely on the side of their defenders. .

What are the soldiers of the Army of Novorossiya fighting for? «… For the Russian language and your home. Ordinary men, some did not even serve in the army. Each of them has made a choice, and there is no turning back for them, which is why they do not hide their names or faces. I remember one said: “Maybe I’ll have to die, but I’m sure my son will be proud of me ...” And the other: “Somehow I lived and didn’t think that I was Russian until they started killing me for it. And now I understand who I am - I returned to the family.Memories of the Great Patriotic War acquired enormous, special significance: partisans, punishers, the mainland ...» .

“Lead clouds float over the Donetsk steppe and everything around is filled with screams, groans and screams of shell explosions, the cries of Novorossiya – there is a fight not for life, but for death with the resurrected vermin of fascism, which has resurrected in the minds of the distraught generation of the two thousandths.

She, this decapitated hydra in the victorious forty-fifth, again came to life in the minds of crazy youth to the delight of their patrons and ideological inspirers of bloody, Ukrainian nationalism, and their overseas masters. ...And here is the result - Civil War, but, according to the militias, who were forced to take up arms, this is not a civil war, this is a holy war, a war against resurgent fascism. For the inhabitants of the Lugansk and Donetsk regions, for the whole of New Russia, this is a war for the memory of their fathers and grandfathers, who laid down their lives in the Donetsk steppes, freeing their lands from the brown plague, freeing the long-suffering Ukraine from the Nazi invaders. And now the young warriors of Novorossia are dying with their heads held high, their souls overflowing with the realization of a great mission.Here is just one cry from the soul of the militia about his dead comrade:

“Forty days since he is not with us. Forty days since he received his last Stand- one against one and a half dozen esbeushniks, Cains who sold their souls for thirty pieces of silver, betrayed the ideals of their fathers and grandfathers and the future of their children.

They have already paid dearly for the death of our battle-brother. The rest will pay for the thousands of crippled and tortured in the dungeons of the SBU, in the cities and villages of Donbass, for the tears of children and mothers, for the horrors of war.

Today, the Nazis excel in atrocities - they pull out their nails, burn out the stars, break bones, kill children. They are served - some out of fear, some out of servile habit, some out of their greed. Whoever they are - military personnel, policemen, security forces, prosecutors, judges, officials of all ranks, businessmen or just traders - they will never get rid of the stigma of executioners and the curse of the people.

There is no Orthodox cross on Anton's grave, because there is no grave itself - he died in a city occupied by the fascist last ones on the land occupied by them. And the Russian land accepted him, our ancient long-suffering land, watered with the blood of our ancestors, and now his. I believe that the time will come and the streets of cities, and maybe new cities will be named after those who, at the call of their hearts and consciences, stood up for the defense of the Russian land and fell in an unequal battle for our Orthodox faith.

Anton died, but the spirit of resistance has not been broken, our primordial faith has not died, Russia is alive. We will liberate Ukraine, as our fathers and grandfathers liberated it in 1943. We will save you, the multinational people of Ukraine.

Kingdom of heaven to the Orthodox warrior Anton and eternal rest to his soul!”

Such words cannot be invented, they can only be suffered, and the militia who wrote these lines, in all likelihood, is also ready to give his life for the great truth, this truth feeds these people, gives strength and powerful will. These people cannot be defeated." . Comparative characteristics the hero-defender of the native land in the Great Patriotic War and the heroes of the soldiers of Novorossia in the modern war in Ukraine

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